Panametrics Ultrasonic Flow Transducers For Liquids: Sensing

GE
Sensing
Panametrics Ultrasonic Flow Transducers

for Liquids
Installation Guide
GE
Sensing
Panametrics Ultrasonic Flow Transducers

for Liquids
Installation Guide
916-055B
July 2007
GE Panametrics has joined other GE high-technology sensing businesses under a new name—GE Sensing.
July 2007
Warranty Each instrument manufactured by GE Sensing is warranted to be free

from defects in material and workmanship. Liability under this
warranty is limited to restoring the instrument to normal operation or
replacing the instrument, at the sole discretion of GE Sensing. Fuses
and batteries are specifically excluded from any liability. This
warranty is effective from the date of delivery to the original
purchaser. If GE Sensing determines that the equipment was
defective, the warranty period is:
• one year for general electronic failures of the instrument
• one year for mechanical failures of the sensor

If GE Sensing determines that the equipment was damaged by
misuse, improper installation, the use of unauthorized replacement
parts, or operating conditions outside the guidelines specified by GE
Sensing, the repairs are not covered under this warranty.
The warranties set forth herein are exclusive and are in lieu of
all other warranties whether statutory, express or implied
(including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose, and warranties arising from course of
dealing or usage or trade).
Return Policy If a GE Sensing instrument malfunctions within the warranty period,

the following procedure must be completed:
1. Notify GE Sensing, giving full details of the problem, and provide
the model number and serial number of the instrument. If the
nature of the problem indicates the need for factory service, GE
Sensing will issue a RETURN AUTHORIZATION number (RA), and
shipping instructions for the return of the instrument to a service
center will be provided.
2. If GE Sensing instructs you to send your instrument to a service
center, it must be shipped prepaid to the authorized repair station
indicated in the shipping instructions.
3. Upon receipt, GE Sensing will evaluate the instrument to
determine the cause of the malfunction.
Then, one of the following courses of action will then be taken:
• If the damage is covered under the terms of the warranty, the

instrument will be repaired at no cost to the owner and returned.
• If GE Sensing determines that the damage is not covered under the

terms of the warranty, or if the warranty has expired, an estimate
for the cost of the repairs at standard rates will be provided. Upon
receipt of the owner’s approval to proceed, the instrument will be
repaired and returned.
iii
July 2007
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: General Information
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Transducer Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Wetted Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Clamp-On Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Transducer Position and Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Chapter 2: Wetted Transducers

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Types of Flowcells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Tilted Diameter Flowcells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Axial-Path Offset Flowcells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Building a Wetted Flowcell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Installing a Spoolpiece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Cold Tapping into an Existing Pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Wetted Transducer Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Installing Transducers Directly into the Flowcell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Installing Transducers with PanAdapta Plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Installing Threaded Type PanAdapta Plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Installing Welded Type PanAdapta Plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Installing Flanged Type PanAdapta Plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Installing the Wetted Transducers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
Removing Transducers from PanAdapta Plugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
v
July 2007
Table of Contents (cont.)

Installing the BWT System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
Assembling Bundle PanAdapta Plugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20
Inserting the Bundle PanAdapta Plug into the Nozzle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
Tightening the Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25
Installing the BWT Transducer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27
Chapter 3: Clamp-On Transducers

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Transit-Time Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
TransFlection Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Couplants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Transit-Time Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Determining the Number of Traverses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Using the Universal Clamping Fixture -UCF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Using the General Clamping Fixture - GCF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
Using the Magnetic Clamping Fixture - MCF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33
Using the Small Pipe Clamping Fixture - SPCF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44
Using the Yoke and Strap Clamping Fixture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-50
TransFlection Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-52
Using the TransFlection Mode Clamping Fixture - TMCF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-52
Tips for Transflection Mode Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-62
vi
Chapter 1
General Information
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Transducer Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Transducer Position and Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

July 2007
Introduction This guide is for GE Panametrics flowmeters that measure liquid flow
using ultrasonic transit-time and TransFlection® methods. It is
important to note that this installation guide provides information for
the most common installations only. However, it can be used for
equipment not specifically mentioned here. GE Panametrics can
accommodate many special installations by using different
transducers and configurations. For special installations, GE
Panametrics will supply drawings with the nominal dimensions based
on the specific application.
Before you begin installation, you should familiarize yourself with

the type of transducer you are using and the general guidelines for
transducer position and location as described in this chapter.
If you have any questions or problems, contact GE Sensing for

assistance (see the back cover of this manual).
Upon request, GE Sensing can set up in-plant or on-site, hands-on

training seminars. For more information, contact your local sales
representative or one of the main GE Sensing manufacturing facilities
(see the back cover of this manual).
General Information 1-1

July 2007
Transducer Types Flow Transducers fall into one of two major classes: wetted or non-
wetted. Wetted transducers are inserted into the pipe so that they
come in direct contact with the fluid being measured. Non-wetted
transducers, commonly referred to as clamp-on transducers, are
clamped onto the outside of the pipe and send their ultrasonic pulses
through the pipe wall.
Wetted Transducers GE Panametrics standard wetted transducers are typically flat-faced

and send their ultrasonic longitudinal wave signals into the fluid with
no refraction. GE Panametrics standard clamp-on transducers, on the
other hand, use refraction to transmit sound through the pipe wall and
into the liquid. Although 3/8” (9.5 mm), 1/2” (12.7 mm), 3/4”
(19.0 mm), and 1” (25.4 mm) transducer diameters are most common,
a variety of other sizes is available, depending on the application.
GE Panametrics has also developed hybrid transducers that consist of

two parts: a fixed member and a removable, wetted transducer. The
fixed member is a special wetted pipe plug called a PanAdapta® plug.
This plug (fixed member) is mounted in the flowcell. The wetted
transducer can be temporarily and repeatedly coupled to the outside
face of the PanAdapta plug. In using the PanAdapta plug there is no
need to interrupt the process when servicing the hybrid transducer.
For high-temperature applications, the Bundle Waveguide

Technology™ (BWT™) system is available and consists of a
PanAdapta plug and a transducer. The PanAdapta plug uses
waveguide bundles to efficiently concentrate a greater amount of the
transducer signal into the process. At the same time, it acts as a heat
buffer that protects the transducer from high temperatures to ensure
long life.
1-2 General Information

July 2007
Clamp-On Transducers The most common types of GE Panametrics clamp-on transducers are
the weatherproof shear wave and the weatherproof/hazardous area
shear wave transducers.
Each type of transducer has a flat face and is used for 2” (50 mm)
diameter pipes and larger. Pipes can be made of carbon steel, stainless
steel, copper, brass, cast or ductile iron, glass, plastic (PVC or
CPVC), or fiberglass. There are no thickness constraints on the pipe
wall, as long as the wall can conduct sound adequately.
Transducers for pipes smaller than 2” (50 mm) are also available.
Transducers for small pipes are already installed into the clamping
fixture prior to shipment. See Using a Small Pipe Clamping Fixture -
SPCF in chapter 3.
Figure 1-1 below shows the most common types of transducers.
Figure 1-1: Four Types of Clamp-On Transducers
General Information 1-3

July 2007
Transducer Position and Whichever transducer type is selected for your installation, flowmeter
Location accuracy depends on proper transducer location, spacing, alignment,
and electronics programming. However, even though every
transducer installation has specific location considerations, the
following two location guidelines apply to all transducers, regardless
of type:
Caution!
Flowmeter accuracy and performance depends on the
location, spacing, and alignment of the transducers. The
specific spacing of your transducers are unique to your
installation.
1. To help assure a uniform flow profile, locate the flowcell so that

there are at least 10 pipe diameters of straight, undisturbed flow
upstream and 5 pipe diameters of straight, undisturbed flow
downstream from the point of measurement. Measure from the
center of the transducer at the pipe wall ID. “Undisturbed flow”
means avoiding sources of turbulence such as valves, flanges,
elbows; avoiding swirl; and avoiding cavitation.
2. It is important to locate the transducers on a horizontal plane. This

specifically applies to mounting transducers on a horizontal pipe.
One transducer cannot be on top of the pipe and one on the
bottom, because the top of the pipe tends to accumulate gas and
the bottom tends to accumulate sediment. These can attenuate or
block the ultrasonic signal. There is no similar restriction with
vertical pipes. To ensure that the pipe remains full of liquid,
however, you should avoid vertical downward flow. When using a
wetted installation, extended-well type transducers are preferred to
keep the transducer face free from gas or sediment that may tend
to get trapped in the transducer port.
1-4 General Information

Chapter 2
Wetted Transducers
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Types of Flowcells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Building a Wetted Flowcell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Wetted Transducer Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Installing Transducers Directly into the Flowcell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Installing Transducers with PanAdapta Plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Removing Transducers from PanAdapta Plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
Installing the BWT System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19

July 2007
Introduction Installing wetted transducers consists of creating a flowcell and then

mounting the transducers into that flowcell. There are various types
of flowcells and methods for creating them. In addition, there are
several methods for mounting transducers, including the Panametrics
BWT system.
This chapter discusses the most common installations. However, it

can also be used for equipment not specifically mentioned here.
Types of Flowcells There are two basic types of flowcell installations for wetted
transducers:
• Tilted Diameter - for use with pipe sizes above 2” (50 mm)
• Axial Offset - for use with pipe sizes of 2” (50 mm) and below.
In both types of installations, the transducers are mounted into a

section of pipe called a flowcell. The flowcell can be created either by
mounting the transducers on the existing pipeline or on a spoolpiece.
A spoolpiece is a precision-manufactured section of matching pipe
that contains the ports where the transducers will be mounted. This
setup allows more accurate transducer alignment before mounting the
spoolpiece into the pipeline. If requested, the spoolpiece can be
calibrated.
Tilted Diameter Flowcells A tilted diameter flowcell is so named because the transducers send
their signals at a typical 45° angle across the diameter (or other chord)
of the pipe. This type of flowcell can be configured as a single-
traverse or multiple-traverse installation.
Note: The mounting angle for the transducer is typically 45°, but
other angles (20°, 30°, or 60°) can be used as required. Tilted
Diameter can also refer to paths that are offset from the
diameter such as the Mid-Radius path.
Wetted Transducers 2-1

July 2007
Tilted Diameter Flowcells A single-traverse configuration consists of two transducers mounted

(cont.) on opposite sides of the pipe so that the signal they transmit passes
through the fluid just once, at a typical 45° angle (see Figure 2-1
below).
Top View
P = Distance that the signal travels
through the liquid from one
transducer to the other.
Downstream P
O.D.
I.D.
Upstream
L = Projected distance of L
acoustical path in liquid.
Figure 1: Single-Traverse Flowcell with L = Pipe I.D.
2-2 Wetted Transducers

July 2007
Tilted Diameter Flowcells A multiple-traverse configuration consists of two transducers

(cont.) mounted on the pipe so that the signal traverses the fluid two or more
times before reaching the other transducer. See Figures 2-2 to 2-4,
below for examples of commonly used installations.

P
O.D.
I.D.
L L = Projected distance of
acoustical path in liquid.
Figure 2: Double-Traverse Flowcell

P
O.D.
I.D.
Figure 3: Multiple-Traverse Flowcell (Four Traverses)
S= OD2-ID2
4
Figure 4: Mid-Radius, Single-Traverse, 2-Path Flowcell

July 2007
Axial-Path Offset Flowcells In axial-path offset flowcells, the walls of the pipe reflect the
ultrasonic signal. This allows the signal to remain in the fluid longer,
increasing the effective length L and path P of the signal, thus
increasing accuracy. The number of times the signal can traverse the
fluid depends on such factors as transducer frequency, pipe size, pipe
wall condition, and the fluid being measured.
Axial-path offset flowcells can be made up as a spoolpiece, then

mounted into the process pipeline, or they can be created by cold
tapping the transducer ports directly into the existing pipeline.
Figure 2-5 below shows an axial-path offset flowcell that is used for
1/8” to 2” (3 mm to 50 mm) pipe sizes. This type of flowcell
maintains a high accuracy of measurement on small diameter pipes
because it provides a much longer path length and allows for 100%
area averaging of the flow profile. An axial-path offset flowcell can
be installed into the pipeline using flanges, welding, NPT threading,
or quick-release methods. When installed, the flowcell should be
positioned to avoid gas entrainment or sediment deposition in front of
the transducers.
CL CL
FLOW INLET FLOW OUTLET
TRANSDUCER L
Figure 5: Axial-Path Offset Flowcell

July 2007
Building a Wetted This section describes how to build a flowcell using one of the
Flowcell following methods:
• installing a spoolpiece
• cold tapping transducer ports into an existing pipeline
Note: Hot tapping of pressurized pipe is also possible. Contact GE

Sensing for the required equipment and instructions.
Installing a Spoolpiece Spoolpieces can be inserted into the existing pipeline either with
flanges or by welding. To position the spoolpiece into the pipeline,
see Figure 2-6 below and complete the following steps:
1. Find the arrow mark and the word TOP marked on the tag plate on
the spoolpiece. If the spoolpiece is flanged, two bolt holes should
straddle the centerline.
2. Place the spoolpiece in the pipeline so that the arrow mark is in the
direction of flow and the top is appropriately located. Be sure the
transducer ports are located in a horizontal plane.
3. Bolt or weld the spoolpiece into place, as appropriate.
4. Go to the section that describes mounting the wetted transducers.
In general (including cases where the spoolpiece axis is not

horizontal), be sure that the installation does not allow gas or
sediment to deposit in the transducer ports. Otherwise the sound
waves will be attenuated or blocked entirely.
Note: Use extended-well transducers or extended-well PanAdapta

plugs for tilted diameter flowcells.

July 2007
TOP VIEW BOLT HOLES STRADDLE END VIEW

CENTERLINE SYMMETRICALLY
TOP
L
Data Tag
Figure 6: Top View of a Spoolpiece with Flanges
Cold Tapping into an To cold tap the transducer ports into a pipe, the pipe must be empty
Existing Pipeline and safe. Please note that reference drawings and kits for cold tapping
are available from GE Sensing. Standard kits provide alignment
equipment for single-traverse installations only. Figure 2-7 below
shows a typical cold tapping kit, which includes:
• 2 contoured couplings
• 2 rod support bushings
• 1 alignment rod
• 1 Allen wrench
• 1 detail drawing (not shown)

July 2007
Alignment Rod
Contoured Couplings
Rod Support Bushings
Allen Wrench
Figure 7: Cold Tapping Kit

July 2007
Cold Tapping into an Note: Two flanged nozzles are available for cold tapping ports for
Existing Pipeline (cont.) flanged transducers or PanAdapta plugs. The kit for the
nozzles includes two tapped flanges to accept the bushings
(see Figure 2-8 below).
Rod Support Bushing

Flanged Nozzle Tapped Flange
Alignment Rod
S = Pipe OD
Figure 8: Flanged Nozzles for Cold-Tapping

July 2007
Cold Tapping into an The following sections present general guidelines for cold tapping a
Existing Pipeline (cont.) weldable or non-weldable pipe to install the transducer ports:
!WARNING!
BE SURE TO FOLLOW ALL APPLICABLE LOCAL SAFETY
CODES AND SAFETY PROCEDURES.
Weldable Pipe Refer to Figure 2-9 below and complete the following steps:
1. Measure and mark locations on the pipe where the transducer
ports are to be installed.
2. Cut two holes into the pipe at the port locations. This usually
requires a welding torch or specialized drilling equipment.
3. Place a rod through the two holes to help maintain the alignment
while you attach a contoured coupling or nozzle to each hole. Use
rod support bushings to hold the rod in the couplings or nozzle.
4. Weld the couplings to the pipe.
5. Remove the rod and bushings from the pipe. Then proceed to the
section on installing the transducers into the flowcell.
TOP VIEW END VIEW
Alignment Rod
Contoured Coupling
Rod Support Bushing
O.D.
I.D.
Figure 9: Cold Tapping into a Weldable Pipe (Single-Traverse)

July 2007
Non-Weldable Pipe Refer to Figure 2-10 below and complete the following steps:
1. A saddle is used to attach a coupling to non-weldable pipe such as
wood, fiberglass, cement, concrete, cast iron, etc.
2. Measure and mark the locations on the pipe where the transducer
ports are to be installed.
3. Cut or drill the two holes into the pipe at the port locations. This
may require special equipment such as templates or drill guides.
4. Prepare the pipe surface around the hole so that the o-ring in the
saddle will form a good seal. In many cases, this can be done by
coating the pipe with epoxy.
5. Secure the saddle to the pipe.
6. Place a rod through the two holes to maintain the alignment while
you attach a contoured coupling or nozzle to each port. Use rod
support bushings to hold the rod in the couplings or nozzle.
7. To fully install the saddle, tighten the saddle bolts.
8. Remove the rod and bushings from the pipe. Then proceed to the
section on installing the transducers into the flowcell.
Rod
Bushing Coupling on Saddle
Bolts removed
for clarity
Saddle
(2 pieces)
45°
L = PIPE OD
Figure 10: Non-Weldable Pipe with Attached Saddle

July 2007
Wetted Transducer Standard wetted transducers (see Figure 2-11 below) and extended-
Types well transducers (see Figure 2-12 below) typically have 3/4” NPT or
1” NPT threads for connection to the spoolpiece and for the electrical
junction box connection.
Note: Transducers and PanAdapta Plugs are marked with a two-

digit inspection number, a serial number, and a programming
number. Make a note of the programming number, as it will be
needed for programming the flowmeter.
Figure 2-1: Standard Wetted Transducer
1” NPT
Wrench Flat
1” NPT
Extended Well
Figure 2-2: Extended-Well Transducer

July 2007
Wetted Transducer Standard and extended-well wetted transducers are easily modified
Types (cont.) for hazardous areas by adding explosion-proof electrical junction
boxes (see Figure 2-13 below). To weatherproof the transducers, you
can use the same junction box with the supplied o-ring seal.
Figure 2-3: Transducer Installed in Junction Box
Buffer rod transducers are used in high-temperature or low-

temperature applications and are typically 6” (150 mm) long and have
a 1” NPT thread for the process connection. Figure 2-14 below shows
a standard 6” (150 mm) buffer rod transducer.
Wrench Flat
Figure 2-4: Buffer Rod Transducer

July 2007
Installing Transducers To mount the wetted transducers directly into the flowcell, proceed as
Directly into the Flowcell follows:
!WARNING!
BE SURE TO FOLLOW ALL APPLICABLE SAFETY CODES
AND PROCEDURES WHEN INSTALLING TRANSDUCERS IN
HAZARDOUS AREAS.
1. Apply approximately three layers of PTFE tape or other

appropriate thread sealant to the transducer mounting threads (see
Figure 2-15 below). Then, screw the transducers into the
transducer ports.
2. Tighten the transducers with a wrench to ensure a leak-proof seal.

Be sure to apply the wrench only on the hex nut of a standard
transducer or on the flats of a buffer rod transducer.
Figure 2-5: Installed Standard Transducer

July 2007
Installing Transducers The PanAdapta plug (see Figure 2-13 below) is a special pipe plug
with PanAdapta Plugs and coupling assembly made of either metal (stainless steel, etc.) or
plastic (CPVC, PVDF, PTFE, etc.). It may be mounted into pipe
couplings, nozzles or tees, enabling you to easily install and remove
transducers without emptying the pipe.
Stainless Steel Plastic

Figure 2-6: Standard Threaded PanAdapta Plugs
Stainless steel and other metal PanAdapta plugs are screwed, socket-
welded, or flanged into the pipe coupling, nozzle or tee. Plastic
PanAdapta plugs are mounted into a pipe coupling either by threading
or fuse bonding. Plastic PanAdapta plugs are used when wetted parts
cannot be metal. They have a thinner face than the stainless steel
plugs and require the use of extended-well wetted transducers. Figure
2-17 below shows extended-well, threaded, stainless steel PanAdapta
plugs.
Figure 2-7: Extended-Well Threaded PanAdapta Plugs

July 2007
Installing Transducers PanAdapta plugs are available in three types. Go to the appropriate
with PanAdapta Plugs section to install your type of PanAdapta plug.
(cont.)
!WARNING!
All applicable safety codes and procedures must be
followed when installing PanAdapta plugs.
Installing Threaded Type To install the threaded type PanAdapta plug into the flowcell,
PanAdapta Plugs complete the following steps:
1. Apply a thread sealant, such as PTFE tape, on the PanAdapta plug

threads. Then, screw the plug into the flowcell transducer port (see
Figures 2-18 and 2-19 below) using the appropriate torque.
Figure 2-8: Threaded PanAdapta Plug and Transducer in an

Axial Offset Flowcell Installation
Figure 2-9: Threaded PanAdapta Plug and Transducer in a Tilted

Diameter Flowcell Installation

July 2007
Installing Welded Type To install the welded type PanAdapta plug into the flowcell, proceed
PanAdapta Plugs as follows:
1. Based on the material of your PanAdapta plug, do one of the

following:
• Metal: Socket-weld the PanAdapta plug into the port (see

Figure 2-20 below).
or
• Plastic: Fuse bond or glue the PanAdapta plug into the port.
TOP VIEW
PanAdapta Plug
2 Places Transducer
Coupling Mounting Port
45° 45°
TOP
S = OD + ID
Figure 2-10: PanAdapta Plugs Socket-Welded into
Spoolpiece Flowcell

July 2007
Installing Flanged Type To install the flanged type PanAdapta plug into the flowcell, proceed
PanAdapta Plugs as follows:
1. Install the gasket on the flange.
2. Bolt the flanged PanAdapta plug to the nozzle (see Figures 2-21
and 2-22 on the next page). Tighten the flange bolts using the
appropriate torque for the installation.
Note: If you are installing a BWT System, refer to the appropriate

section later in this chapter.
PanAdapta
Plug Coupling
Lap Joint
Flange
Flanged PanAdapta Plug BWT™ System PanAdapta Plug
Figure 11: Types of Flanged PanAdapta Plugs
Junction Box
BPA2 PanAdapta Plug

Nozzle Pipe
Figure 12: Flanged PanAdapta Plug in Flowcell Nozzle

July 2007
Installing the Wetted After you have installed the PanAdapta plugs into the flowcell, install
Transducers the transducers into the PanAdapta plugs as follows:
1. Apply an ultrasonic couplant to the flat face of the transducer.
IMPORTANT: You must apply an ultrasonic couplant on the face of

the transducer before installing it into the PanAdapta
plug.
2. Screw the transducer into the PanAdapta plug by hand.
3. Torque the transducer to 50 ft-lb (67.8 N-m) for steel or 10 ft-lb

(13.6 N-m) for plastic.
Removing Transducers After installation, the PanAdapta plug forms part of the pressure
from PanAdapta Plugs boundary between the process liquid and atmosphere. Therefore,
extreme care must be taken when it is removed.
!WARNING!
All applicable safety codes and procedures must be
followed when removing transducers
from the PanAdapta plugs.
When removing the transducer from the PanAdapta plug, be sure the
plug shield remains securely in place. Also, keep the immediate work
area clear of insulation or other obstructions that may prevent you
from clearly seeing the threaded components. Then, complete the
following steps:
Note: See Figures 2-18 and 2-19 on page 2-14 for two examples of
threaded PanAdapta plugs and transducers.
1. Verify that the PanAdapta seal is not leaking.
2. Hold the PanAdapta plug securely in place with a wrench.
3. Use a second wrench to unthread the transducer.

July 2007
Installing the BWT Before you begin to install the Bundle Waveguide Technology™
System (BWT™) system make sure you have all the needed equipment on
hand. Refer to Table 2-1 and Figure 2-23 below for the items needed
for a one path installation.
Table 3: Required Equipment

Factory-Supplied User-Supplied
2 Single (or Double Buffer) Copperslip (SS316) or Molykote
Bundle PanAdapta Plugs grease P47 (CS)
2 BWT transducers Tape measure
2 Spiral wound gaskets 1” deep socket
2 Mating lap-joint flanges 12” (30 cm) adjustable wrench
3M epoxy for permanent bond Steel wool
stud bolts, nuts and washers Calipers
Adjustable socket drive torque
wrench with 20-148 ft-lb
(27-200 N-m) range
Junction Box
BWT Transducer
PanAdapta Plug
Flange
Gasket
Figure 3-11: Components for BWT Installation

July 2007
Assembling Bundle Assemble a Bundle PanAdapta plug as follows:

PanAdapta Plugs
1. Using the tape measure, measure and record the distance from the
raised face of one PanAdapta flange to the raised face of the other
PanAdapta flange. This is the Y dimension for your installation.
2. Using the caliper, measure and record the distance from the head
to the flange of the Bundle PanAdapta (BPA) plug. This is the X
dimension for your installation.

July 2007
Assembling Bundle 3. Slide the lap joint flange over the Bundle PanAdapta Plug. Make
PanAdapta Plugs (cont.) sure to orient the flange as shown below.
Lap Joint Flange
Side View
Side View
4. Check the raised face of the spool nozzle flange to make sure it is
free from paint, rust, dirt, corrosion and damage. If necessary,
clean the raised face with steel wool. In addition, clean the BPA if
you are reusing it from a previous installation.

July 2007
Inserting the Bundle 1. Inspect the gaskets supplied by GE Sensing. They must not be
PanAdapta Plug into the used, warped, pitted or scratched.
Nozzle
IMPORTANT: Use only spiral-wound gaskets.
2. Place one gasket on the end of the Bundle PanAdapta Plug
assembly.
Side View
3. Inspect the pipe nozzle. Make sure it is free from dirt and rust. Use
the steel wool to clean the pipe nozzle if necessary.
4. Insert the Bundle PanAdapta Plug assembly into the nozzle.
Side View
Side View

July 2007
Inserting the Bundle 5. Coat the threads of each stud bolt with Copperslip or Molykote.
PanAdapta Plug into the
Nozzle (cont.) 6. Insert one stud bolt into the flange. Make sure the bolt grade rating
(e.g., B7) is facing away from the spoolpiece. Install the washers
and nuts and hand-tighten. Make sure you leave an equal amount
of threads on each end of the bolt.
Side View
Equal Amount of Threads
Bolt Quality Rating
Side View
7. Using the numerical order shown below, repeat step 6 to install the
remaining stud bolts.
1 1
5 8
3 4 3 4
7 6
2 2
4-Hole Flange 8-Hole Flange

July 2007
Inserting the Bundle 8. Place your hands around the plug flange and the nozzle flange and
PanAdapta Plug into the feel that the flanges are aligned around the full circumference. If
Nozzle (cont.) necessary, adjust the flanges until the Bundle PanAdapta plug is
centered in the middle of the nozzle.
IMPORTANT: Make sure the gasket is in the center of the flanges.
Flange Proper Gasket

Alignment
(dotted line)
End View
Good Bad
End View
9. Once you have determined the PanAdapta plug is centered, tighten

the nuts and bolts further by hand to maintain the centering.
Visually confirm that the centering has not been disturbed by the
tightening process.

July 2007
Tightening the Bolts You must tighten the stud bolts to the proper torque to ensure a good
seal. However, you should not overtighten them, as this would cause
an acoustic short circuit or change the transducer alignment. To
properly tighten the stud bolts, proceed in stages as follows:
1. Check the flange and plug alignment again to make sure the
flanges are parallel to each other.
Bad Good
2. Hand tighten the first bolt.
Hand tighten the first bolt.
1 1
5 8
3 4 3 4
7 6
2 2
3. Hand tighten the remaining bolts in the order shown below or in a

similar manner.
Hand tighten the second bolt.
1 1
5 8
3 4 3 4
7 6
2 2

July 2007
Tightening the Bolts 4. Using an adjustable wrench, firmly secure the stud bolts in the
(cont.) same order as described in the previous step.
IMPORTANT: Do not overtighten the stud bolts.

5. Check the flange alignment again to ensure that the flanges are
parallel to each other. Measure the gap between the flanges with
the caliper on at least four equally spaced points. The maximum
tolerance is ±0.2 mm difference between the four measurement
points. If you cannot achieve a tolerance of ±0.2 mm or less,
replace the gasket with a new gasket and repeat the entire
procedure.
Caliper
Wrong Right
6. Repeat the previous steps for any additional flanges.
7. Screw the electrical junction box onto the Bundle PanAdapta

Plug.
Junction Box

July 2007
Installing the BWT Please read this section completely before beginning the BWT
Transducer transducer installation. After you understand the procedure, proceed
with the following steps:
IMPORTANT: After you install the Bundle PanAdapta Plugs and

BWT transducers, you must allow the 3M epoxy to
cure for at least eight hours.
1. Place a small drop (about 2 mm in diameter) of the 3M Epoxy at

the center of the end of the BWT transducer.
2. Screw the BWT transducer into the fitting in the junction box at
the end of the buffer, as shown below. When the transducer is
finger tight, stop turning it. Wait 5 seconds to allow the couplant to
spread out evenly.
Fitting Transducer

July 2007
Installing the BWT 3. Using the deep socket and torque wrench, tighten the transducer to
Transducer (cont.) a torque value of 15 to 18 ft-lb (20 to 25 N-m).
IMPORTANT: Do not overtighten the transducer.

4. Wire the transducer to the preamplifier and electronics as
described in your flowmeter user’s manual.
5. Let the epoxy cure for at least 8 hours.
IMPORTANT: After you install the Bundle PanAdapta Plugs and

BWT transducers, you must allow the 3M epoxy to
cure for at least 8 hours. You can power up the
electronics, but do not remove, re-torque or adjust the
transducers during this waiting period.
Caution!
Do not place insulation on or around the flange or
PanAdapta Plug. The flange and PanAdapta Plug act as a
buffer that isolates and protects the BWT transducer from
high process temperatures.

Chapter 3
Clamp-On Transducers
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Transit-Time Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
TransFlection Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-52

July 2007
Introduction Clamp-on transducers can be installed using a number of

configurations and clamping fixtures. However, the exact procedure
depends on the measurement mode used by the flowmeter. Most GE
Panametrics flowmeters have two possible measurement modes:
Transit-time and TransFlection. Although both methods use transit
time measurements to calculate flow rates, the manner in which the
transit time is measured differs.
Note: In both methods, the transducers require an acoustic couplant

to provide reliable transmission of the ultrasonic signal
between the transducer and the pipe surface.
Transit-Time Method When in Transit-time mode, the flowmeter transmits ultrasonic pulses
through a moving liquid. The pulses that travel in the same direction
as the fluid flow (downstream) travel slightly faster than the pulses
that travel against the fluid flow (upstream). The flowmeter uses
various digital signal processing techniques, including cross-
correlation, to determine transit times and then uses these times to
calculate flow velocity.
TransFlection Method To measure flow, one transducer transmits a group of pulses

(typically 16 pulses) at regular intervals (approximately 5,000 to
10,000 transmissions/sec). The ultrasonic pulses travel through the
liquid, reflect off scatterers (i.e. bubbles, particulates) in the liquid,
and the signal is then received by the second transducer.
In essence, these ultrasonic signals are “pictures” taken continuously

at the same location in the pipe. The flowmeter compares these
pictures to each other as the pictures are received. By comparing
(averaging) these pictures, the flowmeter is able to eliminate
stationary objects by subtracting signals that do not appear to move in
all or most of the pictures. The flowmeter measures the time
difference between the remaining “moving” objects on each
successive picture. The time difference is called Tm and is used to
calculate the flow velocity.
Clamp-On Transducers 3-1

July 2007
Couplants GE Sensing supplies an ultrasonic couplant for your clamp-on

installation. The purpose of the couplant is to provide reliable
transmission of ultrasound between two adjacent solid surfaces.
Couplants perform this task by excluding air from the space between
the adjacent surfaces. Accordingly, the clamp-on transducers should
be pressed tightly against the pipe, using hand pressure on the set
screw to squeeze the couplant to as thin a film as practical for the
given pipe surface.
The most commonly used couplants in ultrasonic testing are

ordinarily satisfactory for any short-term clamp-on flowmeter
application. These couplants include, in order of preference: gels,
grease, propylene glycol, oil, glycerine, and water. Long-term
couplants include grease, epoxy adhesive, and solid rubber sheet
couplants.
GE Sensing provides couplants for both permanent and temporary

use as well as for high-temperature and low-temperature applications.
For long-term installations, make sure the couplant does not dry out
or extrude. Standard couplants supplied from GE Sensing are listed in
Table 3-1 below.
Table 4: Standard GE Couplants

Part No. Type Temp. Range Use
CPL-1 Standard -40 to +65oC Semi-Permanent
CPL-2 High/Low -160 to +260oC Semi-Permanent
Temperature
CPL-3 For Portables -20 to +60oC Temporary
CPL-4 Special As Required *Difficult
Applications
CPL-7 Epoxy -10 to +50oC Permanent
CPL-8 Solid Sheet -40 to +230oC Permanent
* Installations involving hotter or colder temperatures than listed
above, may require special couplants. Consult GE Sensing for these
applications.
3-2 Clamp-On Transducers

July 2007
Transit-Time Installation of clamp-on transducers for transit-time measurements

Installations consists of mounting the clamping fixture to the pipe and then
mounting the transducers into the clamping fixture. When installing
transducers in non-wetted applications, you can use one of the
following methods to hold the transducer against the pipe wall:
• universal clamping fixture
• general clamping fixture (permanent installation)
• magnetic clamping fixture
• small clamping fixtures - 6” (150 mm) or 12” (300 mm) long, with
Velcro straps
• yoke and strap
Before beginning the transducer installation, you must determine the

number of traverses for your configuration.
Caution!
The accuracy and performance of the flowmeter
depends on the location, spacing, and alignment of the
transducers. This manual provides general instructions
for locating and installing most transducer types.
However, the specific spacing of your transducers is
unique to your installation.
Determining the Number The first step in the installation is determining the number of
of Traverses traverses (see Figure 3-1 on the next page). The transducers can be
mounted using one of two methods :
• Double-traverse method - the transducers are mounted on the same

side of the pipe and the ultrasonic signal is transmitted from one
transducer to the other by reflection off the opposite pipe wall.
• Single-traverse method - transducers are mounted diagonally
across from each other. The ultrasonic signal is transmitted across
the pipe directly from one transducer to the other.

July 2007
Determining the Number For pipe diameters from 1” (25 mm) to 20” (500 mm), always try the
of Traverses (cont.) double-traverse method first because it is easier to configure and
yields greater accuracy. However, if the pipe has poor inside surface
conditions or the fluid is highly attenuating, you may not be able to
obtain a reliable signal. Therefore, you may have to use the single-
traverse method in such applications. Typically, you should use the
single-traverse method for pipe diameters greater than 20” (500 mm).
The spacing of the transducers is calculated by the electronics after all
the installation parameters have been programmed into the flowmeter.
DOUBLE TRAVERSE
Transducers
Ultrasonic Signal Path
SINGLE TRAVERSE
Transducer
Transducer
Figure 4-1: Double- and Single-Traverse Installations

July 2007
Using the Universal The Universal Clamping Fixture (UCF) (see Figure 3-2 below) acts as
Clamping Fixture -UCF a spacing device and a transducer holder. The UCF includes one fixed
short block and one adjustable short block Two slide tracks are
included to connect the two short blocks. A ruler attached to one of
these slide tracks helps to set the transducer spacing. For double-
traverse installations, a long block is also used.
The UCF is chained or strapped around the pipe, and the blocks are
used to hold the transducers in position for accurate measurements.
The blocks must be positioned properly using the spacing dimension
calculated by the flowmeter. Then, the transducers are mounted into
the blocks.
End View Side View
Pressure Bolt
Thumbscrew Short Block

1 Screw Hook
(fixed and adjustable)
Chain
Long Block
2 Screw Hooks
Slide Track Example with Short Blocks
Figure 1: Components of the UCF

July 2007
Using the Universal Before you begin the installation, make sure you note the application
Clamping Fixture -UCF information in Table 3-2 below for your clamping fixture. The UCF is
(cont.) available in 12” (300 mm) and 24” (600 mm) lengths. Both lengths
can be used for either single-traverse or double-traverse installations,
but you must observe the pipe size ranges shown.
Table 5: UCF Pipe Size Ranges

Single-Traverse Double-Traverse
Fixture Length Pipe Diameter Pipe Diameter
12” 2 -24” 2-12”
(300 mm) (50-600 mm) (50-300 mm)
24” 24-48” 12-24”
(600 mm) (600-1200 mm) (300-600 mm)
The transducer installation consists of mounting the UCF to the pipe

and then mounting the transducers into the fixture. Refer to the
appropriate section for instructions on either the double-traverse or
single-traverse methods.
Double-Traverse Method Note: The instructions in this section can also be used for a
multiple-traverse method. However, you must use an EVEN
number of traverses. The distance the signal travels from one
side of the pipe wall to the opposite side of the pipe wall is
considered one traverse. For installations with more than two
traverses, contact GE Sensing for assistance.
There are two advantages to using the double-traverse method:
• Measurement accuracy is improved because the ultrasonic signal is

in the fluid longer than with a single-traverse method.
• If there is enough pipe length available, the double-traverse fixture
is easier to install.
The procedure for mounting the UCF involves setting the transducer
spacing and fastening the fixture on the pipe.
Note: For a double-traverse installation, you will only need the

short block assembly - the long block is not used.

July 2007
Double-Traverse Method The installation procedure for transducers using the double-traverse
(cont.) method is as follows:
1. Be sure the location you have chosen for the installation has at
least 10 pipe diameters of straight, undisturbed flow upstream and
5 pipe diameters of straight, undisturbed flow downstream from
the measurement point.
2. Prepare the pipe where you intend to place the clamping fixture by
making sure it is clean and free of loose material. Sanding, though
usually not required, may be necessary to remove any high spots.
However, be careful to preserve the original curvature of the pipe.
3. Obtain the transducer spacing dimension (S) as described in your

flowmeter user’s manual. Using the attached ruler on the slide bar
as a guide, move the adjustable block so that the distance between
the blocks equals the S dimension. Use the pressure bolts or the
edges of the blocks as reference points, as shown below.
Centerline Centerline
S = Spacing
S = Spacing
S = Spacing
Use one method to set the spacing

July 2007
Double-Traverse Method 4. Position the clamping fixture along the horizontal plane of the
(cont.) pipe. It must not be on the top or bottom of the pipe. Make sure the
chains on both blocks are on the side of the fixture opposite from
the slide bar with the ruler.
Side View
5. Wrap one of the chains around the pipe and fasten it on the J screw
hook on the opposite side of the block. Repeat this for the other
chain.
Top View
6. Using the screw hook on the blocks, tighten both chains until the
fixture is secured snugly to the side of the pipe.
IMPORTANT: Make sure the chains are perpendicular to the

clamping fixture and are not twisted. If the chains are
slanted, the slack may cause the fixture to move. Also
the transducer spacing dimension may change after
the transducers are mounted.

July 2007
Double-Traverse Method Figure 3-3 below shows a completed double-traverse installation

(cont.) without the transducers. Proceed to the section on mounting the
transducers later in this chapter.
Side View
Top View
Figure 5-2: A Double-Traverse Clamping Fixture Installation

without Transducers

July 2007
Single-Traverse Method Note: The instructions in this section can also be used for a
multiple-traverse method. However, you must use an ODD
considered one traverse. For installations with more than one
traverse, contact GE Sensing for assistance.
The procedure for mounting the UCF for the single-traverse method
requires one long block and two short blocks. The long block is
fastened to the pipe first and then the short block assembly is properly
aligned and fastened 180° around the pipe from the long block.
To install the UCF, complete the following steps:
1. Choose a location for the installation that has at least 10 pipe

diameters of straight, undisturbed flow upstream and at least 5
pipe diameters of straight, undisturbed flow downstream from the
measurement point.
2. Prepare the pipe where you intend to place the UCF by making
sure it is clean and free of loose material. Sanding, though usually
not required, may be necessary to remove any high spots.
3. Use a level to find the top of the pipe and then draw a line parallel
to the centerline of the pipe.
Line Top of Pipe
Side View

July 2007
Single-Traverse Method 4. Using a level and center punch, make two marks on the line drawn
(cont.) in step 3. These marks must be separated by the transducer
spacing distance S, as calculated by the flowmeter.
Spacing
Mark Mark
Side View
5. From one of the marks on the top of the pipe, measure around the
the pipe a distance equal to 1/4 of the pipe circumference. Use the
center punch to make a mark at this point.
Spacing
Center Punch
Side View

July 2007
Single-Traverse Method 6. From the other mark on the top of the pipe, measure around the
(cont.) pipe in the opposite direction a distance equal to 1/4 of the pipe
circumference. Use the center punch to make a mark at this point.
Spacing
Center Punch
Side View
7. Center the long block over one of the center punch marks on the
side of the pipe. Align the long block so that the pressure bolt is
directly over the punch mark. Fasten the block to the pipe by
wrapping both chains around the pipe and fastening the chains to
the screw hooks on the opposite side of the block.
Fasten Chains
Top View

July 2007
Single-Traverse Method 8. Use the wing nuts to tighten the chains on the long block until the
(cont.) block is tightly secured to the pipe.
IMPORTANT: Make sure both chains are perpendicular to the bottom

of the block and are not twisted. If the chains are
slanted, the slack may cause the block to move
Tighten Screw
Hooks
Top View
9. Position the clamping fixture rails so that the fixed short block is
placed over the remaining center punch mark on the opposite side
of the pipe and the pressure bolt is directly over the punch mark.
Make sure the fixed short block is not positioned on top of the
chains of the long block. The adjustable short block may be placed
on either side of the long block chains.
Center Punch Fixed Block
Center Punch Top View

July 2007
Single-Traverse Method 10. Wrap onr short block chain around the pipe and fasten the chain
(cont.) to the screw hook on the opposite side of the block. Repeat this
for the other short block.
Note: Make sure the chains on both blocks are on the same side of
the fixture and are opposite the slide rail with the ruler.
Top View
11. Use the screw hooks to tighten the chains on both the fixed and
adjustable short blocks until both blocks are tightly secured to the
pipe.
IMPORTANT: Make sure the chains are perpendicular to the
clamping fixture and are not twisted. If the chains are
slanted, the slack may cause the fixture to move. Also
the transducer spacing dimension may change after
the transducers are mounted.

July 2007
Single-Traverse Method Figure 3-4 below shows a completed single-traverse installation

Side View
S
Top View
Figure 5-3: A Single-Traverse Clamping Fixture Installation
without Transducers

July 2007
Mounting Transducers into The last step in the installation is mounting the transducers into the
the UCF clamping fixture. Although not all transducer models are installed
exactly the same way, the following information provides some
general guidelines to help you.
The face of the transducer must be in contact with the pipe because
this is where the ultrasonic signal is emitted. All GE Sensing
transducers include a dimple, depression, or drill point on the side
opposite the face, for use as a guide in aligning and securing the
transducer. In addition, some transducers have scribe marks on the
side to assist in setting the transducer spacing. Figure 3-5 below
shows the two most commonly used transducers.
Dimple
Dimple
Scribe Marks
Figure 5-4: Transducer Dimples and Scribe Marks
To mount the transducers into the Universal Clamping Fixture,

complete the following steps:
1. Connect the transducer cables to the BNC connectors on the

transducers.
Cable Connection

July 2007
Mounting Transducers into 2. Apply a thin bead of couplant to one of the transducers. A bead
the UCF (cont.) approximately the size of a toothpaste bead should be placed down
the center of the transducer face.
3. Determine the upstream and downstream ends of the pipe and

place the appropriate transducer into the adjustable short block.
Make sure the transducer cable connector faces away from the
center of the installation.
Downstream Transducer
Flow
Top View

July 2007
Mounting Transducers into 4. Use the pressure bolt to secure the transducer in place. The
the UCF (cont.) pressure bolt should fit into the dimple on the transducer. Hand
tighten the bolt just enough to hold the transducer in place, but do
not overtighten it or the fixture will lift off the pipe.
Top View
5. Repeat Steps 1-4 to mount the other transducer in the fixed short
block. See Figure 3-6 on the following page for completed typical
UCF installations.
6. Connect the other end of the transducer cables to the flowmeter

electrical console (see your flowmeter manual for wiring
instructions).

July 2007
Mounting Transducers into

the UCF (cont.)
Double-Traverse Installation
Single-Traverse Installation
Figure 5-5: Completed UCF Installations with Transducers
Note: If you have mounted the transducers into the UCF properly,
the two transducer cable connectors will face away from each
other as shown above.

July 2007
Using the General The General Clamping Fixture (GCF) acts as a permanent transducer
Clamping Fixture - GCF holder. The fixture has two blocks (see Figure 3-7 below) that are
used for both double-traverse and single-traverse methods. Steel
straps secure the blocks to the pipe for a permanent installation. To
install the GCF, the blocks must first be positioned using the spacing
dimension (S) calculated by the flowmeter. Then, the transducers are
mounted into the blocks.
End View Side View
Figure 5-6: General Clamping Fixture Block
Proceed to the appropriate section for instructions on either the

double-traverse or single-traverse method.

July 2007
There are two advantages to using the double-traverse method:
• Measurement accuracy is improved because the ultrasonic signal is

in the fluid longer than with a single-traverse method.
• If there is enough pipe length available, the double-traverse fixture
is easier to install.
The procedure for mounting the GCF involves setting the transducer
spacing and fastening the fixture on the pipe.
The installation procedure for transducers using the double-traverse

method is as follows:
Line Top of Pipe
Side View

July 2007
Double-Traverse Method 4. Using a level and center punch, make two marks on the line drawn
Spacing
Mark Mark
Side View
5. From each of the marks on the top of the pipe, measure around the
pipe in the same direction a distance equal to 1/4 the pipe
circumference. Use the center punch to make a mark at each
location.
Spacing
Center Punch Marks Side View

July 2007
Double-Traverse Method 6. Center one of the blocks over one of the center punch marks on the
(cont.) side of the pipe. Align the block so that the pressure bolt is directly
over the punch mark. Secure the block by wrapping the two steel
straps around both the block and the pipe and tightening the straps.
IMPORTANT: Make sure both straps are perpendicular to the bottom

of the block. If the straps are slanted, the slack will
cause the block to move. Also the transducer spacing
dimension may change after the transducers are
mounted.
Top View
7. Repeat Step 6 to install the other block.
Top View

July 2007
Double-Traverse Method Figure 3-8 below shows a completed double-traverse installation

Top View
End View
Figure 5-7: A Double-Traverse GCF Installation
without Transducers

July 2007
The procedure for mounting the GCF for the single-traverse method
includes marking the pipe for the required transducer spacing,
fastening the fixture to the pipe, and then mounting the transducers
into the fixture.
To install the GCF, complete the following steps:
1. Choose a location for the installation that has at least 10 pipe

diameters of straight, undisturbed flow upstream and at least 5
pipe diameters of straight, undisturbed flow downstream from the
measurement point.
2. Prepare the pipe where you intend to place the GCF by making
sure it is clean and free of loose material. Sanding, though usually
not required, may be necessary to remove any high spots.
Line Top of Pipe
Side View

July 2007
Spacing
Mark Mark
Side View
Spacing
Center Punch
Side View

July 2007
Spacing
Center Punch
Side View
7. Center one of the blocks over one of the center punch marks on the
side of the pipe. Align the block so that the pressure bolt is directly
over the punch mark. Secure the block by wrapping the two steel
straps around both the block and the pipe and tightening the straps.
Top View

July 2007
Single-Traverse Method 8. Repeat Step 7 to install the other block on the pipe.
(cont.)
IMPORTANT: Make sure both straps are perpendicular to the bottom
of the block. If the straps are slanted, the slack will
cause the block to move. Also the transducer spacing
dimension may change after the transducers are
mounted.
Top View

July 2007
Single-Traverse Method Figure 3-9 below shows a single-traverse installation without the
(cont.) transducers. Proceed to the section on mounting the transducers later
in this chapter.
Top View
End View
Figure 5-8: A Single-Traverse GCF Installation

without Transducers

July 2007
the GCF clamping fixture. Although not all transducer models are installed
Dimple
Dimple
Scribe Marks
To mount the transducers into the general Clamping Fixture,


transducers.
Cable Connection

July 2007
the GCF (cont.) approximately the size of a toothpaste bead should be placed down

place one of the transducers into one of the blocks. Make sure the
transducer cable connector faces away from the center of the
installation.
Top View
4. Use the pressure bolt to secure the transducer in place. The

pressure bolt should fit into the dimple on the transducer. Hand

July 2007
Mounting Transducers into 5. Repeat Steps 1-4 to mount the other transducer in the remaining
the GCF (cont.) block. See Figure 3-11 below for completed typical GCF
installations.

instructions).
Figure 5-10: Completed GCF Installations
with Transducers
Note: If you have mounted the transducers into the GCF properly,

July 2007
Using the Magnetic The Magnetic Clamping Fixture (MCF) is used to fasten transducers
Clamping Fixture - MCF to the pipe at the proper spacing without chains or straps. Different
fixtures are used for the single-traverse and double-traverse methods.
Each type of MCF has magnets located in the two blocks at the ends
of the fixture. When the magnets are turned ON, the fixture is
magnetically clamped to the pipe wall.
!WARNING!
Do not use the MCF at temperatures that exceed 120°F
(49°C),or the fixture will fall off the pipe.
The transducer installation consists of mounting the MCF to the pipe

and then mounting the transducers into the fixture. To properly mount
the MCF, you should first become familiar with the components of
the fixture (see Figure 3-12 below). Then, refer to the appropriate
section for instructions on either the double-traverse or single-
traverse method.
Transducer Block Magnetic Block

Pressure Bolt
ON/OFF Switch
Thumbscrews
Figure 2: MCF Transducer Block and Magnetic Block

July 2007
The double-traverse MCF consists of a fixed magnetic block and an

adjustable magnetic block, which are connected by two rods (one of
the rods acts as a scale to help you properly space the transducers). In
addition, a fixed transducer block and an adjustable transducer block
are included. To install the MCF in a double-traverse configuration,

flowmeter user’s manual. Using the ruler on the MCF rod as a
guide, loosen the red thumbscrews and move the transducer
blocks so that the distance between them equals the S dimension.
Then, tighten the thumbscrews. Use the pressure bolts or the edges
of the blocks as reference points, as shown below.
IMPORTANT: Make sure there is at least 4” (100 mm) of clearance

between the fixed magnetic block and the nearest
transducer block.
S
S
Use one method to set spacing

July 2007
Double-Traverse Method 4. To ensure that there is enough clearance to mount the transducers
(cont.) in the blocks, move the adjustable magnetic block so that it is at
least 4” (100 mm) away from the nearest transducer block. Then,
secure the block to the rods with the thumbscrews.
At least 4”
5. Position the clamping fixture along the horizontal plane of the

pipe. It must not be on the top or bottom of the pipe.
Top View
6. Turn the switches on both magnets to the ON position.
Proceed to the section on mounting the transducers later in this

chapter.

July 2007
The single-traverse MCF consists of two sub-assemblies. Each sub-

assembly is made up of one adjustable transducer block, two
magnetic blocks and two connecting rods. The two sub-assemblies
must be installed on opposite sides of the pipe. To install the MCF in
a single-traverse configuration, complete the following steps:
Line Top of Pipe
Side View

July 2007
Spacing
Mark Mark
Side View
Spacing
Center Punch
Side View

July 2007
Spacing
Center Punch
Side View
7. On one of the MCF sub-assemblies, position the adjustable

transducer block anywhere along the rods, being sure to leave
enough room on both sides to easily insert the transducer. To move
the block, loosen the red thumbscrews, slide the block to the
desired location and tighten the thumbscrews. Use the pressure
bolt and the scale on the rod to position the block at the desired
location. Repeat the procedure for the other sub-assembly.
Thumb Screw

July 2007
Single-Traverse Method 8. Center the transducer block of one sub-assembly over one of the
(cont.) center punch marks on the side of the pipe. Align the block so that
the pressure bolt is directly over the punch mark.
Pressure Bolt
Top View
9. Turn the switches on both magnets to the ON position.
10. Repeat Steps 8 and 9 to mount the other sub-assembly on the

opposite side of the pipe.
Top View
Proceed to the section on mounting the transducers later in this

chapter.

July 2007
the MCF clamping fixture. Although not all transducer models are installed
Dimple
Dimple
Scribe Marks
To mount the transducers into the Magnetic Clamping Fixture,


transducers.
Cable Connection

July 2007
the MCF (cont.) approximately the size of a toothpaste bead should be placed down

place the appropriate transducer into the corresponding block on
one of the sub-assemblies. Make sure the transducer cable
connector faces away from the center of the installation.
Downstream Transducer
Flow
Top View

July 2007
Mounting Transducers into 4. Use the pressure bolt to secure the transducer in place. The
the MCF (cont.) pressure bolt should fit into the dimple on the transducer. Hand
Top View
5. Repeat Steps 1-4 to mount the remaining transducer in the other

sub-assembly. See Figure 3-14 on the following page for
completed typical MCF installations.

instructions).
!WARNING!
If your fixture is installed at an elevated location, GE
Sensing recommends securing the fixture with a tether
or leash to prevent injury if the MCF falls from the pipe.

July 2007

the MCF (cont.)
Figure 5-12: Completed MCF Installations
with Transducers
Note: If you have mounted the transducers into the MCF properly,

July 2007
Using the Small Pipe The Small Pipe Clamping Fixture (SPCF) is used on pipes from 1/2”
Clamping Fixture - SPCF (12.5 mm) to 2” (50 mm) in diameter and is supplied with the
transducers already installed. The SPCF measures flow using the
double-traverse method.
Note: Four-traverse applications are possible, but the SPCF cannot

be used for a single-traverse method (or an odd number of
traverses).
A variety of small pipe clamping fixtures available for standard,

weatherproof and explosion-proof installations. Although there are
differences between these fixtures, the basic installation procedures
are the same for all of them. Each SPCF consists of the following
components (see Figure 3-15 below):
• two Velcro straps
• two stainless steel straps or clamps
• one fixed transducer assembly
• one sliding transducer assembly with a pointer
• a ruler
Fixed Transducer Sliding Transducer

Assembly Assembly
Strap or Clamp
Figure 5-13: Components of the SPCF

July 2007
Installing the SPCF To install the SPCF, complete the following steps:

flowmeter user’s manual. Using the attached ruler on the SPCF as
a guide, loosen the nut 1/2 turn and move the sliding transducer so
that the distance between the transducers equals the S dimension.
Use the edge of the sliding transducer as as a reference point, as
shown below. Secure the transducer by tighteneing the nut.
Sliding Transducer
Spacing S
Nut
Top View
4. Apply a thin bead of couplant to each transducer face. The

couplant should not extrude from beneath the transducer face
when the SPCF is fastened to the pipe.

July 2007
Installing the SPCF (cont.) 5. Position the SPCF along the side of the pipe, as shown below. GE
Sensing recommends placing the fixture at a 45o angle for
optimum performance.
IMPORTANT: Do not place the SPCF on the top or bottom of the

pipe.
Caution!
If your pipe has a rough surface, do not slide the
transducer face over the surface of the pipe during
installation or you may damage the transducers.
45o
End View
Viewing Angle

July 2007
Installing the SPCF (cont.) 6. Using your hand, push the SPCF against the pipe and fasten it with
the straps provided. If the transducer cables have already been
connected, make sure the they are fed through the ends of the
clamping fixture. If the cables are caught under the clamping
fixture, the transducers will not make contact with the pipe.
IMPORTANT: The fabric Velcro straps can be used to a maximum

temperature of 170°F (77°C). For higher
temperatures, use the stainless steel straps.
Strap or Clamp
Transducer
Pipe
End View
7. Mount both electrical junction boxes and connect the transducer

cables to the transducers.
See the next page for examples of typical completed SPCF

installations.

July 2007
Typical SPCF Installations The figures in this section show typical completed SPCF installations.
Top View
Side View
Figure 5-14: Standard SPCF
Top View
Side View
Figure 5-15: Explosion-proof SPCF (European)

July 2007
Typical SPCF Installations

(cont.)
Top View
Side View
Figure 5-16: Explosion-proof SPCF (North American)

July 2007
Using the Yoke and Strap Another method for mounting transducers to the pipe is the Yoke and
Clamping Fixture Strap clamping fixture (see Figure 3-19 below). With this fixture, the
yokes are typically secured to the pipe with stainless steel straps.
Note: The yokes may also be welded to the pipe, but you must be
sure to follow all local codes, especially in pressurized vessel
applications.
Figure 5-17: Strap, Yoke and Transducer

July 2007
Using the Yoke and Strap Install the yoke and strap clamping fixture as follows:
Clamping Fixture (cont.)

flowmeter user’s manual.
IMPORTANT: The transducers must be installed along the horizontal

plane of the pipe. They must not be located on the top
or bottom of the pipe.
4. For a single-traverse installation, the transducers must be on
opposite sides of the pipe. For a double-traverse installation, the
transducers must be on the same side of the pipe. Determine which
type of installtion you require and then mark the pipe at the two
transducer locations.
Note: See the previous detailed GCF instructions for the techniques
required to mark the transducer locations.
5. Fasten the yokes to the pipe at the marked locations using the
stainless steel straps. Loosen the top pressure bolt and the side
support bolts on both yokes.
6. Install the transducers into the yokes and secure the transducers
into the fixture by tightening the side support bolts and the top
pressure bolt.

July 2007
TransFlection TransFlection measurements also require two transducers. These

Installations transducers must be mounted on the pipe using a TransFlection Mode
Clamping Fixture (TMCF) that is clamped to the pipe with a chain or
strap. Depending on the relative locations of the two transducers on
the pipe, different versions of the TMCF are required.
The following instructions are included in this section:
• mounting the TMCF in <180o configurations
• mounting the TMCF in 180o configurations
• mounting the transducers into the TMCF
Using the TransFlection The transducers can be mounted up to 180° apart around the
Mode Clamping Fixture - circumference of the pipe. The angle between the transducers is
TMCF dependent on the size of the pipe:
• The transducers are located opposite each other (180° apart) on

pipes with 2” (50 mm) to 4” (100 mm) diameters.
• For pipes larger than 4” (100 mm) in diameter, the transducers are
located less than 180° apart.
Note: If your process contains high concentrations of a two-phase

liquid, the transducers should be located less than 180° apart
for all pipe diameters.
Proceed to one of the following sections to properly mount the TMCF

on the pipe and install the transducers in the fixture.

July 2007
<180o Configuration To properly mount the TMCF and install the transducers in a <180o
configuration, complete the following steps:
1. Familiarize yourself with the components of the TMCF as shown

in the figure below.
Screw Hooks
Pressure Bolt
Linchpin
Brackets
Blocks
3. Estimate the distance required between the two blocks for your
installation, and connect the two brackets with the linchpin. If
necessary, the distance can be adjusted later.
Linchpin

July 2007
<180o Configuration 4. Position the fixture along a horizontal plane of the pipe. It must
(cont.) not be on the top or bottom of the pipe.
End View
5. Wrap the chains around the pipe and fasten them to the screw
hooks on the other block. If necessary, adjust the distance between
the blocks with the brackets and linchpin.
IMPORTANT: Make sure the chains are perpendicular to the blocks

and are not twisted.
End View

July 2007
<180o Configuration 6. Fine tune the angle between the blocks by adjusting the chain
(cont.) screw hooks and the block brackets as required. The blocks must
fit snugly against the pipe after the adjustments are completed.
IMPORTANT: Make sure the blocks are on a common axial plane so

the chains are not slanted. If the chains are slanted, the
slack may cause the fixture to move.
Figure 3-20 below shows a typical completed <180o TMCF

installation without transducers. Proceed to the section on mounting
the transducers later in this chapter.
End View
Side View
Figure 5-18: Completed <180o Installation

without Transducers

July 2007
180o Configuration To properly mount the TMCF and install the transducers in a 180o
configuration, complete the following steps:
1. Familiarize yourself with the components of the TMCF as shown

in the figure below.
Screw Hooks Pressure Bolt
Side View Front View
3. Estimate the distance required between the two blocks for your
installation, and connect the chains from one block to the screw
hooks on the other block. If necessary, the distance can be adjusted
later.

July 2007
180o Configuration (cont.) 4. Position the fixture along a horizontal plane of the pipe. It must
not be on the top or bottom of the pipe The blocks should be
exactly opposite each other (180o apart).
5. Wrap the remaining chains around the pipe and fasten them to the
screw hooks on the other block. Make sure the chains on both
sides of the pipe are approximately the same length.
6. Adjust the chains using the screw hooks on both blocks to fine
tune the angle between the blocks. Make sure the chains are not
twisted or slanted.

July 2007
180o Configuration (cont.) Figure 3-21 below shows a typical completed 180o TMCF installation
without transducers. Proceed to the section on mounting the
End View
Top View
Figure 5-19: Completed 180o Installation

without Transducers

July 2007
the TMCF clamping fixture. Although not all transducer models are installed
Dimple
Dimple
Scribe Marks
To mount the transducers into the Transflection Mode Clamping

Fixture, complete the following steps:

transducers.
Cable Connection

July 2007
Mounting Transducers into 2. Apply a thin bead of couplant to the center of each transducer
the TMCF (cont.) face. The couplant should not extrude from beneath the transducer
when it is fastened to the pipe.
3. Slide the transducer into one of the blocks.
Viewing Angle
4. Use the pressure bolt to secure the transducer in place. The

pressure bolt should fit into the dimple on the transducer. Hand
not overtighten it or the block will lift off the pipe.
5. Repeat Steps 1-4 to mount the other transducer in the remaining

block. See Figure 3-23 on the following page for completed
typical TMCF installations.

instructions).

July 2007

the TMCF (cont.)
180o Configuration (End View)
<180o Configuration (End View)
Figure 5-21: Completed TMCF Installations

with Transducers
Note: If you have mounted the transducers into the TMCF properly,

July 2007
Tips for Transflection Follow these tips to set up your TransFlection mode installation and
Mode Installations determine if the meter is operating properly:
1. Make sure the process flow rate is not less than 1 ft/sec (0.3 m/sec)
2. Determine if the composition of your process fluid is:
• Gas/Liquid
• Liquid/Solid
• Liquid/Soft Solid
If you know the composition of your process fluid, you can better
determine the “reflectivity” of the ultrasonic transducer signal. The
greater the ratio of the sound speeds (or densities) of the product
phases, the more perfect the reflection becomes. Use Table 3-3 below
to determine how well you can expect the signal to reflect
Table 6: Reflectivity of the Signal

Diagnostic Application
Category Ratio
Quality Example
Gas to 300:1500 Good Pump Cavitation/
Liquid (1:5) LNG
Liquid to 500:1000 Intermediate Coal Water
Solid (1:2) Slurry
Liquid to 500:500 Challenging Pulp Paper/
Soft Solid (1:1) Waste Water
3. Measure the process using the transit time method first. If you
have prior experience with the application, select the most suitable
transit time method and transducers. If you have little or no
experience with the application, try the following methods in the
order listed until you get good results, then proceed to step 4:
a. two-traverse with 1.0 MHz transducers
b. single-traverse with 1.0 MHz transducers

c. single-traverse with 0.5 MHz transducers.

July 2007
Tips for Transflection 4. If the transit time measurement:

Mode Installations (cont.)
• Almost works –
• install the transducers in the 180° configuration
• set the flowmeter Depth of Reflection to 50%
• set the flowmeter Reynolds Correction to ON
• Does not work at all -

• install the transducers in a 90° configuration
• set the flowmeter Depth of Reflection to 35-45%
• set the flowmeter Reynolds Correction to OFF
5. Check the transducer signal and refer to Table 3-4 below to

determine the quality of your signal. If the signal quality is good,
check the diagnostics against the values shown in Table 3-5 on
page 3-65. If the signal quality is not good: install the transducers
right next to each other, set the Depth of Reflection to 10-35%,
and set the Reynolds Correction to OFF. Then, check the
diagnostics again.
Table 7: Signal Quality

Evaluation Graphic Image of TransFlection Signal
0o Reflection
Ideal 360o
90o
Great
Application
270o
180o Point of Measure
Possible Possible Insufficient

Insufficient Reflec- Reflection
tion
OK Application

July 2007
Table 7: Signal Quality (cont.)

Evaluation Graphic Image of TransFlection Signal
No Secondary Initial Reflection - No

Reflection Secondary Reflection
from Process
Bad Application
No Received
Reflection -
Saturated Input
No Reflection
Bad Application
No Received Signal
No Received Signal
Bad Application
Possible Insufficient Reflection

Insufficient
Reflection
REP1/REP2
Programmi
Process Flow Too Slow
REP1/REP2 Programmed
Too Low

July 2007
Tips for Transflection

Mode Installations (cont.) Table 8: TransFlection Mode Diagnostics
Gas/ Liquid/
Diagnostic Liquid Liquid/Solid Soft Solid
RPWR 60 to 70 60 to 65 55 to 65
RQUAL 60 to 70 60 to 65 55 to 65
INCO1 ±10%, maximum 15%
INCO2 ±10%, maximum 15%
REP P Within programmed limits of REP1 and REP2
Note: Use the dual display to view RPWR and RQUAL

simultaneously. These diagnostics should be within ± 10% of
each other. Do the same for INCO1 and INCO2. These
diagnostics should also be within ± 10% of each other.
6. Evaluate the results:
Table 9: Evaluation Diagnostics

If the Diagnostics And the Signal Then the Flow
are: Shape is: Measurement is:
Within Range Ideal to Good Accurate*
Within Range Irregular Incorrect
Out of Range Good Incorrect
Out of Range Irregular Incorrect
*If the diagnostics and signal shape are good but the flow reading is
lower than expected, this could be caused by too low a value entered
as the Depth of Reflection (e.g. 10 to 35%). In these situations, the
flow measurement is incorrect.

USA
1100 Technology Park Drive
Billerica, MA 01821-4111
Web: www.gesensing.com
Ireland
Sensing House
Shannon Free Zone East
Shannon, County Clare

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GE

Panametrics Ultrasonic Flow Transducers

Panametrics Ultrasonic Flow Transducers

Warranty Each instrument manufactured by GE Sensing is warranted to be free

• one year for general electronic failures of the instrument

• one year for mechanical failures of the sensor

Return Policy If a GE Sensing instrument malfunctions within the warranty period,

• If the damage is covered under the terms of the warranty, the

• If GE Sensing determines that the damage is not covered under the

Transducer Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Wetted Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Clamp-On Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Transducer Position and Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Chapter 2: Wetted Transducers

Types of Flowcells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Tilted Diameter Flowcells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Axial-Path Offset Flowcells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Building a Wetted Flowcell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Installing a Spoolpiece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Cold Tapping into an Existing Pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Wetted Transducer Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Installing Transducers Directly into the Flowcell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

Installing Transducers with PanAdapta Plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

Installing Threaded Type PanAdapta Plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

Installing Welded Type PanAdapta Plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

Installing Flanged Type PanAdapta Plugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

Installing the Wetted Transducers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18

Removing Transducers from PanAdapta Plugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18

Table of Contents (cont.)

Assembling Bundle PanAdapta Plugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20

Inserting the Bundle PanAdapta Plug into the Nozzle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22

Tightening the Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25

Installing the BWT Transducer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27

Chapter 3: Clamp-On Transducers

Transit-Time Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

TransFlection Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Transit-Time Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Determining the Number of Traverses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Using the Universal Clamping Fixture -UCF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Using the General Clamping Fixture - GCF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20

Using the Magnetic Clamping Fixture - MCF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33

Using the Small Pipe Clamping Fixture - SPCF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44

Using the Yoke and Strap Clamping Fixture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-50

TransFlection Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-52

Using the TransFlection Mode Clamping Fixture - TMCF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-52

Tips for Transflection Mode Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-62

Transducer Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Transducer Position and Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Before you begin installation, you should familiarize yourself with

If you have any questions or problems, contact GE Sensing for

Upon request, GE Sensing can set up in-plant or on-site, hands-on

General Information 1-1

Wetted Transducers GE Panametrics standard wetted transducers are typically flat-faced

GE Panametrics has also developed hybrid transducers that consist of

For high-temperature applications, the Bundle Waveguide

1-2 General Information

Figure 1-1 below shows the most common types of transducers.

Figure 1-1: Four Types of Clamp-On Transducers

General Information 1-3