Model 1000/500

Constant Voltage
Power Supply

Instruction
Manual

Catalog Numbers
165-4710,
165-4711

For Technical Service

Call Your Local Bio-Rad Office or
in the U.S. Call 1-800-4BIORAD
(1-800-424-6723)
 Table of Contents
Page

Section 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................1

1.1 Preface ........................................................................................................................1
1.2 Safety ..........................................................................................................................1
1.3 Specifications .............................................................................................................2
1.4 Diagram and Description of Membrane Control Pad................................................3
1.5 Description of LED Displays.....................................................................................4
Section 2 Operation ......................................................................................................4
2.1 Standard Mode Operation ..........................................................................................4
2.2 Time Mode Operation ................................................................................................5
2.3 Volt-hour Mode Operation.........................................................................................6
2.4 Programmable Step Mode Operation ........................................................................7
Section 3 Special Features............................................................................................9
3.1 Monitoring Ultra-low Currents for IEF Experiments................................................9
3.2 Monitoring Time Parameters ...................................................................................10
3.3 Checking Buffer Conductivity.................................................................................10
Section 4 Troubleshooting .........................................................................................11
Section 1
Introduction
1.1 Preface
Bio-Rad’s Model 1000/500 microprocessor-controlled power supply provides constant
voltage to dual-output jacks under a variety of operating conditions. Voltage is continuously
adjustable from 5-1,000 volts, producing up to 250 watts of power. Current limits can be set
from 0-500 milliamperes. The Model 1000/500 is a truly versatile power supply, being capa-
ble of providing the voltage for IEF, the current for multiple PAGE gels, and the control
required for experimental reproducibility.
Features of the Model 1000/500 Power Supply:
• Programmable step functions which automatically alter the power conditions with no
need to touch the supply
• Current measurement to 10 microamperes for monitoring focusing experiments to comple-
tion
• Volt-hour integration and/or volt-hour control for experimental reproducibility
• No-load detection systems to insure safe operation
• Dual LED readouts for monitoring current and voltage simultaneously
• Continuous monitoring of load resistance, power output, time, and volt-hours during the run

1.2 Safety
Caution: The Model 1000/500 Power Supply runs at high voltages and should be oper-
ated only by qualified personnel. Do not assume that once the power supply is turned
off, the voltage output will instantly drop to zero. Depending upon the resistive load,
the output to an electrophoretic apparatus may take a number of minutes to completely dis-
sipate after the run is terminated. Additionally, if the power supply is run at a high volt-
age, then turned off and disconnected from the electrophoretic apparatus, the internal
dissipation of the output may take up to 15 minutes. Read this instruction manual thor-
oughly before using the power supply.
1. Always connect the power supply to a separate 3-prong, grounded AC outlet. Handle
only one lead wire at a time when connecting a load to the power supply.
2. For the internal cooling fan to function properly, the sides of the power supply require 6
cm or more of clearance. DO NOT BLOCK THE FAN.
3. Do not operate the Model 1000/500 Power Supply in extreme humidity, or where con-
densation can short the electrical elements.
4. Before operating the power supply in a cold-room, wrap it in a plastic bag and let it equi-
librate to temperature for 2 or more hours. After thermal equilibration remove the supply
from the bag and begin operation. Follow the same procedure for re-equilibration to room
temperature.
Note: The Model 1000/500 Power Supply will perform at temperatures between 0° and
35° C. It has also passed tests for operation with humidity between 0 and 95% under con-
ditions where condensation is absent. Operating the power supply outside of these con-
ditions is not recommended, and will void the warranty.
5. Do not store any item on top of the power supply.

1
1.3 Specifications
Output
Voltage: 5-1,000 VDC
Current: 0-500 mA
Power: 0-250 watts
Output terminals Dual output jacks in parallel
Limits
Voltage: 5-1,000 volts, 1 V step
Current: 0.01-500 milliamps, 0.01 mA step
Power: 1-250 watts, 1 W step
Automatic crossover upon reaching limit
Set point accuracy (output and limit)
Voltage: ± 1% 0-1,000 VDC
Current: ± 1% 0.0000 10-500 mA
Power: ± 1% 0-250 W
Display format Dual LED readouts
Programmability Three steps in continuous sequence, either time or
volt-hour limited
Timer control 0.01-1,000 hours, 0.01 hour steps, continuously
adjustable
Volt-hour control 0-1,000,000 volt-hours, 10.0 volt-hour steps, con-
tinuously adjustable
Overload and short protection Fuse, and internal limits
No-load detection LED display and alarm
Line regulation ± 0.5% at 1,000 VDC
Load regulation ± 2% with 50% change in load
RMS ripple and noise Less than 2% at 1,000 VDC and 250 W
Drift ± 0.5% after 30 minutes
Operating temperature 0-35° C
Line voltage frequency 100/120 V Model 90-132 VAC (47-63 Hz)
220/240 V Model 198-264 VAC (47-53 Hz)
Dimensions (W x L x H) 16.5 x 31 x 13.5 cm
Weight 2.8 kg

2
1.4 Diagram and Description of Membrane Control Pad

MODEL 1000/500
POWER SUPPLY
SET ACTUAL CONSTANT
VOLTS
VOLTS/CURR CURRENT
1 DISPLAY POWER
4
PAUSE
2 VOLTS CURR POWER TIME V-H RESIST
3
(milliamps) (watts) (hours) (x 1000) (K ohms) STD T/V-H S1 S2 S3
6
5
7 SELECT RAISE LOWER PROGRAM RUN/STOP

12
8 PAUSE 11
9 10

WARNING
13 HIGH VOLTAGE

1. LED display #1 Displays voltage, current, power, time, and volt-hour param-
eters for setting prior to a run. During the run it displays set
values for any of the parameters. When the display indicator
light is lit, the actual voltage is displayed.
2. Display indicator light When lit, LED displays show actual voltage (volts) and current
(milliamperes).
3. LED display #2 Displays current during run when the display indicator light
is lit. Displays actual values during a run for all other param-
eters including resistance. Warning information is also dis-
played here.
4. Control indicator lights Indicate which running parameter is in constant operation (volt-
age, current, power). Show when the pause mode is in effect.
5. Parameter indicator Indicate which parameter (volts, current, power, resistance, lights
time, volt-hours) the LED displays are currently showing.
6. Program indicator Indicate under which program mode the power supply is lights
currently operating, (standard, timer control, or step mode).
7. SELECT Press either select button once to step parameter indicator lights
in desired direction. Press and hold either button for quick step
movements.
8. PAUSE Pressing both select buttons simultaneously activates the pause
mode.
9. RAISE Press this button to adjust parameters upwards.
10. LOWER Press this button to adjust parameters downward.
11. PROGRAM Rotates through program modes. Press and hold for quick step
movements.

3
 12. RUN/STOP Will start or stop power supply when pressed. Resumes supply
when in pause mode.
13. Output Terminals Connect leads from electrophoresis apparatus here.

1.5 Description of LED Displays

1. 1.0t - Signifies a display value of 1,000.
2. n Ld - No load warning. See Section 4, Troubleshooting.
3. O L/ O V - Overload warning. See Section 4, Troubleshooting.
4. End - Signifies that a time parameter has elapsed and the run has ended.
5. OFF - Identifies parameters which are off.
6. PSE - Indicates that the PAUSE mode is in effect.

Section 2
Operation
2.1 Standard Mode Operation
General Application: The Standard Mode Operation is used in basic electrophoretic exper-
iments where the length of the run is not important. In this mode the supply is programmed
to run in either constant voltage, current, or power within set limits. To set the power supply
for Standard Mode Operation, follow the steps indicated below.

Power On
1. Turn on the power supply using the switch located on the right side of the unit. The power
supply will default to the DISPLAY setting, showing that both the voltage and current are
off, and to the STD (standard) program mode.

Setting Limits
Note: While setting the running conditions for any of the four Operation Modes, all set
values will be displayed in the left LED. The right LED will continue to read OFF. After
START has been pressed, the set values for running parameters will still be displayed in
the left LED, while the actual value will be displayed in the right LED.
2. Press, or press and hold, either of the select buttons until the parameter indicator light is
at VOLTS. Press RAISE until the desired voltage limit is reached. If the desired voltage
is overrun, press LOWER to adjust the limit.
3. Press the right select button once to set the current limit. The current limit default is 500
milliamperes. Press LOWER until the desired current limit is reached.
4. Press the right select button once again to set the power limit. The power default is 250
watts. Press LOWER until the desired power value is reached.
5. To change any individual parameter, press, or press and hold, the appropriate select but-
ton until the Parameter Indicator Light is on the desired parameter. Press and hold RAISE
or LOWER to set the correct value.
Note: The power supply will run at constant voltage unless the resistive load exceeds the
current or power limits set at step 3 and step 4. To run the power supply under constant
current, set the voltage and power limits at their maximum or at a value high enough to

4
 insure constant current operation. To run under constant power, set the voltage and cur-
rent limits in the same way to insure constant power operation.

Starting the Run

6. Press the right select button until the parameter indicator light is on DISPLAY. This
allows the monitoring of the actual voltage (volts) and current (milliamperes) during a
run. Alternatively, any individually set parameter value can be viewed with its actual
value during the run.
7. Attach the leads of the electrophoresis cell to the power supply. Press RUN. The power
supply will run indefinitely until either PAUSE or STOP is pushed. Once the output of the
power supply has reached the set limits, the control indicator lights will monitor which run-
ning parameter is held constant. Depending upon electrophoretic conditions, more than
one control indicator light may be lit at once.

Interrupting the Run

Any manipulation of the electrophoretic cell, or change of running parameters can be
done in the PAUSE mode, where all run parameters are frozen, and the output drops to zero.
The right LED will display PSE in every parameter except VOLTS, which will show the
actual voltage decreasing to zero. With the parameter indicator light on DISPLAY, the right
LED will show PSE while the left LED will show the actual voltage decreasing. Press RUN
and the experiment proceeds from the point of interruption.

Stopping the Run

There are two ways to turn off the power supply.
1. The power supply can be turned off using the STOP button. When the STOP button is
pushed, the Display Indicator Light will come on, and the left LED will show the output
voltage dissipating while the right LED shows OFF. Using this method preserves the
running parameters which have been set. To start another experiment using the same run-
ning parameters, press RUN.
2. Alternatively, the power supply can be turned off by turning the power switch off. This
automatically resets all parameters to their default values.
Note: When the stop button is used to terminate a run in the Standard Operation Mode,
the total elapsed time and volt-hours of the experiment are retained in the power supply’s
memory. This information can be accessed by pressing either select button until either
the TIME or V-HR indicator light is lit. If RUN or PROGRAM is pushed, or the power
switch is turned off, this information is lost.

2.2 Time Mode Operation

General Application: The Model 1000/500 Power Supply can operate at constant voltage,
current, or power for a set time period. The power supply automatically shuts off and the
alarm sounds after a set period has elapsed. To set the supply for timer-controlled operation,
follow the steps outlined below.

Power On
1. Turn on the power supply using the switch located on the right side of the unit. The power
supply will default to the DISPLAY setting, showing that both the voltage and current are
off, and to the STD (Standard) program mode.

5
Setting Time Program Mode
2. Press, or press and hold, the program button until T/VH is lit. In this mode, the time con-
trol parameters (time or volt-hour) are functional.
Set limits as described in Section 2.1.

Set the Timer

3. Press, or press and hold, either select button until the Parameter Indicator Light is on
TIME. Press RAISE until the desired time value is reached.

Starting the Run

4. Press the right select button until the parameter indicator light is on DISPLAY. This
allows the monitoring of the actual voltage (volts) and current during a run. Alternatively,
any individual set parameter value can be viewed with its actual value during the run.
5. Attach the leads of the electrophoresis cell to the power supply. Press RUN. Once the
output of the power supply has reached the set limit(s), the Control Indicator Lights will
monitor which running parameter is held constant. Depending upon electrophoretic con-
ditions, more than one control indicator light may be lit at once.
The power supply will run until the set time elapses, at which point the alarm will sound
and the display indicator light will come on showing the output voltage dissipating in the left
LED while the word End will appear in the right LED display.

Interrupting the Run

Any manipulation of the electrophoretic cell, or change of running parameters can be
done in the PAUSE mode, where all run parameters are frozen, and the output drops to zero.
The right LED will display PSE in every parameter except VOLTS, which will show the
actual voltage decreasing to zero. With the parameter indicator light on DISPLAY, the right
LED will show PSE while the left LED will show the actual voltage decreasing. Press RUN
and the experiment proceeds from the point of interruption. If premature termination of a
time program run is desired, STOP can be pressed.

Terminating the Alarm

The end-of-run alarm can be terminated by pressing any key once. Do not, however, press
PROGRAM or RUN/STOP. Pressing any one of these two buttons will cause an unwanted
restart and/or loss of stored experiment values.

2.3 Volt-hour Mode Operation

General Application: The Model 1000/500 power supply can operate at constant volt-
age, current, or power for a set number of volt-hours. Using this mode, the power supply con-
tinuously integrates the voltage as a function of time and reports this value in volt-hours.
Reproducibility in electrophoresis experiments can be obtained by running experiments for an
identical number of volt-hours. To set the Model 1000/500 Power Supply for volt-hour oper-
ation, follow the steps below.

Power On
1. Turn on the power supply using the switch located on the right side of the unit. The power
supply will default to the DISPLAY setting, showing that both the voltage and current are
off, and to the STD (Standard) program mode.

6
Setting Volt-hour Program Mode
2. Press, or press and hold, the program button until T/VH is lit. In this mode, the time-con-
trol parameters (time or volt-hour) are functional.
Set limits as described in Section 2.1.

Setting Volt-hour Limit

3. Press, or press and hold, either of the select buttons until the parameter indicator light is
on V-H. Press RAISE until the desired volt-hour value is reached. Displayed volt-hours
are expressed in thousandths of the actual elapsed number of volt-hours. The volt-hour
value can be changed at any point during the run without pausing or stopping the power
supply.

Starting the Run

4. Press the right select button until the parameter indicator light is on DISPLAY. This
allows the monitoring of the actual voltage (volts) and current (milliamperes) during a
run. Alternatively, any individual set parameter value can be viewed with its actual value
during the run.
5. Attach the leads of the electrophoresis cell to the power supply. Press RUN. Once the
output of the power supply has reached the set limit(s), the Control Indicator Lights will
monitor whichever running parameter is being held constant. Depending upon electro-
phoretic conditions, more than one control indicator light may be lit at once.
The power supply will run until the set volt-hour recording is reached. At this point, the
alarm will sound and the word End will appear in the right LED display.

Interrupting the Run

Any manipulation of the electrophoretic cell, or change of running parameters can be
performed in the PAUSE mode. In the PAUSE mode, all run parameters including volt-hour
integration are frozen, and the output drops to zero. The right LED will display PSE in every
parameter except VOLTS, which will show the actual voltage decreasing to zero. With the
parameter indicator light on DISPLAY, the right LED will show PSE while the left LED will
show the actual voltage decreasing. Press RUN and the experiment proceeds from the point
of interruption. If premature termination of a volt-hour program run is desired, the stop but-
ton can be pressed.

Terminating the Alarm

The end-of-run alarm can be terminated by pressing any key once. Do not, however, press
PROGRAM or RUN/STOP. Pressing any one of these two buttons will cause an unwanted
restart and/or loss of stored experiment values.

2.4 Programmable Step Mode Operation

General Application: The step mode allows up to three different sets of running conditions
to be programmed and run in sequence. The power supply will automatically switch to the next
program, and turn itself off at the end of the last sequence, or at any step where no time, or volt-
hour control set value has been entered. Either a time or volt-hour control can be used in each
sequence of the step function. To set the Programmable Step Function Mode, follow the
steps outlined below.

7
Power On
1. Turn on the power supply using the switch located on the right side of the unit. The power
supply will default to the DISPLAY setting (showing that both the voltage and current are
off) and to the STD (Standard) program mode.

Setting the Step Mode

2. In the programmable step mode a programmed sequence can be started in any of the steps
S1, S2, or S3. In this mode, the time parameters (time or volt-hour) are functional and the
power supply will step to the next program. For instance, if a two-step program sequence
is desired, time-controlled parameters (time or volt-hours) can be set for program steps S1
and S2, while the time and volt-hour control parameters for step S3 remain off. With this
sequence, the power supply is started in step S1 and will automatically switch to step S2,
and then to step S3. At step S3, the power supply immediately shuts off because a time
parameter was not entered. Alternatively, a two-step sequence could be started in step
S2, automatically switch to step S3, and turn off at the completion of step S3. For a three-
step program, parameters for all three steps are entered. At the end of step S3 the supply
will shut off and the right LED display will show End.

Programming a Two-step Sequence

3. To operate the power supply in a two-step sequence, follow steps a through f outlined
below.
(a) To set the first step of a two-step programming sequence, press or press and hold
PROGRAM until S1 is lit.
(b) Set limits as described in Section 2.1.
(c) Set Time Control.
Press or press and hold either select button until the parameter indicator light is on
the desired time-control parameter, TIME or VH. Press RAISE until the desired
value is reached. (Note: Setting one time-control parameter automatically turns off
the other time parameter to insure that the run is not terminated prematurely.)
(d) Press PROGRAM button so S2 will be lit.
(e) Repeat steps (b) and (c) above, setting the desired running parameters for step two
of the sequence.
(f) The default value for the time-control parameters is zero. Unless the power supply
was switched on immediately before programming, it is recommended that the time
and volt-hour control for step S3 be checked to insure that they are off. Press PRO-
GRAM once so S3 will be lit. Press or press and hold either select button until the
Parameter Indicator Light is on TIME or VH. Both time parameters should read
OFF, or 0.00, so that when the power supply switches to S3 it will shut off.

Programming a Three-step Sequence

4. To program the power supply to operate in a three-step sequence, follow steps a through c.
(a) Follow steps (a) through (e) above.
(b) Press PROGRAM once so S3 will be lit.
(c) Follow steps (b) and (c) above.

8
 Starting the Run
5. After programming either the two- or three-step program sequence, press PROGRAM
until the Program Indicator Light is on S1.
6. Press the right select button until the Parameter Indicator Light is on DISPLAY. This
allows the monitoring of the actual voltage (volts) and current (milliamperes) during a
run. Alternatively, any individual set parameter value can be viewed with its actual value
during the run.
7. Attach the leads of the electrophoresis cell to the power supply. Press RUN. The Program
Indicator Lights will identify which step of your programmed sequence the power sup-
ply is running at any moment. The Control Indicator Lights will monitor which running
parameter is held constant during each step. Depending upon electrophoretic conditions,
more than one control indicator light may be lit at once. The power supply steps from
S1-S2-S3 at which point the alarm will sound and the word End will appear in the right
LED display.

Interrupting the Run

Any manipulation of the electrophoretic cell, or any change of running parameters can be
done in the PAUSE mode. In the PAUSE mode, all run parameters, including volt-hour inte-
gration, are frozen and the output drops to zero. The right LED will display PSE in every
parameter except VOLTS, which will show the actual voltage decreasing to zero. With the
parameter indicator light on DISPLAY, the right LED will show PAUSE while the left LED
will show the actual voltage decreasing. Press RUN and the experiment proceeds from the
point of interruption. If premature termination of a step program run is desired, STOP can be
pressed.

Terminating the Alarm

The end-of-run alarm can be terminated by pressing any key once. Do not, however, press
PROGRAM or RUN/STOP. Pressing any one of these two buttons will cause an unwanted
restart and/or loss of stored experiment values.
Note: The programmed step function values are only maintained in the power supplies as
long as the power supply remains plugged in and switched on. When the power supply is
switched on and showing OFF in both LED displays, it only draws current equivalent to
a night lamp. Any interruption of AC current will cause the power supply to default to
original start-up values.

Section 3
Special Features
3.1 Monitoring Ultra-low Currents for IEF Experiments
Near the completion of an isoelectric focusing run, it is difficult to identify whether the
experiment is finished unless the power supply can monitor current down to the microam-
pere level. The Model 1000/500 Power Supply is uniquely capable of providing this valu-
able information. During a typical isoelectric focusing run, the current initially increases until
the macromolecules approach their steady-state pH positions. At this point, the current drops
and eventually levels off at the microampere level. Monitoring when this low plateau of cur-
rent is reached is the best means of identifying completion of an isoelectric focusing experi-
ment. Accurately monitoring current to completion in an IEF experiment also prevents
potential loss of resolution due to overfocusing.

9
 The current can be monitored to ultra-low levels when the DISPLAY Indicator Light is
lit. Alternatively, SELECT can be pushed until the CURR parameter indicator light is lit.

3.2 Monitoring Time Parameters

In any of the program modes, the elapsed time and elapsed number of volt-hours can be
monitored during a run by simply pressing either of the select buttons until the parameter indi-
cator light is on TIME or V-H. The LED display #1 will show the set time (or volt-hours)
while LED display #2 will show the elapsed time (or volt-hours). In the standard, time, volt-
hour, or last step of a programmed sequence mode, these parameters can also be viewed in the
same manner at the completion of a run. These values will remain available as long as the
PROGRAM or RUN/STOP buttons are not pushed. If the time control was used during a run,
only the actual elapsed number of volt-hours will be displayed when viewing V-H at the com-
pletion of the run. If volt-hour control was used during the run, TIME will then show OFF on
LED display #1 and the actual elapsed time of the run on LED display #2.

3.3 Checking Buffer Conductivity

General Application: During an electrophoretic run, the conductivity of the buffer system
can be measured to insure that properly made buffer was used, and that proper running con-
ditions are achieved. This is possible in any of the four operating modes of the Model 1000/500
Power Supply. The ionic strength and concentration of the electrolytes is critical to achieving
high resolution. If the electrolyte concentration is too low, the macromolecules that are being
separated will conduct a large portion of the current which can lead to poor resolution. If the
electrolyte concentration is too high, the amount of current conducted will increase while the
voltage decreases. This can lead to the generation of heat which can decrease resolution, and
may cause damage to the electrophoresis apparatus. To check the buffer conductivity, follow
the procedure outlined below.

Checking Buffer Conductivity

The resistance of an electrophoretic load can be measured any time after the elec-
trophoresis run is started. To monitor the resistance during an electrophoretic run, follow the
steps below.
1. Press either select button until the parameter indicator light is on RES.
2. Monitor the resistance for one minute or longer. If the resistance value does not fall with-
in the range expected, discard the buffer solution, prepare fresh electrolyte, and retest
conductivity.

10
Section 4
Troubleshooting
Condition Cause Remedy
1. With the power supply 1a. Power cord is not properly 1a. Check connections.
on, the LED displays connected.
fail to illuminate.
1b. The fuse has blown. 1b. Replace fuse.

2. After pressing RUN, 2a. The electrophoresis cell 2a. Check the electrophoresis
the LED flashes n Ld (load) is not connected. cell for circuit continuity.
and the alarm sounds.
2b. Check to see that
electrophoresis cell
leads are plugged in.

2c. Check electrophoresis

buffers for conductivity.

3. During run, the LED 3a. The supply has detected 3a. Turn the power supply off.
flashes n Ld and the a sudden interruption of Check electrophoresis
alarm sounds. the circuit and turned off. cell for circuit interruption.

4. With the power supply 4a. Power supply has detected 4a. Turn power supply off.
on, the LED flashes O L a direct short at the output. Disconnect load and check
and the alarm sounds. both load and cable for
continuity.

5. Actual output of a 5a. Limit setting on one of 5a. With the power supply in
parameter is not the the other parameters is too pause, reset the limits to
same as set value. low as shown by control achieve the desired
indicator light. constant running
parameter.

6. Fuse blows frequently. 6a. Abnormality inside unit. 6a. Contact Bio-Rad or
technical representative.

7. Right LED displays 7a. Program has reached 7a. Any button can be pushed
End, and alarm sounds. its preset time limit or to terminate alarm.
number of volt-hours.

11
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SIG 121393 Printed in USA

M1654710 Rev B