Constitution of Tuvalu: Human Rights in Tuvalu
Constitution of Tuvalu: Human Rights in Tuvalu
Constitution of Tuvalu: Human Rights in Tuvalu
The Constitution of Tuvalu states that it is "the supreme law of Tuvalu" and that "all other laws
shall be interpreted and applied subject to this Constitution"; it sets out the Principles of the Bill
of Rights and the Protection of the Fundamental Rights and Freedoms.[81][82]
Tuvalu is a parliamentary democracy and Commonwealth realm with Queen Elizabeth II serving
as the country's head of state and bearing the title Queen of Tuvalu. Since the Queen does not
reside in the islands, she is represented in Tuvalu by a Governor General, whom she appoints
upon the advice of the Prime Minister of Tuvalu.[79] In 1986 and 2008, referenda confirmed the
monarchy.
From 1974 (the creation of the British colony of Tuvalu) until independence, the legislative body
of Tuvalu was called the House of the Assembly or Fale I Fono. Following independence in
October 1978, the House of the Assembly was renamed the Parliament of Tuvalu or Palamene o
Tuvalu.[79] The unicameral Parliament has 15 members, with elections held every four years. The
members of parliament select the Prime Minister (who is the head of government) and the
Speaker of Parliament. The ministers that form the Cabinet are appointed by the Governor
General on the advice of the Prime Minister. There are no formal political parties; election
campaigns are largely based on personal/family ties and reputations.
The Tuvalu National Library and Archives holds "vital documentation on the cultural, social and
political heritage of Tuvalu", including surviving records from the colonial administration, as
well as Tuvalu government archives.[83]
Tuvalu is a state party to the following human rights treaties: the Convention on the Rights of the
Child (CRC); the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women
(CEDAW) and; the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).[84] Tuvalu
has commitments to ensuring human rights are respected under the Universal Periodic Review
(UPR), the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Te Kakeega III – National Strategy
for Sustainable Development-2016-2020 (TK III), which sets out the development agenda of the
Government of Tuvalu. TK III includes new strategic areas, in addition to the eight identified in
TK II, which are climate change; environment; migration and urbanisation; and oceans and
seas.[85]