The Effect of K to 12 System to the

HUMSS B Student in the

Valley High Academy
in the year of
2018-2019
Caole, Alexis John

Cruz, Aia Jewel

Dela Rosa, Daniel John

Ferrer, Veronica Arnie

Frias, Francesca Andrea

Lobas, Antonette

Velasquez, Cristine Rose

Yrreverre, Joseph Jr.

 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

The Filipinos are known to be competitive in the International community.

But the Philippine education system is not enough for enhancing the skills and

knowledge of the Filipino students. The future of the Filipino children, is marred

by various forms of uncertainties considering the critical conditions of the

Philippine socio-economic and political situation. While the rich become richer

and the poor, poorer it is evident that there is a growing need to minimize or

control the rising unequal distribution of wealth and opportunities for success

among the Filipino constituents, from which the children are greatly affected.

Premised on the foregoing, education is deemed one of the best ways to

neutralize the growing inequality and make the Filipino way of life less conductive

to poverty threats and its multifarious effects on the individual, the family and

society as a whole, cited by Magsino (2009).

“The new 12-year curriculum in place, future Filipino students will be

ready and better equipped to join overseas universities at the undergraduate . The

goal of the new curriculum is to give Filipino students enough time to master

skills and concepts so that they are ready for tertiary education when the time

comes.
 The Philippines Congress execute the Republic Act 10533 “ an act of

enhancing the Philippines Basic Education System by strengthening it’s

curriculum and increasing the number of years for Basic Education appropriating

funds therefore and for other purposes.” signed by Benigno S. Aquino III. From

Legislature, Republic Acts (2013).According to Aquino, the K-12 programme will

pave the way for an ever brighter future for young Filipinos by equipping them

with basic education up to international standards.” From, ICEF Monitor (2013)

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determined the effects of K-12 system in Valley High

Academy to the HUMSS students. More especially, it sought answer to the

following question

1. The positive effects of implementing K to 12 system to students:

1.1 Skills

1.2 Life

1.3. Work

2. The negative effects of implementing K to 12 system to students:

2.1 Financial

2.2 Time

2.3 Mental Illnes

Scope and Delimitation

The topics of this study include only the effects of conducting K to 12

program in selected section of the HUMSS Strand in the Valley High Academy.

The respondents of the study were 5 males and 5 females from HUMSS-B

in Valley High Academy. On the other hand, the time frame covered the school

year 2018-2019.

The data was deliminated to interpret the perception of the respondents

along the items provided in a researcher’s-made questionnaire on the previously

cited topics.

Significance of the Studies

This study is deemed significant to the Department Of Education. The students,

parents, teachers, and for the future researchers.

Students. It will give them knowledge and information to overcome the

unfavorable effects of K to 12.

Parents. This study will voice out their concerns about their perspective about

the topic. And they will know what are benefits of K to 12 to their child.

Teachers. This study teaches them to innovate and seek further professional

growth in coping about K to 12 system.

Future Researcher. This study will give them basis about the history of the topic.

And they will be able to get complete and reliable information.

Admin. This study will help them to understand the students for them to know

the factors that affects their behavior and studies effects.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents a review and summary of literature and studies related to k

to 12 curriculum effects along with conceptual, theoretical, assumption

framework, and definition of terms.

Foreign Literature

Dinham and Scott (2008) caution against false dichotomies in education

that can militate against effective leadership decisions and that often reflect

polarizing ideologies in education. For the school leader, a sensitivity to the

pressures that are or can be exerted by the policy context and an awareness of

the distortions that may be forced on the school’s program as a result seem to be

important imperatives in getting the balance right.

McCleary. (2012) High standard of living, is an important part of culture

and values. The education system has a significant and direct impact on the

quality of our workforce our economic productivity and ultimately, our ability to

prosper as businesses, as people, and as a nation rely on our public schools to

provide highly skilled and educated talent. K to 12 is a solution to create

opportunities that will help all children from the time they enter the class room to

when they join the workforce .

 Tan ( 2011) The goal of which is to finally implement the Grades 11 and

12 or the senior high school, and to signal the end of migration to the new

educational system; and Phase IV is that of Completion of the Reform aimed to

complete the implementation of K to 12 education system. However, during the

new educational cycle, from 2016 to 2018, college enrollment could slow down

because of the entrance of the lower-year students to the new educational.

Nartates (2011), These researches analyze and study what will be the

effects of the K+12 educational systems to the country, parents, and students.

This study becomes related to my study in the sense that it is concerned on the

effects of K–12 programs to the parents. The only difference is that this study is

focused on the effects of K –12 programs to the students whose parents are

working abroad, and how it affect to their academic performance.

Zellman (2012), the implementation of the K – 12 Education Reform in

Qatar’s Schools, this study is a reform of education for a new era, because it

views education as the key to the nation's economic and social progress. This

study, one of a number of RAND studies that trace and document the reform

process in Qatar, was designed to assess progress made in the first years of the

K – 12 reform's implementation in Qatar's schools and the perception of the

parents on the Implementation of the K – 12 program.

Local Literature

Bolido (2016) Decreased enrollment in college resulting from the full

implementation of SHS will result in reduced teaching loads for faculty members

and a significant drop in the income of HEIs.

Moreover, in its Memorandum Order No. 20, Series of 2012, the Commission on

Higher Education (CHEd) says, “Some subjects previously included in General

Education (GE) in college will now be taken up in SHS, resulting in a reduced

number of required GE units in college from 64 to 36.”

For private HEIs that rely primarily on tuition and other students’ fees, waiting out

the next two years when there will be very few—even no—freshman enrollees,

the transition is particularly difficult.

Esguerra (2018) The K to 12 curriculum is designed to enable graduates

to join the workforce right after high school and suitably prepare those who want

to go on to higher education .The new curriculum will also support college

graduates seeking work abroad. Developed countries, according to the

Department of Education’s briefer, “view the 10 year education cycle as

insufficient”.

All in all, enhanced K to 12 curriculum is designed to provide a holistic education

for all, Now decongested, it will give students ample time to master basic

academic skills as well as to participate in co-curricular and community activities.

Aside from the training of students so that they can easily find work after their

studies, we also need to develop educated people for themselves, and to know

what is right in the wrong.

Kritz (2015) Any major change in a fundamental institution like the

country’s basic education system is going to create some discomfort; that is

unavoidable. Education in particular has a tremendous influence on the country’s

social make-up, and any significant change to the education system risks

pushing some people out of the way. Despite the best efforts of the government

and the education sector to ensure K-to-12 benefits everyone, some are going to

be left behind. Secretary Luistro acknowledged that, but also pointed out that

eliminating or reducing the negative effects of K-to-12 implementation requires a

little effort on the part of other education stakeholders besides the DepEd. The

effort to implement K-to-12 has been ongoing for five years, Luistro pointed out,

and for all practical purposes begins on Monday—any rational challenge to it

should have been presented and resolved long before now.

SunStar Pampanga (2017) The added two years in basic education will also

cause a low turnout of enrolled in colleges and universities for school year 2016-

2017. Current high schools that will open up the senior high school department

might lack facilities and teachers to cater the students. This has led the

Department of Education to allow the employment of non-license holders in high

school, provided that they obtain one within the next five years.
“The disadvantages of implementing the curriculum are real and urgent. Students

need to adjust to the new curriculum and have to condition themselves in

spending a longer time in school. SHS is relatively new so its efficiency is yet to

be determined, and this is one risk which may have dire consequences,.

However, the advantages of the program far outweigh its negatives.

Uyquiengco (2016) Prior to the implementation of the K-12 curriculum

guide, the Philippines was one of only three countries in the world and the only

one in Asia that still had only 10 years in basic education.

This has always been seen as a disadvantage for our students who are

competing in an increasingly global job market. The longer educational cycle of

the K-12 curriculum is seen as critical in giving Filipino students a higher quality

of education.

The Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization – Innotech (SEAMEO-

Innotech) found the previous 10-year educational cycle to be congested, with a

12-year curriculum squished into 10 years.

As a result, Filipino students have trailed behind students around the world in the

areas of math, languages, and science. The new curriculum is aimed to fix that.

Foreign Study

“The use of evidence-based curriculum programs in K-12 educational

settings has been shown to improve student learning outcomes” (Whitehurst &

Brookings, 2009). Despite the evidence that supports the use of such empirically

tested programs, schools have struggled to adequately operationalize the

programs that they adopt (Fixsen et al., 2005). As a result, teachers and students

rarely experience the full effect of these programs in their classrooms (Odom,

2009). To better understand the gap between theory and practice, it is critical to

investigate the variables that impact the implementation process in a K-12 setting

(O’Donnell, 2008).

The wholesale, programmatic changes put in place in response to these

forces rarely fulfilled their promises. “Research in the field of K-12 education has

shown that the utilization of evidence-based curriculum programs can positively

impact student learning” (Whitehurst & Brookings, 2009).

The K-12 Program provides sufficient time for mastery of concepts and

skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education,

middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship. From the

point of view of the government, K-12 is the appropriate response to address the

century old problem in education as well as being globally competitive

(Cabansag, 2014).

Likewise, there are shortage of learning and teaching materials and

manuals, which are very much needed in the instruction or teaching learning

situation. With the new curriculum, teachers are also in need of training to

understand and properly implement the K-12, but so far the training of teachers is

not as comprehensive as expected. And, lastly according to Basas, “the

additional years in senior high school will take away the new enrollees in college
come 2016; thus, may cause grave disruption among colleges and universities,

which will result to cutting of teachers’ job” (cited in Marcelo, 2015).

According to Henry Giroux (1983), “neo-liberals believe that the curriculum

should be organized around testing, creating passive students, and enforcing a

pedagogy of repression” (Giroux, 1983). “This kind of education serves the

interests of the global elite to further their extraction and plunder of the world’s

resources through trade” (Nevradakis, 2014)

Local Study

John Mark Burila (2012), he cited some concerns of the community in the

implementation of the K12 program like the readiness of the Philippine

Government to undergo transitions such as the poverty in the Philippines,

availability of technology, teachers training, and even the low salary of the work

force of the academe have been cited. In an online forum, Dr. Flor Lacanilao

(2012) of the University of the Philippines Diliman, also presented some critiques

on the K12 program where he based his arguments on the stand of Filipino

scientists and non-scientists. According to Dr. Lacanilao, scientists do not agree

with the implementation of the K12 program because it does not answer the real

problem of the Philippine education system like the number of dropouts recorded

each year. Also, the inclusion of the kinder level is not scientifically proven that it

contributes in the enhancement of student learning. Moreover, Dr.Lacanilao

stressed that upon his readings, those who agree with the K12 implementation,

are not scientistsor educators.

 Clara Masinag (2012) reported in Interaksyon.com (October, 2012) that

the K12 program has gained acceptance from the Filipinos according to the

Social Weather Stations (SWS) survey. In her report, 72% percent of Filipino

adults believe that the new curriculum will prepare students in their college

education even in their field of work. Sixty nine (69%) of the respondents believe

that students will be encouraged to continue their study in high school because of

the additional 2 years that is equivalent to college level even if it will cost them

more money and time

The DepEd Primer (2011) cited that the SHS modeling is a research and

development (R&D) activity where some designs and strategies will be tried out

by the identified model schools. As such, the model schools are given the

flexibility to innovate and develop their own curriculum based on the needs of the

students and demands of the local industries; design their instructional materials;

and explore and experiment varied teaching-learning strategies suited to their

students and learning environment.

The Department of Education (2010), also noticed some problems in the

present curriculum because it was observed that there was overcrowding of

subjects thus leading to no mastery amongst students and that there is no

specialization because most subjects focus on academics area but does not

develop manual skills. Because of this, several reforms were formulated and

started but because results in improving the quality of education is not easily

seen, the Department of Education came forth in addressing the improvement of

the quality of education through their proposal of implementing the K+12

education system which is adopted in most countries around the globe.

According to the evaluation of the Department of Education there is an

insufficient mastery of basic competencies due to the congested curriculum.

Their findings show that for every 100 freshmen only two are able to have a

complete mastery of what they have learned in their high school (Department of

Education, 2010). Also cases like high school graduates who look for jobs so as

to sustain their means to pursue tertiary education are considered unprepared

because of their competencies and maturity level. They are viewed as too young

to work because of their age which is 17 or 18; also they are not emotionally

mature to handle employment and entrepreneurship. Other countries also viewed

that the 10 year cycle is already insufficient due to the fact that they were able to

effectively implement the K+12 education system (Department of Education,

2010).
Conceptual Framework

This study was premised from the concept that the implementation of K-12

system requires an assess of the extent of its

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

HUMSS B Student
in the
The effect of k-12
Valley High Conduct a survey and
System in the HUMSS
Academy interview
student in Valley High
Academy will
in the year of
discovered
2018-2019

Feedback
Theoritical Framework

Theory of Constructivism is generally attributed to Jean Piaget (1980),

who articulated mechanism by which knowledge is internalized by learners. He

suggested that through processes of accommodation and assimilation,

individuals construct new knowledge from their experiences. When individual

assimilate, they incorporate the new experience into an already existing

framework without changing that framework. This may occur when individual

experiences are aligned with their internal representations of the world, but may

also occur as a failure to change a faulty understanding. In contrast, when

individuals’ experience contradict their internal representations, they may change

their perceptions of the experiences to fit their internal representations. According

to the theory, accommodation is the process of reframing one’s mental

experiences. Accommodation can be understood as the mechanism by which

failure leads to learning, when we act on the expectation that the world operates

in one way and it violates our expectations, we often fail, but by accommodating

this new experience and reframing our model of the way the world works, we

learn from the experience of failure or failure of others .

Assumption

This study is about the K-12 curriculum program tailored to the

suggestions and opinions of fellow researchers. these views are divided into two

sides with negative effects and positive impact on fellow students under the K-12

curriculum program .
Definition of terms

Commission on Higher Education-is a government agency attached to the

Office of the President of the Philippines for administrative purposes. It covers

both public and private higher education institutions as well as degree-granting

programs in all post-secondary educational institutions in the country.

Department of Education- is the executive department of the Philippine

government responsible for ensuring access to, promoting equity in, and

improving the quality of basic education.

ICEF Monitor- is a market intelligence resource for the international education

and student travel industry.

K-12 Program- The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic

education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and

two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of

concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary

education, middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship.

Republic Act 10533- otherwise known as the “Enhanced Basic Education Act of

2013”, was signed into law by President Aquino on May 15, 2013. With the

passage of RA 10533, the K to 12 basic education program was formalized.

Theory of Constructivism- argues that people produce knowledge and form

meaning based upon their experiences. Piaget's theory covered learning

theories, teaching methods, and education reform. ... Assimilating causes an

individual to incorporate new experiences into the old experience .