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    The World Health Organization Estimates That Worldwide: The Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

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    pasha
    Influenza is a highly contagious airborne disease that causes seasonal epidemics and results in acute febrile illness ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. It causes significant loss of work and productivity as well as mortality each year, with the WHO estimating annual influenza epidemics result in 3-5 million cases of severe illness and 250,000-500,000 deaths worldwide. In the US alone, influenza has resulted in 3,000-49,000 deaths annually from 1976-2006, and over 900,000 hospitalizations and 80,000 deaths during the 2017-2018 flu season.

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    The World Health Organization Estimates That Worldwide: The Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

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    pasha
    47 views4 pages
    Influenza is a highly contagious airborne disease that causes seasonal epidemics and results in acute febrile illness ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. It causes significant loss of work and productivity as well as mortality each year, with the WHO estimating annual influenza epidemics result in 3-5 million cases of severe illness and 250,000-500,000 deaths worldwide. In the US alone, influenza has resulted in 3,000-49,000 deaths annually from 1976-2006, and over 900,000 hospitalizations and 80,000 deaths during the 2017-2018 flu season.

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    Flu

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    Influenza is a highly contagious airborne disease that causes seasonal epidemics and results in acute febrile illness ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. It causes significant loss of work and productivity as well as mortality each year, with the WHO estimating annual influenza epidemics result in 3-5 million cases of severe illness and 250,000-500,000 deaths worldwide. In the US alone, influenza has resulted in 3,000-49,000 deaths annually from 1976-2006, and over 900,000 hospitalizations and 80,000 deaths during the 2017-2018 flu season.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    47 views4 pages

    The World Health Organization Estimates That Worldwide: The Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

    Uploaded by

    pasha
    Influenza is a highly contagious airborne disease that causes seasonal epidemics and results in acute febrile illness ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. It causes significant loss of work and productivity as well as mortality each year, with the WHO estimating annual influenza epidemics result in 3-5 million cases of severe illness and 250,000-500,000 deaths worldwide. In the US alone, influenza has resulted in 3,000-49,000 deaths annually from 1976-2006, and over 900,000 hospitalizations and 80,000 deaths during the 2017-2018 flu season.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Influenza, one of the most common infectious diseases, is a

    highly contagious airborne disease that occurs in seasonal


    epidemics and manifests as an acute febrile illness with variable
    degrees of systemic symptoms, ranging from mild fatigue to
    respiratory failure and death. Influenza causes significant loss of
    workdays, human suffering, and mortality. The World Health
    Organization estimates that worldwide annual influenza
    epidemics result in about 3-5 million cases of severe illness and
    about 250,000-500,000 deaths. The Centers for Disease Control
    and Prevention (CDC) estimates that flu-associated deaths in the
    United States ranged from about 3000 to 49,000 annually
    between 1976 and 2006. During the 2017-2018 flu season,
    900,000 people were hospitalized and 80,000 died in the United
    States.

    Which of the following is accurate regarding influenza transmission and infection?

    Influenza B is generally more pathogenic than influenza A

    Adults typically shed the influenza virus longer than children

    Transmission of influenza from asymptomatic persons is possible

    Eating poultry or pork infected with influenza may still transmit infection, even
    when properly cooked

    Influenza viruses spread from human to human via aerosols


    created when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. Infection
    occurs after an immunologically susceptible person inhales the
    aerosol. As in other viral infections, systemic symptoms result
    from release of inflammatory mediators. The incubation period of
    influenza ranges from 1 to 4 days. Aerosol transmission may
    occur 1 day before the onset of symptoms; thus, it may be
    possible for transmission to occur from asymptomatic persons or
    persons with subclinical disease who may be unaware that they
    have been exposed to the disease.
    Influenza results from infection with one of three basic types of
    influenza virus: A, B, or C. Influenza A is generally more
    pathogenic than influenza B. Epidemics of influenza type C have
    been reported, especially in young children and military recruits;
    however, the disease course is usually less severe than that
    associated with influenza A. Fever is less prominent with type C.
    Viral shedding occurs at the onset of symptoms or just before the
    onset of illness (0-24 hours). Shedding continues for 5-10 days.
    Young children may shed virus longer, placing others at risk of
    contracting infection. In highly immunocompromised persons,
    shedding may persist for weeks to months.
    Transmission of influenza from poultry or pigs to humans
    appears to occur predominantly as a result of direct contact with
    infected animals. The risk is especially high during slaughter and
    preparation for consumption; eating properly cooked meat poses
    no risk.

    Which of the following is accurate regarding the presentation and physical examination
    of patients with influenza?

    Diarrhea associated with influenza infection is more commonly seen in adults


    than in children

    Fever associated with influenza infection is generally lower in young adults than
    in elderly patients

    Nasal discharge is present in most patients with influenza, and rhinitis is


    commonly the chief symptom

    Onset of influenza symptoms can occur suddenly or can progress more slowly,
    and patients who received vaccine may have milder symptoms

    The presentation of influenza virus infection varies; however, it


    usually includes many of the symptoms described below.
    Patients with influenza who have preexisting immunity or who
    have received vaccine may have milder symptoms. Onset of
    illness can occur suddenly over the course of a day, or it can
    progress more slowly over the course of several days. Typical
    signs and symptoms include (not necessarily in order of
    prevalence):
     Cough and other respiratory symptoms
     Fever
     Headache
     Myalgias
     Nasal discharge
     Red, watery eyes
     Sore throat
     Tachycardia
     Weakness and severe fatigue
    Cough and other respiratory symptoms may be initially minimal
    but frequently progress as the infection evolves. Patients may
    report nonproductive cough, cough-related pleuritic chest pain,
    and dyspnea. In children, diarrhea may be a feature.
    The general appearance varies among patients who present with
    influenza. Some patients appear acutely ill, with some weakness
    and respiratory findings, whereas others appear only mildly ill.
    Upon examination, patients may have some or all of the
    following findings:
     Fever of 100-104°F; fever is generally lower in elderly
    patients than in young adults
     Tachycardia, which most likely results from hypoxia, fever,
    or both
     Pharyngitis—Even in patients who report a severely sore
    throat, findings may range from minimal infection to more
    severe inflammation
     Eyes may be red and watery
     Skin may be warm to hot, depending on core temperature
    status; patients who have been febrile with poor fluid intake
    may show signs of mild volume depletion with dry skin
     Pulmonary findings may include dry cough with clear lungs
    or rhonchi, as well as focal wheezing
     Nasal discharge is absent in most patients
     Fatigued appearance
    endonuclease inhibitor that blocks influenza virus proliferation by
    inhibiting the initiation of mRNA synthesis, has received approval
    in Japan for the treatment of influenza and is under study in the
    United States.

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