CS 302 (3001 (O) ) PDF

Name : ……………………………………………………………
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Roll No. : ………………………………………………………...
Invigilator's Signature : ……………………………………….
CS/B.Tech/ECE(O),EE(O),EEE(O),ICE(O),CSE(O),IT(O)/
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SEM-3/CS-302/2011-12
2011
DATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHMS
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Time Allotted : 3 Hours Full Marks : 70
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

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Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words
as far as practicable.
GROUP – A
( Multiple Choice Type Questions )
er.
1. Choose the correct alternatives for any ten of the following :

10 × 1 = 10
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i) The number of edges in a complete graph with 'n'
vertices is
a) n(n–1) b) n ( n – 1 )/2
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c) n2 d) 2 n – 1.
ii) Which of the following data structures is used to

a c.
implement recursion ?
a) Arrays b) Stacks
c) Queues d) Linked list.

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3001-(O) [ Turn over

CS/B.Tech/ECE(O),EE(O),EEE(O),ICE(O),CSE(O),IT(O)/SEM-3/CS-302/2011-12
iii) In what tree, for every node the heights of its left sub-
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tree and right sub-tree differ at least by one ?
a) Binary search tree
b) AVL tree
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c) Complete tree
d) Threaded binary tree.

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iv) Which traversal technique lists the nodes of a binary
search tree in ascending order ?
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a) Post-order b) Pre-order
c) In-order d) Linear order.
v) The equivalent postfix expression for d/( e + f ) + b ∗ c is

er.
a) defbc/++ b) def+/bc+ ∗
c) def+/bc ∗+ d) none of these.

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vi) If the postfix form of a string is ABC + – D ∗, the actual
string is
(A–(B+C))∗ D
ut .
a)
b) ((A–B)+C)∗ D
a c.
c) ((A+B)–C)∗ D
d) ( A + ( B – C ) ∗ D ).
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3001-(O) 2
vii) The following sequence of operations is performed on a

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stack :
push(1),push(2),pop,push(1),push(20,pop,pop,pop,
(push(2),pop.
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The sequene of popped out values is
a) 2, 2, 1, 2, 1 b) 2, 2, 1, 1, 2
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c) 2, 1, 2, 2, 1 d) 2, 1, 2, 2, 2.
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viii) A linear collection of data elements where the linear
node is given by means of pointer is called
a) Linked list b) Node list
c) Primitive list d) None of these.

er.
ix) p is a pointer to the structure. A member "mem" of that
structure is referenced by
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a) ∗p.mem b) (∗p).mem
c) ∗(p.mem) d) none of these.

ut .
x) In linked list representation a node contains at least
a) node address field, data field

a c.
b) node number field, data field
c) next address field, information field
d) none of these.
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3001-(O) 3 [ Turn over

xi) In quick sort a desirable choice for the partitioning

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element will be
a) first element of the list
b) last element of the list

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c) median of the list
d) none of these.
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xii) An adjacency matrix representation of a graph cannot
contain information of
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a) nodes b) edges
c) direction of edge d) parallel edge.
GROUP – B
( Short Answer Type Questions )
er.
Answer any three of the following. 3 × 5 = 15
2. Given a strictly binary tree with N leaves. Let 1 ( i ) for i = 1 to

N equals the level of ith leaf. Prove that Σ 1/(pow(2,1(i)) = 1.
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3. Discuss the advantages of doubly linked list as compared to

single linked list. Write an algorithm to append a new node
after the specified node in a doubly linked list. 1+4
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4. What are row-major order and column-major order

representations ? Find the address of element a ij , in both
representations. Given
a c.
Base address : B Width of each element : w

Row index 'i' is specified as : L r ≤ i ≤ U r
Column index 'j' is specified as : L c ≤ j ≤ U c . 2+3

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3001-(O) 4
5. a) Define O ( f ( n ) ), Ω ( g ( n ) ) and Θ ( h ( n ) ).
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b) Let f ( n ) = 4 n 2 – 5 n + 6 and g ( n ) = n 2
Show that f ( n ) = O ( g ( n ) ). 3+2

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6. How polynomials can be represented using linked list ? Write
an algorithm to add two polynomials. 1+4

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GROUP – C
( Long Answer Type Questions )
Answer any three of the following. 3 × 15 = 45
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7. a) Explain ADT ( Abstract Data Type ). Create the ADT list
to represent integer linked list. 2+2
b) Write the algorithms for the following in single linked

list : 4 + 4
er.
i) Delete a node with specified value from the list.
ii) Reverse the links of the list i.e. the first node
becomes last node.
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c) Compare and contrast Array & Linked List. 3
8. a) What is recursion ? Distinguish between primitive and

non-primitive recursions. What is tail recursion ?
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2+3+1
b) "Iteration is a better choice than recursion." Critically

comment on this statement. 4
a c.
c) A robot can make steps of three different lengths :

1 cm, 2 cm and 3 cm. Write a recursive algorithm to
find the number of different ways the robot can traverse
the distance d. 5
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9. a) Define General Tree and Binary Tree. Discuss how a

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binary tree is constructed from a given general tree. 4
b) Write the algorithm for comp_tree() which has two

arguments S, T and return TRUE if binary trees S and T
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are equal otherwise return FALSE. 3
c) Prove that for any non-empty binary tree T, if N 0 is the

number of terminal nodes and N 2 the number of nodes
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of degree 2, then N 0 = N 2 + 1. 4
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d) The pre-order and in-order traversals of a binary tree
are given below :
Pre-order : A B C D E F G H I
In-order : B C A E D G H F I
er.
Construct the tree. 4
10. a) What is priority queue ? Discuss various ways to

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represent priority queue. Write an algorithm to add an

ITEM with priority number N to a priority queue which
is maintained by a two-dimensional array QUEUE.
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2+2+3
b) Write the algorithm to convert an infix expression to

equivalent reverse-polish expression.
a c.
Use the following expression to illustrate the algorithm :
A∗(B+D)/E–F∗(G+H/K) X 5+3
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3001-(O) 6
11. a) Explain how divide and conquer technique is applied to

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quick sort algorithm. 2
b) Write the quick_sort() algorithm. 5
c) Analyze the algorithm in worst case, best case and

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average case situations. 6
d) State different ways of pivot selection. 2
12. a) Define the Fibonacci binary tree of order n as follows : If

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n = 0 or n = 1, the tree consists of a single node. If
n > 1, tree consists of a root with the Fibonacci tree of
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order n – 1 as left subtree and the Fibonacci tree of

order n – 2 as right subtree.
i) Is such tree a strictly binary tree ?
ii) What is the number of leaves of such tree for any

er.
value n ?
iii) What is the depth of the tree ?

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iv) Write a recurrence relation to calculate the total

number of nodes in the tree with proper initial
condition. 1+2+2+2
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b) What is DAG ? What do you mean by topological

ordering ? 2+2
c) Draw the DAG to represent the following arithmetic

a c.
expression : 4
( ( ( a + b ) ∗ c ) – ( d / ( a + b ) ) ) ≠ ( ( a + b ) ∗ c ).
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What are some of the important data structures covered in the document?

What are some of the important data structures covered in the document?

What is the difference between a stack and a queue?

What is the difference between a stack and a queue?

Name : ……………………………………………………………

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

1. Choose the correct alternatives for any ten of the following :

i) The number of edges in a complete graph with 'n'

ii) Which of the following data structures is used to

c) Queues d) Linked list.

3001-(O) [ Turn over

a) Binary search tree

d) Threaded binary tree.

c) In-order d) Linear order.

v) The equivalent postfix expression for d/( e + f ) + b ∗ c is

c) def+/bc ∗+ d) none of these.

vi) If the postfix form of a string is ABC + – D ∗, the actual

vii) The following sequence of operations is performed on a

node is given by means of pointer is called

a) Linked list b) Node list

c) Primitive list d) None of these.

ix) p is a pointer to the structure. A member "mem" of that

c) ∗(p.mem) d) none of these.

x) In linked list representation a node contains at least

a) node address field, data field

b) node number field, data field

c) next address field, information field

3001-(O) 3 [ Turn over

xi) In quick sort a desirable choice for the partitioning

a) first element of the list

b) last element of the list

c) direction of edge d) parallel edge.

Answer any three of the following. 3 × 5 = 15

2. Given a strictly binary tree with N leaves. Let 1 ( i ) for i = 1 to

3. Discuss the advantages of doubly linked list as compared to

4. What are row-major order and column-major order

Base address : B Width of each element : w

Column index 'j' is specified as : L c ≤ j ≤ U c . 2+3

Show that f ( n ) = O ( g ( n ) ). 3+2

an algorithm to add two polynomials. 1+4

b) Write the algorithms for the following in single linked

i) Delete a node with specified value from the list.

c) Compare and contrast Array & Linked List. 3

8. a) What is recursion ? Distinguish between primitive and

b) "Iteration is a better choice than recursion." Critically

c) A robot can make steps of three different lengths :

3001-(O) 5 [ Turn over

9. a) Define General Tree and Binary Tree. Discuss how a

b) Write the algorithm for comp_tree() which has two

c) Prove that for any non-empty binary tree T, if N 0 is the

Construct the tree. 4

10. a) What is priority queue ? Discuss various ways to

represent priority queue. Write an algorithm to add an

b) Write the algorithm to convert an infix expression to

Use the following expression to illustrate the algorithm :

11. a) Explain how divide and conquer technique is applied to

b) Write the quick_sort() algorithm. 5

c) Analyze the algorithm in worst case, best case and

d) State different ways of pivot selection. 2