Rajah 1 Menunjukkan Struktur Utama Membran Plasma.: Ulangkaji Topik Tingkatan 4 Biologi Pergerakan Bahan Mrentasi Membran
Rajah 1 Menunjukkan Struktur Utama Membran Plasma.: Ulangkaji Topik Tingkatan 4 Biologi Pergerakan Bahan Mrentasi Membran
Rajah 1 Menunjukkan Struktur Utama Membran Plasma.: Ulangkaji Topik Tingkatan 4 Biologi Pergerakan Bahan Mrentasi Membran
BIOLOGI
PERGERAKAN BAHAN MRENTASI MEMBRAN
KERTAS 1
Diagram 1 Rajah 1
What are X, Y and Z?
Apakah X, Y dan Z?
X Y Z
A Carrier protein Protein pembawa Hydrophilic phosphate Fosfat hidrofilik Hydrophobic phosphate Fosfat hidrofobik
B Hydrophilic phosphate Fosfat hidrofilik Hydrophobic phosphate Fosfat hidrofobik Pore protein Protein liang
C Hydrophobic phosphate Fosfat hidrofobik Hydrophilic phosphate Fosfat hidrofilik Carrier protein Protein pembawa
D Hydrophilic phosphate Fosfat hidrofilik Carrier protein Protein pembawa Hydrophobic phosphate Fosfat hidrofobik
Diagram 2 Rajah 2
Substance Q is moved across the plasma membrane by
Bahan Q bergerak merentasi membran plasma melalui
A osmosis/osmosis
B simple diffusion/resapan ringkas
C active transport/ pengangkutan aktif
D facilitated diffusion/ resapan berbantu
3 What is the function of cholesterol molecules in the plasma membrane?
Apakah fungsi molekul kolesterol dalam membran plasma?
Diagram 3 Rajah 3
After one hour, the visking tubing becomes turgid.
What are S and T?
Selepas satu jam, tiub visking menjadi segah.
Apakah S dan T?
S T
A 30% sucrose solution /Larutan sukrosa 30% 30% sucrose solution /Larutan sukrosa 30%
B 30% sucrose solution /Larutan sukrosa 30% 5% sucrose solution/ Larutan sukrosa 5%
D 5% sucrose solution /Larutan sukrosa 5% 30% sucrose solution /Larutan sukrosa 30%
5 Which of the following are not true about the osmosis process?
Antara yang berikut, manakah tidak benar tentang proses osmosis?
I The process of osmosis needs metabolic energy.
Proses osmosis memerlukan tenaga metabolisme.
II Osmosis involves a semi-permeable membrane.
Osmosis melibatkan satu membran separa telap.
III Osmosis involves the movement of solute molecules.
Osmosis melibatkan pergerakan molekul zat terlarut.
IV Osmosis does not need any chemical energy.
Osmosis tidak memerlukan sebarang tenaga kimia.
I Glycoprotein/ Glikoprotein
II Nucleus/ Nukleus
III Starch/ Kanji
IV Carbohydrate/ Karbohidrat
Diagram 4 Rajah 4
A M and X C O and Z
M dan X O dan Z
B P and Y D N and W
P dan Y N dan W
Level 1 Level 2
Aras 1 Aras 2
A Rise Naik Fall Turun
9 Which of the processes are involved in the movement of water and mineral ions into root hairs?
Manakah proses yang terlibat dalam pergerakan air dan ion mineral ke dalam rambut akar?
1. Diagram 1 shows conditions of red blood cells K, L and M after being immersed in 3 different
concentration of solution.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan keadaan cell darah merah K, L dan M selepas direndam di dalam 3 larutan yang berbeza
kepekatannya.
a) Name the physical process which cause changes of the red blood cell L and M.
Namakan proses fizikal yang menyebabkab perubahan pada sel darah merah L dan M.
..................................................................................................................................
b) What is the characteristic of solution used to immerse / Apakah ciri larutan yang digunakan untuk merendam
2. A group of students want to study the effect of different concentrations of solutions on stem. 2 stems cut with
same length and size was immersed into 0.5% sucrose solution and 0.1% sucrose solution for 30 minutes.
Sekumpulan pelajar ingin menyiasat kesan kesan kepekatan larutan yang berbeza terhadap batang pokok
keembung. 2 potong botong pokok keembung dengan panjang dan saiz yang sama direndam dalam larutan
sukrosa 0.5% dan larutan sukrosa 0.1% selama 30 minit.
Cell was
immersed in 0.1%
sucrose solution
for 30 minutes
Cut surface
Permukaan
Sel direndam di
yang dalam 0.1% larutan
sukrosa selama 30
di potong minit
Based on diagram above, draw shape of the stem at the end of the experiment.
Berdasarkan rajah di atas, lukis bentuk batang pokok keembung pada akhir eksperimen.
e) Explain why there is no changes to the stem at the:
Terangkan mengapa tiada perubahan pada batang pokok keembung di:
i) Epidermis
..................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
ii) Surface which was cut / Permukaan yang dipotong
......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
3. Diagram 2 shows a structure of plasma membrane of an animal cell which was proposed by Singer and
Nicholson.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu struktur membran plasma bagi satu sel haiwan seperti yang dicadangkan oleh Singer
dan Nicholson.
glikoprotein
Diagram 2 / Rajah 2
(a) Name the model which is proposed by Singer and Nicholson.
Namakan model yang dicadangkan oleh Singer dan Nicholson.
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(b) There are cholesterol at the plasma membrane and this increase the fluidity of the membrane.
What is meant by “increasing the fluidity” of the membrane.
Terdapat kolesterol pada membran plasma dan ini meningkatkan kebendaliran membran tersebut.
Apakah yang dimaksudkan “meningkatkan kebendaliran” bagi satu membran.
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P:------------------------------------------------------- R: ---------------------------------------------------------
(iii) Name two types of carrier protein and types of transport involved in each of it.
Namakan dua jenis protein pengangkut dan jenis pengangkutan yang terlibat dalam
setiap satunya.
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(d) (i) Why the characteristic of membrane plasma explained as selectively permaeable or semi-
permeable?
Mengapakah ciri membran plasma dihuraikan sebagai ketelapan memilih atau separa telap?
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3 Diagram belows show the experiment to study the movement of subtances across the visking
tubing.
The level of sucrose solution in the capillary tube is measured every 10 minutes.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan radas yang digunakan untuk mengkaji pergerakan bahan merentasi
tiub visking. Paras larutan sukrosa dalam tiub kapilari diukur setiap selang 10 minit.
(a) (i) Name the process that causes the level of sucrose solution in the capillary tube
change.
Namakan proses yang menyebabkan aras larutan sukrosa dalam tiub kapilari
berubah.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
[ 2 marks/ markah]
(b) A laboratory test shows that at the end of the experiment, the distilled water in the beaker did
not consist of sucrose.Explain why?
Satu ujian makmal menunjukkan pada akhir eksperimen, air suling dalam bikar tidak
mengandungi sukrosa.Terangkan mengapa?
[ 2 marks/ markah]
(c) Diagram below shows the condition of red blood cell in three different concentration of
solutions.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan keadaan sel darah merah dalam tiga larutan yang berbeza
kepekatan.
Solution Y:
Larutan Y
Solution Z:
Larutan Z
[ 2 marks/ markah]
[ 3 marks/ markah]
(iii) The red blood cell in solution Z is replaced with a plant cell. Does the plant cell burst
as the red blood cell did? Explain why.
Sel darah merah dalam larutan Z digantikan dengan sel tumbuhan. Adakah sel
tumbuhan akan pecah sebagaimana yang berlaku ke atas sel darah merah?
Terangkan kenapa.
[ 2 marks/ markah]
SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTION
BAHAGIAN C : SOALAN ESEI
1. Diagram 3 shows an experiment to illustrate a physical process.
Diagram 3 Rajah 3
(a) (i) Explain the process of water movement across the partially permeable membrane after 1 hour.
Terangkan proses pergerakan air merentasi membran separa telap selepas 1 jam. [6 marks]
(ii) State four differences between active transport and passive transport. [4 marks]
Nyatakan empat perbezaan antara pengangkutan aktif dan pengangkutan pasif. [4 markah]
1 A housewife made a vegetable pickle using cucumbers. During the preparation, she placed the cucumber slices
in water and later placed them in a sugar solution.
When the cucumber slices were in the water, it was found that the slices became turgid and their sizes
increased. But when they were placed in the sugar solution, the slices became soft and shrunk.
Seorang suri rumah membuat jeruk sayur-sayuran menggunakan timun. Semasa penyediaan, dia meletakkan
potongan timun ke dalam air dan seterusnya ke dalam larutan gula. Apabila potongan timun diletakkan ke
dalam air, dia mendapati bahawa potongan menjadi segah dan saiznya bertambah. Tetapi apabila diletakkan
ke dalam larutan gula, potongan menjadi lembut dan mengecut.
Based on the situation above, plan a laboratory experiment to determine the concentration of sugar
solution which is isotonic to the cell sap of the cucumbers.
Berdasarkan situasi di atas, rancang satu eksperimen dalam makmal untuk menentukan kepekatan larutan
gula yang isotonik kepada sap sel timun.
• Hypothesis
Hipotesis
• Variables
Pemboleh ubah
• Presentation of data
Cara data dipersembahkan
[17 markah]
SKEMA JAWAPAN
KERTAS 1
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. C
9. A
10.B
L : Hipertonik 1 2
(c) 1
(i) ke dalam
(ii) osmosis 1
(iii) mengembang. 1
(iv) pecah
1 4
(a) 1
2
1 2
(b) (i) Epidermis mengandungi lapisan berlilin yang kalis air disebut kutikel. 1 1
(ii) Larutan 0.5% sukrosa adalah isotonik kepada sel di permukaan yang 1
dipotong.
Molekul air dari larutan 0.5% sukrosa meresap masuk ke dalam dan keluar sel
pada kadar yang sama. 1 3
1 2
R:Protein Liang
(d) (i) 1 1
Kerana hanya membenarkan pergerakan sesetengah molekul manakala
(ii) 1 1
Saiz molekul / sifat kekutuban molekul
(e) 1 4
Kerana ikan masin mempunyai kepekatan garam yang tinggi.
Any 4
P2: Water diffuses from distilled water into the sucrose solution. 1
P3: The level of sucrose solution in the capillary tube stops rising at the equilibrium
stage/ the concentration inside and outside of the visking tubing is the same/ the
1 2
amount of water diffuse into and out from the visking tubing is the same.
Any 2P
E – The visking tubing is a semi permeable membrane/ which only allows certain 1 2
subtances to pass through.
Z: haemolysis 1 2
P2 – Osmosis occurs. 1
Any 3P
(iii) F : No 1
P2: Cell wall is made up of cellulose/ cell wall able to withstand the pressure. 1 2
Any 2
Total 12
KERTAS 2
BAHAGIAN B (ESEI)
4 (a) (i) 1 6
Proses yang ditunjukkan ialah osmosis.
(b) (i) 10
Movement of potassium ions from the villus into the cell membrane:
Pergerakan ion kalium dari vilus ke dalam sel membran:
– The movement is through facilitated diffusion.
Pergerakan adalah melalui resapan berbantu.
– The K+ ions move down the concentration gradient without expending
energy.
Ion K+ bergerak mengikut kecerunan kepekatan tanpa menggunakan tenaga.
– The K+ ion are transported across the cell membrane by transport
protein.
Ion K+ diangkut merentasi membran sel oleh protein pengangkut.
– The pore in the protein molecules only allow small dissolved particles to
pass through membrane.
Liang dalam molekul protein hanya membenarkan zarah-zarah berlarut
merentasi membran.
– Pore proteins have specific internal characteristics that only allow
specific ions such as potassium ions to diffuse across the membrane.
Liang protein mempunyai ciri-ciri dalaman spesifik yang hanya ion tertentu
seperti ion kalium boleh meresap merentasi membran .
KERTAS 3
Pernyataan masalah:
Bagaimanakah kepekatan larutan luaran yang isotonik kepada sap sel tisu tumbuhan ditentukan?
Hipotesis: Apabila sel tumbuhan direndamkan dalam larutan isotonik, tiada penambahan bersih dalam jisim dan saiz.
Pemboleh ubah:
Bahan : Kepingan timun, air suling, larutan sukrosa 0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M, 0.4M, 0.5M, dan 0.6M larutan sukrosa.
Radas : Pisau, piring petri, forseps, pembaris, bikar 50 ml, penimbang elektronik, kertas tisu.
Prosedur:
3 Setiap potongan timun dilapkan kering dengan kertas tisu. Jisim setiap potongan diukur
dan direkodkan.
dilapkan kering. Jisim setiap potongan diukur dan direkod semula lagi.
Persembahan data:
2 Problem statement:
How is the concentration of an external solution which is isotonic to the cell sap of plant tissues
determined?
Pernyataan masalah:
Problem statement : What is the concentration of solution which is isotonic to the cell sap of plant cell?
Pernyataan Masalah : Berapakah kepekatan larutan luaran yang isotonik kepada sap sel tisu
tumbuhan?
Hypothesis: When plant cells are immersed in isotonic solution, there is no net gain in mass and size.
Hipotesis: Apabila sel tumbuhan direndamkan dalam larutan isotonik, tiada penambahan bersih dalam
jisim dan saiz.
Variables:
Pemboleh ubah:
Manipulated: Concentration of sucrose solution.
Dimanipulasikan: Kepekatan larutan sukrosa.
Responding: Mass of strips of cucumber.
Bergerak balas: Jisim kepingan timun.
Constant: Surrounding temperature and time.
Dimalarkan: Suhu persekitaran dan masa.
Materials: Cucumber slices, distilled water, 0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M, 0.4M, 0.5M and 0.6M sucrose solution.
Bahan : Kepingan timun, air suling, larutan sukrosa 0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M, 0.4M, 0.5M, dan 0.6M larutan
sukrosa.
Apparatus : Razor blade, petri-dishes, forceps, ruler, 50 ml beaker, electronic scale, tissue paper.
Radas : Pisau, piring petri, forseps, pembaris, bikar
50ml, penimbang elektronik, kertas tisu.
Procedure:
Prosedur:
1 Seven petri dishes are prepared and labelled A, B, C, D, E, F and G.
Tujuh piring petri disediakan dan dilabel dengan A, B, C, D, E, F dan G.
2 Each beaker is filled with the solutions according to table below.
Setiap bikar diisikan dengan larutan mengikuti jadual di bawah.
3 Each cucumber slice is wiped dry with some tissue papers. The mass of each slice is measured and
recorded.
Setiap potongan timun dilapkan kering dengan kertas tisu. Jisim setiap potongan diukur dan
direkodkan.
4 The cucumber slices must be covered in the solution.
Potongan timun mesti ditutupi dalam larutan.
5 After soaking for an hour, each slice is removed from it petri dish and wiped dry. The mass of each
slice is measured again and recorded.
Selepas merendam selama satu jam, setiap potongan dikeluarkan dari piring petrinya dan dilapkan
kering. Jisim setiap potongan diukur dan direkod semula lagi.