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    Synopsis FOR Automated License Plate Recognition System

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    stark
    The document describes an automated license plate recognition system. It discusses how ANPR was invented in 1976 but gained more interest in recent decades due to improved cameras and computing power. ANPR systems work by detecting license plates in images, extracting the characters, and using optical character recognition to read the letters and numbers. The document outlines the typical multi-step methodology used by ANPR systems, including plate localization, orientation, normalization, character segmentation, OCR, and validation. It also notes some common challenges ANPR systems face with image quality, lighting, obstructions, and non-standard plates.

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    Synopsis FOR Automated License Plate Recognition System

    Uploaded by

    stark
    39 views7 pages
    The document describes an automated license plate recognition system. It discusses how ANPR was invented in 1976 but gained more interest in recent decades due to improved cameras and computing power. ANPR systems work by detecting license plates in images, extracting the characters, and using optical character recognition to read the letters and numbers. The document outlines the typical multi-step methodology used by ANPR systems, including plate localization, orientation, normalization, character segmentation, OCR, and validation. It also notes some common challenges ANPR systems face with image quality, lighting, obstructions, and non-standard plates.

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    The document describes an automated license plate recognition system. It discusses how ANPR was invented in 1976 but gained more interest in recent decades due to improved cameras and computing power. ANPR systems work by detecting license plates in images, extracting the characters, and using optical character recognition to read the letters and numbers. The document outlines the typical multi-step methodology used by ANPR systems, including plate localization, orientation, normalization, character segmentation, OCR, and validation. It also notes some common challenges ANPR systems face with image quality, lighting, obstructions, and non-standard plates.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    39 views7 pages

    Synopsis FOR Automated License Plate Recognition System

    Uploaded by

    stark
    The document describes an automated license plate recognition system. It discusses how ANPR was invented in 1976 but gained more interest in recent decades due to improved cameras and computing power. ANPR systems work by detecting license plates in images, extracting the characters, and using optical character recognition to read the letters and numbers. The document outlines the typical multi-step methodology used by ANPR systems, including plate localization, orientation, normalization, character segmentation, OCR, and validation. It also notes some common challenges ANPR systems face with image quality, lighting, obstructions, and non-standard plates.

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    SYNOPSIS

    FOR

    AUTOMATED LICENSE PLATE RECOGNITION


    SYSTEM
    INTRODUCTION
    THE AUTOMATIC NUMBER PLATE RECOGNITION
    (ANPR) WAS INVENTED IN 1976 AT THE POLICE
    SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT BRANCH IN THE UK.
    HOWEVER, IT GAINED MUCH INTEREST DURING THE
    LAST DECADE ALONG WITH THE IMPROVEMENT OF
    DIGITAL CAMERA AND THE INCREASE IN
    COMPUTATIONAL CAPACITY. IT IS SIMPLY THE
    ABILITY TO AUTOMATICALLY EXTRACT AND
    RECOGNITION A VEHICLE NUMBER PLATE'S
    CHARACTERS FROM AN IMAGE. IN ESSENCE IT
    CONSISTS OF A CAMERA OR FRAME GRABBER THAT
    HAS THE CAPABILITY TO GRAB AN IMAGE, FIND THE
    LOCATION OF THE NUMBER IN THE IMAGE AND
    THEN EXTRACT THE CHARACTERS FOR CHARACTER
    RECOGNITION TOOL TO TRANSLATE THE PIXELS
    INTO NUMERICALLY READABLE CHARACTER. ANPR
    CAN BE USED IN MANY AREAS FROM SPEED
    ENFORCEMENT AND TOOL COLLECTION TO
    MANAGEMENT OF PARKING LOTS, ETC . IT CAN ALSO
    BE USED TO DETECT AND PREVENT A WIDE RANGE
    OF CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES AND FOR SECURITY
    CONTROL OF A HIGHLY RESTRICTED AREAS LIKE
    MILITARY ZONES OR AREA AROUND TOP
    GOVERNMENT OFFICES. THE SYSTEM IS
    COMPUTATIONALLY INEXPENSIVE COMPARE TO THE
    OTHER ANPR SYSTEMS . BESIDES THE ROBUSTNESS,
    THE EARLIER METHODS USE EITHER FEATURE
    BASED APPROACHED USING EDGE DETECTION OR
    HOUGH TRANSFORM WHICH ARE
    COMPUTATIONALLY EXPENSIVE OR USE ARTIFICIAL
    NEURAL NETWORK WHICH REQUIRES LARGE
    TRAINING DATA . THE PRESENTED ANPR SYSTEM IS
    AIMED TO BE LIGHT WEIGHTED SO THAT IT CAN BE
    RUN REAL TIME AND RECOGNIZES SINDH STANDARD
    NUMBER PLATE UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS. THE
    ANPR SYSTEM WORKS IN THREE STEPS, THE FIRST
    STEP IS THE DETECTION AND CAPTURING A VEHICLE
    IMAGE, THE SECOND STEPS IS THE DETECTION AND
    EXTRACTION OF NUMBER PLATE IN AN IMAGE. THE
    THIRD SECTION USE IMAGE SEGMENTATION
    TECHNIQUE TO GET INDIVIDUAL CHARACTER AND
    OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION (OCR) TO
    RECOGNIZE THE INDIVIDUAL CHARACTER WITH
    THE HELP OF DATABASE STORED FOR EACH AND
    EVERY ALPHANUMERIC CHARACTER.
    PURPOSE
    LICENSE PLATE RECOGNITION SYSTEMS USE THE
    CONCEPT OF OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION
    TO READ THE CHARACTERS ON A VEHICLE LICENSE
    PLATE. IN OTHER WORDS, LPR TAKES THE IMAGE OF
    A VEHICLE AS THE INPUT AND OUTPUTS THE
    CHARACTERS WRITTEN ON ITS LICENSE PLATE. CAN
    YOU IMAGINE HOW INVALUABLE THIS WOULD BE TO
    YOUR UNDERCOVER/DETECTIVE SKILLS? YOU CAN
    PULL OFF ALL THE NECESSARY DETAILS ABOUT A
    CAR FROM THE LICENSE PLATE CHARACTERS.

    3. PRODUCT SCOPE
    THE SCIENTIFIC WORLD IS DEPLOYING RESEARCH
    IN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS WHICH
    HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON PEOPLES´ LIVES.
    AUTOMATIC LICENSE PLATE RECOGNITION (ALPR)
    IS A COMPUTER VISION TECHNOLOGY TO EXTRACT
    THE LICENSE NUMBER OF VEHICLES FROM IMAGES.
    IT IS AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM WHICH HAS NUMEROUS
    APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES. TYPICAL ALPR
    SYSTEMS ARE IMPLEMENTED USING PROPRIETARY
    TECHNOLOGIES AND HENCE ARE COSTLY. THIS
    CLOSED APPROACH ALSO PREVENTS FURTHER
    RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM.
    WITH THE RISE OF FREE AND OPEN SOURCE
    TECHNOLOGIES THE COMPUTING WORLD IS LIFTED
    TO NEW HEIGHTS. PEOPLE FROM DIFFERENT
    COMMUNITIES INTERACT IN A MULTI-CULTURAL
    ENVIRONMENT TO DEVELOP SOLUTIONS FOR MANS
    NEVER ENDING PROBLEMS. ONE OF THE NOTABLE
    CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE OPEN SOURCE COMMUNITY
    TO THE SCIENTIFIC WORLD IS PYTHON. INTEL’S
    RESEARCHES IN COMPUTER VISION BORE THE FRUIT
    CALLED OPEN COMPUTER VISION (OPENCV)
    LIBRARY, WHICH CAN SUPPORT COMPUTER VISION
    DEVELOPMENT.
    AUTOMATIC LICENSE PLATE RECOGNITION SYSTEM
    IS A REAL TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEM WHICH
    AUTOMATICALLY RECOGNIZES THE LICENSE PLATE
    OF VEHICLES. THERE ARE MANY APPLICATIONS
    RANGING FROM COMPLEX SECURITY SYSTEMS TO
    COMMON AREAS AND FROM PARKING ADMISSION TO
    URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL. AUTOMATIC LICENSE
    PLATE RECOGNITION (ALPR) HAS COMPLEX
    CHARACTERISTICS DUE TO DIVERSE EFFECTS SUCH
    AS OF LIGHT AND SPEED. MOST OF THE ALPR
    SYSTEMS ARE BUILT USING PROPRIETARY TOOLS
    LIKE MATLAB.
    4. METHODOLOGY
    There are seven primary algorithms that the software
    requires for identifying a license plate:

    1. Plate localization – responsible for finding and


    isolating the plate on the picture.
    2. Plate orientation and sizing – compensates for the skew
    of the plate and adjusts the dimensions to the required
    size.
    3. Normalization – adjusts the brightness and contrast of
    the image.
    4. Character segmentation – finds the individual
    characters on the plates.
    5. Optical character recognition.
    6. Syntactical/Geometrical analysis – check characters
    and positions against country-specific rules.
    7. The averaging of the recognised value over multiple
    fields/images to produce a more reliable or confident
    result. Especially since any single image may contain a
    reflected light flare, be partially obscured or other
    temporary effect.

    The complexity of each of these subsections of the program


    determines the accuracy of the system. During the third
    phase (normalization), some systems use edge
    detection techniques to increase the picture difference
    between the letters and the plate backing. A median
    filtermay also be used to reduce the visual noise on the
    image.
    5. ASSUMPTIONS AND DIFFICULTIES

    A. POOR FILE RESOLUTION, USUALLY BECAUSE


    THE PLATE IS TOO FAR AWAY BUT SOMETIMES
    RESULTING FROM THE USE OF A LOW-QUALITY
    CAMERA.

    B. BLURRY IMAGES, PARTICULARLY MOTION BLUR.

    C. POOR LIGHTING AND LOW CONTRAST DUE


    TO OVEREXPOSURE, REFLECTION OR SHADOWS.

    D. AN OBJECT OBSCURING (PART OF) THE PLATE,


    QUITE OFTEN A TOW BAR, OR DIRT ON THE PLATE.

    E. READ LICENSE PLATES THAT ARE DIFFERENT AT


    THE FRONT AND THE BACK BECAUSE OF TOWED
    TRAILERS, CAMPERS, ETC.

    F. VEHICLE LANE CHANGE IN THE


    CAMERA'S ANGLE OF VIEW DURING LICENSE
    PLATE READING.

    G. A DIFFERENT FONT, POPULAR FOR VANITY


    PLATES (SOME COUNTRIES DO NOT ALLOW SUCH
    PLATES, ELIMINATING THE PROBLEM).

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