CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. The Background of the Study

English is the international language. By mastering the English

language well, then we will be able to communicate with other nations
in the world. In addition, we will be able to add insight and knowledge
for the progress of our nation and our country, because we will be able
to read English literature, listening to radio broadcasts abroad, as well
as films the other sciences. Thus, in the end we can master the
knowledge-knowledge in all fields.

Tense is one of the most important parts in English. Tense is

needed to speak in English correctly and fluently. It is in line what
Patricia Wilcox Peterson says: “Changing Times, Changing Tenses”. It
can be said that tenses can change in a different time or situation.

Semantics is the study of meaning. It is a wide subject within

the general study of language. An understanding of semantics is
essential to the study of language acquisition (how language users
acquire a sense of meaning, as speakers and writers, listeners and
readers) and of language change (how meanings alter over time). It is
important for understanding language in social contexts, as these are
likely to affect meaning, and for understanding varieties of English
and effects of style. It is thus one of the most fundamental concepts
in linguistics. The study of semantics includes the study of how
meaning is constructed, interpreted, clarified, obscured, illustrated,
simplified negotiated, contradicted and paraphrased.

In the writer’s opinion, problem in tenses is to decide which

tense to use in a given situation. In order to choose tenses correctly
and easily, the students should understand the meaning of the tense
itself. It is about the ‘time picture’ which is given in a situation, or

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condition. And problem in semantics is used to understand human
expression through language.

Talking about tense, the writer insists to focus her paper on

discussing the Future Tense. And talking about semantics, the writer
just focus her paper on the antonym.

B. Formulation of the Problem

1. What are definition of Future Tense and Antonym?

2. What are types of Future Tense and Antonym?

3. How about the more examples of Future Tense and Antonym?

C. Purpose of Writing

1. To introduce the readers about Future Tense and Antonym in

English

2. To give the readers some explanation about the types of Future

Tense and Antonym

3. To arouse the interest of the readers to know and learn about

the types of Future Tense and Antonym in English

4. This paper can be used as a reference to know more about the

types Future Tense and antonym in English.

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Definition of Future Tense and Antonym

Tense is an aspect of verb which tells the time of an

action is called tense. Tenses have certain rules, according to

which a sentence is made. There are mainly three kinds of

tenses, that is Present tense, Past tense, and Future tense. But,

in this section, Future Tense has the meaning is a type of verb.

Shows an action or state will happen at a future time. Created

to name a form of verb. Verb can be changed to other forms.

Antonyms are words which are opposite, or nearly

opposite, in meaning. In this section, you are given a capitalized

word and asked to choose a word, or phrase, which is most

nearly opposite in meaning to that word.

B. Types of Future Tense and Antonym

 The types of Future Tense:
a. Future simple tense
It is used to express an action which has not
occurred yet and will occur after saying or in future. For
example, “I will go to zoo tomorrow”, in this sentence the
person intend for tomorrow’s visit to zoo. In short, these
sentences express actions which will be done in future.

Rules. Auxiliary verb “will” is used in sentence. 1st form

of verb or base form is used as main verb in sentence.

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 Structure of sentence
Positive sentence:
 Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (present participle) + object
 Subject + will + (1st form of verb or base form +ing) + object

Examples.
 I will buy a computer tomorrow.
 They will come here.

Negative sentence
 Subject + auxiliary verb+ not + main verb (present participle) +
object
 Subject + will +not + (1st form of verb or base form +ing) + object

To make negative sentence “not” is written after

auxiliary verb in sentence.
Examples.
 I will not buy a computer tomorrow
 They will not come here

Interrogative sentence:
 Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (present participle) + object
 Will + subject + (1st form of verb or base form +ing) + object

Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb

“will”
Examples.
 Will I buy a computer tomorrow?
 Will they come here?

b. Future Continuous tense

It is used to express a continued or an ongoing
action in future. For example, “I will be waiting for you
tomorrow”, it conveys ongoing nature of an action
(waiting) which will occur in future.

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 Rules. Auxiliary verb “will be” is used in sentence. 1st
form of verb + ing (present participle) is used as main
verb in sentence.

Structure of sentence
Positive sentence:
 Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (present participle) + object
 Subject + will be+ 1st form of verb or base form+ing (present
participle) + object

Examples.
 I will be waiting for you.
 You will be feeling well tomorrow.

Negative sentence:
 Subject + not between auxiliary verbs+ not + main verb (present
participle) + object
 Subject + will not be + 1st form of verb or base form+ing (present
participle) + object

To make negative sentence “not” is written between

auxiliary verbs “will and be” in sentence.

Examples.
 I will not be waiting for you.
 You will not be feeling well tomorrow.

Interrogative sentence:
 Auxiliary verb + subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (present
participle) + object
 Will + subject + be+ 1st form of verb or base form+ing (present
participle) + object

Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb

“will” and auxiliary verb “be” comes after subject in
interrogative sentence.

Examples.
 Will I be waiting for you?

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  Will you be feeling well tomorrow?

c. Future Perfect tense

It is used to express an action which will occur in
future and is thought to be completed in future. It
expresses a sense of completion of an action which will
occur in future. For example, “John will have gone
tomorrow”. It shows a sense of completion of an action
(go) which will occur in future (tomorrow).

Rules. Auxiliary verb “will have” is used in sentence. 3rd

form of verb or past participle form of verb is used as
main verb in sentence.

Structure of sentence
Positive sentence:
 Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
 Subject + will have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object

Examples.
 She will have finished the work by Wednesday.
 I will have left for home by the time he gets up.
 You will have started a job.

Negative sentence:
 Subject + Not between auxiliary verbs + main verb (past participle)
+ object
 Subject + will not have + 3rd form of verb or past participle +
object

Examples.
 She will have finished the work by Wednesday.
 I will have left for home by the time he gets up.
 You will not have started a job.

Interrogative sentence:
 Auxiliary verb + Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past
participle) + object
 Will + Subject +have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object

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 Examples.
 Will she have finished the work by Wednesday?
 Will I have left for home by the time he gets up?
 Will you have started a job?

d. Future Perfect Continuous tense

It is used to express a continued or ongoing action
that will start in future and is thought to be continued
till sometime in future. (Remember, an ongoing action in
future which will continue till some time in future). There
will be a time reference, such as “since 1980, for three
hours” from which the action will start in future and will
continue. A sense of time reference is found which gives
an idea that action will start at some time in future and
will continue for some time. Such time reference or
sense of time reference is the identity of Future perfect
continuous tense because it tells that action will start at
a particular time in future. For example, “He will have
been studying in this school since 2005”, so the it means
that he will start studying in this school in 2005 and will
study in this school till sometime in future.

Note: If there is not time reference or sense of time

reference then it is not future perfect continuous tense
because there is no hint about the time of action when it
will start in future and it seems just an ongoing action in
future which resembles “future Continuous tense. So the
reference of time differentiates between Future
perfect continuous tense between future continuous
tense.

Rules: An auxiliary verb “will have been” is used in

sentence. 1st form of verb (base verb) +ing (present
participle) is used as main verb in sentence. “Since” or
“for” is used before the “time reference” in sentence. If
the time reference is exactly known such as 1995, 4

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 O’clock then “since” is used before the time in sentence.
If the time reference is not exactly known such as three
hours, six years, four days, then “for” is used before the
time in sentence. Time reference such as 3 hours or 5
days is not exactly known because we don’t know that
about which three hours a day is told in sentence or
about which 5 days in a month is told in sentence. While
the 1995 is exactly know time.

Structure of sentence
Positive Sentence:
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + main verb (Present participle) + Object +
Time reference
 Subject + will have been + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) +
object + time reference

Examples.
 I will have been waiting for him for one hour.
 She will have been playing football since 2015.

Negative Sentence:
 Subject +”Not” inside Auxiliary verbs + main verb (present
participle) + Object + Time reference
 Subject + will not have been + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing)
+ object + Time reference
 To make negative sentence, the word “not” is added inside auxiliary
verb, so it becomes “will not have been”.

Examples.
 I will not have been waiting for him for one hour.
 She will not have been playing football since 2015.

Interrogative Sentence:
 Auxiliary verb + Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (present
participle) + object + time reference
 Will + Subject + have been + (1st form of verb or base verb+ing) +
object + time reference
 Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “will” and auxiliary
verb “have been” is used after subject in sentence.

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 Examples.
 Will I have been waiting for him for one hour?
 Will she have been playing football since 2015?

 There are three categories of antonyms:

a. Graded antonyms deal
Graded antonyms deal with levels of the meaning of
the words, like if something is not “good”, is may still not
be “bad.” There is a scale involved with some words, and
besides good and bad there can be average, fair,
excellent, terrible, poor, or satisfactory.

Examples.
 Young and old
 Happy and sad
 Hard and soft
 Last and first
 Foolish and wise
 Fast and slow
 Warm and cool
 Wide and narrow

b. Complementary antonyms
Complementary antonyms have a relationship where
there is no middle ground. There are only two
possibilities, either one or the other.

Examples.
 Man and woman
 Push and pull
 Dead and alive
 Off and on
 Day and night
 Absent and present
 Exit and entrance
 Sink or float
 True or false
 Pass and fail

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 c. Relational antonyms
Relational antonyms are sometimes considered a
subcategory of complementary antonyms. With these
pairs, for there to be a relationship, both must exist.

Examples.
 Husband and wife
 Doctor and patient
 Buy and sell
 Predator and prey
 Above and below
 Give and receive
 Teach and learn
 Instructor and pupil
 Borrow and lend
 Come and go

C. The more examples of Future Tense and Antonym

 The more examples of Future Tense:

a. Future Simple Tense

Positive sentences:
 He will start a business.
 She will send me a letter.
 I will give you a pen tomorrow
 Students will take exams at the end of semester.
 They will buy a new car.
 The Pattern of exam will change next year.

Negative sentences:
 He will not start a business.
 She will not send me a letter.
 I will not give you a pen tomorrow
 Students will not take exams at the end of semester.
 They will not buy a new car.
 The pattern of exam will not change next year.

Interrogative sentences:
 Will he start a business?
 Will she send me a letter?
 Will I give you a pen tomorrow?
 Will students take exams at the end of semester?

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  Will they buy a new car?
 Will the Pattern of exam change next year?

b. Future Continuous tense

Positive sentences:
 We will be shifting to a new home next year.
 He will be flying a kite.
 It will be raining tomorrow.
 She will be enjoying her vacations.
 He will be expecting honesty from his employees.
 She will be delivering a speech to people.

Negative sentences:
 We will not be shifting to a new home next year.
 He will not be flying a kite.
 It will not be raining tomorrow.
 She will not be enjoying her vacations.
 He will not be expecting honesty from his employees.
 She will not be delivering a speech to people.

Interrogative sentence:
 Will we be shifting to a new home next year?
 Will he be flying a kite?
 Will it be raining tomorrow?
 Will she be enjoying her vacations?
 Will he be expecting honesty from his employees?
 Will she be delivering a speech to people?

c. Future Perfect tense

Positive sentences:
 He will have finished his work.
 You will have made a new chair.
 She will have decorated her home.
 I will have bought a computer.
 They will have shifted to a new home.
 Students will have passed the examination.

Negative sentences:
 He will not have finished his work.
 You will not have made a new chair.
 She will not have decorated her home.
 I will not have bought a computer.

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  They will not have shifted to a new home.
 Students will not have passed the examination.

Interrogative sentences:
 Will he have finished his work?
 Will you have made a new chair?
 Will she have decorated her home?
 Will I have bought a computer?
 Will they have shifted to a new home?
 Will students have passed the examination?

d. Perfect Continuous tense

Positive sentences:
 I will have been living in America since 2003.
 He will have been playing cricket for two hours.
 They will have been watching television since 6 O’clock.
 She will been working in this office since 2007.
 It will have been raining for three days.

Negative sentences:
 I will not have been living in America since 2003.
 He will not have been playing cricket for two hours.
 They will not have been watching television since 6 O’clock.
 She will have been working in this office since 2007.
 It will not have been raining for three days.

Interrogative sentences:
 Will I have been living in America since 2003?
 Will he have been playing cricket for two hours?
 Will they have been watching television since 6 O’clock?
 Will she have been working in this office since 2007?
 Will it have been raining for three days?

 The more examples of Antonyms:

a. Graded Antonyms
 Clever and foolish
 Early and late
 Empty and full
 Smart and dumb
 Risky and safe

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  Bad and good
 Pretty and ugly
 Best and worst
 Simple and challenging
 Soft and hard
 Worried and calm
 Sane and crazy
 Rich and poor
 Cool and hot
 Wet and dry
 Late and early
 Ignorant and educated
 Big and small
 Optimistic and pessimistic
 Excited and bored

b. Complementary Antonyms
 Interior and exterior
 Exhale and inhale
 Input and output
 Occupied and vacant
 Leave and arrive
 Pre and post
 Question and answer
 Single and married
 Hired and fired
 Brother and sister
 Before and after
 Crooked and straight
 Identical and different
 Natural or artificial
 Silence or noise
 Identical or different
 Yes and no
 Wet and dry
 Sharp and dull
 Raise and lower
c. Relational Antonyms
 Parent and child
 East and west
 North and south
 Seller and buyer
 Mother and daughter
 Slave and master
 Floor and ceiling

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  Front and back
 Up and down
 Win and lose
 Part and whole
 Offense and defense
 Behind and ahead
 Before and after
 On or off
 Trap and release
 Lost and found
 Left and right
 Give and get
 Employer employee

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 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

A. Conclusion

There are many kinds about Future Tense and Antonyms. Tense

is one of the most important parts in English. Tense is needed to speak

in English correctly and fluently. And also Antonym is needed too in

English fluently. Therefore, we can differentiate about the division of

Futute Tense and Antonym.

Hopeful, we can know about Future Tense and Antonym in

English and explanation about the types of Future Tense and Antonym.

By means of this paper can be used as a reference to know more about

the types Future Tense and antonym in English. And the last, we can

apllied that in daily life.

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 REFERENCES

[Online] Available: http://www.studyandexam.com/index.html. Last

Accessed: 17th Septembre 2014.

[Online] Available: http://www.myenglishgrammar.com/lesson-1-

nouns.html Last Accessed: 17th Septembre 2014.

[Online] Available: http://www.yourdictionary.com/ Last Accessed:

17th Septembre 2014.

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