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    Technology Engineering and Environment Division of Engineering Design and Manufacturing Systems Applied Thermodynamics Gas Processes

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    The document discusses various gas processes including constant pressure and volume processes, polytropic processes, and adiabatic and isothermal processes. It provides examples of gases undergoing each type of process, including calculations to determine properties such as work, heat transfer, internal energy change, temperature, pressure, and volume at different points in the processes. The document also includes diagrams to illustrate some example processes.

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    Technology Engineering and Environment Division of Engineering Design and Manufacturing Systems Applied Thermodynamics Gas Processes

    Uploaded by

    pilas_nikola
    25 views2 pages
    The document discusses various gas processes including constant pressure and volume processes, polytropic processes, and adiabatic and isothermal processes. It provides examples of gases undergoing each type of process, including calculations to determine properties such as work, heat transfer, internal energy change, temperature, pressure, and volume at different points in the processes. The document also includes diagrams to illustrate some example processes.

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    The document discusses various gas processes including constant pressure and volume processes, polytropic processes, and adiabatic and isothermal processes. It provides examples of gases undergoing each type of process, including calculations to determine properties such as work, heat transfer, internal energy change, temperature, pressure, and volume at different points in the processes. The document also includes diagrams to illustrate some example processes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    25 views2 pages

    Technology Engineering and Environment Division of Engineering Design and Manufacturing Systems Applied Thermodynamics Gas Processes

    Uploaded by

    pilas_nikola
    The document discusses various gas processes including constant pressure and volume processes, polytropic processes, and adiabatic and isothermal processes. It provides examples of gases undergoing each type of process, including calculations to determine properties such as work, heat transfer, internal energy change, temperature, pressure, and volume at different points in the processes. The document also includes diagrams to illustrate some example processes.

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    Technology Engineering and Environment

    Division of Engineering Design and Manufacturing Systems


    Applied Thermodynamics

    Gas Processes

    Universal gas constant R0 = 8314 J/(kmol K),


    Unless otherwise stated assume for air,
    Specific heat capacity for air at constant pressure cp = 1005 J/(kg K),
    Specific heat capacity for air at constant volume cv = 718 J/(kg K),
    Characteristic gas constant R = 287 J/(kg K).

    Constant pressure and constant volume process

    1) A volume of 0.9 m3 of air has a pressure of 275 kN/m2 and temperature of 185°C. It is
    subjected to a constant pressure process until its temperature becomes 15°C.

    a) What is the mass of air ? (1 .9 kg)


    b) How much heat is transferred from the gas? (321 .7 kJ)
    c) How much work is done on the gas during the process? (91 .9 kJ)

    2) Heat is added to a nitrogen gas in a closed system while its volume increases from 0.028m3
    to 0.10 m3 at a constant pressure of 700 kN/m2. If the initial temperature of the gas is 50°C
    and its relative molecular mass, cp and cv values are 28, 1.04 kJ/kg/K and 0.743 kJ/kg/K
    respectively, determine:

    a) the mass of the gas, (0.204 kg)


    b) the external work done, (50.4 kJ)
    c) the change of internal energy. (125.8kJ)
    d) the heat transfer - state direction, (176.2 kJ into the system)

    3) A mass of 0.45 kg of a gas (not air!) is heated first at constant volume and then at constant
    pressure, so that during each stage the temperature is increased by the same amount. The
    initial pressure of the gas is 1.5 MN/m2 and the initial temperature is 130°C. The final
    pressure is 3.75 MN/m2. Taking cp as 1.047 kJ/Kg K and cv as 0.754 kJ/kg K, determine the
    volume and temperature at:

    a) the end of constant volume heating (0.0354m3, 734°C)


    b) the end of constant pressure heating (0.0566m3, 1337°C)
    c) Determine also the heat supplied, work done and change of internal energy, during each
    stage.

    (Q01=204.6 kJ, W 01=0 kJ, ΔU01=204.6 kJ,


    Q12=284.6 kJ, W 12=79.5 kJ, ΔU12=205.1 kJ)

    4) A mass of 1 kg of a gas is heated first at constant volume and then at constant pressure so
    that during each stage the same quantity of heat is supplied to the gas. The gas is initially at
    400 kN/m2 and 50°C and the final pressure is 1 .2 MN/m2. Taking γ as 1.33 and R as
    250 J/(kg K), determine the volume and the temperature at:

    a) the end of constant volume heating (0.201 8m3, 696°C)


    b) the end of constant pressure heating (0.303m3, 1182°C).
    Polytropic process

    5) A cylinder contains 0.1 m3 of air at 1 .5 MN/m2 and 200°C. The air is expanded according to
    the law pV1.2=constant, to a final volume of 0.6 m3. Find:
    a) the mass of air (1.1 kg)
    b) the change of internal energy (- 112.5 kJ)
    c) the work done (224.9 kJ)
    d) the heat energy transfer (112.4 kJ)

    6) The pressure and temperature of the air in a cylinder are 95 kN/m2 and 38°C respectively.
    The air is compressed according to the law pV1.24 = constant, until the pressure is
    650 kN/m2. The volume of air initially is 1 .25 m3. Find:

    a) the mass of air in the cylinder (1.3 kg)


    b) the temperature at the end of compression (451 K)
    c) the work done on the air during compression (- 217.6 kJ, work input)
    d) the change in internal energy (+130.7 kJ, i.e. increase of internal energy)
    e) the heat transfer by the air during compression (-86.9 kJ, heat leaving system)

    Adiabatic and isothermal processes - take γair = 1.4

    7) 1 kg of gas expands adiabatically in a closed system from a pressure of 700 kN/m2 and a
    volume of 0.12 m3 to a final pressure of 150 kN/m2. Determine the final volume, given that γ
    for the gas =1.38. Find also, the work done during the expansion, and taking cv for the gas
    as 720 J/(kg K), calculate the change of temperature which occurs.
    (0.367m3, 76.4 kJ, 106°C)

    8) A mass of 1 kg of gas at a pressure of 105 kN/m2 and temperature of 15°C is compressed


    adiabatically to a pressure of 840 kN/m2. Taking cp as 815 J/(kg K) and cv as 628 J/(kg K),
    determine the work done during the compression. (-110.5 kJ)

    9) A quantity of nitrogen gas has a mass of 0.2 kg and temperature of 15°C. It is compressed
    adiabatically to one-quarter of its original volume, its temperature rising to 230°C and
    32.2 kJ of work are expended on the gas during the compression. Calculate the specific
    heats at constant pressure and constant volume and the gas constant R. (1050 J/(kg K),
    749 J/(kg K), 299 J/(kg K).

    10) A volume of 1 m3 of air at a pressure of 140 kN/m2 has to be compressed in a non-flow


    process to a pressure of 1400 kN/m2. By calculating the work done in each case, decide
    which would be the more economical process.

    a) to compress the air adiabatically


    b) to compress the air isothermally

    Show these two processes on a p-V diagram.

    11) A volume of 0.34 m3 of gas at a pressure of 1 MN/m2 and temperature of 130°C expands
    adiabatically until the pressure is 105 kN/m2 after which it is compressed isothermally to its
    original volume. Find the final temperature and pressure of the gas and the change in
    internal energy. Show this process on a p-V diagram. Take cp = 996 J/(kg K) and
    cv = 704 J/(kg K)

    (-65°C, 517 KN/m2, 396.7 kJ)

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