EEE – 752

ELECTRIC DRIVES
LAB
MANUAL
 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Note: Minimum 10 experiments are to be performed from the following out

of which at least three should be simulation based.

(A) Hardware Based Experiments:

1. To study speed control of separately excited dc motor by varying armature

voltage using single phase fully controlled bridge converter.

2. To study speed control of separately excited dc motor by varying armature

voltage using single phase half controlled bridge converter.

3. To study speed control of separately excited dc motor using single phase

dual converter (Static Ward-Leonard Control).

4. To study speed control of separately excited dc motor using MOSFET/

IGBT chopper.

5. To study closed loop control of separately excited dc motor.

6. To study speed control of single phase induction motor using single phase
ac voltage controller.

7. To study speed control of three phase induction motor using three phase
ac voltage controller.

8. To study speed control of three phase induction motor using three phase
current source inverter.

9. To study speed control of three phase induction motor using three phase
voltage source inverter.

10. To study speed control of three phase slip ring induction motor using
static rotor resistance control using rectifier and chopper.

11. To study speed control of three phase slip ring induction motor using
static scherbius slip power recovery control scheme.
(B) Simulation Based Experiments (using MATLAB or other software)

12. To study starting transient response of separately excited dc motor.

13. To study speed control of separately excited dc motor using single phase
fully / half controlled bridge converter in discontinuous and continuous
current modes.

14. To study speed control of separately excited dc motor using chopper

control in motoring and braking modes.

15. To study starting transient response of three phase induction motor.

16. To study speed control of three phase induction motor using

(a) constant/V/F control
(b) ConstantVoltage and frequency control.
 EXPERIMENT NO.: 1

OBJECT:

To study speed control of single phase induction motor using single phase ac
voltage Controller (TRIAC).

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Apparatus Name Ratings Quantity

1 Single phase induction motor
2 Ac regulator use of triac kit
3 Tachometer
4 Voltmeter
5 Connecting Leads
6 Power Supply

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

The circuit diagram of speed control of single phase induction motor using
single phase ac voltage Controller (TRIAC) is shown in the figure given
below:-

Figure: Circuit diagam of speed control of 1-φ induction motor using

TRIAC
THEORY:

The circuit connections are made as shown in figure. The capacitor C is

charged through the controlled resistor R. The resistance is used to protect
the potentiometer by limiting the capacitor charging current. The diac
conducts when the voltage on the capacitor reaches its break over voltage of
sufficient amplitude and width to trigger the triac. Because the operation
across on each half cycle of the applied voltage the triac , therefore is
triggered and conducts on each half cycle of the input supply voltage.

PROCEDURE:

1. Make the connections as shows.

2. Switch on the power supply.
3. Charge the potentiometer resistance R.
4. Observe motor speed by tachometer.
5. Observe voltage between its terminals.
6. Repeat steps 3, 4,and 5.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

S.NO. Firing Angle Voltage across the motor Motor speed

1
2
3
4
5
RESULT:

The graph between the motor speed and terminal voltage is as shown in the
figure:

Figure: The graph between the motor speed and terminal voltage

PRECAUTIONS:

1. All wiring connections should be right and tight.

2. All steps should be followed carefully.
3. Readings and calculations should be proper.
4. Don’t touch the live terminals.
 EXPERIMENT NO.: 2

OBJECT:

To study speed control of separately excited dc motor by varying armature

voltage using single phase half controlled bridge converter.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Apparatus Name Ratings Quantity

1 Separately exited DC motor
2 Single Phase Half Controlled Bridge
3 Firing Pulse Generator
4 Resistive Load(Lamp)
5 Inductive Load(Choke)
6 1:10 Attenuator for CRO
7 Isolated ac supply for CRO
8 Voltmeter
9 Ammeter
10 Lamp Holder
11 Connecting Leads
12 Power Supply

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Figure: Circuit diagram of single phase half controlled bridge

The circuit diagrams of single phase half controlled bridge firing circuit to
fire the SCRs of the bridge are shown in the figures.

Figure: firing circuit to fire the SCRs

THEORY:

The use of single phase fully controlled bridge converter in industries for
speed control of DC motor, temperature control of electrical furnaces, light
dimmer, battery chargers etc. In all these applications the fire angle is
controlled and feedback circuit is made depending on the requirements. The
used firing circuits is tried to make simple, friendly and easily
understandable.

There are two circuits used in single phase half controlled bridge converter:
1. single phase half controlled bridge
2. firing circuit to fire the SCRs of the bridge

In a cycle of source voltage , the thyristor SCR 1 receives gate or firing pulse
from α to π and the thyristor SCR2 receives gate or firing pulse from (π+α) to
2π. When the thyristor SCR1 is fired at α, motor gets connected to source
through SCR1 and D1 and terminal voltage is equal to source voltage. The
armature current flows and D2 gets forward biased at π. Consequently
armature current freewheels through the path D 1 and D2 and the motor
terminal voltage is zero. Armature current becomes zero as conduction of D 2
reverse biases the SCR1 until the SCR2 is fired at (π+α). Next cycle of the
motor terminal voltage stars in similar procedure. The RC networks R1 and
C1, R2 and C2, R3 and C3 and R4 and C4, are used to protect the concerned
thyristors.
OBSERVATION TABLE:

S.No. Speed, N in rpm Armature Voltage, Va in volts

RESULT:

The study speed control of separately excited dc motor by varying armature

voltage using single phase half controlled bridge converter were studied.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. All wiring connections should be right and tight.

2. All steps should be followed carefully.
3. Readings and calculations should be proper.
4. Don’t touch the live terminals.
5. Voltage should not exceed more than 250 V.
 EXPERIMENT NO.: 3

OBJECT:

To study speed control of separately excited dc motor by varying armature

voltage using single phase fully controlled bridge converter.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Apparatus Name Ratings Quantity

1 Separately exited DC motor
2 Single Phase fully Controlled Bridge
3 Firing Pulse Generator
4 Resistive Load(Lamp)
5 Inductive Load(Choke)
6 1:10 Attenuator for CRO
7 Isolated ac supply for CRO
8 Voltmeter
9 Ammeter
10 Lamp Holder
11 Connecting Leads
12 Power Supply

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Figure: Circuit diagram of single phase fully controlled bridge

The circuit diagrams of single phase fully controlled bridge firing circuit to
fire the SCRs of the bridge are shown in the figures.

Figure: firing circuit to fire the SCRs

THEORY:

The use of single phase fully controlled bridge converter in industries for
speed control of DC motor, temperature control of electrical furnaces, light
dimmer, battery chargers etc. In all these applications the fire angle is
controlled and feedback circuit is made depending on the requirements. The
used firing circuits is tried to make simple, friendly and easily
understandable.

There are two circuits used in single phase fully controlled bridge converter:
1. single phase fully controlled bridge
2. firing circuit to fire the SCRs of the bridge

In a cycle of source voltage , the thyristors SCR 1 and SCR3 receive gate or
firing pulse from α to π and the thyristors SCR 2 and SCR4 receive gate or
firing pulse from (π+α) to 2π. When the thyristors SCR1 and SCR3 are fired
at α, motor gets connected to source through SCR 1 and SCR3 and terminal
voltage is equal to source voltage. Armature current becomes zero untill the
SCR2 and SCR4 are fired at (π+α). Next cycle of the motor terminal voltage
stars in similar procedure. The RC networks R 1 and C1, R2 and C2, R3 and C3
and R4 and C4, are used to protect the concerned thyristors.
OBSERVATION TABLE:

S.No. Speed, N in rpm Armature Voltage, Va in volts

RESULT:

The study speed control of separately excited dc motor by varying armature

voltage using single phase half controlled bridge converter were studied.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. All wiring connections should be right and tight.

2. All steps should be followed carefully.
3. Readings and calculations should be proper.
4. Don’t touch the live terminals.
5. Voltage should not exceed more than 250 V.
 EXPERIMENT NO.: 4

OBJECT:

To study closed loop control of separately excited dc motor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Apparatus Name Ratings Quantity

1 Separately exited DC motor
2 Rheostat
3 Tachometer
4 Voltmeter
5 Ammeter
6 Connecting Leads
7 Power Supply

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

The circuit diagram of closed loop control of separately excited dc motor is

shown in the figure.

Figure: Closed loop speed control of separately excited dc motor

 Figure: Closed loop current control of separately excited dc motor

THEORY:

DC motor speed control required in several industries like thread

manufacturing, cutting machines etc. In heavy industries machine soft
starting is essential so that is achieved by motor speed control like in crane
operation to avoid hammering to object or machine. DC motor speed control
can achieve by using variac, rheostat and by power electronics devices like
as SCR.

There are two methods to control the speed of DC motor as follows:

1. Speed of the DC motor can be controlled above the normal range of
speed by varying the resistance in the circuit included in the form of a
rheostat as a variable resistance (armature control).
2. Speed of the DC motor can be controlled above the normal range of
speed by decreasing the flux φ i.e. by decreasing the current in the
field circuit by including as external resistance in the form of a
rheostat as a variable resistance (field control).

The basic approach of closed loop control of speed of separately excited dc

motor below and above the base speed is explained as shown in the figure.
Such a drive will operate on a constant field and variable armature voltage
below the base speed and at constant armature voltage with variable field,
are therefore fed from fully controlled rectifier. The drive will de-accelerate
due to load torque only because of an inner current control with current
limiter.
OBSERVATION TABLE:

S.No. Speed, N in rpm Armature Voltage, Va in volts

RESULT:

The study of closed loop control of separately excited dc motor was studied.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. All wiring connections should be right and tight.

2. All steps should be followed carefully.
3. Readings and calculations should be proper.
4. Don’t touch the live terminals.
5. Voltage should not exeed more than 250 V.
 EXPERIMENT NO.: 5

OBJECT:
To study speed control of three phase slip ring induction motor using
static rotor resistance control using rectifier and chopper.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Apparatus Name Ratings Quantity

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

The circuit diagram of speed control of three phase slip ring induction motor
using static rotor resistance control using rectifier and chopper is shown in
the figure.

Figure: Circuit diagram of speed control of three phase slip ring induction
motor using static rotor resistance
THEORY:

The speed control by means of slip variation can be activated by employing

a variable resistance in the rotor circuit. The maximum torque does not
depend upon the value of rotor resistance. The rotor resistance influences
slip at which maximum torque occurs.
The rotor speed of a 3-φ slip ring induction motorcan be controlled by the
following methods:
1. By inserting the rotor resistance
2. By varying the stetor voltage
3. By slip power recovery scheme
4. By injecting a voltage of slip frequency in the rotor circuit

The operation of speed control by changing the rotor resistance is similar to

the speed control of DC shunt motor by inserting the resistance in the
armature circuit. The main disadvantage of this method is that the efficiency
is low due to the large ohmic losses in the rotor resistance.

The operation consists of 2 parts:

(a) Power circuit
(b) Control circuit

In power circuit the 3 phase rectifier is used to convert 3 phase rotor supply
to DC supply. An inductor is connected in series with the DC supply for the
smoothness of DC. An Mosfet is provided for chopper control mounted on a
proper heat sink. All the points are brought out on the front panel for
interconnections.
The control circuit generates driver output for driving the Mosfet in Chopper
mode. The duty cycle is varied for changing the speed. Soft start and soft
stop is provided for the driver output.
OBSERVATION TABLE:

S.No. Speed (rpm) Bulb on/off

RESULT:

The study of speed control of three phase slip ring induction motor using
static rotor resistance control using rectifier and chopper was studied.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. always keep some resistance in between the rotor circuit.

2. the ON time control pot must be in OFF position because no control is
possible if Mosfet has burnt out.
 EXPERIMENT NO.: 6

OBJECT:

To study speed control of three phase induction motor using three phase
ac voltage controller.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No. Apparatus Name Ratings Quantity

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

The circuit diagram of speed control of three phase induction motor using
three phase ac voltage controller is shown in the figure.

Figure: 3-φ ac voltage controller feeding a 3-φ induction motor

THEORY:

3-φ induction motors are admirably suited to fulfill the demand of loads
requiring substantially a constant speed. Several industrial applications,
however, need adjustable speeds for their efficient operation. The object of
the present section is to describe the basic principles of speed control
techniques employed to 3-φ induction motors through the use of power
electronics converters. The various methods of speed control through
semiconductor devices are as under:
1. Stator voltage control
2. Stator frequency control
3. Stator voltage and frequency control
4. Stator rotor resistance control
5. Slip power recovery scheme

STATOR VOLTAGE CONTROL

The operation consists of 2 parts:

(a) Power circuit
(b) Control circuit

In power circuit the 3 phase rectifier is used to convert 3 phase rotor supply
to DC supply. An inductor is connected in series with the DC supply for the
smoothness of DC. An Mosfet is provided for chopper control mounted on a
proper heat sink. All the points are brought out on the front panel for
interconnections.

The control circuit generates driver output for driving the Mosfet in Chopper
mode. The duty cycle is varied for changing the speed. Soft start and soft
stop is provided for the driver output.

The motor torque Te is proportional to the square of the stator supply

voltage. A reduction in the supply voltage will reduce the motor torque and
therefore speed of the drive. If the motor terminal voltage is reduced to KV1
where K<1, then the motor torque is given by:
For the purpose of varying the voltage applied to a 3-φ induction motor so as
to achieve a speed control, a 3-φ ac voltage controller is usually employed.
The figure shows a 3-φ ac voltage controller feeding a 3-φ induction motor.

By controlling the firing angle of the thyristors connected in anti-parallel in

each phase , the rms value of the stator voltage can be regulated. Thus motor
torque and speed of the drive is controlled.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

S.No. Speed (rpm) Line Voltage (V) Phase current (A)

RESULT:

The study of speed control of three phase induction motor using three phase
ac voltage controller was studied.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. All wiring connections should be right and tight.

2. All steps should be followed carefully.
3. Readings and calculations should be proper.
4. Don’t touch the live terminals.
 EXPERIMENT NO.: 7

OBJECT:

To study speed control of dc shunt motor using MATLAB software.

PROBLEM:

A 220V , 2000rpm DC shunt motor has armature and field resistance of 0.5
and 400Ω respectively. It drives a load whose torque is constant at rated
motor torque with input current 10.5A. Calculate motor speed if the source
voltage drops to 175V.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Computer with MATLAB software.

PROGRAM:

The program for obtaining the motor speed at different voltage is shown
below:

V1=input('enter the value of input voltage,V1=');

V2=input('enter the value of input voltage,V2=');
ia1=input('enter the value of input current,i=');
ra=input('enter the value of armature resistance,ra=');
rf=input('enter the value of field resistance,rf=');
n1=input('enter the value of speed,n1=');
e1=V1-(ia1*ra);
ia2=(V1*ia1)/V2;
e2=V2-(ia2*ra);
n2=(e2*V1*n1)/(e1*V2)
RESULT:

The output may be obtained by using the commands in command window as

follows:

enter the value of input voltage,V1=220

enter the value of input voltage,V2=175
enter the value of input current,i=10.5
enter the value of armature resistance,ra=.5
enter the value of field resistance,rf=400
enter the value of speed,n1=2000

n2 =

1.9716e+003
 EXPERIMENT NO.: 8

OBJECT:

To study speed control of separately excited dc motor using MATLAB

software.

PROBLEM:

A 220V, 875rpm, 150A separately exited DC motor has an armature

resistance of 0.06Ω. It is fed from a single phase fully controlled rectifier
with an ac source voltage of 220V and 50Hz. Assuming continuous
conduction, calculate firing angle for rated motor torque-
1. 750rpm
2. 500rpm

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Computer with MATLAB software.

PROGRAM:

The program for obtaining the motor speed at different voltage is shown
below:

V=input('enter the value of input voltage,V=');

n1=input('enter the value of speed,n=');
i1=input('enter the value of input current,i1=');
n2=input('enter the value of input speed,n2=');
ra=input('enter the value of armature resistance,ra=');
e1=V1-(i1*ra);
e2=(n2*e1)/n1;
Ea=e2+(i1*ra);
V2=e2+(i1*ra);
alpha=acos((Ea*pi)/(2*220*sqrt(2)))
RESULT:

The output may be obtained by using the commands in command window as

follows:

enter the value of input voltage,V=220

enter the value of speed,n=875
enter the value of input current,i1=150
enter the value of input speed,n2=750
enter the value of armature resistance,ra=.06

alpha =

0.2890

enter the value of input voltage,V=220

enter the value of speed,n=875
enter the value of input current,i1=150
enter the value of input speed,n2=500
enter the value of armature resistance,ra=.06

alpha =
0.8577
 EXPERIMENT NO.: 9

OBJECT:

To study starting transient response of three phase induction motor using

MATLAB software.

PROBLEM:

Obtain the transient and steady state response of a 220 V, 1725 rpm, 3 HP,
60 Hz and 11.9 N-m three phase induction motor using MATLAB software .

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Computer with MATLAB software.

SIMULINK MODEL:

The simulink model of the three phase induction motor is shown below:

Figure: Simulink diagram of three phase induction motor

RESULT:

The output responses of speed, torque and current of three phase induction
motor are as follows:

Figure: Response of torque of three phase induction motor

Figure: Response of speed of three phase induction motor

Figure: Response of stator current of three phase induction motor

Figure: Response of rotor current of three phase induction motor

 EXPERIMENT NO.: 10

OBJECT:

To study starting transient response of separately excited dc motor using

MATLAB software.

PROBLEM:

Obtain the transient and steady state response of a 240 V, 1220 rpm, 5 HP,
16.2A and 0.2287 N-m separately excited dc motor using MATLAB
software .

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Computer with MATLAB software.

SIMULINK MODEL:

The simulink model of the separately excited dc motor is shown below:

Figure: Simulink diagram of separately excited dc motor

RESULT:

The output responses of speed, torque and current of separately excited dc

motor are as follows:

Figure: Response of speed of separately excited dc motor

Figure: Response of torque of separately excited dc motor

Figure: Response of current of separately excited dc motor