Gizmo Warm-up A paramecium is a one-celled organism that lives in ponds and other bodies of water. One of the challenges for a paramecium is to maintain a stable size and shape.
On the Paramecium Homeostasis Gizmo™, turn on the
Show labels checkbox. Try to determine the function of each of the labeled structures.
1. Which structure contain DNA? ____________________________________________
2. Which tiny structures help the paramecium to move around? _________________________
3. Which structure pumps out excess water and wastes? ______________________________
Get the Gizmo ready: Activity A: Select the User controlled setting. Maintaining a Check that the Water solute concentration is water balance 1.00%.
Introduction: Every organism needs to maintain stable internal conditions—a process known as homeostasis—in order to survive. A paramecium maintains homeostasis by responding to variations in the concentration of salt in the water in which it lives. (The concentration of a solution is equal to the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given amount of solvent.)
Question: How do changing solute concentrations affect a paramecium?
1. Predict: In the Paramecium Homeostasis Gizmo, the solute is salt and the solvent is water.
A. Look at the top left of the Gizmo. What is the water solute concentration? _________
A solute concentration of 1.00% means that for every 1 gram of water there is 0.01 grams of solute (salt).
B. What is the concentration of solutes inside the paramecium? _________
The water solution outside the paramecium is said to be hypotonic because it has a lower solute concentration than the solution inside the paramecium.
C. Based on the internal and external solute concentrations, do you think the paramecium will swell up or shrink in this solution? Explain your reasoning.
2. Observe: Click Play ( ), and observe the size of the paramecium.
A. What do you notice? __________________________________________________
B. What happens after about 16 seconds? ___________________________________
3. Observe: Click Reset ( ). Set the Water solute concentration to 2.00%. (This is a hypertonic solution because it has a higher solute concentration than the solution inside the paramecium.) Click Play. What happens to the volume of the paramecium now?
4. Infer: Water moves into and out of the paramecium by a process called osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water across a membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.
A. If the solute concentration in the water is low (hypotonic solution), does water move
into or out of the paramecium? __________________________________________
B. If the solute concentration in the water is high (hypertonic solution), does water move
into or out of the paramecium? __________________________________________
C. In which situation is the paramecium in danger of swelling up and bursting?
5. Experiment: The contractile vacuole is a star-shaped structure that helps the paramecium to pump out excess water. Click Reset, and set the Water solute concentration to 1.00%.
Click Play. When the contractile vacuole fills up, click Contract. Do this for a while, and then click Pause ( ).
A. How does contracting the vacuole affect the volume of the paramecium? _________
B. Click Play, and then click Contract many times rapidly. What happens? __________
___________________________________________________________________ Get the Gizmo ready: Activity B: Click Reset. Contractions and Select the Paramecium controlled setting on the concentrations DESCRIPTION tab.
Question: How does a paramecium respond to changing solute concentrations?
1. Form a hypothesis: How do you think the number of contractile vacuole contractions will change when the water solute concentration is reduced? Explain why you think so.
2. Gather data: Set the Water solute concentration to 2.00%. Click Play. Pause after 30 seconds. On the TABLE tab, add the total number of contractions. Record the results in the table below. Click Reset, and repeat this procedure for all of the listed concentrations.
Water solute concentration Contractions in 30 seconds
2.00% 1.50% 1.00% 0.50% 0.00%
3. Analyze: What pattern do you see in your data? How does this compare to your hypothesis?
4. Predict: How many contractions would you expect in 30 seconds if the water solute concentration was 0.75%? Test your prediction with the Gizmo.
Predicted contractions: __________ Actual contractions: __________
5. Think and discuss: Paramecia that live in fresh water have contractile vacuoles, while those that live in salt water do not. Why do you think this is the case?
