bn we 40241-4519 A DOCUMENT NO. SUDIECT | SAFETY RELIEF REQUIREMENT. IN CASE OF EXCHANGER TUBE FAILURE, DESCRIPTION 1.0 PURPOSE ‘The purpose of this procedure is 1) olay down the criteria to ascortain the possiblity of exchanger tube faihure. 2) to decide when to install a relief device. 3) how tu specify the relief load and other conditions in the exchanget and PRV ‘sheet_ data 4) how to show the PRV with necessary features in P&ID. 20 SCOPE ‘This procedure stall apply by all tire engineers responsible for carrying out process design for a unit/offtites and wilities system - partivalarly involved: ‘inthe preparation Of the process data sheet of shell and tube heat exchangers, developing the P&I, relief load and safety devices. data sheets. 3.0 REFERENCES - 5-0241-0111 APLRB 521 410M.19 BIL 200 x-x GE EIL-0241-7451-1 Procedure for Preparation of Process Design Guidelines Process Data sheet for Heat Exchangers Sizing ~ sclection and installation of Pressure Relieving Deviees in Refineries . ~Crane Flow of Fluids, Technical Publications Process Data sheet for Safety Valve. Shit. 2of 14 ~Ree NONE 40. PROCRDURE. $1 GENERAL 5.1 As stated inthe ASME sce Vill Div}, a heat exchanger needs to be protected from the “internal. failure". The API RP 521 has gone ahead further to define this. “internal - failure” as 1) Keaking tubeftube. sheet to,a- 2) completé. tube supture In the Ist case . the fluid leaked in from HP to LPéside will be small and will be relieved through the LP side itself without opening the relief device. Ivis for the 2nd case-for which the felief deviee is tobe specified. . $.1.2- For complete tube rupture case, the model to. be assumed is that only-one tube is involved-and the tube breaks somewhere in the'middle to reveat two open ends. The flow rate calculated os, based on one tube crass sectional area’ will be doubled to as ~ obtain the total flow. This modet as proposed in the AP{ RP € 821 is adapted ‘universally by all. ‘major Ticensars. This is. the | | uifhethad ta be adopred forthe — steady state ¢ase. That is, both the HP and.the LP side. have attained their steady pressure (1a,..-Nalues (‘these pressutes will he explained Jater ) after the tube . | tupture. The basic orifice ( Crane Ltd. ) formulae with a ‘coefficient of 1.0 is to-be used for the calculation of the load. Although proposed in the APE-RP $21, no method is.given in sthis procedure , for the time being 16. caver the transient state * “Snalysis of overpressure. I is proposed tobe taken up at a later date and a separate set of guidelines will be issued: and merged with the present procedure.en GUIDELINES TO DECIDE WHEN A TUBE RUPTURE IS PROBABLE. Tube rupture is tobe. considered when ‘a) The design. pressure of the LP side is less than two-third of the design pressure of the HP side, b). The HP side siormal operating piessure is 1000’ psig ( 70 kg/cin? g) or more and contains a vapour or a liquid’ that:can flash or result in vaperisation of liquid on the LP side.This criteria t6 be applied regardless. of the pressure differential, Note the use of "design" pressure in the criteria a). A: slow developing leak. if present ( that is how most of the tube failures initinté ), will pass more fluid in case an exchanger attains the design pressure. The design pressure is also the only: reliable parameter of an exchanger - tather than. the operating pressire.The operating pressure may be different than the specified due ta changed . throughput, upsets , human error ete. “It has thus been decided to use the design pressure while applying the criteria a), Normally, the difference between the operating and the design pressure is not. much . However, there are situations when the difference hetween the design and operating Pressqre is Jarge. As for example. the setiling pressures for which the interstage coglets in multistage compressors.are désigned | It might happen that, for some of ‘the coolers the-eperating pressures of the process side is less than the cnoling medium pressures itself and yet the design pressure is higher. .\For these cases, the criteria may be telaxed ‘by considering the | operating pressure instead of design pressure. Process engineer must-carefully analyze the situation. in case ‘by case basis and mention this in the back up calculation. ‘The basis for the two ihitd-rule as mentioned inthe criteria a) is that the LP side can withstand a maximom pressure of 1.5. Page A OF 14