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    Cardiac Tamponade

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    choobi
    Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid rapidly accumulates in the pericardial sac, increasing intrapericardial pressure and impairing heart function. Causes include effusions from infections, cancer, or bleeding. Symptoms include anxiety, dyspnea, elevated jugular vein pressure, and pulsus paradoxus. Diagnostic tests show widened mediastinum on chest x-ray and pericardial effusion on echocardiogram. Treatment involves pericardiocentesis, drainage of fluid, or creation of an opening to drain fluid if symptoms are severe.

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    Cardiac Tamponade

    Uploaded by

    choobi
    51 views2 pages
    Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid rapidly accumulates in the pericardial sac, increasing intrapericardial pressure and impairing heart function. Causes include effusions from infections, cancer, or bleeding. Symptoms include anxiety, dyspnea, elevated jugular vein pressure, and pulsus paradoxus. Diagnostic tests show widened mediastinum on chest x-ray and pericardial effusion on echocardiogram. Treatment involves pericardiocentesis, drainage of fluid, or creation of an opening to drain fluid if symptoms are severe.

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    Cardiac Tamponade

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    Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid rapidly accumulates in the pericardial sac, increasing intrapericardial pressure and impairing heart function. Causes include effusions from infections, cancer, or bleeding. Symptoms include anxiety, dyspnea, elevated jugular vein pressure, and pulsus paradoxus. Diagnostic tests show widened mediastinum on chest x-ray and pericardial effusion on echocardiogram. Treatment involves pericardiocentesis, drainage of fluid, or creation of an opening to drain fluid if symptoms are severe.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    51 views2 pages

    Cardiac Tamponade

    Uploaded by

    choobi
    Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid rapidly accumulates in the pericardial sac, increasing intrapericardial pressure and impairing heart function. Causes include effusions from infections, cancer, or bleeding. Symptoms include anxiety, dyspnea, elevated jugular vein pressure, and pulsus paradoxus. Diagnostic tests show widened mediastinum on chest x-ray and pericardial effusion on echocardiogram. Treatment involves pericardiocentesis, drainage of fluid, or creation of an opening to drain fluid if symptoms are severe.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Cardiac tamponade perforation by a catheter during cardiac or

    In cardiac tamponade, a rapid rise in central venous catheterization or after cardiac


    intrapericardial
    surgery)
    pressure impairs diastolic filling of
    • MI
    the heart. The rise in pressure usually results
    • Uremia
    from blood or fluid accumulation in the
    pericardial ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

    sac. • Anxiety

    If fluid accumulates rapidly, this condition • Diaphoresis

    is commonly fatal and necessitates emergency • Dyspnea

    lifesaving measures. Slow accumulation and • Hepatomegaly

    • Increased venous pressure


    rise in pressure, as in pericardial effusion

    associated with cancer, may not produce • Muffled heart sounds on auscultation

    immediate symptoms because the fibrous wall • Narrow pulse pressure

    • Jugular vein distention


    of the pericardial sac can gradually stretch to

    accommodate as much as 1 to 2 L of fluid. • Pallor or cyanosis

    CAUSES • Pulsus paradoxus (an abnormal inspiratory

    drop in systemic blood pressure greater than


    • Dressler’s syndrome

    • Effusion (in cancer, bacterial infections, 15 mm Hg)

    tuberculosis and, rarely, acute rheumatic • Reduced arterial blood pressure

    fever) • Restlessness

    • Hemorrhage from nontraumatic causes • Tachycardia

    (such as rupture of the heart or great vessels • Upright, leaning forward posture

    or anticoagulant therapy in a client with DIAGNOSTIC TEST RESULTS


    pericarditis) • Chest X-ray shows slightly widened
    • Hemorrhage from trauma (such as mediastinum

    gunshot or stab wounds of the chest and and cardiomegaly.


    • Echocardiography records pericardial effusion • Vitamin K in warfarin-induced cardiac

    with signs of right ventricular and atrial tamponade

    compression. INTERVENTIONS AND RATIONALES

    • ECG may reveal changes produced by If the client needs pericardiocentesis

    acute pericarditis. This test rarely reveals • Explain the procedure to the client to alleviate
    tamponade
    anxiety.
    but is useful to rule out other cardiac
    • Keep a pericardial aspiration needle
    disorders.
    attached to a 50-ml syringe by a threeway
    • Pulmonary artery catheterization detects
    stopcock, an ECG machine, and an
    increased right atrial pressure, right ventricular
    You think the
    diastolic pressure, and central venous
    NCLEX creates
    pressure (CVP).
    pressure? In cardiac
    NURSING DIAGNOSES
    tamponade, excess
    • Ineffective tissue perfusion:
    fluid puts so much
    Cardiopulmonary
    pressure on me, I
    • Anxiety
    may need emergency
    • Decreased cardiac output
    treatment.
    TREATMENT

    • Surgery: pericardiocentesis (needle aspiration

    of the pericardial cavity), surgical creation

    of an opening to drain fluid, or thora cotomy

    Drug therapy

    • Adrenergic agent: epinephrine

    • Heparin antagonist: protamine sulfate in

    heparin-induced cardiac tamponade

    • Inotropic agent: dopamine

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