Magnetic Flux:: "Is The Space Around The Magnet in Which Magnetic

Magnetic Flux: :
“Is the space around the magnet in which magnetic

force are detected. It is represented by magnetic flux
lines.
Magnetic Flux lines: :

“Are imaginary lines representing the magnetic field "
 The density of mag. flux lines indicates strength of
magnetic field (what we call magnetic flux density )
 We can plot the magnetic flux pattern :By using , also we can
determine the direction of the magnetic field by using a .
 Uniform magnetic field : When the magnetic field is represented by
parallel and equally spaced magnetic flux lines.
Magnetic flux density (B):
"It is the number of magnetic flux lines
passing normally on unit area”
 Units: 𝒎𝟐
 It indicates the strength of the magnetic field.
∅m
 B= Units:
A sinθ
 magnetic flux ( ∅𝐦 ) cutting an area (A) :
 It's the number of flux lines passing
normally through a surface.
(∅𝒎 ) is measured in (wb).
 Flux ∅𝐦 : ∅𝐦 = 𝐀 𝐁 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 where (𝐀 ) area , (𝛉) angle between magnetic flux and coil
Mr. Samir 7 4 8 4 ‫ـــ‬ 1 ‫ ــــ‬Senior Master of Physics

The magnetic field of current carrying conductors in the form of:
1.A straight wire. 2. A circular loop. 3.A solenoid:
A straight wire circular loop solenoid
Using the iron fillings we Using iron fillings to map the mag. It is similar to the mag. field of
find that mag. flux Flux lines we find it is like short bar a bar magnet:
lines are: magnet:
Concentric circles
surrounding the wire
Close together near the
One face acts as north pole, other Magnetic flux lines form
wire and farther apart
from each other as the face as south pole closed paths inside and
distance from the outside the solenoid
𝑰
The mag. flux density changes Polarity: the side from which
wire increases 𝑩 ∝ the mag. Flux lines emerge is
𝒅 from Point to point. .
(So we must live away the north pole and the side
from high voltage towers). The mag. flux lines near the wire from which the flux lines
Become more crowded are ovals. reenter is the south pole.
as current intensity Inside the solenoid the mag.
The mag.flux lines at the center flux lines are parallel to the
Increases B α I
Mag. flux density at a of the loop are: straight parallel axis forming uniform
point distant (d) from mag.field given by:
lines μNI
the axis of the wire is given B= =μ n I
by : Ampere's circuital Perpendicular to the plane of the l
𝝁 𝑰 where I is length of solenoid
law. 𝑩 = coil. It 𝑵
𝟐𝝅 𝒅 and(𝒏 = )
𝒍
Where 𝝁 is the means the mag. field at the center is number of turns per unit
permeability of the uniform and its mag. flux density is length
medium ► Polarity of solenoid is
𝛍 𝐍𝐈 determined by:
𝝁𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝒐𝒓 𝒗𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒖𝒎 = 𝟒𝝅 × given by: 𝐁 =
𝟐 𝐫 1.Ampere right hand rule
𝟏𝟎−𝟕 𝒘𝒆𝒃/𝑨. 𝒎
Direction of mag. flux Direction of mag. flux lines is 2.Clock wise rule
lines is determined
by: Ampere right hand determined by:
rule 1.Ampere right hand rule
2.Clock wise rule

Rules to determine direction of mag.flux lines:
a) Representation of uniform magnetic field:
b) For a straight wire : Ampere’s Right- Hand rule:

Imagine the wire to be grasped in the right hand
with the thumb pointing along the wire in the
direction of the current, the direction of the
fingers will give the direction of the magnetic
field
c) at the center of the circular loop (coil) or Solenoid :
1. Clock wise rule : Look at one side of the coil, if the current
is rotating in clock wise direction, then it is the south
pole, if rotating in aNticlockwise direction it is
North pole.
2. Ampere’s Right- Hand rule : ( fingers ⊥ thmb)
Let the fingers of the right hand refer to the direction
of the current in any turn so the the direction of the
thmb refer to the direction of the flux
Question: Draw the arrows which indicate the direction of the field ?
N Iron core N N Iron core N

Ph. quantity Rule
Straight wire Circular coil Solenoid

Flux density (B) Iμ μNI μNI
B= B= B= =𝛍 𝐧 𝐈
2πd 2r L
Q VB n×e
Main Current (I) I= = =
t Z t
Current in branch 𝐈𝟏 × 𝐑 𝟏 = 𝐈𝟐 × 𝐑 𝟐 = 𝐈𝟏,𝟐 × 𝐑 𝟏,𝟐

I direction inside Outside Neutral point Force
Sub Add Inside
Bt of 2wires same Attraction
|𝐁𝟐 − 𝐁𝟏 | 𝐁𝟏 + 𝐁𝟐
Opposite
Length of wire θ
Nnumber of turn = =
Number of turns 2πr 360
𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒊𝒓𝒆 = 𝑵𝟏 𝟐𝝅 𝒓𝟏 = 𝑵𝟐 𝟐𝝅 𝒓𝟐 = 𝑵𝟑 𝟐𝝅 𝒓𝟑 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕.

I direction same Opposite Perpendicular
Bt of 2 coils
Bt 𝐁𝟏 + 𝐁𝟐 | 𝐁𝟐 − 𝐁𝟏 | √𝐁𝟐 𝟏 + 𝐁𝟐 𝟐
(1) 𝐁𝟏⇊ =⇈ 𝐁𝟐
(2) the result of the magnetic flux vanishes
(3) Near the small current
(4) Compass or magnetic needle not deflected
 Give Reasons: No neutral point is formed in case of 2 wires carrying currents

which flow in opposite direction?
Ans: The currents flowing through the 2 wires are equal in magnitude and opposite
in direction, :. At any point outside them the magnetic field intensity of one of them
Is always > that of the other. The fields between them have the same direction.
C Combination of two magnetic fields:
I- Two mag. Fields in same 2- Two mag. fields in opposite 3.Two mag, fields are
directions directions perpendicular to each other
B1 B2 B1 B
B1 B2
B2
𝐁 = 𝐁𝟏 + 𝐁𝟐 B=|B2 -B1 | B=√B2 1 +B2 2
Because 𝝁𝒊𝒓𝒐𝒏 > 𝝁𝒂𝒊𝒓

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Magnetic Flux: :

“Is the space around the magnet in which magnetic

Magnetic Flux lines: :

Mr. Samir 7 4 8 4 ‫ـــ‬ 1 ‫ ــــ‬Senior Master of Physics

Mr. Samir 7 4 8 4 ‫ـــ‬ 2 ‫ ــــ‬Senior Master of Physics

b) For a straight wire : Ampere’s Right- Hand rule:

N Iron core N N Iron core N

Mr. Samir 7 4 8 4 ‫ـــ‬ 3 ‫ ــــ‬Senior Master of Physics

Straight wire Circular coil Solenoid

Current in branch 𝐈𝟏 × 𝐑 𝟏 = 𝐈𝟐 × 𝐑 𝟐 = 𝐈𝟏,𝟐 × 𝐑 𝟏,𝟐

𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒊𝒓𝒆 = 𝑵𝟏 𝟐𝝅 𝒓𝟏 = 𝑵𝟐 𝟐𝝅 𝒓𝟐 = 𝑵𝟑 𝟐𝝅 𝒓𝟑 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕.

 Give Reasons: No neutral point is formed in case of 2 wires carrying currents

Because 𝝁𝒊𝒓𝒐𝒏 > 𝝁𝒂𝒊𝒓

Mr. Samir 7 4 8 4 ‫ـــ‬ 4 ‫ ــــ‬Senior Master of Physics

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