This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: D2485 − 18

Standard Test Methods for

Evaluating Coatings For High Temperature Service1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels

1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the heat- for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
resistant properties of coatings designed to protect steel sur- Related Coating Products
faces exposed to elevated temperatures during their service D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
life. Two test methods are described as follows: of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
Method A—Interior Service Coatings D1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
Method B—Exterior Service Coatings Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
a Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)3
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information D2200 Practice for Use of Pictorial Surface Preparation
only. Standards and Guides for Painting Steel Surfaces
G7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Test-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety ing of Nonmetallic Materials
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appro-
3. Summary of Test Methods
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1 Panels suitably coated with the material under test are
Specific hazard statements are given in Section 5. evaluated under one or both of two test methods depending on
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- the intended usage.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.1.1 Test Method A, Interior Service Coatings—Coated
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the panels are heated for 24 h in a muffle furnace at a temperature
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller. One panel is
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
plunged into water and the other cooled and then subjected to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
a bend test.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.2 Test Method B, Exterior Service Coatings—Coated
panels are subjected to temperatures that increase in steps from
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
205 to 425°C (400 to 800°F). One panel is subjected to salt
A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
spray for 24 h, and one is exposed outdoors for 12 months.
A283/A283M Specification for Low and Intermediate Ten-
sile Strength Carbon Steel Plates 3.2 When tests are completed, the panels are examined for
A285/A285M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Car- evidence of film degradation including rust formation,
bon Steel, Low- and Intermediate-Tensile Strength blistering, loss of adhesion, dulling, and chalking.
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
D522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached 4. Significance and Use
Organic Coatings
4.1 Some coating systems are developed for use over steel
that is exposed to high temperatures during service life. This
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on method provides an accelerated means of determining the
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct performance of these coating systems. Testing of coatings
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing. designed for interior service, and of coatings designed for
Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published March 2018. Originally
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D2485 – 91 (2013). exterior (weather-exposed) service is included.
DOI: 10.1520/D2485-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 D2485 − 18
5. Apparatus and loss of adhesion. Allow the second panel to cool at a room
5.1 Automatic spray equipment as described in Practices temperature of 24 6 2.5°C (75 6 5°F) for 1 h, then rapidly
D823 (Method A) or any other suitable method that will give bend at 180 degrees over a 12.7-mm (1⁄2-in.) diameter steel
the required uniformity of film and film thickness. mandrel with coated side uppermost in accordance with Test
Methods D522, Method B. Examine this panel in the bent area
5.2 Muffle furnace capable of maintaining the temperatures for evidence of film degradation such as cracking and loss of
described in 7.2 and 7.3. adhesion.
5.2.1 Warning—Due to the high temperatures involved in
operating the muffle furnace, extreme caution should be used. 7.3 Test Method B:
7.3.1 Expose duplicate coated panels finished with the
5.3 Salt spray apparatus as described in Practice B117.
materials under test to the elevated temperature test schedule
mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller. In
6. Panel Preparation
the absence of such a specified schedule use the following:
6.1 Type—Panel dimensions shall be established by prior 7.3.2 Place the panels in a muffle furnace maintained at a set
agreement between the purchaser and the seller. Use panels of point of 205°C (400°F) for 8 h, then increase the temperature
6.4 mm (1⁄4 in.) hot-rolled steel conforming to Specification to 260°C (500°F) for 16 h. Increase the temperature in 55°C
A36/A36M or Specification A283/A283M, or when (100°F) increments, alternating the time periods indicated, to
appropriate, Specification A285/A285M for the water quench the final temperature maximum previously agreed to between
test in Test Method A, and for all tests under Test Method B. the purchaser and the seller. Thus the schedule would be:
For the bend test in Test Method A, the panels must be thin and 205 6 3.5°C (400 6 6°F) for 8 h
soft enough to be bent as described in Test Methods D522. 260 6 5.0°C (500 6 9°F) for 16 h
6.2 Cleaning—Clean the panels for both test methods in 315 6 6.5°C (600 6 12°F) for 8 h
accordance with Practice D609, Methods B or D. Then, using 370 6 8.0°C (700 6 14°F) for 16 h
a fine silica sand (graded to pass through a No. 40 (425-µm) 425 6 9.5°C (800 6 17°F) for 8 h
sieve), blast the panels for Method B to “white” metal
NOTE 1—Many high temperature paints depend upon service conditions
(removing all mill scale and rust) so that the panels comply to provide the extreme heat required to cure or sinter their films. If these
with grade A SP-5 of Standard D2200. Other blast media and paints are never exposed to the extreme heat, they may be found to be
blast methods are acceptable if agreed upon between the buyer unsuitable. Consequently, it is good practice to make observations also at
and the seller. Blast-cleaned panels cannot be subjected to the temperatures less than the expected service temperatures.
bend test because they are too thick to bend. NOTE 2—The set point is the value programmed into the muffle furnace
temperature controller by the user. The 6 values above indicate the
6.3 Coatings Applications—Apply the coatings by auto- maximum allowable operational fluctuation of the temperature displayed
matic spray, Method A of Practices D823, or by any other on the controller during equilibrium conditions in the furnace. This
suitable method that will assure the required uniformity of film operational fluctuation is not an indication of uniformity in the furnace.
thickness. The number of coats, technique, and cycle for drying 7.3.3 Remove the test panels and make a visual inspection
between coats of multicoat systems, limits of dry film following exposure at each temperature level for evidence of
thickness, and drying time before exposure shall be established failure, including peeling, cracking, blistering, abnormal
by prior agreement between the purchaser and the seller. discoloration, or loss of adhesion, using ASTM standards
Determine dry film thickness in accordance with Test Methods where possible. Disregard such failures up to 6.4 mm (1⁄4 in.)
D1186. Allow coatings that air dry at ambient temperature to in from the edges of the test panels.
dry for 168 h at a temperature of 24 6 2.5°C (75 6 5°F) prior 7.3.4 At the end of the complete exposure, remove the
to exposing to test conditions. Bake coatings that require heat panels from the oven or muffle furnace and allow to air cool at
conversion in accordance with the recommendation of the ambient temperature for a minimum period of 1 h. As de-
supplier. scribed in 7.3.3, inspect for evidence of failure due to the high
temperature exposure.
7. Procedure 7.3.5 If both panels of each pair pass the heat test
7.1 Sampling—When panels have been coated at another satisfactorily, use them, respectively, for salt spray (fog) testing
location, select at random from different packages two speci- and exterior exposure testing.
mens for each method of each type of coating under investi- 7.3.5.1 Place one panel of each pair in a salt spray cabinet
gation. operated in accordance with the requirements of Practice B117,
7.2 Test Method A: for a period of 24 h. At the conclusion of the exposure period,
7.2.1 Place one panel each of the two types described in 6.1 examine each panel for rusting or any other evidence of
and 6.2 coated with each paint under test in a muffle furnace corrosive attack.
maintained at the test temperature mutually agreed upon 7.3.5.2 Expose the second panel of each pair on an
between the purchaser and the seller, and allow to remain for insulated-type rack, as described in Practice G7, or as agreed
24 h. At the end of this time plunge one of the panels upon between the purchaser and seller, for a period of 12
immediately into water maintained at 21 6 2.5°C (70 6 5°F). months. Make a visual inspection after 6 months and after
After removing from the water, examine the coating film for termination of the exposure. The site to conduct the test and the
evidence of film failure including dulling, blistering, cracking, angle of the exposure rack should be agreed upon between the

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 D2485 − 18
purchaser and the seller, and should relate to the end-use 8.1.3.3 Radiation data in terms of kilojoule per square metre
application of the coating. or langleys during exposure period, and
8.1.4 Any defects or changes as described under Section 7.
8. Report
9. Precision
8.1 Report the following information:
9.1 Four operators in four laboratories tested six materials
8.1.1 Description of substrates, substrate preparation, and covering a range of heat-resistant properties and were able to
application conditions used. rank products in order of their heat-resisting qualities. Since
8.1.2 Air drying and the baking schedule used. rankings were of a qualitative nature, no mathematical state-
8.1.3 Details of outdoor exposure when applicable, includ- ment of reproducibility was established.
ing:
8.1.3.1 Exposure site, type (insulated rack, black box, open 10. Keywords
rack, etc.) and angle of exposure, 10.1 heating tests; paints; resistance; heat; temperature tests;
8.1.3.2 Date of exposure start, elevated

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee D01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D2485-91(2013) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 1, 2018.)

(1) Section 7.2.1 — reversed callout of temperature so that SI (2) Section 7.3.2 — added “operational fluctuation” values for
units are default values. Also clarified the meaning of “double” operation of the muffle furnace along with operational fluctua-
bend to mean 180 degrees and evaluations to be performed in tion definition in Note 2.
the bent area of the specimen.

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