Aim of the experiment: Conducting performance test on the engine & to draw the heat balance sheet
(i) To determine the I.H.P , B.H.P & mechanical efficiency of four stroke single
cylinder diesel engine.
(ii) To draw the heat balance sheet.
Description:
The mechanical break drum is fixed to the engine flywheel & the engine is mounted on the MS. Channel
frame & further mounted on the anti-vibromounts. Panel board is used to fix burette with a three way
cock, digital temperature indicator with selector switch, digital tachometer & U tube manometer.
Instrumentation:
1. Digital temperature indicator to measure different temperatures sensed by respective
thermocouples.
2. Digital tachometer is used to measure the speed of the engine.
3. Manometer to measure the quantity of air drawn into the air cylinder.
4. Burette to measure the rate of fuel consumption.
Engine specification:
Make: Kirloskar
BHP: 5
Speed: 1500
No. of cylinders 1
Compression ratio: 16.5:1
Bore: 80mm
Stroke: 110mm
Orifice dia: 17mm
Type of ignition: Compression ignition
Method of loading: Rope break
Method of starting: Crank start
Method of cooling: water cooled
Loading system:
The engine test rig is directly coupled to a brake drum & a rope is wound around the drum. One end of
the rope is connected to a spring balance & the other end to a weighing platform. The load to the
engine can be varied by adding the slotted weights provided. Please see to that the platform is above
the base while the engine is loaded, this can be achieved by using the hand wheel provided on loading
frame.
2 πN ( W −S )( D+d ) /2
HP =
4500
Where
W = Dead weight in kgs
S = Spring balance reading in kgs
D = Diameter of break drums in metres.
d = diameter of the rope in metres.
N = Speed of the engine.
Fuel measurement:
The fuel is supplied from the main fuel tank through a measuring burette with 3 way manifold system.
To measure the fuel consumption of the engine the burette is filled upto the cock marked ‘tank’ on the
manifold block. When the burette is filled with fuel the cock is closed. Then 25cc of fuel is drained &
time is measured in the stopwatch.
Weight of the fuel = 25 × Density of fuel ¿ ¿
Air flow measurement:
An air drum is fitted on the panel frame & is connected to the engine through an air hose. The air drum
facilitate an orifice manifold with orifice & pressure pick up point are connected to the U tube
manometer limbs. The difference in the manometer reading is taken as the different loads & the air
sucked by the engine is calculated by:
2 ghm× ρw
Va = CdA
Where
√ ρa
×3600 cu . meter /hr
The Cd of the orifice = 0.62
The diameter of orifice = 17mm
Temperature measurement:
A digital indicator is with selector switch is provided in the panel to get the different temperatures.
TC1- Inlet water temperature to calorimeter & engine jacket temperature.
TC2- Outlet temperature of the calorimeter.
TC3- Exhaust gas temperature inlet to the calorimeter.
TC4- Exhaust gas temperature outlet from the calorimeter.
TC5- Outlet water temperature of engine jacket
TC6- Ambient engine temperature.
Procedure:
1- The engine jacket inlet & calorimeter inlet to a water source with a constant head of 5 meters
through respective rotameters is connected.
2- The respective gate valves are opened.
3- The power line is connected to the instrument set.
4- The fuel is filled into the tank.
5- The engine is decompressed by lifting the lever & the engine is slowly cranked by the help of the lever
provided. At maximum cranking speed the decompression lever is switched down.
6- Then the engine starts & it is allowed to stabilise & run at a constant speed of 1500 rpm under no
load condition.
7- Now the engine is loaded & the required data are recorded.
8- After all the records are obtained the engine was stopped by pushing the governor lever towards the
engine cranking side.
Formula’s used:
2 πN ( W −S )( D+d ) /2
Brake horse power(BHP) =
4500
Where
W = Dead weight in kgs
S = Spring balance reading in kgs
D = Diameter of break drums in metres.
d = diameter of the rope in metres.
N = Speed of the engine.
Weight of the fuel consumed in kg/hr
X cc × Specific gravity of fuel × 60 ×60
Wf =
Time ×1000
Where Xcc is volume of fuel consumed in T sec.
Density is 0.838 gms/cc
Specific fuel consumption in Kg/BHP hr
Wf
SFC =
BHP
Indicated horse power by Williams line graph method.
Wf
FHP BHP
IHP = BHP + FHP
BHP
Mechanical effeiciency = ×100∈%
IHP
2 ghm × ρw
Actual volume of the air drawn = Va = CdA
Where
√ ρa
×3600 cu . meter /hr
The Cd of the orifice = 0.62
The diameter of orifice = 17mm
Speed of the engine
Swept volume = Vs = Area of the cylinder x Stroke length x ×60
2
Actual Volume
Volumetric efficiency = ×100 %
Swept volume
Heat balance sheet:
Heat Input = Wf × Cv kcal/hr
Where Wf = Weight of the fuel consumed
Cv = Calorific value of the fuel in kcal/hr(diesel) = 11000kcal/kg
BHP × 4500 ×60
Heat equivalent to BHP = H1 = kcal/hr
427
Heat carried away by the engine jacket cooling water = H2
H2 = Mass of water flowing through the engine jacket (kg/hr) × Specific heat × difference in
temperature inlet to outlet
H2 = Mw ×Cp ×(TC5-TC1)
Specific heat of water = 1
TC5 = Engine jacket water outlet temperature.
TC1 = Engine jacket water inlet temperature.
Observation table:
Sl Speed Load Spring Time Manometer Temperature Remarks
No in RPM in Kg Balance In reading In oC
Reading sec
in Kg
H1 H2 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
1 1530 11 0.8 8.56 11.5 1.5 25 35 31 720 94 30
2 1510 15 1.2 7.35 11.5 1.5 25 36 31 700 99 29
3 1497 21 2.6 6.01 11.5 1.5 26 37 34 506 10 29
5
4 1422 25 3.2 7.81 11.5 1.5 27 35 33 300 95 27
