Computer Chess Pioneers

by Bill Wall

Mikko Aarnos is a Finnish software developer and

computer chess and games programmer. In 2014,
he authored the UCI-compatible open source
bitboard chess engine called Hakkapeliitta, written
in C++ with support for Syzygy tablebases.
Version 3.0 is rated around 2900.

Dr. Paul W. Abrahams is an American

mathematician, computer scientist, and past
president of the Association for Computing
Machinery (ACM). In 1957, he contributed to the
development of the Kotok-McCarthy chess
program at MIT, providing many of the chess
routines.

Anthony Adam was an early game programmer. In

the early 1980s he wrote the chess programs ZX
Spectrum Chess (Master Chess) and Spectrum 48K
Death Chess 5000, manufactured by Artic
Computing Ltd.

Dr. Georgy Maximovich Adelson-Velsky (1922-

2014), born in Samara, was a Soviet and Israeli
mathematician and computer scientist. Beginning
in 1963, he headed the development of a computer
chess program at the Institute for Theoretical and
Experimental Physics (ITEP) in Moscow. His
innovations included the first use of bitboards in
computer chess. The program defeated Kotok-
McCarthy program in the first chess match
between computer programs in 1966. It evolved
into Kaissa, the first world computer chess
champion.

Andre Adrian is a German senior engineer. He was

the first to port the Sargon Z80 assembly program
by the Spracklens to run under the CP/M operating
system. He also worked on the AVR-Max and the
Micro-Max. Micro-Max was ported for an Atmel-
ATmega88 Microcontroller by Adrian.

Dr. Thomas Dybdahl Ahle is a Danish computer

scientist and software developer. He is the owner
and primary developer of PyChess, a chess client
and engine for the Linux desktop and windows. He
is the author of the chess engine Sunfish, written in
111 lines of Python code. He is a co-founder of
Supwiz.

John Aker is an American electrical engineer. In

1980, he started programming chess. He
programmed Boris 2.5 based on Sargon 2.5. He
was the designer of the Chafitz/Applied Concepts
Modular Game System (Great Game Machine).

Dr. Selim Akl (1978- ) is a professor and Director

of the School of Computing at Queen’s University
in Kingston, Ontario. He is the creator of Quantum
Chess, a variant of the chess game, using the weird
properties of quantum physics. The purpose of
Quantum Chess is not to make the game more
difficult; rather, by adding the unpredictability of
quantum physics to chess, humans and computers
are put on a level playing field, as they both face
the same difficulties posed by the weirdness of the
quantum.

Fauzi Akram-Dabat (1985- ) is a computer chess

aficionado from Jordan who created strong
opening books for different GUIS and formats.

Mike Alexander is an American computer scientist

and former computer chess programmer. He was a
co-author of the chess program CHAOS white at
the University of Michigan. It was one of the
strongest chess programs of the late 1970s and
early 1980s, using a unique, knowledge-based and
selective best-first, iterative widening approach,
keeping the search tree in memory.

Mohammed Nasir Ali is a Pakistani computer

engineer. His research thesis was on "heuristic
search algorithms in parallel environment" as
applied to the problem of chess. He was the project
manager of the Hydra cluster chess computer
project from 2004 to 2008. He co-founded Pal
Computer System in Abu Dhabi, UAE.

Richard Allbert is a British computer chess

programmer. He is the author of the Lime (released
in 2005) and Jabba chess engines (written in 2009),
written in C++, that runs under Windows, Linux,
and Mac OS.

Peter Aloysius-Harjanto is an Indonesian computer

scientist and computer chess programmer. In 2004,
he developed the free WinBoard chess engine
Petir.

Boris Alterman (1970- ) is an Israeli grandmaster

(1992). He was an advisor and opening book
author of the JUNIOR chess program.

Rasmus Althoff is a German electrical engineer. In

2016, he designed a free and open source dedicated
chess computer called CT800 running open source
software.

Leen Ammeraal is a Dutch mathematician and

computer scientist. In 2000, he developed Queen, a
WinBoard and UCI-compliant chess program. He
is also the author of Senior Chess.

Dr. Thomas Anantharaman is a computer

statistician. While at Carnegie-Mellon University
from 1985 to 1990, along with Feng-hsiung Hsu
and Murray Campbell, he developed ChipTest. It
was the predecessor of Deep Thought, which
evolved into Deep Blue. ChipTest was based on a
special VLSI-technology move generator chip,
controlled by a Sun-3/160 workstation. It was
capable of searching 50,000 moves per second.
This work led to his 1990 PhD Dissertation: "A
Statistical Study of Selective Min-Max Search in
Computer Chess.”

Robert Ancell is an Australian software engineer.

He was the primary author and initial maintainer of
the glChess and GNOME Chess source chess
GUIs, released in 2018.

International Master Frank Anderson (1928-1980)

was a computer engineer at the University of
Toronto. In 1959, he, along with Bob Cody, wrote
a chess program that analyzed simple pawn
endings. When the program was demonstrated at
the Canadian Conference of Scientists it played
against more than 50 different opponents, each of
whom could choose his own starting position,
given the small number of pawns. In each case the
program played perfectly. Their first version could
cope with more than 180,000 different positions, a
figure that was increased in subsequent versions of
the program. In each case the program played
perfectly. Unfortunately, the strategy that enabled
these endings to be programmed successfully was
never documented and the programmers no longer
have any written record of it, nor are they able to
remember it.

Dr. Rafael Andrist is a Swiss computer scientist

and mathematician. He is the author of the chess
program WILHELM, which was supported from
2003 to 2006. It had its own GUI running under
windows with a focus on endgame research. The
chess engine was written in C and the GUI was
written in Visual Basic.

Volker Annuss is a German computer chess

programmer. He is the author of the chess engines
Hermann (which can play Chess960) and
Arminius. In 1986, he wrote a chess program
called Deep Thought for Atari ST.

Vladimir Arlazarov is a Russian computer

scientist. In 1965, he co-developed the ITEP Chess
Program and in 1971, he co-developed the chess
program KAISSA, which won the first World
Computer Chess Championship in 1974.

Roman Antonczyk is an Austrian computer

scientist. In 1996, he wrote the chess program
YChess, which ran on 386 PCs with VGA or
SVGA graphics cards.

Ioannis Antonoglou is a Greek computer scientist

and software engineer at Google DeepMind since
2012. He was involved in the AlphaZero projects
that achieved a superhuman level of play in chess.

Dr. Lyudmil Antonov is a Bulgarian statistician.

He contributed to the Stockfish project to create a
UCI compatible open source chess engine. He is
the author of asmFish and fishtest.

Benny Antonsson is a Swedish computer chess

programmer. He is the author of the WinBoard
compliant chess programs Embracer, which he
wrote in 1999, and Alarm (formerly Deamon),
which he wrote in 2001.

Daniel Anulliero is a French chess programmer.

He began chess programming on a Macintosh and
wrote his first chess program, called BISHOP, in
Basic. He later ported it to a PC sing QuckBASIC
4.5. He later wrote the chess engines JARS, Yoda,
and ISA.

Edsel Apostol (1984- ) is a Filipino software

engineer. In 2007, he wrote the UCI-compliant
chess engine Twisted Logic. In 2010, he co-wrote
the chess engine Hannibal with Sam Hamilton.

Hans-Jurgen Appelrath (1952-2016) was a German

mathematician and computer scientist. In 1973,
while at the University of Dortmund, he was a
member of a project team that developed the
mainframe chess program Proscha, written in PL/I
for the IBM 370.

Timothy Arbuckle is an American computer

engineer and programmer. In 1957, he was a
member of the team developing the Bernstein
Chess Program for the IBM 704.
Oleg Arenz is a German computer scientist. In
2012, he wrote the chess engine MCC, based on
Stockfish. His Bachelor’s thesis was on the Monte-
Carlo Tree Search, a Best-First search algorithm, in
the game of chess.

Vladimir Arlazarov is a Russian mathematician

and computer scientist. In 1965, he co-developed
the ITEP Chess Program at the Moscow Institute
of Theoretical and Experimental Physics.

Dr. George Arnold is an American electrical

engineer and computer scientist. He, along with
Monty Newborn, developed a chess program called
Ostrich in 1971. It ran on a Digital Computer
Laboratory at Columbia University.

Robert Arnstein is an American electrical engineer

and computer scientist. In 1977, he developed 8080
Chess, a chess program for the S-100 bus
microcomputers. It was the first microcomputer to
participate in an ACM computer chess tournament
in 1977.

Stan Arts is a Dutch computer chess programmer.

In 2002, he developed Stan’s Chess. This later
evolved into Neurosis. He also wrote the chess
engine Nemeton.

Larry Atkin is an American computer scientist and

form chess programmer. While a student at
Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, he,
along with Keith Gorlen, wrote a chess program
called CHESS 1.0 in 1968. It ran on a CDC 6400
mainframe. In 1973, Atkin, along with David Slate,
wrote a new program, Chess 4.0, rather than
modifying the Chess 3.x series. A library of 5,000
opening positions was added. In 1976, Atkin and
Slate added a transposition table for Chess 4.5. Its
rating was under 1600, or Class C level. After 10
years of development, chess programs gained less
than 200 points. At that rate, it would take another
60 years before a computer could challenge the
world chess champion. But in just a few years,
Chess 4.9 would be playing at the Expert level. In
1980, Atkin, along with William Blanchard,
created NUCHESS. Atkin went to Applied
Concepts and worked on dedicated chess
computers such as the Great Game Machine and
the Chafitz modular game system.

Ron Atkin (1926- ) was a British mathematician. In

the early 1970s, introduced Q-analysis, a
mathematical framework to describe and analyze
set systems, to chess. It was a method to
mathematically evaluate chess positions in
computer programs, mostly at the positional level
rather than the tactical level.

Steven Atkinson, is an Australian hobby

programmer. In 2010, he wrote a chess GUI called
Scid vs. PC, written in Tcl/Tk, which acts as a
front end of a database for the Shane Hudson’s
Chess Information Database (SCID).

Peter Auge is a German toy manufacturer. He,

along with Erich Winkler, formed Novag
Industries Ltd in 1978. Auge was manufacturer of
dedicated chess computers from 1978 until 2009
when Novag was sold to Solar Wide Industrial
Ltd.

Guillermo Baches-Garcia is a computer scientist

and computer chess programmer. In 2004, he
developed the chess program FIBChess, written in
Java.

Ivan Bacigal is an American computer chess

programmer. In the 1990s, he developed the
computer chess program Waxman, also known as
Pocket Chess for Windows.

Boris Baczynskyj (1945-2008) worked for Hayden

Software on the Sargon II manual, and was
affiliated with Fidelity International as a chess
advisor. He was responsible for Fidleity’s opening
book. He co-authored, with David Welsh,
Computer Chess II.
Dr. Dmitry Badziahin is a Belarusian
mathematician. In 2008, he wrote the chess utility
Kvetka, used to view and analyze chess games and
positions under Windows.

Mikael Baeckman is a Swedish computer chess

programmer. In 2003, he created the WinBoard
chess engine Chepia.

Douglas Bagnall is a New Zealand computer

programmer. In 2002, he wrote the open source
chess engine p4wn, written in JavaScript.

Dr. Michael Bain is an Australian computer

scientist. His PhD thesis was titled Learning
Logical Exceptions in Chess. His research interests
include machine learning and inductive logic
programming.

Alan Baisley was a computer scientist. As a

student at MIT in the 1960s, he was the tester and
book-author of the Greenblatt Chess Program
(MacHack VI). In 1974, he implemented Tech 2 in
assembly language on a PDP-10.

Dr. Miguel Ballicora is a biochemist and chess

programmer. In 2001, he wrote the chess engine
Gaviota. He is also the author of Ordo, a chess
program to calculate ratings of individual chess
engines.

Dr. Amir Ban is an Israeli computer scientist. In

1996, he was the primary author of Junior, and its
multiprocessor version, Deep Junior, in 2004.

Ankan Banerjee is an Indian computer scientist. In

2016. He developed the experimental chess engine
Paladin, written in C++.

Graham Banks is a New Zealand computer chess

aficionado and tester of chess programs. He co-
founded the Computer Chess Rating Lists (CCRL)
group.
Walter Bannerman is a Swiss computer chess
programmer. In 1993, he developed the chess
engine Ananse.

Johan Van Barel is a Belgian computer chess

programmer. In 1997, he developed Psion Chess, a
commercial chess program for the 8088-
compatible computer.

Michael Barenfeld is an American psychologist

and computer scientist. In the late 1960s, he
developed the experimental chess program
Perceiver, which duplicated the eye movements of
a chess expert.

Craig Barnes is an American computer scientist. In

1973, he co-authored Chess while an
undergraduate at the University of California,
Berkeley. From 1982 until 1995, he was senior
programmer for Julio Kaplan’s Heuristic Software,
an American chess and AI game developing
company.

David J. Barnes is a British computer scientist. He

is the author of the PGN processing tool, pgn-
extract.

Christian Barreteau is a French electrical engineer

and chess programmer. In 1995, he wrote the chess
engine AnMon, one of the first engines which
supported the WinBoard protocol.

Nils Barricelli (1912-1993) was a Norwegian-

Italian mathematician. He developed his chess
program called FREEDOM, which took last place
in the First World Computer Chess Championship
in Stockholm in 1974.

Wilhelm Barth is an Austrian computer scientist.

In 1996, he wrote the chess program Endspiel.

Reid Barton is an American mathematician at

Harvard University. While at MIT in 1999, he
contributed to the Cilkchess computer chess
program, a massive parallel chess program.

Ingo Bauer is a German chess computer tester and

operator. He maintains the IPON rating list.

Martin Bauer is a German software developer and

computer chess programmer. He is the author of
DelphiMax, a UCI-compliant chess engine.

Dr. Ira Baxter, from Software Dynamics developed

a chess program called SD Chess in 1977. It was
written in Basic on a 6800-microcomputer using a
minimax tree look-ahead scheme.

Jonathan Baxter is an Australian computer

scientist. In 1997, he co-authored with Lex Weaver
the Temporal Difference learning chess program
KnightCap. In 1999, he wrote TDChess.

George Baylor was a professor of psychology. In

1965, while a student at Carnegie-Mellon
University, he wrote a mating combinations
program called Mater.

Dr. Don Beal is a British computer scientist and

computer games researcher. He researched and
published various computer chess-related topics.
He authored several chess programs such as
Delicate Brute and BCP.

Dr. Aaron Becker is an American mathematician,

computer scientist, and software engineer. In 2009,
he developed the chess engine Daydreamer, a UCI-
compliant open source chess engine.

Dr. Stephen F. Becker is an American physicist

and attorney. In 1975, he, along with Ted
Anderson, wrote a chess program called SORTIE
in 1975.

Alvaro Beque is a Spanish computer chess

programmer. In 1999, along with Jose Manuel
Moran, he co-wrote the chess program Ruy Lopez.
Gerlach van Beinum is a Dutch computer scientist
and former computer chess programmer. In the
early 1980s, he was a member of a team that
created the Pion chess program. It was written in C
and had an opening book of 4,000 positions.

Wieland Belka is a computer chess programmer.

He is the author of the chess engine Eichhoernchen
and the open source chess engine Brainless.

Alex Bell was a British scientist at the Atlas

Computer Laboratory in Chilton, England. In 1967,
he wrote a chess program called ATLAS. In 1970,
Alex G. Bell published an article called, "How to
Program a Computer to Play Legal Chess."

John T. Bell is an American businessman and

programmer. In 1992, he, along with David
Hendricks, developed EdChess, a shareware chess
program for the IBM PC. Bell worked on the
interface and designed the chessboard using the
IBM special character set.

Marco Belli is an Italian computer chess

programmer. In 2010, he developed the chess
engine Vajolet, and, later, Vajolet 2.

Dr. Richard Bellman (1920-1984) was an applied

mathematician at the RAND Corporation. In 1965,
he published an article called "On the application
of dynamic programming to the determination of
optimal play in chess and checkers." A great deal
of effort was expended about the use of digital
computers to play chess or checkers. The paper
tried to show how the theory of dynamic
programming could be used to determine optimal
play in the great majority of pawn-king end games
in chess, with computers currently available, and to
determine the optimal play for the entire game of
checkers. He proposed the creation of a database to
solve chess endgames using retrograde analysis.
Instead of analyzing forward from the position
currently on the board, the database would analyze
backward from positions where one player is
checkmated or stalemated.

Dr. Steven Bellovin is an American computer

scientist. In 1970, he co-authored the chess
program CCCP (Columbia Computer Chess
Program).

Martin Belsky is an American computer scientist

and computer programmer. In 1957, he was a
member of the team that developed a chess playing
program (the Bernstein program) for the IBM 704.

Dr. Ruben Carlo Benante is a Brazilian computer

scientist. In 2007, he developed Xadreco, an open
source chess engine.

Juan Benitez-Sanchez is a Spanish software

developer and computer chess programmer. In
1993, he developed the chess engine Betsabe.

Ryan Benitez is an American computer scientist

and computer chess programmer. In 2005, he
developed the chess engine RTG and Gambit
Fruit.

Jaime Benito is a Spanish computer chess

programmer. In 2004, he developed the chess
engine Ayito.

Joel Benjamin (1964- ) was the winner of the

National Elementary (1976), Junior High School
(1978), and High School Championships (1980-
81), U.S. Junior Championship (1980, 1982), U.S.
Open Championship (1985), and U.S.
Championship (1987, 1997). He was the editor of
Chess Chow, a monthly chess magazine. He
defeated his first master at age 11 and was the first
11-year old U.S. Expert. At 13 years and 3 months,
he broke Bobby Fischer’s record (13 years, 5
months) for becoming the youngest U.S. master up
to that time. He was the youngest Manhattan Chess
Club champion at 14, and became a Grandmaster
in 1986. He assisted the IBM DEEP BLUE team
that helped defeat Garry Kasparov in the DEEP
BLUE computer vs. Kasparov chess match in April
1997.

Alvaro Benlloch is a former computer chess

programmer and advisor. In 1993, he co-authored
the chess engine Killer.

Shawn Benn is an American computer scientist and

software engineer. In 1993, he recalibrated the
Bratko-Kopec (B-K) Test using six commercial
chess programs. The B-K test was a published
means of assessment of chess-playing programs.

Adam Berent is a Canadian computer programmer.

He developed the chess engine ChessBin.com with
C# source code and explanation supplied.

Josu Bergara-Ede is a Spanish programmer. He

developed a portable dedicated chess system called
Gavon.

John Bergbom is a Swedish computer scientist and

chess programmer. In 2004, he developed an open
source chess engine called Amundsen.

Ard van Bergen is a Dutch physicist and former

computer chess programmer. In 1981, he
developed the chess program PK80/83. In 1986, he
developed the chess program SChess.

Moritz Berger is a German computer scientist. In

1997, he was one of the founders of the Computer
Chess Club (CCC), a moderated computer chess
forum.

Peter Berger is a German computer chess expert.

He is the opening book author of Bringer and
Crafty.

Dr. Elwyn Berlekam (1940- ) is an American

electrical engineer and computer scientist. In 1960,
while an undergraduate at MIT, he was a member
of the chess group that worked on chessplaying
routines for the IBM 704 computer. For a while, he
joined Alan Kotok and others to build the Kotok-
McCarthy chess program for the IBM 7090.

Dr. Hans Berliner (1929-2017) was a computer

scientist specializing in Artificial Intelligence and
winner of the 5th world correspondence
championship (1965-68). In 1969, he developed
his first chess program at Carnegie-Mellon
University called J. Biit. J Biit (Just Because It Is
There). It was written in PL/I and ran on a DEC
PDP-10 computer at Carnegie Mellon University.
He also got it running on an IBM 360/91
mainframe computer at Columbia University. J.
Biit was one of the first chess programs operated
through a Graphical User Interface (GUI). Berliner
was the first U.S. correspondence Grandmaster. He
helped develop the chess machine/program called
Hitech, one of the strongest chess machines in the
world. It was the first computer program to become
a US Chess Federation Senior Master. In 1974,
Berliner wrote a chess program as part of his Ph.D.
dissertation (“Chess Computers as Problem
Solving”) at Carnegie-Mellon University. In 1979,
he developed a backgammon-playing computer
program that defeated the reigning world
backgammon champion. In 1997, Berliner was
awarded the $100,000 Fredkin Prize to the
inventors of the Deep Blue chess machine for
being the first program to beat a reigning world
chess champion. Berliner was the administrator of
the Fredkin Foundation grant.

Victor Berman is an American electrical engineer

and computer scientist. He was involved in the
development of CHAOS in the 1960s.

Erik Bernhardsson is a Swedish computer scientist.

In 2014, he developed Deep Pink, an open source
chess engine written in Python.

Alex Bernstein was a IBM employee who created

the first complete chess program at IBM in 1957.
With his colleagues Michael de V. Roberts,
Timothy Arbuckle and Martin Belsky, Bernstein
created a chess program at MIT. It ran on an IBM
704 (42,000 instructions per second), one of the
last vacuum tube computers. It took about 8
minutes to make a move after a 4-ply search. The
Bernstein Chess Program was the prototype of a
selective forward pruning technique called the
Shannon Type B (selective search, rather than
Type A – brute force) program. His program
searched four plies and considered seven most
plausible moves from each position, evaluating
material, mobility, area control and king defense.

Jeremy Bernstein is an American programmer. In

2010, he founded the OpenChess Forum. He was a
co-author of Komodo 7.

Albert Bertilsson is a Swedish computer scientist

and programmer. In 2002, he developed #Chess,
written entirely in C#. In 2003, he developed the
chess engine Sharper, written in C++.

Wim van Beusekom is a Dutch computer scientist

and computer chess programmer. In 1989, he wrote
the chess program Tobber.

Stanley Bialek designed the Fideleity Challenger

board and patented the design. He, along with
Andrew Najda, wrote the chess program Number
Nine Chess.

Dr. Aart Bik is a Dutch computer scientist. In

2007, he developed the chess engine BikJump. He
also developed the standalone chess application
Chess for Android and implemented Chess for
Glass.

Walt Bilofsky is an American computer scientist,

programmer, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. In
1980, he founded The Software Toolworks, Inc. In
1986, he was one of the creators of Chessmaster
2000.

John Birmingham is a British computer scientist

and programmer. In 1973, worked on the chess
playing program called Minimax algorithm Tester
(Master), translating the original Algol code into
PL/I.

Alexander Bitman (1939-2013) was a Russian

programmer. He co-developed the ITEP Chess
Program. He later became a member of the
KAISSA team. In 1988, he was the tournament
director of the first Soviet Computer Chess
Championship. In 2013, he was killed by a hit-and-
run driver in Moscow.

Dr. Yngvi Bjornsson is an Icelandic computer

scientist. In 1996, along with Andreas Junghanns,
he developed the chess program The Turk. He
served as Vice-President of the International
Computer Games Association (ICGA) from 2005
until 2011.

David Blackman is a software developer and

computer chess programmer. In 1989, he authored
the chess program Desperado.

William Blanchard is an American computer

scientist and computer chess programmer. He,
along with David Slate, created the chess program
NUCHESS at Northwestern University in 1980.

German Blanquer is a Spanish computer scientist

and former computer chess programmer. In 1993,
he co-authored the chess engine Killer, written in
Turbo Pascal.

Uri Blass is an Israeli mathematician and computer

chess programmer. In 2004, he developed the chess
engine Movei.

Dr. Woodrow Bledsoe (1921-1995) was an

American mathematician and computer scientist.
He published tournament reports on the early ACM
chess championships.

Eiko Bleicher is a German computer scientist and

programmer. In 2005, he authored the analysis tool
for chess endgames, called Freezer. He has
developed endgame bitbases for Shredder, called
shredderbases.

Marco Block-Berlitz is a German computer

scientist. In 2002, he founded the working group
chess programming and developed a chess engine
called FUSc#, written in C#.

Ikka Blom is a Finnish chess problem composer. In

1980, he wrote Alybadix for chess problem
solving. It is one of the oldest software programs
for chess problems.

Fonzy Bluemers is a Dutch software developer and

computer chess programmer. In 2007, he co-
authored the chess engine Dirty.

Martin Blume is a German computer scientist. In

2001, he wrote Arena, a Windows chess GUI.

Dr. Robert Blumofe is an American computer

scientist and programmer. In 1994, he co-authored
Star Socrates, MIT’s first Cilk chess program.

Volker Boehm is a German computer scientist and

chess programmer. In 2004, along with Ralf
Schafer, he developed the chess engine Spike,
which won the first Livingston Chess960
Computer World Championship in 2005.

Sebastian Boehme is a German chess player and

opening book author for HIARCS and The Baron
chess engine.

Harold (Hal) Bogner is an American chess master

and associate producer of chess software at
Eletronic Arts. He assisted David Kittinger with
WChess in testing and input for evaluation ideas.

Claudio Bollini is an Argentinian theologian and

scientific programmer. In 1998, he developed the
chess engine Genesis.
Dr. Alan Bond (1940- ) is a British American
physicist. He was a promoter of early computer
chess conferences.

Ivan Bonkin is a Russian chess programmer. In

2008, he wrote the chess program Bison.

Gary Boos of the University of Minnesota, along

with James Mundstock, wrote a chess program in
1967. They called their chess program MR. TURK,
written in Fortran and ran on a CDC 6600. They
later wrote a computer chess program called IRON
FISH.

Michael Borgstaedt is a German IT consultant and

computer chess programmer. In 1996, he
developed a chess program called InterChess. It
later became a commercial program called
Goliath.

Dr. Martin Borriss is a German computer scientist.

In 2000, he wrote Gullydeckel, a free open source
chess engine.

Dr. Borko Boskovic is a Slovenian computer

scientist. He is the author of BBChess and
MinkoChess, both free open source chess
programs.

Former world champion Mikhail Botvinnik (1911-

1995) had a PhD in Electrical Engineering and
worked as an electrical engineer and developed
computer chess programs. He became interested in
computer chess in the 1950s. Botvinnik's research
on chess-playing programs concentrated on
"selective searches", which used general chess
principles to decide which moves were worth
considering. This was the only feasible approach
for the primitive computers available in the Soviet
Union in the early 1960s, which were only capable
of searching three or four half-moves deep (i.e., A's
move, B's move, A's move, B's move) if they tried
to examine every variation. In the 1970s, he
developed a computer chess program called
PIONEER with the aim to develop a chess
program to model a chess master’s mind.

Dr. Marc Boule is a Canadian electrical engineer

and computer scientist. In 2002, he authored a
chess program called MBChess, written in C.

Marc Bourzutschky is an American physicist. He

created six-piece endgame tablebases (EGTBs) for
Chessmaster. In 2005, he created 7-man EGTBs. In
2006, he found a 517-move win in a king-queen-
knight vs. king-rook-bishop-knight endgame.

Jean-Louis Boussin, is a French computer chess

programmer. In 2005, he developed Fute, a private
chess program.

Ross Boyd is an Australian computer chess

programmer. In 2002, he wrote TRACE, a free
WinBoard-compliant chess engine, written in C.

Matthew Brades in an English chess programmer.

He joined the Computer Chess Club at age 12. He
is the author of chess engines Magic, FruitFly,
Dorpsgek, and Firenzina.

Bruno Bras is a French computer chess

programmer. He is the author of chess engines
Nest, Gemie, Pacque Expert, Chess Christy, Kristy
Lenix, Soft Jacqueline Bras, and Chess Ebbiz 9.
Witali Braslawski is a Ukrainian born German
software developer. In 1991, he developed Chess
Academy, a commercial multiple purpose chess
GUI.

Ivan Bratko is a Slovenian computer scientist. He,

along with Danny Kopec, developed the Bratko-
Kopec Test, the standard test for chess computers.
In 1982, it was used to evaluate human or machine
ability based on the presence or absence of certain
knowledge.

Dr. Oliver Brausch is a German computer scientist.

In 2004, he wrote OliThink, an open source chess
program with C and Java versions available.

Andrey Brenkman is a Russian software developer

and computer chess programmer. In 2006, he
developed ifrit, an open source chess engine.

Dr. Eric Brewer is an American computer scientist.

He contributed to the Socrates chess program.

David Bringhurst is an American software

engineer. He was director of software development
at Software Toolworks and Mindscape. In 1991, he
developed the graphics programming of
Chessmaster 3000.

Bernard Broit is a French computer chess

programmer. In 1992, he developed the chess
program BBchess, written in Pascal.

Mark Bromley is an American computer scientist.

In 1993, he was involved in the StarTech massive
parallel computer chess project for the 512-
processor Connection Machine CM-5.

David Broughton is a British computer chess

programmer who worked for Philidor Software and
Intelligent Software companies. He wrote a chess
program called VEGA in 1979, written on the Z80
North Star Horizon machine. He also helped
develop Parker Chess and the SciSys Chess
Champion Mark V.

Michael Browne is an American computer

scientist. As a student at the Carnegie-Mellon
University, he was a member of the Deep Thought
team. He was responsible for Deep Thought’s
opening book.

Dr. Craig Bruce is a Canadian computer scientist

and senior software developer. In 1990, along with
Kevin Phillips, he developed KC Chess, written in
Turbo Pascal to run under MS-DOS computers.
Dr. Alexander Brudno (1918-2009) was a Soviet
mathematician. In 1963, he independently
discovered the alpha-beta algorithm. The algorithm
was implemented in the ITEP Chess Program. He
later led the team that created the chess program
KAISSA at Moscow’s Institute of Control
Sciences. He moved to Israel in 1991.

Alex Brunetti is an Italian computer scientist. In

2010, he developed the chess engine Protej, written
in Delphi and Assembly.

Martin Bryant is a British computer scientist who

worked at Philidor Software and Intelligent
Software. In 1979, he wrote White Knight, a chess
program written in Pascal. In 1983, he developed
Colossus, a chess program for the Apple II in 6502
Assembly.

Gabor Buella is a Hungarian software developer.

In 2009, he wrote Zochova, an open source chess
engine.

Dieter Buerssner is a German chemist and

programmer. In 2001, he wrote the strong chess
engine Yace (Yet Another Chess Engine). He
helped develop chess training software for Palm
and Pocket-PC.

Joost Buijs is a Dutch computer chess programmer.

In 1977, he authored the chess program Nightmare,
which began on a Heathkit H8. He co-authored
Goldbar in the early 1990s.

Geoffrey Bulmer is a British mathematican and

physicist. In 1981, he wrote a microcomputer chess
program called Chessnut, which ran on a modified
Acorn computer with a 6502 processor.

Guy Burkill is a British engineer and former

computer chess programmer. In 1978, he wrote a
chess program called FAFNER. He wrote a chess
program called MAX in 1979.
Joerg Burwitz is a German computer chess
programmer. He is the author of the chess program
Doigenes, and the co-author with Rainer Serfling
of the dedicated board chess computer Milobarus.

Shay Bushinsky is an Israeli computer scientist and

chess programmer. He is the co-author, with Amir
Ban, of Junior and Deep Junior chess engines.

Vladimir Butenko is a Russian computer scientist.

He worked with Mikhail Botvinnik on Pioneer, a
chess program that ran on an M-20. Butenko was
invited to play in the first Soviet Computer Chess
Championship in 1988 with his own chess
program, but he required a mainframe, which was
not feasible to arrange.

Vadim Bykov is a Russian chess programmer. In

2004, he wrote Zeus, a Winboard-compatible chess
engine, written in C.

Michael Byrne is a computer chess aficionado. He

wrote many computer chess articles for Computer
Chess Reports in the 1990s. He served as
moderator in the Computer Chess Club (CCC). He
is a member of the Crafty team. Crafty is a portable
open source chess engine written by Robert Hyatt
in ANSI C.

Carlos del Cacho is a Spanish software developer

and computer chess programmer. In 2000, he
authored the open source chess engine Pepito.

David Cahlander is an American computer

scientist. He was a team member and hardware
consultant of the Northwestern University’s chess
program Chess in the 1970s. He designed the
Chess 4,7 Sensory Board in 1978.

Gary Calnek is a Canadian computer scientist and

early computer chess programmer. In 1974, he was
a co-author of Ribbit, a mainframe chess program,
and its successor, Treefrog in 1975.
Carmelo Calzerano is an Italian computer chess
programmer. In 2001, he wrote Leila, a UCI-
compatible chess engine.

Dr. Murray Campbell is a research scientist at

IBM. In 1986, while at Carnegie-Mellon
University, he, along with Feng-hsiung Hsu and
Thomas Anantharaman, developed ChipTest. It
was the predecessor of Deep Thought, which
evolved into Deep Blue. ChipTest was based on a
special VLSI-technology move generator chip,
controlled by a Sun-3/160 workstation. It was
capable of searching 50,000 moves per second. In
1989, Campbell joined IBM to develop Deep Blue.
He was a member of the Deep Blue team that beat
Garry Kasparov in 1997.

Sedat Canbaz is a Turkish computer chess

aficionado. He is a computer chess aficionado. He
is the tester and director of the Sedat Computer
Chess Test (SCCT) tournament and rating site. He
is the author of various opening books, such as
“Perfect.”

Giuseppe Canella is an Italian software developer

and software engineer. In 2013, he authord the
open source chess engine Cinnamon (formerly
Butterfly). Cinnamon is bundled with the Tarrasch
GUI for Windows.

Mario Raul Carbonell-Martinez is a Spanish

computer scientist and former computer chess
programmer. He is co-author of the chess engine
Killer.

Ulysse Carion is an American programmer. In

2013, he authored Godot, a Java chess program.

Jose Carlos is a Spanish computer chess

programmer. In 1999, he wrote the chess engine
Averno. In 2003, he wrote the chess engine
Anubis.

Dr. Frederic Roy Carlson is an American electrical

engineer. In 1972, he co-authored the chess
program USC CP. In 1974, he co-authored Tyro.

Dr. Gerardo Recio is a medical doctor and chess

programmer. In 1993, he authored the chess
program Zeus. In 1997, he wrote the chess
program Toledo. In 1999, he wrote the chess
program Caligula.

Eugene Castillo-Jimenez is a Spanish computer

chess programmer. In 1996, he wrote the chess
program Eugen. In 2002, he co-authored the chess
program Chinito.

Pedro Castro-Elgarresta is a Spanish computer

chess programmer. In 2005, he authored the chess
engine DanaSah. In 2008, he authored the chess
engine Caligula.

Fabio Cavicchio is an Italian computer chess

programmer. In 2001, he authored the strong chess
engine Delfi. It was written in Pascal with x86
inline assembly and compiled with Delphi.

Antonio Ceballos is a Spanish project manager and

software engineer. He is the co-maintainer of GNU
Chess.

Frank Ceruti is an American electrical engineer

and computer scientist. In 1968, along with Rolf
Smith, he co-authored the early mainframe chess
program Schach. It was written in Fortran.

Steve Chafitz is an American engineer and

entrepreneur. Along with his wife Arleen, he
founded Chafitz, Inc in the early 1970s. Chafitz,
Inc. launched their first dedicated chess computer
called Boris in 1978, running on a Fairchild F8 8-
bit microprocessor.

David G. Champernowne (1912-2000) was an

English mathematician. He was Professor of
Statistical Economics at Oxford (1848-1959) and
professor of Economics and Statistics at
Cambridge (1970-2000). In 1948, he helped
develop one of the first chess-playing computer
programs, called TURBOCHAMP (which beat
Champernowne’s wife in its only victory).

Rasjid Chan is a Singaporean chess programmer.

In 1999, he authored the chess program
SnailChess. He later authored Cowrie Chess.

Stephen Chen was an early microcomputer chess

programmer from Hong Kong. In 1979, he was the
author of the chess program used in the dedicated
Conic ComputerCchess. Manik Charan is an Indian
computer scientist and computer chess
programmer. In 2016, he wrote WyldChess, and
open source chess engine. In 2018, he wrote Teki,
a free, UCI-compliant open source chess engine,
written in C++. He also authored the tool
epd2uci.py to test UCI engines over Extended
Position Description (epd) collections.

Shawn Chidester is an American senior software

engineer. In the early 1990s, he authored the chess
engines CACIO, Clubfoot, Bitfoot, Clunk,
Bumblebee, and the Senjo C++ UCI adaptor.

Vadim Chizhov, is a Russian chess programmer. In

2007, he authored the chess program Counter
written in C# to run under Windows .Net.

Mikhail Chudako is a Russian electrical engineer

and computer scientist. From 1980 until 1990, he
was a member of the Pioneer computer team, led
by Mikhail Botvinnik.

Piotr Cichy is a Polish computer chess

programmer. In 2004, he wrote a chess engine
called nanoSzachy. It was only 29kB, but played at
over 2400 strength. He also wrote pikoSzachy. It is
8 kB and about 2200 Elo strength.

Didzis Cirulis is a Latvian computer chess expert

and chess program tester. He was involved in
testing Chess Tiger, Rebel, Chess Genius, and
Hiarcs.

Gianluca Cisana is a computer chess programmer.

In 2002, he authored the chess engine BremboCE.

Michael Clarke ( -1994) was a British computer

scientist. He was the editor of the first Advances in
Computer Chess proceedings in 1977, and
organized the Advances in Computer Chess
3conference in London in 1981.

Philipp Classen is a German computer scientist and

computer chess programmer. In 2000, he authored
the chess engine Ghost, written in C++.

Truman Collins is an American computer scientist.

In 1985, he authored the chess program Pawnder
which runs on a PC under MS-DOS.

John Comeau (1930-2005) was an American

electrical engineer. In 1978, he wrote Chekmo-II
for the PDP-8.

Dr. Joe Condon (1935-2012) was an American

experimental physicist and electrical engineer.
While at Bell Labs, he implemented a hardware
move generator used with the software version of
Belle on the PDP-11 in 1976. A Fredkin Prize of
$5,000 was presented to Joe Condon and Ken
Thompson for their work on the first computer to
earn a USCF master rating.

Christopher Conkie is a chess programmer. He is

the author of the private chess engine Arzael. He
serves as main tester for the Arena team. Arena is a
free GUI for Chess Engine Communication
Protocol and UCI-compatible engines running
under Windows.

Dennis Cooper is an American electrical engineer,

computer scientist, and early computer chess
programmer. He, along with Ed Kozdrowski, wrote
a chess program called COKO in 1969.
Jeffrey and Clare Cooper, British chess
programmers, wrote a program called WIZARD in
1979. In 1982, they wrote the chess program
Gambiet ’82.

Dann Corbit is an American software engineer and

programmer. He authored the chess engines Bean
Counter and Beowulf.

Frederico Corigliano is an Argentinian computer

scientist and chess programmer. In 2002, he
authored the chess engine Chispa, which was one
of the first Chess960 engines. In 2007, he authored
HeavyChess.

A. Cornish wrote a chess program called COCMA

in 1978.

Claudio della Corte is an Italian computer chess

programmer. In 2001, he authored Esc, a
WinBoard-compatible chess engine written in
C++.

Marco Costalba is an Italian software developer. In

2008, he began working of the chess engine
Stockfish.

Gady Costeff is an Israeli American programmer.

In 2003, he authored the Chess Query Language
(CQL), a query language to search for games,
problems, and studies to match the specific themes
from a collection of PGN games.

Remi Coulom is a French computer scientist and

programmer. In 1997, he authored The Crazy
Bishop chess program. It was one of the pioneers
in supporting the Chess Engine Communications
Protocol.

Garth Courtois (1949-1996) was an American

chess programmer. In 1975, wrote a chess program
called ETAOIN SH for the Nova 1200
minicomputer.
Dr. Anthony Cozzie is an American computer
scientist. In 2005, he wrote the chess program
Zappa.

Stuart Cracraft is an American computer scientist.

In 1984, he began working on writing GNU Chess,
a free software chess engine. In 1994, he authored
Gazebo, a Windows chess program, which was
later incorporated into GNU Chess 5.

Matt Craighead is an American mathematician,

programmer, and computer scientist. In 1993, at
the age of 11, he wrote Neptune, a chess program
written in Pascal and C. In 1995, he started a
complete rewrite of Neptune called Morgoth.

Russel Crook is a Canadian physicist and computer

scientist. In 1974, he co-authored the mainframe
program Ribbit. In 1975, he co-authored Treefrog.

Don Cross is an American software engineer. In

1993, he authored Chenard open source chess
program. He also authored the chess program
Flywheel.

Dr. Balazs Csanad Csaji is a Hungarian computer

scientist. In 2002, he authored the chess program
Pandora, written in C++.

Robert Cullum is an American computer chess

programmer from Illinois. In 1989, he authored the
chess program BP, a selective program written in C
and x86 assembly language that ran on a Compaq
386 IBM PC or compatible.

Dariusz Czechowski is a Polish computer chess

programmer. In 2010, he authored Darmenios, a
WinBoard-compliant chess engine.

Nicolai Czempin is a German computer scientist

and programmer. He is the author of the Java chess
engine Eden.

Thorsten Czub is a German computer chess

aficionado and tester. In 1997, he was the founder
of the Computer Chess Club.

Donald Dailey (1956-2013) was an American

chess researcher and programmer. In 1985, he
authored the chess program Rex. From 2010 to
2013, he was the primary author of the chess
engine Komodo.

Chris Daly was a NASA researcher at the Goddard

Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
In1970, he, along with Kenneth King of
Information Displays, Inc., wrote the assembly
language chess program Daly CP. It ran on a stand-
alone computer-aided design (CAD) platform
IDIIOM (IDI Input-Output Machine), based on a
Varian Data Machine 620/I minicomputer. The
program required 4Kbyte of memory and search all
moves to a depth of 4 ply.

Tijs van Dam is a Dutch computer scientist. In

2003, he authored Gk, an open source chess
engine, written in C++.

Alessandro Damiani is an Italian/Swiss software

developer and computer chess programmer. In
1998, he authored the chess engine Fortress,
written in C.

Dr. Denis Dancanet is a Romanian-born

mathematician and computer scientist. In 1985, he
co-authored a chess program called Tumult for a
6502 Apple II.

Kaare Danilesen is a Danish computer scientist. In

1981, he developed LogiChess, a dedicated chess
computer for an Intel 8048. In 1985, he wrote the
book Turbo GameWorks, including a disk with
Pascal source code of Turbo Chess. In 1986, he
developed Enterprise, a dedicated chess computer
for the 6800 instruction set.

Matteo D’Annibale is an Italian software developer

and computer chess programmer. In 2012, he
authored the chess engine BackMamba.

Viorel Darie is a Moldavian-born, Romanian

mathematician and computer scientist. In 1976, he
developed Astro 64, the first Romanian chess
program. It ran on a Felix C-256 mainframe
computer. He is also the author of the PC program
Friendly Chess.

David Darling is a British astronomer. During the

early 1980s, he was affiliated with Cray Research.
He won one of the team members of Cray Blitz.

Jon Dart is an American software developer and

chess programmer. In 1994, he authored an open
source engine called Arasan, written in C++. It
runs on Windows, Linux, and Mac OS.

Dr. Omid David is a computer scientist. In 2002,

he authored the chess engine Genesis. In 2003, he
authored the private chess engine, Falcon.

Sito Dekker is a Dutch physicist, electrical

engineer, and computer scientist. In 1979, he co-
authored Pion, a chess program written in C. In
1986, he wrote Dutch, a chess program written in
C.

Giancarlo Delli Colli ( -2017) was a Italian

software developer. In 2005, he authored the chess
engine Lion, initially written in Java and later
ported to C++. The engine was based on the source
code of the chess engine Fruit. In 2007, he
authored the chess engine Cipollino. In 2009, he
authored the chess engine Equinox.

Wolfgang Delmare is a German physicist and

computer scientist. In 1986, he authored the chess
engine Chat, written in Pascal. In 1989, he
authored the commercial chess program Check
Check. In 1993, he co-authored, with Thorsten
Kofeldt, the chess program Experimental.

Vadim Demichev is a Russian chess programmer.

He is the author of the chess engine Grapefruit. In
2013, he authored the chess engine GullChess.

Dr. Werner-Jimmy-DeVienna DePaul-

Schimanovich-Gottig is an Austrian mathematician
and computer scientist. In 1979, he co-developed
Merlin, a computer chess program that ran on an
IBM 370.

Jan Derksen is a Dutch computer scientist and

former chess programmer. In 1979, he co-authored
the chess program Pion and was able to port the
program to run on a VAX 11/780.

Marc Derksen is a Dutch computer scientist. In

1986, he developed a chess playing computer The
Final Chesscard, a forerunner of the
ChessMachine. He was the GUI and interface
developer of the ChessMachine, TascBase, and
Chessica.

Dr. Alvin Despain co-developed the Berkeley

Chess Microprocessor (BCM) in 1990. It was able
to generate 3 million chess moves a second.

Olivier Deville is a computer chess tester. Starting

in 2003, he started engine-engine chess
tournaments such as ChessWar, OpenWar, and
AEGT. In 2008, he became the administrator of the
Winboard Forum.

Antonio Manuel Dieguez-Rojas is a Chilean

software developer and chess programmer. In
2000, he authored Armyan, a chess engine written
in C++. It was ported to a Java applet to run in a
Web browser using a Java virtual machine. In
2006, Armyan won the first annual ACCA
Americas’ Computer Chess Championship, played
on ICC over the Internet.

Peter van Diepen is a Dutch computer scientist and

early computer chess programmer. In 1978, he
authored the chess program IGM (Ik Ga Mat, I’m
Going to be Mated).
Vincent Diepeveen is a Dutch chess programmer.
In 1993, he authored the chess program Grijp. In
1994, he authored the private chess program Diep,
written in C.

Leo Dijksman ( -2015) was a Dutch computer

chess expert. He was a tester and promoter of
WinBoard engines and organized chess engine
competitions.

Michael Diosi is a German computer chess

aficionado. He is a primary Arena chess engine
tester and Arena webmaster.

Dusan Dobes is a Czech computer scientist and

chess programmer. In 1998, he authored the open
source chess engine Phalanx.

Ralf Doer is a German computer chess

programmer. In 2003, he authored the private chess
engine Nexus, written in Pascal and compiled with
Delphi. In 2005, he authored the chess engine
Argonaut.

Franziskus Domig is an Austrian computer

scientist and software engineer. He is the co-author
of the chess engine Chess at Nite, and the author of
the open source chess engine Cochess.

Dr. Chrilly Donninger is an Austrian computer

scientist. In 1991, he was the primary developer of
the chess program Nimzo. In 2004, he was the
chief programmer of Hydra, a chess-playing entity
based on a cluster computer containing Field
Programmable Gate Arrays.

Mikhail Donskoy (1948-2009) was a Soviet

computer scientist and chess programmer. He
helped program KAISSA, which won the first
World Computer Chess Championship in 1974.

Luca Dormio is an Italian computer chess

programmer. In 1999, he authored Larsen VB, a
WinBoard-compliant open source chess engine.

Dan Drew (1926-2008) was an American computer

scientist. In 1968, he was involved in the
development of the chess program Schach at Texas
A&M University, written in Fortran.

Alejadnro Dubrovsky is an Australian computer

scientist and chess programmer. In 2000, he
authored the chess engine Unches, which was later
named Small Potato.

Michael Duffy us an American software architect.

In 1986, he joined Software Toolworks and created
Chessmaster 2000.

Dr. Harold Jacques Dutka (1919-2002) was an

American mathematician. In 1970, he was the
tournament director of the first US computer chess
championship, held in New York.

Michael Dvorkin is a Lithuanian-born American

computer scientist and software developer. In
2014, he authored the experimental open source
chess engine Donna.

Donald Eastlake is an American mathematician

and computer scientist. In 1966, he was a co-
developer of the Greenblatt chess program (Mac
Hack VI).

Carl Ebeling is an American computer scientist and

electrical engineer. He was part of the team that
developed Hitech with Hans Berliner.

Stefan Edlich is a German computer engineer and

scientist. He is the author of EdlChess and
Rasbojnik chess engines.

Steven James Edwards (1957-2016) was an

American computer scientist and computer chess
programmer. He coordinated and specified the
PGN and EPD standards, as well as the FEN-
position description. He was the author of several
chess programs and toolkits. In 1987, he wrote the
chess program Specter, written in ANSI C.

Michael Ehrig is a German computer chess

programmer. In 1993, he authored the chess engine
Greif.

Hrafn Eriksson is an Icelandic computer scientist.

He is the author of the open source engine Ziggy.

Aron Eisenpress is an American computer

scientist. In 1970, he co-authored the chess
program CCCP while at Columbia University.

Wim Elsenaar is a Dutch computer scientist. In

1968, he wrote the Chess 0.5X chess program that
ran on a PDP-11.

Sean Empey (1976-2008) was an American

computer scientist. In 2000, he wrote Storm, a
WinBoard-compliant chess engine.

Herbert Enderton is an American computer

scientist and software developer. From 1995 until
2005, he was a senior programmer at the Internet
Chess Club (ICC).

Matthias Engelbach is a German chess

programmer and electrical engineer. In 1978, he
wrote the chess program Schach in Algol running
on mainframe computers.

Ed English is an American computer scientist and

programmer. In 1979, he was affiliated with
Fidelity Electronics, where he developed software
for microcomputer chess games. He improved the
alpha-beta implementation of Chess Challenger 7,
doubling its playing speed.

Johan Enroth was a Swedish computer chess

official. In 1979, he founded the Swedish section
of the International Computer Chess Association
(ICCA) and organized the Stockholm
Microcomputer Chess Tournaments.
Norbert Esser is a German computer chess
programmer. In 2003, he co-authored Nexus, a
strong private chess engine, written in Pascal.

Philippe Fabiani is a French computer chess

programmer. In 2004, he authored Delphil, a UCI-
compliant chess engine.

Syed Fahad is a computer chess programmer from

Kashmir. He is the author of the chess engines
Chesser and Yaka.

Basil Falcinelli is a computer programmer. He

introduced and published a Linux port of the Gull 3
chess engine, which evolved in LazyGull.

Andrew Fin is a British software development

engineer and computer chess programmer. In 2003,
he authored the chess engine KKFChess. In 2004,
he authored the UCI-compliant chess engine
Firefly, written in C.

Ubaldo Andrea Farina is an Italian computer chess

programmer. In 2001, he wrote the chess engine
Fauce. In 2002, he wrote the strong commercial
chess engine Chiron.

Scott Farrell is an Australian computer chess

programmer. In 2002, he wrote the private Java
chess engine Chompster.

Robert Fatland is an American geophysicist. In

1986, he worked on Waycool, a massive parallel
chess program from CalTech, running on
nCUBE/10 concurrent computer hypercube
topology.

Mathias Feist is a German computer chess

programmer and a ChessBase employee. In the late
1980s, he ported the ChessBase database program
from Atari ST to the MS-DOS operating system-
based PCs. He and Frans Morsch co-authored the
Fritz chess engine.
Dr. Rainer Feldmann is a German computer games
researcher and chess programmer. In 1990, he co-
authored the massive parallel chess program
Zugzwang.

Fre Felkers is a Dutch computer chess

programmer. In 1985, he authored Delta, a chess
program written in Turbo Pascal.

Ed Felten is an American computer scientist. In

1986, he was a co-author of the massive parallel
chess program Waycool.

Peter Fendrich is a Swedish engineer and computer

scientist. In 1980, he authored the chess program
Terra. In 2007, he authored the chess program
Alaric.

Niklas Fiekas is a German software developer. He

is the primary author of python-chess, a chess
library written in Python featuring move
generation and validation, PGN reading, and
opening book reading.

Dr. Martin Fierz is a Swiss physicist. In 2004, he

authored Muse, an UCI-compliant chess engne,
written in C.

William Fink is an American chess programmer. In

1981, he authored Sfinks, an early commercial
chess program for the IBM PC. It was written in
Z80 assembly language for the TRS-80
microcomputer, then ported to 8086-assembly for
the IBM PC.

Bugra Firat is a Turkish-Canadian computer

scientist. He is the author of OPEX, a web-based
chess openings explorer using ECO classification.

Gerold Fischer is a German computer scientist and

computer chess programmer. In 1996, he authored
the chess program Heureka.
Kurt Fischer is a German mathematician, computer
scientist, and early chess programmer. In 1965,
along with Hans-Jochen Schneider, he is the author
of the first German chess program, Fischer-
Schneider. It was initially written in assembly
language, and later ported to an IBM 360.

Sune Fischer is a Danish software developer and

computer chess programmer. In 2002, he authored
the chess engine Frenzee, written in C++.

Tim Foden is a British software engineer and

computer chess programmer. In 1997, he authored
Green Light Chess, a WinBoard-compliant chess
engine written in C++.

Dr. David Fogel is an American engineer and

computer scientist. He is the co-author of an
evolutionary chess program called Blondie25.

Josue Forte is a Brazilian computer scientist and

computer chess programmer. In 1994, he authored
Matheus, a UCI-compatible chess engine.

Andrei Fortuna is a Romanian software developer.

In 1999, he authored the chess engine Chess 176.
In 2000, he authored the open source chess engine
Freyr.

Marty Franz is an American computer scientist and

software engineer. In 2002, he authored the
WinBoard-compliant open source chess engine
Jester, written in ANSI C.

Dr. Colin Frayn is a British Astronomer. He is the

author of the chess engines ColChess and
Beowolf.

In 1980, Edward Fredkin (1934- ), an MIT

professor, created the Fredkin Prize for Computer
Chess. He offered $5,000 for the first computer to
have an established master’s rating. The award
came with $100,000 for the first program to beat a
reigning world chess champion. The trustee for the
prize was Carnegie Mellon University and the fund
was administered by Hans Berliner.

Terry Fredrick is a computer programmer. He was

affiliated with Applied Concepts in the early
1980s. While there, he modified and enhanced the
Sargon chess program. He also developed the
software for a robot chess player and a chess game
for the Apple II. He was a team member of the
Boris Experimental in 1981.

Peter Frey is a computer scientist. He is editor of

and contributor to Chess Skill in Man and
Machine. In 1978, he wrote Chess 0.5 in Pascal.

Dirk Frickenschmidt is a computer chess expert

and one of the founders of the Computer Chess
Club (CCC).

Frederic Friedel, along with Matthias

Wullenweber, wrote the first ChessBase database
in 1986. In 1983, he was the publisher and editor
of Computerschach und Spiele.

Dr. Matteo Frigo is an Italian computer scientist

and programmer. He was a member of the teams in
developing Star Socrates and Cilkchess computer
chess programs.

Roger Frye is an American mathematician and

computer scientist. In 1993, he was on the team
that helped design the StarTech chess project and
got it running on the CM-5 Connection Machine.

Lawrence Futrell is an American computer

scientist. In 1973, he wrote the chess program Ga
Tech CP. It ran on a Burroughs B-5500.

Jean-Christophe Gabillard is a French computer

scientist. In 1997, he authored the UCI-compatible
chess engine Nejmet.

Thomas Gaksch is a German software developer

and chess programmer. In 1987, he authored the
chess program Hypra-Chess, written in 6510
assembly language. In 2004, he authored Toga,
ising the Frut 2.0 source code.

Dr. Otto Garms is a German mathematician. In

2009, he authored the commercial chess engine
Onno, written in C++.

Peter Garscha is a mathematician and computer

scientist. In 2015, he authored the UCI-compliant
experimental source chess engine Madlenka.

Scott Gasch is an American computer scientist. In

2000, he authored Monsoon, written in C. He
followed it up with Typhoon, a multithreaded
successor.

Laszlo Gaspar is a Hungarian software engineer

and chess programmer. In 2007, he wrote Timea, a
private UCI-compliant chess engine, written in
Java. He also authored the chess engine Nimrod,
written in Java.

Reinhold Gellner is a former computer chess

programmer. In 1989, he co-authored the chess
program Nightmare, written in C.

Stefano Gemma is an Italian computer chess

programmer. He is the author of chess programs
Drago, Raffaela, Freddia, Satana, and Sabrina.

Matthias Gemuh is a German former computer

chess programmer. He is the author of the chess
engines BigLion, Taktix, and ArcBishop. He is the
author of the graphical chess user interface
ChessGUI. He is the author of FindDraw, to detect
draws in PGN files.

Pascal Georges is a French software developer. In

2006, he started working on Shane’s Chess
Information Database (SCID). He added UCI,
FICS, and Novag Citrine support, docking modes,
training features, and ported SCIT to the Pocket
PC.
Mincho Georgiev is a Bulgarian computer chess
programmer. In 2009, he authored the UCI-
compatible open source chess engine Pawny,
written in C.

George Georgopoulos is a Greek electrical

engineer. In 2012, he authored the open source
chess engine NG-play.

Evert Giebbeek is a Dutch astrophysicist. He is the

author of the open source chess engines Jazz,
Sjaak, and Leonidas.

Salvatore Giannotti is an Italian computer scientist.

In 2014, he authored the WinBoard compliant
chess engine Gogobello, written in C.

Martin Giepmans ( -2009) was a Dutch computer

chess programmer. He was the author of the chess
engines SpiderChess and Anatoli, both written in
Delphi.

Markus Gille is a German chess programmer. In

1994, he co-authored the chess program Dark
Thought. It was a brute-force program that ran on a
DEC 3000-600, looking at 60,000 nodes per
second. It had an opening book containing 250,000
positions.

Peter Gillgasch is a Germancompuer scientist,

software developer, and former computer chess
programmer. In 1992, he developed the Pascal
predecessor of a computer chess program that later
evolved to Dark Thought.

Dr. James Gillogly was a computer scientist at the

RAND Corporation. In 1969, he wrote a chess
program in standard FORTRAN IV which utilized
a standard alpha-beta lookahead search of selected
portions of the move tree. The program played
several complete games of chess. In 1970, Gillogy
wrote TECH (Technology Chess Program), a chess
program, was written in BLISS. Hans Berliner
helped in developing positional analysis
(evaluation). It was based on a brute force search
of the move tree with no forward pruning. Tech
was the first program that used its opponent’s
thinking time to its own advantage. While its
opponent was computing a move, TECH would
predict what it would be and then proceed to
calculate a reply based on the prediction. Its
predictions were correct about 20% of the time.

Alick F. Glennie (1925-2003) was the first person

to beat a computer program at chess. He defeated
Alan Turing’s chess program, TurboChamp, in
1952 in Manchester, England. Glennie wrote the
first real compiler (autocode) for a computer in
1952. It translated symbolic statements into
machine language for the Manchester Mark I
computer. Autocoding later came to be a generic
term for assembly programming. Glennie did
computational work for the British atomic bomb.

Fabio Gobbato is an Italian computer chess

programmer. In 2013, he authored Pedone, a UCI-
compliant chess engine, written in C.

Dr. Fernand Gobet is a Swiss psychologist. In

1993, he co-wrote the pattern learning chess
program CHUMP. He is the principal investigator
of CHREST (Chunk Hierarchy and Retrieval
Structures).

Dr. Gordon Goetsch is an American

mathematician, computer scientist, and software
analyst and developer. He was a member of the
Hitech team and wrote most of the system software
that makes possible interfacing with the special
purpose hardware.

Israel Gold is an Israeli computer scientist. In

1973, he co-wrote Peasant, a pawn endgame chess
program.

Bart Goldhoom is a Dutch computer chess

programmer. In 1992, he wrote Goldbar, a private
chess program in Pascal.

Michael Gondran is a French mathematician and

physicist. In 1995, he co-authored the parallel
chess program Frenchess which ran on a Cary
T3D.

Jack Good (1916-2009) was a British statistician

and computer pioneer. He published several papers
related to computer chess. In 1968, he authored
Five-Year Plan for Automatic Chess, a paper on
how to improve chess computers.

David Goodrich is an American information

technology consultant. In 1976, he was tasked to
design and develop a computer program for a
computerize chess game. In 1977, he helped
release CompuChess, which ran on a Fairchild F8
8-bit processor, and manufactured by Data Cash
Systems.

Frans van Gool is a Dutch mathematician and

computer scientist. He was the author of the chess
program Lammee, and the co-author of the chess
program Ares.

Keith Gorlen is an American computer scientist

and biomedical engineer. While a student at
Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, he,
along with Larry Atkin, wrote a chess program
called CHESS 1.0 in 1968. It ran on a CDC 6400
mainframe.

Cock de Gorter is a Dutch computer chess expert.

He is a former chairman of the Dutch Computer
Chess Federation (CSVN). He was the primary
initiator and organizer of the Aegon Man-Machine
chess tournaments.

Bill Gosper is an American mathematician and

computer scientist. In the late 1960s, he was part of
the MIT team that workedon Mac Hack VI.

Albert Gower, along with Robert Hyatt and Harry

Nelson, developed BLITZ in 1977 and CRAY
BLITZ at the University of Southern Mississippi in
1980.

Dr. Thore Graepel is a German physicist and

computer scientist. He was involved in the
AlphaZero project mastering the game of chess.

Henrik Gram is a Danish computer scientist. He

was the founding member of the Board of
Directors of the Free Internet Chess Server (FICS).
In 1995, he was a key developer of FIPS. He is the
initial author of icsDrone, an interface between an
Internet Chess Server (ICS) and a chess engine
supporting the XBoard/WinBoard protocol.

Richard D. Greenblatt (1945- ) is an American

computer programmer. In late 1966, as an MIT
undergraduate, he, along with Donald Eastlake at
MIT and Stephen Crocker, began to develop a
computer chess program of his own. Technical
advice in the programming was given by Larry
Kaufman (1947- ), Alan Baisley, and Robert A.
Wagner. Greenblatt had been challenged by Hubert
Dreyfus, who criticized the usefulness of Artificial
Intelligence and was an anti-computer opponent,
that computers would not be able to play chess or
be good enough to beat a ten-year-old. An early
version was up and running by the end of 1966.
MIT was using a computer time-sharing grand
called Project MAC (Multiple Access Computing).
Greenblatt’s program ran on a PDP 6. He called his
creation MAC HACK 6 and programmed it in
assembly language. His program was able to beat
Greenblatt’s critic, Hubert Dreyfus, which
checkmated him in the middle of the board. In
1967, It was the first computer chess program to
play in chess tournaments with human players.
Greenblatt was offered an MIT degree if he would
write a thesis about his chess program, but he
never got around to writing a thesis. Greenblatt
was the main designer of the MIT Lisp machine. In
1980, Greenblatt founded LMI (Lisp Machines,
Inc) to market Lisp machines.
Alon Greenfeld is an Israeli grandmaster.
Beginning in 208, he was the opening book author
of the Junior chess program.

Thorsten Greiner is a German computer scientist

and computer chess programmer. In 1993, he wrote
Amy, an open source chess program, written in C.

Marco Grella is an Italian chess programmer. In

2001, he wrote Rinko, a chess engine written in C.

David Grenewetzki is a software and game

developer. In 1991, he was member of the
programming team of the Chessmaster 3000 ches
sprogram by Software Toolworks. In 1993, he did
additional programming for the Chessmaster 4000
Turbo.

Edward de Grijs is a Dutch software engineer and

developer. In 1991, he wrote Explorer, a chess
playing entity. He later came up with a new chess
special purpose hardware controlled by a 386SX
PC, searching 350,000 nodes per second.

Neels Groenewald is a South African electrical

engineer and computer chess programmer. In 2008,
he wrote NagaSkaki, a chess engine
communication protocol compatible chess engine.

Goran Grottling is a Swedish journalist. In 1994,

he started the Svenska schackdatorforeningen
(SSDF) rating list, run by the Swedish Chess
Computer Association.

Raphael Grundrich is a French computer scientist.

In 2003, he was the co-author of Cassandre open
source chess engine.

Dr. Andrew Gruss is an American electrical

engineer. In the late 1980s, he was member of the
Hitech team at Carnegie-Mellon University. He
was responsible for the hardware.
Erdogan Gunes is a Turkish-German computer
expert and book author. He has supported chess
programs such as Rondo, Fridolin, Deep Sjeng,
Hiarcs, Goliath, Hydra, Zappa, Falcon, and
Komodo.

Dr. Arthur Guez is a Canadian computer scientist.

He was involved in the AlphaZero project, a chess
entity by Google DeepMind. In December 2017, a
100-game match versus Stockfish 8 using 64
threads and a transposition table size of 1 GB, was
won by AlphaZero using a single machine with 4
Tensor processing units. AlphaZero scored 28
wins, 72 draws, and no losses.

Tony Guiffoyle is a British computer scientist. In

1986, he co-authored with Richard Hooker
Vaxchess, a chess program running on a
MicroVAX II minicomputer.

Gabriel Guillory is a French software developer.

He wrote the chess engines Castellar and Arion. He
is the author of the PGN command tool
PgnScanner, which can be used to create opening
books.

Dr. Dmitri Gusev is computer scientist. In 2013, he

co-authored Firenzina, a UCI-compliant open
source chess engine.

Scott Haag is an American games programmer. He

wrote the free computer chess program Shaag
Chess. He is the author of the PGN Viewers
ChessviewX Complete and Chess3D.

Sarha Hahn is an American English teacher. She

supported the chess program Blondie25, an
evolutionary chess program originally written by
avid Fogel and Timothy Hayes.

Adam Hair is an American computer chess

aficionado. He helped test the chess engine
Gaviota. He is a member of the group that
publishes the Computer Chess Rating List
(CCRL).

Dr. Michael Halbherr is a Swiss computer scientist.

In 1994, while at MIT, he worked on the chess
program Cilf. He also contributed to the Socrates
chess engine.

Eric Hallsworth is a British computer chess expert.

In 1985, he began editing and producing Selective
Search, a computer chess periodical. He is an
opening book author and test member of the Hiarcs
team.

John Hamlen is a computer chess and games

programmer. In 1989 he wrote Woodpusher, which
is a chess program less than 64K of conventional
design.

Sam Hamilton is an American computer scientist.

He is the author of the chess engine
LearningLemming, and the co-author of the chess
engine Hannibal.

Bas Hamstra is a Dutch software developer. In

2001, he wrote Tao, a WinBoard and UCI-
compatible chess engine. He was the first author of
Bookbuilder, a commercial chess program for
analyzing chess opening positions and to build
engine opening books.

Lasse Hansen is a Norwegian computer chess

programmer. He is the author of the chess engine
Sillycon.

Ron Hansen is an American computer scientist and

early computer chess programmer. In 1974, he was
a co-author of Ribbit, a chess program written in
Fortran that ran on a Honeywell 66/60 36-bit
mainframe. In 1975, he was a co-author of
Treefrog, a successor to Ribbit.

Suryadi Harmanto is an Indonesia computer

scientist. In 1996, he led the development of
Gunda-1, a Crafty chess engine clone.
Gunnar Harms is a Dutch computer scientist,
software developer, and computer chess
programmer. In 2008, he wrote Bobcat, an open
source chess engine.

Jessica Harmsen is a Dutch chess GUI and chess

database developer. In 1995, she created the chess
database fo Chessica. She also developed the chess
database for Chessmaster 6000 and Chessmaster
7000.

Larry Harris is an American computer scientist.

He, along with Warren Montgomery, wrote a chess
program called DARTMOUTH CP in 1973. In
1974, he led the development of Dart, a chess
program developed at Dartmouth College. It was
written in GCOS assembly language for the GE-
635 Dartmouth Time Sharing System.

Dr. Dap Hartmann is a Dutch astronomer. In 1981,

he and Peter Kouwenhoven wrote Dappet, a chess
engine that competed in all 18 Dutch Open
computer chess championships from 1981 to
1998.

Roman Hartmann is a Swiss computer chess

programmer. In 2003 he wrote ROCE (roman’s
Own Chess Engine), written in C.

Dr. Dennis Hassabis is a British computer scientist.

He is the CEO of DeepMind, a British artificial
intelligence company, which he founded in 2010.
DeepMind was acquired by Google in 2014.

Timo Haupt is a German computer scientist. He is

a computer chess aficionado, computer chess
journalist, and computer chess tester.

Dirk Hauschildt is a German computer scientist. In

1979, he helped develop the chess programs
Murks. In 1983, he helped develop the
MicroMurks for the 6800 microcomputer.
Johan Havegheer is a Belgian computer chess
aficionado. He was an early WinBoard promoter
and tester of various chess programs, such as ant
and Ruffian. He writes articles for
Computerschaak. He is a member of the Chess
Engines Grand Tournament (CEGT) rating list
team. He helped in translating the Arena GUI for
Windows.

Guy Haworth is a British computer scientist. He

used retrograde analysis to create endgame
tablebases. He served as Vice-President of the
International Computer Games Association
(ICGA) from 2002 until 2005.

Manfred Hegener is a German management

engineer. In 1969, he co-founded Hegener &
Glaser with Florian Glaser. In 1980, they were
producing the Mephisto trademark chess
computers. In 1996, he helped create the
Millennium 2000 GambH company, which
produces dedicated chess computers.

Raimund Heid is a German computer scientist and

software developer. In 2000, he wrote Protector, a
UCI-compliant open source chess engine.

Dr. Ernest Heinz is a German computer scientist.

In 1993, he co-founded a computer chess group
and started to write the DarkThought chess
program.

Dan Heisman is a chess journalist and columnist.

In 1996 and 1997, he work on the Deep Blue
team.

Luca Hemmerich is a German computer chess

programmer. In 2010, he developed ChessMind, a
UCI-compliant chess engine.

David Hendricks is an American programmer. In

1992, he was the primary author of the early DOS
chess program EdChess.
Elmer Henne is a German computer scientist and
former chess programmer. In 1979, he was co-
author of Parwell, a chess program which
performed a distributed search on a 128-processor
8080 Siemens SMS 201 computer. He, along with
Thomas Nietsche, programmed THE BRIKETT,
the first German chess computer on the market in
1980. In 1980, his programs were added to the
Mephisto dedicated chess computers.

Jaap van den Herik is a Dutch computer scientist.

In 1980, he was a co-founder of the CSVN, the
Dutch Computer Chess Association. From 1983 to
2015, he was Editor-in-Chief of the ICGA Journal.
He is the co-author of the chess engines Pion,
Dutch, and Much.

Andreas Hermann is a German software developer

and computer chess programmer. He is the author
of the chess programs ChessFiz, Holmes, and
BlackBishop.

Mark Hersey is an American computer scientist. In

1983, while at the University of Michigan, he was
a co-author of CHAOS, written in Fortran that
needed over 3 million words of memory to
execute.

Folkert van Heusden is a Dutch software engineer.

He is the author of the experimental chess engines
Pos and DeepBrutePos, both written in Java. In
2105, he wrote the UCI-compliant chess engine
Embla.

Dr. Kai Himstedt is a German computer scientist.

He is a co-author of GridChess and Cluster Toga,
cluster chess programs based on the open source
chess programs Fruit and Toga.

Marty Hirsch is an American applied

mathematician and computer chess programmer.
He is the author of AI Chess and the commercial
chess program MChess.
Lars Hjoerth is a Swedish former computer chess
programmer. He is the co-author of the chess
programs Plymate and Y! He also worked on the
Conchess program. Plymate was commercially
marketed as a cartridge for the Conchess
computers.

Joseph Hoane is an American software engineer. In

1990, he joined the Deep Thought team and was
the principal software engineer for the Deep Blue
project. His primary focus was the parallel search
algorithm.

Filip Hoefer is a Czech software engineer. He is

author of the Windows chess programs Chess 2012
and Chess 2013. They came in 32-bit and 64-bit
editions.

Michael Hoffman is a German computer scientist

and computer chess programmer. In 2011, he wrote
a UCI-compatible chess engine Nemo, written in
C.

John (Jack) Holloway is an American computer

scientist. In the late 1970s, he was involved in
developing CHEOPS (Chess-oriented Processing
System).

Dr. Daniel Homan is an American physicist. In

1998, he wrote the chess engine EXchess.

Dan Honeycutt is an American computer scientist

and chess programmer. In the early 1970s, he
wrote a little chess program in Basic. In 2004, he
wrote Bruja, a chess engine written in C++. In
2005, he wrote Simon in C++. In 2012, he wote a
Java open source chess engine Cupcake.

Richard Hooker is a British computer scientist and

games programmer. In 1986, he co-authored
Vaxchess that ran on a MicroVAX II
minicomputer. It was written in C and assembly
language, and searched about 1,000 nodes a
second.
Helmut Horacek is an Austrian computer scientist.
In 1979, he was a co-author of the chess program
Merlin. The program was initially based on Chess
0.5 by Larry Atkin and Peter Frey.

David Horne is a British former chess programmer.

In 1982, developed the 1K ZX Chess, which used
only 672 bytes of RAM for the Sinclair ZX81. It
was commercially used by Artic Computing. In
1983, he developed Chess Tutor for the ZX
Spectrum. It teaches a beginner how to move the
pieces.

Gyula Horvath is a Hungarian electrical engineer

and chess programmer. In 1985, he started chess
programming on a Commodore 64. In 1987, he
was doing chess programming on an IBM PC. He
is the primary author of the chess programs Pandix
and Brainstorm. He is the author of the chess
program for the dedicated CGX Sphinx H8 series.

Peter Horvath is a Hungarian software developer

and computer chess programmer. In 1991, he wrote
the chess program Robin for MS-DOS. In 2002, he
wrote the UCI compliant chess engine Asterisk. In
2009, he wrote the chess engine Hussar.

Robert Houdart is a Belgian computer scientist and

software developer. In 2010, he authored the strong
computer chess engine Houdini.

Feng-hsiung Hsu at Carnegie-Mellon University,

along with Thomas Anantharaman and Murray
Campbell, developed ChipTest. It was the
predecessor of Deep Thought, which evolved into
Deep Blue. ChipTest was based on a special VLSI-
technology move generator chip, controlled by a
Sun-3/160 workstation. It was capable of searching
50,000 moves per second. He used the same
architecture in Deep Thought and Deep Blue.

Rudolf Huber is a German computer scientist. In

1993, he wrote the chess program SOS. He later
wrote its parallel version, ParSOS. In 2000, along
wht Stefan Meyer-Kahle, he designed and created
the User Chess Interface (UCI) protocol. It has
almost replaced the older Chess Engine
Communication Protocol (XBoard and
WinBoard).

Barbara Huberman Liskov is an American

mathematician and computer scientist. In 1968, she
was the first woman in the United States to be
awarded a Ph.D. in computer science, from
Stanford University. The topic of her dissertation
was a computer program to play chess endgames.

Thomas Hubert is a French computer scientist. He

is involved in the AlphZero project that mastered
the game of chess.

Shane Hudson is a New Zealand computer

scientist. In 1999, he wrote the chess database
program called SCID (Shane’s Chess Information
Database). He is also the author of Scidlet, a chess
engine that comes with SCID.

Roger Huenen is a Dutch computer scientist and

computer chess programmer. He is the co-author of
the chess programs Pion (starting in 1979), Dutch
(started in 1986), and Much (started in 1989)

Dr. Marc-Philippe Huget is a computer scientist. In

1997, he wrote the WinBoard-compliant chess
engine La Dame Blanche.

John Huisman is a Dutch computer scientist. In the

early 1980s, he was a co-author of the chess
program Pion.

Mark Hummel is an Australian software developer

and computer chess programmer. In 1998, he wrote
the chess engine HexxPawn.

Hagen Huwig is a German mathematician and

computer scientist. In 1973, he wrote Proscha, a
mainframe chess program written in PL/I for the
IBM 370.

Nguyen Viet Huy is a Vietnamese software

developer and computer chess programmer. In
2009, he wrote Dolphin, a WinBoard-compliant
open source chess program, written in C#.

Dr. Robert Hyatt is an American computer scientist

and chess programmer. In 1980, he, along with
Albert Gower and Harry Nelson, developed CRAY
BLITZ at the University of Southern Mississippi.
In 1996, he wrote Crafty, a portable open source
chess engine.

Alessandro Iavicoli is an Italian computer scientist.

In 2012, he wrote AdaChess, written in Ada.

Dr. Huib-Jan Imbens is a Dutch physicist,

mathematician, and computer scientist. He worked
on the chess programs Genesis 2 and Petunia in
1992 and 1993.

Werner Inmann is an Austrian software developer.

In 1997, he wrote ImmiChess.

Nicu Ionita is an Austrian computer scientist and

chess programmer. He is the author of the UCI-
compliant chess engines Abulafia and Barbarossa.
He also wrote chessNet to connect chess engines to
a UCI-compatible GUI via TCP/IP.

Yakup Ipek is a Turkish software developer. In

2004, he wrote the WinBoard-compliant open
source chess engine the Turk, written in C#.

Giuliano Ippolito is an Italian computer scientist.

In 2007, he wrote the chess engine GiuChess. He
also wrote the Perl module Chess-Pay to play chess
games, calculate legal moves, and use a search
algorithm.

Dr. Azlan Iqbal is a Malaysian computer scientist.

He developed a computational chess aesthetics
model and incorporated it into a computer program
called Chesthetica that can be used to
automatically evaluate the beauty of thousands of
three-move chess problems in a way that correlates
well with human assessment.

Gerd Isenburg is a German computer scientist. He

is the author of the chess programs IsiChess
(written in 1994) and HansDamf.

Andrew Iverson is an American computer games

developer. In 1991, he was a member of the
programming team of the Chessmaster 3000
program while at Software Toolworks. In 1999, he
was responsible for the Chessmaster II port for the
PlayStation, published by Mindscape.

Miguel Izquierdo is a Spanish computer chess

programmer. In 2005, he wrote the WinBoard-
compatible chess engine Popchin.

John Jacobs was a chess consultant with Applied

Concepts and was a book author of their dedicated
chess computers, such as the Great Game Machine.
In 1980, he was a team member of the Boris
Experimental dedicated chess computer.

Siegfried Jahn is a German computer scientist. In

1974, he co-authored the chess program Daja,
which later evolved to the chess program Elsa.

Balazs Jako is a Hungarian software engineer. In

2004, he wrote the chess engine Merlin.

Steffan Jakob is a German computer scientist. In

1988, he wrote the chess engine Hossa. He also
wrote the chess engine Brause, a Crafty clone.

Peter Jansen is a Belgian computer scientist. In

1985, while a student at Carnegie-Mellon
University, he was a member of the Deep Thought
program. He wrote CHUMP (Chunking of Moves
and Patterns), a pattern learning chess application
based on a model of human memory.
Claude Jarry is a Canadian computer scientist. In
1976, he wrote a chess program called
L'EXCENTRIQUE, which ran on an Amdahl
mainframe computer.

Antonia Jeanrenaud (1945-2014) was and Italian

computer scientist. In 2006, she wrote the chess
engine EtaBeta, written in Visual Basic.

Colin Jenkins is a British software developer. In

2014, he wrote Lozza, a JavaScript open source
chess engine.

Olaf Jenkner is a German mathematician and

programmer. In 1990, he wrote Gustav, an
orthodox chess problem solving program for the
MS-DOS operating system.

Peter R. Jennings of Toronto is a Canadian

physicist and computer chess programmer. He
wrote a program called MICROCHESS for the
MOS Technology KIM-1 6502 microprocessor in
1976. It was the first game program sold and
shipped for home computers. It used 1100 bytes of
RAM. It had 3 levels of play, requiring 3, 10, or
100 seconds. The program sold for $10. In 1977,
he ported it to 8080/Z80-based microcomputers,
such as the TRS-80. In 198, he created the chess
programs for the Commodore ChessMate. In 1979,
he created the chess programs for the Novag Chess
Champion MK II.

Eric Jensen is an American computer scientist. In

1974, as a graduate student at Duke University, he
was a co-author of the chess program Duchess.

Christopher Joerg is an American computer

scientist and programmer. He is the co-author of
the chess programs Socrates and Cilkchess.

J. Howard Johnson is a Canadian computer

scientist. In 1981, he co-authored along with
Jonathan Schaeffer the chess program Prodigy,
written in C.
Mike Johnson is a British computer chess
programmer. In 1978, he wrote a chess program
called MIKE for a Motorola 6800 8-bit CPU. In
1978, it won the 1st Personal Computer World
(PCW) championship, held in London. In 1980,
along with Dave Wilson, he developed the chess
program ADVANCE 1.0 using bit slice
technology.

Werner Joho is a Swiss physicist. In 1967, he was

a co-developer of Charly, a chess program for a
CDC 1604.

Christophe Jolly is a French chess programmer. He

is the author of the chess engines BB and
KnightX.

William (Bill) Johnson is an Australian computer

chess programmer. He is the author of the chess
engines Bills Bare Bones Chess and Awesome
(written in 2001).

Daniel Jose-Queralto is and Andorran computer

scientist. In 2013, he wrote the UCI-compliant
chess engine Andscacs.

Dr. Johan Joss is a Swiss mathematician. He

started computer chess programming in 1967 on a
CDC 1604 A. In 1974, he wrote a chess program
called TELL. It won the first German computer
chess tournament, held in Dortmund in 1975.

Dr. Andreas Junghanns is a German computer

scientist. In 1996, along with Yngvi Bjornsson, he
authored the experimental chess program, The
Turk.

Jan Kaan is a Dutch physicist and computer chess

programmer. In 2000, he wrote the opening book
for the Yace chess engine. In 2001, he wrote the
gambit chess program Djenghis.

Dr. Andrew Kadatch is a computer scientist and

senior staff software engineer. He collaborated
with Eugene Nalimov and provided the
compression algorithm for the 6-man Nalimov
Tablebases.

Marcus Kastner is a German computer chess expert

and computer chess journalist. In 1999, he began
publishing and editing the German computer chess
magazine ChessBits.

Dr. Hermann Kaindl is an Austrian computer

scientist. In 1979, he was the co-author of the chess
program Merlin. He is an expert on tree-searching
methods and wrote a paper on quiescence search in
computer chess.

Dr. Charles Kalme (1939-2002) was a Latvian

American electrical engineer and mathematician.
In 1972, while at the University of Southern
California, he was a team member and chess
advisor of the USC CP computer program.

Radoslaw Kamowski is a Polish software

developer. In 2002, he wrote the free Winboard
open source chess engine Belzebub, written in
Java. It is available for the PC and mobile phone.

Pradyumma (Pradu) Kannan is an aerospace

engineer living in Arizona. In 2004, he wrote the
chess engine Witz. In 2006, he wrote the chess
engine Buzz. In 2007, he co-authored the
WinBoard-compliant chess engine Dirty, the
primary developer of the core engine structures and
the search algorithm. He is the author of the paper,
“Magic Move-Bitboard Generation in Computer
Chess.”

Julio Kaplan (1950- ) is a computer scientist and

chess programmer. He is the founder and CEO of
Heuristic Software. In 1981, he wrote chess
programs for SciSys/Saitek’s dedicated chess
computers. He is the author or Superstar and
Turbostar. He was later involved in the chess
engines Socrates and Kasparov’s Gambit.
Peter Kappler is a chess master and an American
computer chess programmer. In 2003, he wrote
Grok, a private chess engine written in Java. He is
a former Google executive. In 2013, he was a
consultant on the film Computer Chess.

Lars Karlsson is a Swedish electrical engineer and

computer scientist. In 1977, he wrote Rook, a chess
program written in Z80 assembly language. It was
written for the card computer Data Board 4680,
produced by Karlsson’s company, Dataindustrier
AB.

Thoralf Karlsson is a Swedish computer chess

expert and computer chess journalist. From 1984 to
2013 he was chairman of Svenska
schackdatorforeningen (SSDF), the Swedish Chess
Computer Association. In 1981, he was the editor
of PLY Magazine.

François Karr is a French games developer and

computer chess programmer. He Is the co-author
of BugChess in 2007 and the free Winboard
engine, BugChess2, in 2011.

Juha Kasanen (1944-1988) was a Finnish chess

player and computer scientist. In 1983, he was a
co-author, along with Mika Korhonen and Timo
Saari. of Shy, a mainframe chess program. It ran
on a Burroughs B7800/B7900. In 1983, at the 4th
World Computer Chess Championship in New
York, Shy took 21st out of 22 programs, scoring
1.5 out of 5.

Larry Kaufman (1947- ) is a computer chess

programmer. In 1965, he was the author of the
opening book for Mac Hack VI. Since 2010, he has
been associated with the Komodo chess engine.

Clemens Keck is a German computer chess

aficionado. He is the opening book author of the
chess engine Loop and of Cluster Toga. In 2014,
he organized the Playchess All Engine Rapid
Masters tournament.

Heinz van Kempen (1955- ) is a co-founder and

host of Chess Engines Grand Tournament (CEGT),
a chess engine rating list site. CEGT testing began
in 2005.

Rod Kemper is a Dutch programmer. In 1993,

along with Ed Schroeder, he helped develop the
Rebel chess engine. He was responsible for
Rebel’s GUI for the MS-DOS operating systems
on PCs.

Ian Kennedy is a British computer programmer. In

1993, he wrote the chess program Psycho.

Peter Kent is a British computer scientist and

programmer. In 1969, he started work on Alex
Bell’s chess program. In 1973, he was a co-author
of the chess playing program Master (Minimax
algorithm Tester).

Rex Kent, along with David Lindsey, wrote a chess

program called BORIS in 1978.

engines TSCP (Tom’s Simple Chess Program) ,

Stobor, and tChess. In 1997, he wrote TSCP as a
small, open-source chess engine, designed to teach
people how chess engines work. It was written in
2,258 lines of C code.

Marcel van Kervinck is a Dutch software engineer.

He is the author of the chess engines Rookie,
MCSP, and Floyd. He is the author of the online
opening database Bookie. He also wrote pfkpk, a
pretty fast KPK endgame table generator.

Louis Kessler is a former computer chess

programmer who lives in Winnipeg, Manitoba. In
1975, he wrote the chess program Brute Force,
which participated in the 8th and 9th North
American Computer Chess Championships in 1977
and 1978). He has a web site (Louis Kessler’s
Chess and Computer Chess Links) with lots of
computer chess links.

Abdul Mateen Khan is a computer scientist for the

UAE. In 2008, he was the lead programmer of
Hydra. He is the author of the chess engines
Cryptic and Shark. Cryptic runs on modern high
speed multi-processor CPU. It is programmed in
mixed C and Assembly Language. It is aimed to be
the world's top single machine Chess Engine.
Shark is network based deep search meta engine. It
is based on the idea by which it reaches to depth of
25+ easily with the help of only 6 CPUs in less
than a minute. Currently a dual core CPU takes
more than an hour to reach to this depth.

Niyaz Khasanov is a Russian chess programmer. In

2000, he wrote the first Russian WinBoard chess
engine, Ufim. It is now WinBoard and UCI-
compliant, rated around 2500.

Joona Kiiski is a Finnish software developer. In

2009, he wrote Smaug, a chess engine that was a
slight modification of Glauring 2.2 by Tord
Romstad. He was part of the team that developed
Stockfish, which also included Tod Romstad,
Marco Costalba, and Gary Linscott.

Kenneth L. King is an American electrical

engineer. In 1970, he developed a chess program to
run on a stand-alone CAD platform IDIIOM (IDI
Input-Output Machine).

Tom King is a British computer scientist. In 1995,

he authored the computer chess program
Francesca, written in C. In 2000, King renamed it
to Francesca MAD (Manic, Aggressive, Dynamic).
It is no longer in active development.

Dr. David Kirkby is a British medical physicist and

author of various open source projects. In 2006, he
started the ChessDB project, a chess database and
GUI based on SCID (Shane’s Chess Information
Database).
Dr. James M. Kister is a retired American
mathematician. In 1956, he co-authored a chess
program for the MANIAC I computer at Los
Alamos, New Mexico. The Los Alamos program
was the first design of a program for a computer to
play chess. The other co-authors included Paul
Stein, Stan Ulam, William Walden, and Mark
Wells. The game was played on a simplified 6x6
board and examined all possible moves two levels
deep at the rate of 12 moves per minute.

In May 1978, David Kittinger began work on his

computer chess program called MyChess after
getting a copy of Microchess and decided to write
his own chess program with better speed. In 1981,
he wrote the chess program SAVANT. In 1985, he
wrote the chess engine for Chessmaster 2000.

Dr. Eberhard Klein is a German mathematician and

computer scientist. In 1972, he co-authored Samiel,
a mainframe chess program, which ran on an IBM
370/168.

Marek Klonowski is a Polish computer chess

programmer. In 2003, he wrote Excelsior, a
WinBoard-compliant chess engine, initially written
in Delphi. The program requires the .NET
framework.

Stefan Knappe is a German computer chess

programmer. In 1996, he wrote the private chess
engine Matador, first written in Visual Basic, then
updated to Matador II, written in C.

Werner Koch is a German chess programmer. In

1990, along with Thomas Schaefer, he co-wrote
the chess program Patzer.

Andrew Koenig (1952- ) is an American computer

scientist. In 1970, while affiliated with Columbia
University, he co-authored the chess program
CCCP, which ran on an IBM 360/91. The other
authors included Steven Bellovin, Aron Eisenpress,
and Benjamin Yalow.
Dr. Fritz Koenigshofer is an Austrian-American
computer scientist and early computer chess
programmer. In 1974, he co-authored Frantz, a
mainframe chess program that ran on a UNIVAC
494.

Thorsten Kohfeldt is a German computer chess

programmer. In 1993, he co-authored
Experimental, a chess program written in C for
MS-DOS.

Urban Koistinen is a Swedish mathematician and

computer scientist. In 1997, he became editor of
the Swedish PLY computer chess magazine. He
found a better way of computing endgame
databases with a new indexing scheme and a new
way to computer minimax in parallel on a standard
computer.

Janne I. Kokkala is a Finnish physicist and

computer scientist. In 2013, he wrote the Winboard
chess engine JikChess, written in C++.

Marek Kolacz is a Polish chess programmer. In

2001, he wrote the free Winboard enginer Butcher,
written in C. Executables are available for MS-
DOS, Windows, and Linux.

Thomas Kolarik is an American system analyst. In

2010, he wrote Nirvanachess, a free UCI-
compliant chess engine written in C++.

Dr. Munjong Kolss is a German biologist and

computer chess programmer. In 1997, along with
his brother Muntsin Kolss, he wrote Ikarus, a chess
engine written in Delphi. In 1998, it played in the
9th World Computer Chess Championship, held in
Paderdorn, Germany, and took 26tg place with 2
points from 7 games. In 2006, Ikarus won the
World Computer Speed Chess Championship, held
in Turin.

Dr. John Kominek is an American computer

scientist. In 2002, he wrote the chess program
Sharky.

Johan de Koning (1964- ) is a Dutch computer

chess and games programmer. In 1987, he wrote
The King, a chess program written in C. He ported
his program to an ARM2 RISC-processor, which
was sold as a bundled chess program for the
ChessMachine. His chess engine later became the
chess engine for the Chessmaster 4000. He is a
TASC engine programmer.

Danny Kopec (1954-2017) was an American

International Master. He is one of the world’s
foremost authorities on artificial intelligence and
its application to chess. He held a Ph.D. in
Machine Intelligence and was an Associate
Professor in the Department of Computer and
Information Systems at Brooklyn College. Kopec,
along with Ivan Bratko, developed the Bratko-
Kopec Test, the standard test for chess computers.
In 1982, it was used to evaluate human or machine
ability based on the presence or absence of certain
knowledge.

Roman Korba is a German computer scientist. In

2002, he wrote Abrok, a Winboard and UCI-
compliant chess engine written in C/C++. The
latest version in Abrok 5.0.

Mika Korhonen (1958- ) is a Finnish programmer

and chess composer. He is the author of one of the
world’s first chess problem solving programs,
Mika’s Mate, for the Apple II. In 1983, he was a
co-author of Shy, a mainframe chess program
written in Algol. The other authors were Juha
Kasanen and Timo Saari.

Evgeniy Korniloff is a Russian computer scientist

and chess programmer. He is the author of
OBender (formerly Qchess), a free Winboard open
source chess engine written in C. It is the oldest
Russian WinBoard engine.
Igor Korshunov is a Belorussian chess
programmer. In 2000, he wrote WildCat, a
WinBoard and UCI-compliant chess engine,
written in C++. WildCat won the 1st Computer
Chess Championship of CIS Countries in 2008. In
2010, he wrote the open source chess engine
Murka.

Tim Kosse is a German computer scientist. In

2010, he wrote Octochess, a UCI-compliant open
source chess engine, written in C++.

Konstantin Kosteniuk is involved in designing an

industrial robot to play chess. He created The
Chess Terminator and CHESSka robots to play
chess. CHESSka was the first chess robot to beat
grandmasters in blitz chess.

Alan Kotok (1942-2006) was a freshman at MIT in

1959 when he started working a chess-playing
program while a student of Professor John
McCarthy. Kotak, along with Elwyn Berlekamp
(1940- ), Michael Lieberman, Charles Niessen, and
Robert A. Wagner, started with Bernstein’s
program, then added alpha-beta pruning to minmax
at McCarthy’s suggestion to improve the plausible
move generator. They wrote in Fortran, and a
single move could take five to twenty minutes to
complete. Their chess-playing program ran on an
IBM 7090 mainframe computer. Kotok went on to
become one of DEC’s leading computer designers
(chief architect of the PDP-10), and created the
first video game and the gaming joystick.

Dr. Peter Kouwenhoven (1959-2015) was a Dutch

computer scientist. In 1978, he wrote the chess
program Alder, which ran on a PDP-11/45. In
1981, along with Dap Hartmann, he co-authored
Dappet, a chess program written in Turbo Pascal
and Assembler.

Attila Kovács is a Hungarian computer chess

programmer. In 1985, he wrote Kempelen, a chess
program written for the 6502 and 68000 based
home computers like the Commodore 64 and Atari
ST. The program was commercialized by Sierra
Online in 1986.

E. Kozdrowski, along with D. Cooper, wrote a

chess program called COKO in 1971.

Pawel Koziol is a Polish chess programmer. He is

the author of the chess engines Hopeless and
CCCP. In 2008, he co-authored Glass, a UCI-
compliant chess engine. He is also the author of
Rodent, an open source chess engine, rated around
2900.

Dr. Hans-Joachim Kraas is a German computer

scientist and computer chess programmer. He is
the co-author, along with Guenther Schruefer, of
the chess program Bobby, Bobby II, and Doctor. In
1993, Bobby won the International Paderborn
Computer Chess Championship.

Jan Krabbenbos is a Dutch computer scientist and

software developer. From 2012 to 2014, he was the
chairman of the Dutch Computer Chess Federation
(CSVN).

Dr. Lawrence (Larry) Krakauer is an American

electrical engineer and computer scientist. During
the late 1960s, he contributed to the Mac Hack VI
chess program. In 1968, he developed the 2D
graphics board for the DEC 340 display used for
the main system console of the PDP-6. This was
the first GUI of a chess program.

Oliver Kraus is a German electronics engineer and

software developer. He created the Little Rook
Chess dedicated open source chess program,
written in C and developed to run on an Arduino
Uno single board hardware.

Thomas Kreitmair is a German electrical engineer

and former chess programmer. He co-authored,
along with Matthias Engelbach, Schach 3.0 in the
early 1990s, written in x86 assembly. In 1994,
Schach 3.0 won the International Paderborn
Computer Chess Championship.

Jonathan Kreuzer is an American computer

scientist and games programmer. In 2003, he wrote
Slow Chess, a WinBoard and UCI-compliant chess
engine.

Alexander Kronrod (1921-1986) was a Soviet

scientist. He developed a general recursive search
engine that was used in the Institute of Theoretical
and Experimental Physics (ITEP) chess program.
His ITEP chess program beat the Stanforc chess
program (Kotok-McCarthy program) After the
match, Konrod lost his directorship at ITEP and his
professorship because of complaints from the
physics users that ITEP resources were being
wasted on chess.

Kees de Kruif is a Dutch computer scientist. In

1976 he developed Killer, a chess program that ran
on a PDP-11.

Kiril Kryukov is a Russian computer scientist. He

maintains the Kirr’s Chess Engine Comparison
(KCEC) engine rating list and is the administrator
of the Russian KasparovChess computer chess
forum. He is a founding member of the CCRL
(Computer Chess Rating List) and the
administrator of the Endgame Tablebases
subforum at CCRL.

Hans Kuijf is a Dutch computer scientist and

computer games programmer. In the late 1980s, he
and his brother, Nico, developed NICBase, a chess
database program. It was originally designed for
the Atari ST, but soon ported to the IBM PC. In
1993, the two brothers developed TascBase chess
database.

Jan Kuipers wrote a chess program called TINY

CHESS 86 in 1979.

Adam Kujawski is a Polish computer scientist and

chess programmer. In 1994, he wrote Joanna, the
first Polish chess program. It is a free Winboard-
compatible engine.

Alexander Kure is an Austrian computer chess

programmer. In 2002, he supported Brutus, an
FPGA-based chess entity. He was the opening
book author of the chess program Hydra and the
commercial chess program Fritz.

Bradley C. Kuszmaul is an American computer

scientist and programmer. He is the co-author of
the chess programs StarTech and Socrates. The
StarTech massively parallel chess program,
running on a 512-processor Connection Machine
CM-5 supercomputer, tied for third place at the
1993 ACM International Computer Chess
Championship.

Henk Kuyer is a Dutch software developer and

chess programmer. He is the co-author of the chess
program Ziggy, and the author of the chess
program October.

Marek Kwiatkowski (1961- ) is a Polish chess

programmer and an International Master for FIDE
compositions. He is the author of Fancy, a
Windows GUI for Popeye and Stockfish.

Don Laabs is an American electrical engineer and

computer scientist. He was a developer at
Mindscape and Software Toolworks and was
involved in the creation of various Chessmaster
versions, Majestic Chess, and Disney’s Aladdin
Chess Adventures.

Marc Lacrosse (1961-2009) was a Belgian

radiologist. He was an opening book author for the
Fruit chess program, written by Fabian Letouzey.

Matthew Lai is a Canadian electrical engineer,

computer scientist, and chess programmer. He is
the primary author of the chess engine Brainless.
He also created an artificial intelligence machine
called Giraffe that taught itself to play chess by
evaluating positions more like humans and in an
entirely different way to conventional chess
engines.

Richard Lang (1955- ) is a British computer chess

programmer. He is the author of the chess
programs Cyrus (written in 1981 for an early
Sinclair computer), Psion (written in 1983), and
ChessGenius (first released in 1992).

Michel Langeveld is a Dutch computer chess

programmer. He is the author of the chess
programs Nullmover and TSCP Gothic. He also
helped in the development of Bookbuilder, a
commercial chess program for analyzing chess
opening positions and to build engine opening
books.

Ben-Hur Carlos Vieira Langoni, Jr. is a Brazilian

software engineer. He is the author of the UCI-
compliant source chess engine RedQueen, written
in C++.

James A. Lank is an American computer scientist

and chess programmer. In 1981, he, and Lloyd
Lank, co-authored the mainframe chess program
Cube, which ran on a Cray-1. The program was
written in Fortran IV.

Lloyd Lank co-wrote the chess program CUBE in

1981 with his brother, James.

Andrea Lanza is an Italian software developer. In

2005, he wrote Matilde, a free WinBoard-
compliant chess engine, written in Visual Basic
and later ported to C++.

Nicolas Lassabe (1979- ) is a French computer

scientist. In 2004, he co-authored Tempo, an
experimental chess engine.

Tor Lattimore is an Australian computer scientist.

In 2003, he wrote SEE, a WinBoard-compliant
chess engine written in C++. It is rated about
2300.

Mike Leany is an American programmer. He is the

author of the chess engines Knightmare, Zilch, and
Vapor Chess (for 64-bit versions of Linux and
Windows).

Kevin Leaville (1940-1994) was an American

electronics engineer. In 1984, he ported Sargon II
to the Intel 8086 to run on the IBM PC under MS-
DOS.

Lonny Lebahn is an American computer scientist.

In 1974, he co-authored Black Knight, a chess
program written in Fortran and ran on the
UNIVAC 1100 series of computers.

Mark Lefler is an American computer games and

chess programmer. In 1991, he wrote Now, a chess
program written in Pascal running on PCs with the
MS-DOS operating system. He is a member of the
Komodo team. In 2007, he founded the Chess
Programming Wiki.

Charles Leiserson is an American computer

scientist. He is the co-author of the parallel chess
programs StarTech, Star Socrates, and Cilkchess.

Fabian Letouzey is a French computer chess and

games programmer. He developed the chess
programs Fruit (released in 2005), Chess-64, and
Senpai (released in 2014).

Bruce Leverett (1952- ) is a software eningeer. He

wrote a chess program called LEVERETT CP in
1972.

Robert Levinson is an American computer scientist

at the University of California – Santa Cruz. In
1989, he created Morph, a research chess program
that learns to play chess from its experience only.

Dr. David Levy (1945- ) is a Scottish International

Master (1969) who, in 1968, made a $2,500 wager
that no chess computer could beat him in ten years.
He won his bet from Don Michie, John McCarthy,
Seymour Pappert, and Ed Kozdrowicki. He has
authored more than 40 books on chess and
computers. He is president of the International
Computer Games Association (ICGA). In 1978 he
won his wager by defeating Chess 4.7 with 3 wins
and 1 draw. He was the first International Master
to give up a draw to a computer program. He could
have made the bet that no chess computer could
beat him in 20 years. In 1973, Levy said, “I am
tempted to speculate that a computer program will
not gain the International Master title before the
turn of the century and that the idea of an
electronic World Champion belongs only in the
pages of a science fiction book.” In 1981, he
created the chess program PHILIDOR. It was in
1989 that he finally lost to a computer when Deep
Thought defeated Levy by the score of 4 wins and
no losses or draws. He earned a PhD in artificial
intelligence from Maastrich University in
2007. His dissertation was entitled, "Intimate
Relationships with Artificial Partners" (sex with
robots).

Dr. Kevin Lew is a software architect and

computer scientist. He is a member of the
ChessBrain team. ChessBrain is a chess-playing
entity that consists of a virtual chess
supercomputer of over 2,000 Internet-connected
machines.

Leonid Liberman is a Canadian chess programmer.

He is the author of LL Chess, a chess program with
focus on solving mates. It was written in assembly.
Dr. Michael Lieberman is an American physicist
and electrical engineer. At MIT, he was a member
of the chess group that wrote the chess program for
the IBM 7090, which later evolved to the Kotok-
MCCarthy Chess Program.

Tom Likens is an American electrical engineer. In

2003, he wrote Djinn, a free Winboard chess
engine written in C++.

Anton Lindenmair is a German blind software

developer. In2006, he wrote AliChess, a UCI-
compliant chess engine for Playchess.

David Lindsey is an American early

microprocessor ches programmer. In 1978, he,
along with Rex Kent, wrote the program which
appeard in the commercial dedicated Boris chess
computer, manufactured by Applied Concepts.

Gary Linscott is a computer scientist. In 2007, he

wrote Garbochess, a UCI-compliant open source
chess engine, written in C#. He also wrote
Garboches – JS, a strong javascript chess engine
using WebWorkers. He is the primary author of the
Stockfish Testing Framework dubbed Fishtest,
written in Python.

Dr. Torsten Linss (1967- ) is a German

mathematician. He contributed to Popeye, the open
source program for solving chess problems. He is
involved in developing chess problem related
software, such as databases for chess problems.

Panayiotis Lipiridis is a Greek information

technology engineer and web developer. In 2016,
he co-authored Chess-at-nite, a free open source
Winboard chess engine, written in C/C++.

Phil Lisiecki is an American computer scientist and

programmer. He was a member of the team in
developing the Cilkchess computer chess program.

In 1968, Barbara Jane Huberman Liskov (1939- )

wrote a Ph.D. thesis (A Program to Play Chess End
Games) at Stanford University that included a
computer program that played certain chess
endgames with pieces versus a lone king. This
included endgames of King vs Queen, King vs
Rook, King vs 2 Bishops, and King vs Bishop and
Knight.
Luca Lissandrello is an Italian chess programmer.
In 2010, he wrote Neurone, a WinBoard-
compatible chess engine written in Visual Basic
.NET.

Lex Loep is a Dutch computer chess programmer.

In 1987, he wrote LChess, also called
Schaakmeester, running under DOS. In 1992, he
established Lokasoft, a Dutch chess software
developing company.

Dominique Longbien is a French computer chess

programmer. In 2002, he wrote Adam, a free
Winboard/UCI chess engine written in C++.

Steven (Steve) Lopez is a computer chess software

collector and computer chess expert. He is the
author of several chess tutorials. He ran the
ChessBase USA hotline for several years. He now
works for ChessOK, the brand name for Convekta
Ltd.

Frederic Louguet is a French computer chess

programmer. He is the author of the chess
programs Chess Wizard and Raptor. From 1992 to
1997, he was editor of the French computer chess
magazine La Puce Echiqueenne.

Jan Louwman (1924-2002) was a Dutch computer

chess expert. In 1980, he was co-founder of the
Dutch Computer Chess Federation (CSVN). He
was a member of the Rebel team. Rebel is a chess
program developed by Ed Schroder.

Bruno Lucas is a French software developer and

computer chess programmer. In 1997, he wrote
Dragon, a brute force chess engine.

Dr. Kai von Luck is a German computer scientist.

In 1981, he co-wrote N.N., an experimental chess
system written in LISP.

Matthias Luescher is a Swiss computer scientist. In

1998, he wrote Chessterfield, a free chess engine
written in C++.

Harald Luessen is a German software developer

and computer chess programmer. In 2004, he wrote
Elephant, a WinBoard compatible chess engine.

Dr. Herve Luga is a French computer scientist. He

co-authored Tempo, an experimental chess engine
using an artificial neuronal network as an
evaluation function.

Stef Luijten is a Dutch computer chess

programmer. In 2004, he wrote Wing, a
WinBoard-compliant chess engine, written in C++.
He also wrote Winglet.

Mateusz Luksik is a Polish computer scientist. In

2002, he wrote Atak, a chess engine written in C.

Christopher Lutz in a German chess grandmaster

and was chess consultant of the Hydra project. In
1989, he co-authored Paul, a chess program written
in Turbo Pascal. In 1981, he wrote Bernie, a chess
program written in Turbo C and 68000 Assembly
on an Atari ST.

George Lyapko is a Hungarian software developer.

In 2000, he wrote Bestia, a chess engine written in
Pascal and compiled with Delphi. He has also
written various PGN and WinBoard related tools to
run under MS-DOS.

Chao Ma is a Chinese computer scientist and chess

programmer. In 2009, he wrote Cmchess, a UCI-
compatible chess engine that applies a parallel
SMP search.

Andreas Mader is an Austrian computer chess

expert and tester. In 1997, he was one of the
founders of the Computer Chess Club (CCC). He is
the primary editor of the computer chess
periodicals Modul and PC Schach.

Dr. Vladimir Makhnychev is a Russian computer

scientist. He is a co-developer of the Aquariam
GUI, a commercial Windows GUI by ChessOK
that supports UCI and WinBoard engines. He was
a primary contributor to the 7-men Lomonosov
Tablebases.

Ivan Maklyakov is a Russian chess programmer.

He is the author of the chess engines Uralochka,
FreeChess, and the UCI-compliant FreeChessII.

Odd Gunnar Malin is a Norwegian software

developer and computer chess programmer. In
2001, he wrote PolarChess, written in C++. He is
the author of NorBase, a game-database program.

Jeff Mallett is an American computer scientist and

chess programmer. In 1991, he wrote Innovation, a
chess program written in C. Innovation was
incorporated in several commercial chess teaching
products.

Stefano Malloggi is an Italian computer chess

programmer. In 2006, he wrote Chaturanga, a
WinBoard compatible chess engine.

Thomas Mally (1943-2013) was an Austrain

computer chess expert and computer chess
programmer. In 1992, he wrote Wappler, a chess
program running on an IBM PC under MS-DOS
with its own GUI. He was editor of Modul and PC
Schach.

Gary Maltzen (1943-2007) was an American

computer scientist and early chess programmer.
He, along with Ken Sogge, Fred Prouse, and
Lonny Lebahn, wrote a chess program called Black
Knight in 1974. It was written in Fortran and ran
on the UNIVAC 1100 series of computers.

Sebastien Mametz is a French computer scientist.

In 2003, he wrote PixChess, a private chess engine
written in Java.

Ronald de Man is a Dutch mathematician and

computer scientist. He is the author of the chess
engines Sjaak and CFish.

Edoardo Manino is an Italian chess player and

computer chess programmer. He is the author of
the open source engines ProChess, written in
Visual Basic, and the chess engine RamJet, written
in C.

Alexey Manjakhin is a Russian physicist and

computer chess programmer. In 1988, he co-
authored the chess program Centaur, which won
the 1st Soviet Computer Chess Championship in
1988. He helped develop Chess Assistant.

Timothy (Tim) Mann is an American computer

scientist and programmer. He is the creator of
XBoard and WinBoard, originally GUIs for GNU
Chess.

Dr. Valavan Manohararajah is a Sri Lanka born,

Canadian computer scientist and chess
programmer. In 1996, he authored the chess
program Rajah.

Mark Manyen is an American software developer

and computer and video games programmer. In the
late 1980s, he was a lead programmer on most of
the early Chessmaster series software.

Andres Manzannares-Campillo is a Spanish

computer chess programmer. In 2004, he wrote
Atlas, a UCI-compliant chess engine.

Eric Marathee is a French computer chess

programmer. In 1990, he wrote Small-C, which
later evolved into Gibbon.

Julien Marcel is a French jurist and computer chess

programmer. In 2007, he wrote the UCI-
compatible chess engine Predateur, written in
Pascal. .

Henrik Markarian is an American computer

engineer. In 1991, he was project manager of the
Chessmaster 3000 at Software Toolworks. In 1999,
he programmed the Chessmaster II for the
PlayStation, published by Mindscape.

Sergei Markoff is a Russian computer scientist and

computer chess programmer. In 2015, he wrote the
chess program SmarThink, written in C.

Roland Marquis is a Swiss software developer and

computer chess programmer. In 2005, he wrote
Marquis, a WinBoard-compatible chess engine,
written in C++.

Anthony (Tony) Marsland was the author of the

chess program WITA, which later became AWIT.

Ruud Martin is a Dutch technical engineer and

programmer. In 2009, he founded Phoenix Chess
Systems. He is responsible for the Mephisto
compatible module sets Resurrection, Resurrection
II, and Reflection. He is chairman of the Dutch
Computer Chess Federation (CSVN).

Heiner Marxen is a German computer scientist and

programmer. He is the author of Chest, a program
for solving orthodox chess problems.

Gianluigi Masciulli is an Italian computer chess

programmer. He is a founding member of the
Italian Computer Chess Association. In 1999, he
wrote the chess engine Golem, written in C.

Youri Matiounine is an American computer games

programmer. In 2014, he wrote Fizbo, a UCI-
compliant chess engine.

Srdja Matovic is a German computer scientist and

software developer. He is the author of various
chess programs under the name Zeta.

Steve Maughan is a British management

consultant. He is the author of the UCI-compatible
engine Monarch and Maverick.
Thomas Mayer is a German computer scientist and
computer chess programmer. In 200, he wrote the
chess engine Quark.

John Maynard Smith (1920-2004) was a British

biologist. In 1961, he created Smith One-Move
Analyzer (SOMA).

Thomas McBurney is an Australian software

developer and computer chess programmer. He is
the author of the chess programs Deep BASIC and
Kanguruh.

John McCarthy (1927-2011) was a professor at

Stanford. He invented the alpha-beta search
function in 1955 that was eventually used in chess
programs. In 1955, he coined the word Artificial
Intelligence and is considered the father of
artificial intelligence. It was McCarthy’s students
that developed the first computer program to
convincingly play chess. It ran initially on an IBM
704 computer (later, an IBM 709 and 7090) and
incorporated McCarthy’s version of an alpha-beta
pruning scheme to reduce the number of positions
that had to be considered. The IBM 704 was one of
the last vacuum tube computers. In 1965,
McCarthy visited the Soviet Union. There, a group
at the Moscow Institute for Theoretical and
Experimental Physics (ITEP), led by Alexander
Kronrod, challenged his chess program (Kotok-
McCarthy program) to a match with their chess
program, later called KAISSA. A match was held
over nine months in 1966-67. The Soviet program
won the match 3-1 (two wins and two draws). The
Kotok-McCarthy program ran on an IBM 7090
computer. The Soviet chess program ran on an M-
20 computer.

Christopher McConnell is an American computer

scientist. In the 1990s, while a PhD student at
Carnegie Mellon University, he worked with Dr.
Hans Berliner on the chess program Hitech.
Scott McDonald is an American chess master who
worked with David Kittinger on the programs for
the dedicated Novag computers in the early 1980s.

Rob McDonell is an Australian computer chess

programmer. In 2002, he wrote the chess program
KChess.

Peter McKenzie is a New Zealand computer

scientist. He is the author of the chess engines
LambChop and Warp.

Matt McKnight is an American software

developer. In 2003, he wrote the WinBoard-
compatible engine Dorky, written in C and C++.

Alan Mead is an American electrical engineer from

Texas. He is co-founder, chairman, and CEO of
Applied Concepts, founded in March 1977. He was
involved in designing the hardware of the first
Boris machine in 1978.

Kerwin Medina is an American computer scientist,

software developer, and computer chess
programmer. In 2009, he assumed the development
of the chess engine Thinker.

Vladimir Medvedev is a Russian games and chess

programmer. In 2002, he wrote the chess program
GreKo.

Daniel Mehrmann is a German computer chess

programmer. In 2003, he wrote Homer, a UCI-
compliant chess engine, written in C.

John Merlino is an American games programmer.

He was a programmer on several versions of the
Chessmaster series.

Maarten van der Meulen is a Dutch computer

scientist and chess programmer. He is the author of
the chess engines m1.0 and Arachne.

Stefan Meyr-Kahlen is a German computer

scientist and computer chess programmer. In 1995,
he wrote Shredder, a very strong chess engine.

Donald Michie (1923-2007) was a British

researcher and computer pioneer. While at Oxford
in the late 1940s, he began exploring ways of
developing “paper machines” that could play
chess. In 1948, he helped develop a “paper
machine” to play chess, called Machiavelli.

Tomasz Michniewski is a Polish computer scientist

and chess programmer. He is the author of the
chess engine Tytan, written in C++.

Jacques Middlecoff wrote a chess program called

SPOC (Selective Pruning Optimization Chess) in
1984. It was a state-of-the-art chess program
written in 8086 assembly language for the IBM PC
with a USCF rating of 1700.

Gabor Mihaly is a Hungarian software engineer

and computer chess programmer. In 2008, he wrote
the UCI-compliant chess engine Tigran.

Karl-Heinz Milaster is a German computer chess

programmer. He is the author of the chess
computer and program called Chess Brain. In
1996, he wrote the commercial chess program
Schach!

Anastasios Milikas is a computer chess

programmer. In 2005, he wrote the UCI-
compatible chess engine AICE (Artificially
Intelligent Chess Engine).

Donald V. Miller is an American computer

scientist and chess programmer. In the late 1970s,
he developed the mainframe program Xenarbor,
written in Fortran.

Adrian Millett is a games programmer. He

developed the Windows GUI for Chess Genius 4.

Ben Mittman, along with Monty Newborn,

organized the first U.S. Computer Chess
Championship was held in the Rhinelander Gallery
at the Hilton Hotel in New York in 1970.

Maurizio Monge is an Italian mathematician and

computer scientist. He is the author of the chess
engines RattateChess and RattatAjedrez.

Warren Montgomery, along with Larry Harris,

wrote a chess program called DARTMOUTH CP
in 1973.

George Moore is an American electrical engineer.

In 1972, he helped write MCU CP chess program
when he was associated with the Mississippi State
University. It ran on a 36-bit UNIVAC 1106.

Jose Manuel Moran is a Spanish computer chess

programmer. He is the author of the chess engines
Ruy Lopez and RuyDos.

Bruce Moreland is an American computer scientist

and computer chess programmer. In 1995, he wrote
the chess engine Ferret. He is the author of the
open source program Gerbil.

Chris Moreton is a British computer scientist. In

1992, he co-authored the chess engine Rival.
Manlio Morini is an Italian software developer. In
1998, he developed the chess engine Joker, written
in C++.

Rod Morison is an American computer scientist.

He is the co-author of Waycool, written in 1986 as
a massive parallel chess program.

Alex Morozov is a Ukrainian chess programmer.

He is the author of the chess program Booot.

Dmitry Morozov is a software developer. He is the

author of the Internet-Chess-Killer, a program for
automatic engine play on Internet chess servers. In
2011, he wrote the UCI-compliant chess engine
Quazar, written in C++.
Jim Morris is an American early computer chess
programmer. In 1974, he helped develop the chess
program KChes6 at the University of Louisville. It
ran on an HP 2000C.

Frans Morsch (1954- ) is a Dutch computer chess

programmer. He is the author of various dedicated
chess computers and PC-programs. In 1983, he
wrote Nona, written in 6502 assembly language to
run on an Apple IIe.

Ferdinand Mosca is a Filipino games and chess

programmer. He is the author of the chess engine
Deuterium and multiple chess variant playing
programs. In 2016, he released his Chess Game
Analyzer GUI.

Edmund Moshammer is a chess programmer. He

was involved in the development of the chess
engines CPW-Engine and Glass Chess Engine.

John Moussouris is an American physicist. In the

1970s, he was involved in developing CHEOPS
(Chess-orientated Processing System).

John Mucci (1942-2010) was an American

electrical engineer and former vice president at
Thinking Machines Corporation. He provided the
managerial backing for StarTech running on the
CM-5 Connection Machine.

Gabriele Mueller is a Swiss computer scientist and

programmer. In 1998, he was the author of the
Crafty clones, Voyager, LaGrande, and LaPetite.

Harm Geert Muller is a Dutch physicist and

computer chess programmer. In 1981, he wrote the
chess program Usurpator for the 6800 and 6502 8-
bit microprocessor. He also wrote a blitz chess
program for the PDP-11.

Roberto Munter is a computer chess programmer.

He is the author of the chess engines Ippolit,
IvanHoe, Deep Saros 2, and Elektro.

Mridul Muralidharan is an Indian computer

scientist and computer chess programmer. He is
the author of Ceng, MessChess, and Witchess.

Ron Murawski is an American computer chess

programmer. In 2001, he wrote the WinBoard-
compatible chess engine Horizon.

Hugh S. Myers is an American professional

programmer and web developer. He is the author
of the ICC chess client, Blitzin. He wrote the
device drivers for the Saitek PC Auto Chessboard.
He has published various PGN tools in Perl and
Python.

Peter Mysliwietz is a German computer games

researcher and programmer. He is the co-author of
the massive parallel chess program Zugzwang, and
the single processor program Alpha I.

Amindo Naarden is a Dutch computer scientist and

computer chess programmer. In 1996, he wrote the
chess engine AChess.

Luca Naddel is an Italian computer chess

programmer. He is the author of the chess engine
GUI Uragano 3D and PICcolino.

Eugene Nalimov is a Russian computer scientist

and chess programmer. In the late 1980s, he wrote
Siberian Chess, a shareware chess program. He is
the author of the Nalimov endgame tablebases for
up to 6 pieces.

Swaminathan Natarajan is computer chess

aficionado and tester. He is the co-author of the
Strategic Test Suite, a series of themed test suites
designed to evaluate chess engines.

Alexander Naumov is a Serbian computer scientist

and computer chess programmer. In 2003, he
authored Naum, which soon evolved into one of
the top commercial chess engines.

Pallav Nawani is an Indian electrical engineer. He

is the author of the open source chess engine
Natwarial.

Sandro Necchi is a computer chess expert and

opening book author. He worked for MChess and
is a book author of Shredder.

Sergei Nefedov is a Russian software developer. In

2003, he wrote the UCI-compliant chess engine
Anechka.

Harry Nefkens (1952- ) is computer chess expert.

He is the co-author of the programs Pion, Dutch,
and Much.

Harry Nelson, along with Robert Hyatt and Albert

Gower, developed CRAY BLITZ at the University
of Southern Mississippi in 1980.

Ron Nelson, and engineer and programmer,

developed a chess program for an Altair 8800
microcomputer with an Intel 8080 CPU in 1976.
He went to work for Fidelity Electronics. He, along
with Sidney Samole, invented the first commercial
electronic computer, the Chess Challenger I.

Tihamer Nemes (1895-1960) was a Hungarian

mechanical and electrical engineer. In 1949, he
designed and constructed an electro-mechanical
chess machine.

Monroe (Monty) Newborn (1938- ), along with

Ben Mittman, organized the first U.S. Computer
Chess Championship was held in the Rhinelander
Gallery at the Hilton Hotel in New York in 1970.
In 1971, along with George Arnold, he created a
chess program called OSTRICH. In 1983, Monty
Newborn was elected president of the International
Computer Chess Association (ICCA). He was its
president from 1983 to 1986.
Allen Newell (1927-1992) was a research scientist
at the RAND Corporation. In March 1955, he
published an article called "The Chess Machine:
An Example of Dealing with a Complex Task of
Adaptation." The modern general-purpose
computer was characterized as the embodiment of
a three-point philosophy: (1) There shall exist a
way of computing anything computable; (2) The
computer shall be so fast that it does not matter
how complicated the way is; and (3) Man shall be
so intelligent that he will be able to discern the way
and instruct the computer. He helped develop the
chess program CP-1 (NSS) at Carnegie Tech with
the help of Cliff Shaw and Herbert Simon. Their
NSS program was the first chess program to be
written in a high-level language (IPL-IV) and took
about an hour to make a move. The program
combined algorithms that searched for good moves
with heuristics that captured well-known chess
strategies. Its most important innovation was the
alpha-beta tree search algorithm. The way it works
is that a computer evaluates a move and starts
working on its second move. As soon as a single
line shows that it will return a lower value than the
first move, it can terminate the search. You can
now chop off large parts of the search tree without
affecting the final results. The NSS chess program
ran on a JOHNNIAC (named after John von
Neumann), an early computer built by RAND
Corporation, first built in 1953.

Daniel Newman is an American computer scientist

and information manager. He is the author of the
WinBoard-compatible chess engine Shrike, written
in C++.

Russell Newman is a British software engineer and

co-author of the Rival chess engine.

Stephane Nguyen is a French computer chess

programmer. In 1998, he wrote the chess engine
Jester.

Arno Nickel is a German chess publisher and

organizer of online Freestyle chess tournaments.
He is general manager of InfinityChess.

Jens Baek Nielsen is a Danish computer chess

writer. In 1995, he wrote the chess program
Dabbaba, written in Turbo C.

Charles Niessen is an American electrical engineer

and computer scientist. In the early 1960s, he was
part of a team at MIT that wrote a chess program
for the IBM 7090, which later evolved to the
Kotok-McCarthy chess program.

Thomas Nietsche wrote a chess program called

ORWELL in 1976. In 1980, Nietsche, along with
Elmer Henine, programmed THE BRIKETT, the
first German chess computer on the market.

Thomas Nitsche is a German mathematician and

computer scientist. He is a former computer chess
programmer. In 1975, he wrote the chess program
Orwell, which played in the first German computer
chess tournament.

Phokham Nonava is a Swiss computer scientist and

senior software engineer. He is the author of the
open source chess engines Flux and Pulse.

Andreas Nowatzyk is an American physicist and

computer scientist. He was a member of the Deep
Thought team working on evaluation and
evaluation tuning.

Kevin O’Connell is an Irish chess consultant,

columnist, and writer. In 1979, along with David
Levy, he founded Philidor Software. In 1981, he
founded Intelligent Software, developing dedicated
chess computers and chess software for home
users.

Adam Oellermann is a South African software

developer. He is the author of Blikskottel.

Jack O’Keefe (1930-2008) was an American chess

historian. In 1973, he was a team member and
chess consultant of the chess program CHAOS at
the University of Michigan.

Marius Olafsson is an Icelandic computer scientist.

In 1982, he was a co-author of the chess program
Phoenix.

Eric Oldre is an American web developer and

software engineer. In 2004, he wrote Latista,
renamed Sinobyl in 2008. In 2014, he released the
open source chess engine NoraGrace, written in
C#.

Lourenco de Oliveira, Jr., is a Brazilian computer

scientist and computer chess programmer. He is
the author of the chess engine Capivara.

Vincent Ollivier is a French computer scientist. He

is the author of the chess engines Purple Haze and
Little Wing.

Jaap van Oosterwijk-Bruyn (1924-2003) was a

Dutch mathematician. In the 1980s, he was the first
chairman of the Dutch Computer Chess
Federation.

Grant Osborne is a British computer chess

programmer. In 2003, he wrote the WinBoard
chess engine AtlanChess.

Ian Osgood is an American software engineer. He

is the author of FCP (Forth Chess Program). In the
1990s, he wrote the bughouse support in the Free
Internet Chess Server (FICS).

Yuri Osipov is a Russian chess programmer. He is

the author of the chess engines Strelka and Belka.

Emil Ostensen is a Norwegian computer scientist.

In 2016, he wrote the chess engine Kholin, written
in C.

Peter Osterlund is a Swedish computer scientist

and chess programmer. He is the author of
MLChess, CuckooChess, and Texel.

Steve Otto is an American computer scientist and

chess programmer. In 1986, he was a co-author of
the massive parallel chess program Waycool.

Wolfgang Paehtz is a German former chess

programmer. In 1987, he was involved in the
development of the Chess-Master Diamond.

Mathieu Page is a Canadian computer chess

programmer. In 2003, he wrote the chess engine
MatMo, written in C++.

Marco Pagnoncelli is an Italian computer chess

programmer. In 2002, he wrote the chess engine
Cyber Pagno.

Rahman Paidar is an Iranian computer chess

programmer. In 2005, he wrote the strong chess
engine Ktulu, which is commercially distributed
via Lokasoft.

Andrew Palay is an American mathematician and

computer scientist. He was involved in the
development of Hitech with early design issues and
implemented the opening book.

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