Quantitative Problems Chapter 12
Quantitative Problems Chapter 12
Quantitative Problems Chapter 12
1. Compute the required monthly payment on a $80,000 30year, fixedrate mortgage with a
nominal interest rate of 5.80%. How much of the payment goes toward principal and interest
during the first year?
Solution: The monthly mortgage payment is computed as:
N 360; I 5.8/12; PV 80,000; FV 0
Compute PMT; PMT $469.40
The amortization schedule is as follows:
2. Compute the face value of a 30year, fixedrate mortgage with a monthly payment of
$1,100, assuming a nominal interest rate of 9%. If the mortgage requires 5% down, what is
maximum house price?
Solution: The PV of the payments is:
N 360; I 9/12; PV 1100; FV 0
Compute PV; PV 136,710
The maximum house price is 136,710/0.95 $143,905
3. Consider a 30year, fixedrate mortgage for $100,000 at a nominal rate of 9%. If the
borrower wants to payoff the remaining balance on the mortgage after making the 12th
payment, what is the remaining balance on the mortgage?
Solution: The monthly mortgage payment is computed as:
N 360; I 9/12; PV 100,000; FV 0
Compute PMT; PMT $804.62
The amortization schedule is as follows:
4. Consider a 30year, fixedrate mortgage for $100,000 at a nominal rate of 9%. If the
borrower pays an additional $100 with each payment, how fast with the mortgage payoff?
Solution: The monthly mortgage payment is computed as:
N 360; I 9/12; PV 100,000; FV 0
Compute PMT; PMT $804.62
The borrower is sending in $904.62 each month. To determine when the loan will
be retired:
PMT 904.62; I 9/12; PV 100,000; FV 0
Compute N; N 237, or after 19.75 years.
5. Consider a 30year, fixedrate mortgage for $100,000 at a nominal rate of 9%. A S&L issues
this mortgage on April 1 and retains the mortgage in its portfolio. However, by April 2,
mortgage rates have increased to a 9.5% nominal rate. By how much has the value of the
mortgage fallen?
Solution: The monthly mortgage payment is computed as:
N 360; I 9/12; PV 100,000; FV 0
Compute PMT; PMT $804.62
In a 9.5% market, the mortgage is worth:
N 360; I 9.5/12; PMT $804.62; FV 0
Compute PV; PV $95,691.10
The value of the mortgage has fallen by about $4,300, or 4.3%
6. Consider a 30year, fixedrate mortgage for $100,000 at a nominal rate of 9%. What is the
duration of the loan? If interest rates increase to 9.5% immediately after the mortgage is
made, how much is the loan worth to the lender?
Solution: The monthly mortgage payment is computed as:
N 360; I 9/12; PV 100,000; FV 0
Compute PMT; PMT $804.62
The duration calculation is exactly the same as those done in previous chapters.
However, there are 360 payments to consider. Using a spreadsheet package, the
duration can be calculated as 108 months, or roughly 9 years.
i 0.005
P Duration P 9 100,000 $4,128
1 i 1.09
From the interest rate change, the value of the mortgage has dropped by over
4.1%.
7. Consider a 5year balloon loan for $100,000. The bank requires a monthly payment equal to
that of
a 30year fixedrate loan with a nominal annual rate of 5.5%. How much will the borrower
owe when the balloon payment is due?
Solution: The required payment is computed as:
N 360; I 5.5/12; PV 100,000; FV 0
Compute PMT; PMT $567.79
The amortization schedule is as follows:
8. A 30year, variablerate mortgage offers a firstyear teaser rate of 2%. After that, the rate
starts at 4.5%, adjusted based on actual interest states. The maximum rate over the life of the
loan is 10.5%, and the rate can increase by no more than 200 basis points a year. If the
mortgage is for $250,000, what is the monthly payment during the first year? Second year?
What is the maximum payment during the 4th year? What is the maximum payment ever?
Solution: The required payment for the 1st year is computed as:
N 360; I 2/12; PV 250,000; FV 0
Compute PMT; PMT $924.05
The required payment for the 2nd year is computed as:
N 348; I 4.5/12; PV $243,855.29; FV 0
Compute PMT; PMT $1,255.84
The maximum required payment for the 4th year is computed as:
N 324; I 8.5/12; PV $236,551.31; FV 0
Compute PMT; PMT $1,865.02
The maximum possible payment would occur in the 5th year if the 10.5% rate is
required. The payment would be:
N 312; I 10.5/12; PV $234,187.24; FV 0
Compute PMT; PMT $2,193.93
9. Consider a 30year, fixedrate mortgage for $500,000 at a nominal rate of 6%. What is the
difference in required payments between a monthly payment and a bimonthly payment
(payments made twice
a month)?
Solution: The required payment for monthly payments is computed as:
N 360; I 6/12; PV 500,000; FV 0
Compute PMT; PMT $2,997.75
The required payment for bimonthly payments is computed as:
N 720; I 6/24; PV 500,000; FV 0
Compute PMT; PMT $1,498.21
Notice that this save about $1.33/month. Often times, mortgages with bimonthly
payments (automatically debited from your checking account) will offer a lower
rate as well.
10. Consider the following options available to a mortgage borrower:
12. Two mortgage options are available: a 30year fixedrate loan at 6% with no discount points,
and a 30year fixedrate loan at 5.75% with 1 discount point. How long do you have to stay
in the house for the mortgage with points to be a better option? Assume a $100,000
mortgage.
Solution: The two loans have the same effective rate at the point of indifference.
30year fixedrate loan at 6% with no discount points
This option has an effective monthly rate of 0.5%. Use this to back into N, as
follows:
N 360; PV 99,000; FV 0; I 6/12
Compute PMT; PMT 593.55
I 5.75/12; PV $100,000; FV 0; PMT 593.55
Compute N; N 345
You will have to live in the house for more than 345 months (28.75 years) for the
mortgage with points to be a cheaper option.
13. Two mortgage options are available: a 30year fixedrate loan at 6% with no discount points,
and
a 30year fixedrate loan at 5.75% with points. If you are planning on living in the house for 12
years, what is the most you are willing to pay in points for the 5.75% mortgage? Assume a
$100,000 mortgage.
Solution: 30year fixedrate loan at 6% with no discount points
This option has an effective monthly rate of 0.5%.
I 6.0/12; PV $100,000; FV 0; N 360
Compute PMT; PMT 599.55
Use this to back into points, as follows:
I 5.75/12; PV $100,000; FV 0; N 360
Compute PMT; PMT 583.57
The difference over 12 years is worth:
N 244; FV 0; I 6/12; PMT 599.55 583.57
Compute PV; PV 2,249.65
If the points on the 5.75% loan are less than 2.249, the 5.75% mortgage is a
cheaper option over the life of the loan.
14. A mortgage on a house worth $350,000 requires what down payment to avoid PMI
insurance?
Solution: $350,000 20% $70,000. With this down payment, home owners are usually
allowed to make their own property tax payments, instead of including it with
their monthly mortgage payment.
15. Consider a sharedappreciation mortgage (SAM) on a $250,000 mortgage with yearly
payments. Current market mortgage rates are high, running at 13%, 10% of which is annual
inflation. Under the terms of the SAM, a 15year mortgage is offered at 5%. After 15 years,
the house must be sold, and the bank retains $400,000 of the sale price. If inflation remains
at 10%, what are the cash flows to the bank? To the owner?
Solution: The discounted payment is calculated as:
I 5; PV $250,000; FV 0; N 15
Compute PMT; PMT 24,085.57
The full payment is calculated as:
I 13; PV $250,000; FV 0; N 15
Compute PMT; PMT 38,685.45
So, the bank is accepting a lower payment of $14,599.87 per year. In terms of
dollars today, this is worth:
I 13%; PMT 14,599.87; N 15; FV 0
Compute PV; PV 94,349.92
The expected house price is $250,000 (1.10)15 1,044,312
The owner will retain $644,312.
The bank will retain $400,000.
For offering the lower rate, the bank is earning a rate of:
N 15; PV 94,349.92; FV 400,000, PMT 0
Compute I; I 10.11%, or slightly better than the rate of inflation.