International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163,

www.ijtra.com Volume 2, Issue 6 (Nov-Dec 2014), PP. 37-41

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF RIP AND

OSPF IN IPV6 USING OPNET 14.5 SIMULATOR
Rajneesh Narula1, Pallavi Aggarwal2
Computer Science and Engineering
Adesh Institute of Engineering and Technology
Faridkot, India
1
raj_narula74@yahoo.com, 2aggarwal_pallavi@ymail.com

Abstract— In this modern internet era, routing protocol analyzed simulation results in terms of Database Query
plays an important role. They forward the packets form source response time, page response time and object response time
to destination. There are many routing protocols are used. In in HTTP, IPv6 Traffic dropped, jitter, end to end delay,
this paper, we evaluated the performance of different routing traffic received and traffic sent in Voice, packet delay
protocol like RIP and OSPF for IPv6. OPNET simulation tool
variation, end to end delay, traffic received and traffic sent in
14.5 is used to evaluate the performance of RIP and OSPF in
three network models in which two network models will Video Conferencing.
perform on one routing protocol only while the third are used to II. RELATED WORK
evaluate the performance of these routing protocol are packet Loan Fitigau and Gavril Toderean [4], network
delay variation, end to end delay, traffic received, traffic sent, performance evaluation for RIP, OSPF and EIGRP routing
response time, jitter, page response time, object response time, protocols in OPNET simulator and using various simulation
traffic dropped for IPv6 Etc. we designed three scenarios to scenarios to compare their performance. Mohamad A.
compare their performance. Yehia,Mohammed S. Aziz,Hussein A. Elsayed [5], presents a
Keywords: RIP, OSPF, OPNET14.5, Performance analysis, comparative analysis of routing protocol EIGRP,OSPF and
IPv6.
RIP for real time applications. Don Xu and Ljilijana
I. INTRODUCTION Trajkovic [2], comparing the performance of routing protocol
Routing refers to the process of determining the best route such as RIP, EIGRP and OSPF using OPNET modeler using
for the transmission of data packets from source to various parameters like network convergence, Ethernet delay,
destination and it is based upon routing protocols. Routing email upload response time etc. Sajad Farhangi and Saeed
protocols are a set of rules in which communication network Golmohammadi [6], describes the evaluation of IS-IS and
follows when computers try to communicate with each other IGRP on performance parameters such as convergence
across networks and communication between two routing duration, throughout, packet delay variation, packet end to
protocols is dependent upon the routing algorithm which is end delay and traffic sent. Alex Hinds, Anthony Atojoko and
purely dependent upon the metrics to find the path to transfer Shao Yin`g Zhu [3], studied the routing protocols OSPF and
the data across two networks [1]. Routing protocols utilize a EIGRP showing the differences between IPv4 and IPv6.
routing table to store the results of these metrics. There are IKram Ud Din and Saeed Mahfooz [7], performance analysis
two types of routing protocols: interior gateway protocol of routing protocols RIP, OSPF, IGRP and EIGRP for the
(IGP) and exterior gateway protocol (EGP). RIP, OSPF, parameters such as packets dropping, traffic received, end to
EIGRP are most commonly used IGPs and a typical EGP is end delay and jitter in voice. V.Vetriselvan, Pravin R. Patil
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) [2]. Now a day’s many and M.Mahendran [8], survey the performance evaluation of
routing protocol exist, among these routing protocol most various routing protocol such as RIP, OSPF and EIGRP with
famous are RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and OSPF certain criteria such as jitter, convergence time, end –to-end
(Open Shortest Path First). Both are the examples of interior delay., throughput, queuing delay, link utilization. Saubhagya
gateway routing protocol. RIP is a distance vector dynamic Das, Santosh Subedi and N. Shekar V. Shet [9], network
routing protocol that uses hop count as its routing metrics. performance analysis of dynamic routing protocols for real
OSPF is a link state routing protocol that uses cost and time applications such as Delay, FTP, E-mail, HTTP, VoIP
bandwidth as its routing metrics. In this type of routing and Video Conferencing through the simulated network
protocol, each router works independently to calculate its models.
own shorter route towards the destination [1].IPv6 (internet III. PROTOCOL CONCEPTS
protocol version6) is a new addressing protocol developed in A. RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
1999 designed to remove the shortcoming of IPv4. IPv4 RIP is a distance vector dynamic routing protocol that uses
(internet protocol version 4) was developed in 1981; did not the hop count as its routing metrics. RIP prevents routing
get any major change afterward and also it provides only 32 loops by implementing a limit on the number of hops allowed
bit addressing space containing 4.3 billion unique internet in a path from source to destination. The maximum number
protocol addresses. Each internet enabled device requires a of hops allowed for RIP is 15. This hop limit also limits the
unique IP address from this address space. But the rapid size of networks that RIP can support. A hop count of 16 is
growth of the internet has resulted in these addresses being considered an infinite distance, in other words the route is
exhausted. IPv6 has 128 bits address space which is four considered unreachable. RIP implements the split horizon,
times more than IPv4. Moreover, IPv6 brings a number of route poisoning and hold down mechanisms to prevent
improvements over IPv4 to increase addressing space. IPv4 incorrect routing information from being propagated [10].
must have IPSec security, making it more secure than IPv4 RIP only maintains the routing table of the best path in the
[3]. In this paper, we analysis the performance of RIP and network for every destination. There are three versions of
OSPF routing protocol on IPv6 and also compared and Routing Information Protocol: RIPv1, RIPv2and RIPNG.

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 International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163,
www.ijtra.com Volume 2, Issue 6 (Nov-Dec 2014), PP. 37-41
RIPv1 is a Classful routing protocol but RIPv2 is a Classless first is constant (1000) and second is medium image and
routing protocol. RIPNG is an extension of RIPv2 and also number of objects (objects per page) is constant (1) and
supports IPv6 networking. constant (2). And in server selection, initial repeat probability
is search and page per server is exponential (2). For database
query, Transaction Interarrival time (seconds) =exponential
B. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
(12), Transaction Size (bytes) =constant(32768) and Type of
OSPF was designed with the specific goal of handling Service= best effort(0).
routing tasks within an enterprise network; this requires quick Table 1: Applications Description
convergence, minimum routing traffic, and better security.
OSPF is a link state protocol and also maintains the routing Voice IT Telephony and Silence
table for all connections in the network. The concept of OSPF Suppressed
routing is based on creating, maintaining and distributing a Voice Conferencing High Resolution
link –state database, which describes a collection of routers
and their operational interfaces, how they are interconnected HTTP Searching
and cost to use the interfaces. Cost is a metrics used to Database Query High Load
describe the relative efficiency of various routes to the
destination. Each router in the routing domain is responsible
for the creation of its local piece of topology by link state
advertisements (LSA). LSAs contain information describing
routers, networks, reachable routes, route prefixes and
metrics. The LSAs are then reliably distributed to all other
routers in a process called flooding, which allows OSPF
routers to synchronize their topology databases. Most of the
OSPF operations are dedicated to keeping the link-state
database synchronized among OSPF routers. As long as
every OSPF router has an identical link state database, every
router can calculate the shortest paths to the advertised Fig 1: Network Model
destination, using Dijkstra Shortest Path First algorithm [11]. V. SIMUATION RESULTS
IV. SIMULATION NETWORK TOPOLOGY Our simulation involves three scenarios for the network
In this paper, we used OPNET 14.5 Simulator. OPNET is topology. The simulation time is set to 600 seconds for
a high level simulation tool that has been used in many high RIPNG, OSPFv3 and OSPFv3_RIPng scenarios.
level researches. It enables simulation of heterogonous A. Packet delay variation:
networks by employing a various protocols [12]. In real, we This parameter is defined as a delay in receiving packets
cannot create such a network; it is possible only simulation at the receiver. On the transmitter side, data packets are sent
because simulation provides us mathematical and graphical continuously in the channel. Due to networks congestion,
form of result and we can easily understand these results. In improper queuing, or configuration errors, the packet may
the network, we have 11 routers that are Cisco 7000 series not receive, in the order that the transmitter and receiver with
and all the routers are connected together with point to point the same period were sent. In real-time applications such as
(PPP) using Digital Signal 3 (DS3) link model and also we video conferencing packets delay cannot be ignored due to
have used four LANs that is Ethernet LANs and four the Packet delay variation, which causes packet loss and also
workstations that is Cisco WS-C3560 series and four there will be no recovery of video. Packet delay variation for
Ethernet Server .All the workstations are connected with one voice conferencing traffic is ilustracted in figure 3.
router, one LAN and one server with 100BaseT link models. According to the figure, OSPFv3_RIPNG has lower value
LAN is used to configure different application such as HTTP, than other scanarios and so OSPFv3_RIPNG shows better
database query, voice conferencing and voice. LAN1 is for performance.
video conferencing, LAN2 is for voice, LAN3 is for database
query and LAN4 is for HTTP. We have one application
definition and profile definition. The profile definition is used
to create users profiles to be specified in different nodes in
the network [5]. We have four profiles that are HTTP, voice,
video conferencing and database query. All the profiles are
configured with operation mode set to simultaneous and
number of repetitions is constant (0). We are used to
application definition to define parameters for video
conferencing application such as Frame Interarrival time =15
frames/sec, Frame Size Information (bytes) =128*240 pixel,
Type of Services=best effort (0), Symbolic Destination
Name=video destination.For voice application such as
encoder scheme is G.729 A (silence), Type of Service (TOS)
is best effort (0), voice frames per packet is 1and
compression and decompression delay is 0.02 second. For
HTTP such as Page Interarrival time =exponential (10) in Fig 2: Video Conferencing Packet Delay Variation
seconds. In page properties, we have two rows -object size
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 International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163,
www.ijtra.com Volume 2, Issue 6 (Nov-Dec 2014), PP. 37-41
B. End to End Delay
When the packets transmitted by a network from source
to destination then end to end delay time has been
considered. When it takes too much time to arrive the
packets to the receiver, it causing delays in the whole process
and therefore has a critical effect on the performance of a
communication network. Network with large values of end
to end delay, the packet can be efficiently destroyed. Packet
losses due to large end to end delay will have impact on the
quality of both audio and video traffic on the receiver. The
end to end delay for video conferencing in figure 3, OSPFv3
has minimum end to end delay compared with other
scenarios. So OSPFv3 performs well.

Fig 5: Traffic received in video conferencing

In voice, OSPFv3_RIPNG receives less traffic than OSPFv3

and RIPNG. So OSPFv3_RIPNG performance is better than
other scenarios.

Fig 3: Packet End To End Delay In Video Conferencing

In voice, OSPFv3_RIPNG has minimum end to end

delay compared with other scenarios.

Fig 6: Traffic Received in Voice

D. Traffic Sent
Voice/ Video traffic is the total number of audio and
video packets sent during video conferencing or other type of
real time communication. In fig 7, OSPFv3 sends less traffic
and OSPFv3_RIPNG send more traffic. So the performance
of OSPFv3 is better than other scenarios.

Fig 4: Packet End To End Delay In Voice

C. Traffic Received
Voice/Video traffic is the total number of audio and video
packets received during video conferencing or other type of
real time communication. In video conferencing, OSPFv3
receives less traffic than other scenarios.

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 International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163,
www.ijtra.com Volume 2, Issue 6 (Nov-Dec 2014), PP. 37-41

Fig 7: Traffic Sent in Video Conferencing Fig 9: Jitter in Voice

F. Traffic dropped in IPv6

In voice fig 8, OSPFv3_RIPNG sends less traffic and
RIPNG has more. So OSPFv3_RIPNG performance is better When a router or switch is unable to receive incoming data
packets at a given time, is called packet loss/ drop. In fig 10,
than other scenarios.
RIPNG has the least number of packets dropped as compared
to another scenario. So RIPNG performance is better.

Fig 8: Traffic Sent in Voice

Fig 10: Traffic Dropped in IPv6
E. Jitter in voice
Jitter is defined as variation in delay times of received G. Page response time in HTTP
packets. At sending sides, packets are sent in a continuous OSPFv3_RIPNG takes less time than RIPNG and
stream in a equally spaced time slots. The rate is much lower OSPFv3. So OSPFv3_RIPNG performs well.
than average rate, resulting from traffic congestion and for
improving performance of a voice network this factor should
be as small as possible. In fig. 9, combination of
OSPFv3_RIPNG has the lowest jitter than OSPFv3 and
RIPNG.

Fig 11: Page Response time in HTTP

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 International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163,
www.ijtra.com Volume 2, Issue 6 (Nov-Dec 2014), PP. 37-41
H. Object response Time in HTTP response Time in HTTP performs better in OSPFv3_RIPNG
In object response time, the OSPFv3_RIPNG takes less (combination of RIPNG and OSPFv3) than RIPNG and
time than RIPNG and OSPFv3. So OSPFv3_RIPNG OSPFv3.
performance is better than others scenarios. Another Performance Metrics for real time applications is
End to End Delay, Traffic Received and Traffic sent in Video
Conferencing, Response time in Database Query performs
better in OSPFv3 than OSPFv3_RIPNG and RIPNG.
Traffic Dropped in IPv6 parameter performs better in RIPNG
than OSPFv3 and OSPFv3_RIPNG in IPv6.
In this work, the comparative performance among RIP,
OSPF and combination of RIP and OSPF routing protocols in
IPv6 for real time applications has been analyzed. By
comparing these protocols performance, we have come
across that the combined implementation of RIPNG and
OSPFv3 routing protocol in the network in IPv6 performs
better than RIPNG and OSPFv3. In the case of individual
routing protocol performance, overall performance of
OSPFv3 is better than RIPNG.
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