Innovator Drug

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An 

Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) is an application for a U.S. generic


drug approval for an existing licensed medication orapproved drug.

The ANDA contains data which when submitted to FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation
and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, provides for the review and ultimate approval of
a generic drug product. Once approved, an applicant may manufacture and market the
generic drug product to provide a safe, effective, low cost alternative to the American
public. ANDAs have grown by 70% since November 2008.[1] The Section IV challenge
has been credited with suppressing new drug innovation.[2]

A generic drug product is one that is comparable to an innovator drug product in dosage


form, strength, route of administration, quality, performance characteristics and intended
use. All approved products, both innovator and generic, are listed in FDA's Approved
Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book).

Generic drug applications are termed "abbreviated" because they are generally not
required to include preclinical (animal) and clinical (human) data to establish safety and
effectiveness. Instead, generic applicants must scientifically demonstrate that their
product is bioequivalent (i.e., performs in the same manner as the innovator drug). One
way scientists demonstrate bioequivalence is to measure the time it takes the generic drug
to reach the bloodstream in 24 to 36 healthy volunteers. This gives them the rate of
absorption, or bioavailability, of the generic drug, which they can then compare to that of
the innovator drug. The generic version must deliver the same amount of active
ingredients into a patient's bloodstream in the same amount of time as the innovator drug.

Using bioequivalence as the basis for approving generic copies of drug products was
established by the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, also
known as the Hatch-Waxman Act. This Act expedites the availability of less costly
generic drugs by permitting FDA to approve applications to market generic versions
of brand-name drugs without conducting costly and duplicative clinical trials. At the
same time, the brand-name companies can apply for up to five additional years longer
patent protection for the new medicines they developed to make up for time lost while
their products were going through FDA's approval process. Brand-name drugs are subject
to the same bioequivalence tests as generics upon reformulation.

Ref ; wikipedia

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