INDEX

1. OBJECT

2. MANUAL

3 CONTAINER TRAILER TRUCKS

4. REACH STACKER FOR WHASING FACILITIES

0 JLA 11/06/07 DGD 11/06/07 AGV 11/06/07

Rev. Realizado Fecha Comprob. Fecha Aprobado Fecha Revisado Fecha Notas

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1. OBJECT

This report has been prepared to calculate the asphalt pavement of the services zone of the
new container terminal to be built at Lázaro Cárdenas (Mexico) in accordance with the yard
equipment to be used and the load cycles over pavement.

2. MANUAL

For pavement calculation, the following manual has been used:

- “The Structural Design of Heavy Duty Pavements for Ports and Other Industries” 3ª
Edition 1996 published by The British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd for Interpave,
The Precast Concrete Paving and Kerb Association.

The 3ª Edition of paving calculation has been issued under the Precast Concrete Paving and
Kerb Association of the United Kingdom. Nevertheless and in the rest of this document, we
will refer to this manual as BPA (British Ports Association).

3. CONTAINER TRAILER TRUCK

The container trailer truck is specified in to clause 2.8.4.1.2, volume 2 of ERs.

3.1 Paving Section

The pavement type 1 is composed by following layers and material:

- Subgrade (CBR>30%)
- Base (CBR>80%) ............................................................................................ 600 mm
- Asphalt layers.................................................................................................. 120 mm

Only the base part should be considered as structural part but not the asphalt layers.

3.2 Wheel loads

In figure 4, appendix E, shows the loads for a container trailer truck included 2 x 20 ft boxes.

The loads stated in this figure are as follows:

R1 = 7,9 t
R2 = 20 t
R3 = 18,5 t
R4 = 18,5 t
Tractor weight = 6,6 t

W = 7,9 + 20 + 18,5 + 18,5 – 6,6 = 58,3 t

This value corresponds with 2 x 20 ft = 2 x 25,4 = 50,8 t and trailer weight (7,5 t presumed)

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The critical load of 20 ft container is 20.000 kg (page 8 BPF manual), there is no significant
difference from the maximum load 25.400 kg so we assume the values stated in figure 4, and
the wheel loads are:

7,9
W1  t  39 kN
2

20
W2  t  98 kN
2

18,5
W3  t  91 kN
2

18,5
W4  t  91 kN
2

3.3 Proximity factors

Only rear wheels 3 and 4 are sufficiently close together to be affected by proximity factors.

The distance between centres of wheel 3 and 4 is 1150 mm.

For CBR = 10 %, the effective depth to the bottom of the pavement base is:

35000
h ef  300  3  2.114 mm
10  10

Wheel spacing Effective depth to the base bottom / Proximity factor

(mm) 2000 mm 2114 mm 3000 mm
900 1,65 1,82
1.155 1,50 1,53 1,73
1.200 1,47 1,71

fp = 1,53

3.4 Dynamic factors

“Braking” and “cornering” shall be applied simultaneously for most unfavourable and
unrealistic situation and the relevant dynamic factors are:

3.4.1 Braking

Distances from the machine centre line to wheels from figure 4 are:

d1 = 6.500 mm
d2 = 3.500 mm
d3 = 5.350 mm
d4 = 6.500 mm

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Dynamic factor for tractor / trailer in braking condition is from table 7, page 10 of BPF is fd =
+10 %.

The relevant dynamic factors on each wheel are:

f d1  10 %

3500
fd2  10   5,38 %
6500

5350
fd3  10   8,23 %
6500

f d4  10 %

3.4.2 Cornering

From table 7 of BPF f d  30 %

3.5 Dynamic wheel loads

W1  391  0,1  0,3   55 kN

W2  981  0,0538  0,3   133 kN

W3  91 1,531  0,0823  0,3   170 kN

W 4  91 1,531  0,1  0,3   167 kN

The damaging effect applied to each wheel load in turn:

3,75
 55 
Wheel 1:    0,01
 170 

3,75
 133 
Wheel 2:    0,40
 170 

3,75
 170 
Wheel 3:    1,00
 170 

3,75
 167 
Wheel 4:    0,94
 170 

The equivalent of repetitions of the maximum wheel load (170 kN) should be:

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n = 0,01 + 0,40 + 1 +0,94 = 2,35

If N is the number of trucks, the equivalent passes according the previous considerations
should be:

Equivalent passes: 2,35 N moves of a load of 170 kN.

3.6 Passes

- Number of trucks ........................................................................................................N

- Load ............................................................................................................... 170 kN
- Passes .............................................................................................................. 2,35xN
- Base thickness ................................................................................................ 600 mm
 600 
- Base thickness in concrete C10.........................................................    200 mm
 3 
For 200 mm C-10 concrete base thickness and 170 kN equipment single load, the passes, in
accordance with chart 10 of BPA should be 1.500.000.

Number of trucks:

1.500.000
Trucks   638.298
2,35

Each truck carriers 2x20 ft full load i.e. two TEU. The expect traffic in Phase 1 B will be
500.000 TEU (value from volume 2 paragraph 1.22 – Section 1 – General)

There are two accesses to the terminal, by truck and by train, assuming a relationship 2:1
between both modalities, the traffic by truck should be 333.000 TEU year. The half of this
traffic (166.500 TEU/year) should go along each way (in / out).

As a result the number of trucks in a year to be passes over the pavement should be 83.250,
as each truck carries two 20 ft boxes.

As the total trucks obtained in the pavement calculation is 638.298, the number of years will
be:

638.298
years  8
83.250

4. REACH STACKER FOR WASHING FACILITIES

Reach stackers to be used to carry empty containers from the yard to the washing facilities.

In this study the damaged containers filled with IMO cargoes are not considered as such
situation should be an accident and as a result irrelevant from point of view of number of
cycles.

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It should be noted that reach stacker is not the best solution to carry empties as it should be
better to use FLT (top loader) for this type containers, which wheel loads are smaller than
RS.

4.1 Paving section

The pavement type 2 is composed by following layers and material:

- Subgrade (CBR >30%)

- Base (CBR >80%) ......................................................................................... 1.000mm
- Asphalt layers.................................................................................................. 120 mm

Only the base should be considered as structural part but not the asphalt layers.

4.2 Loads

From figure 5, appendix and of the “Container Handing Equipment Loading Diagrams”
Volumen 2 of Lázaro Cárdenas reach stacker loads are:

- Empty condition

- Front axel............................................................................ 369 kN (37.600 kg)

- Number wheels ............................................................................................... 4
- Rear axel ............................................................................ 338 kN (34.500 kg)
- Number wheels ............................................................................................... 2

From the previous values and taken into consideration the 40 ft container weight, we have.

Rr x 6 + 3.000 x 3,10 = 72.100 x 2,871

72.100  2,871  3.000  3,10

Rr   32.950 kg
6
Rf = 72.100 + 3.000 –32.950 = 42.150 kg

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4.3 Wheel Loads

- Front axel

Axel load ........................................................................................42.150 Kg (414 kN)

Number of wheels ...................................................................................................... 4
Wheel load ........................................................................................................ 104 kN

- Rear axel

Axel load ........................................................................................32.950 Kg (324 kN)

Number of wheels ...................................................................................................... 2
Wheel load ........................................................................................................ 162 kN

4.4 Wheel proximity factor

In figure 3 of ERs does not point out the distance between lateral centres of two close front
wheels, but from our information about similar machines it could be 585 mm, this value shall
be assumed in the calculation.

For CBR = 10%, the effective depth of the pavement should be:

35.000
h ef  300  3  2.114 mm
10  10

Wheel spacing Effective depth to the base bottom / Proximity factor

(mm) 2000 mm 2114 mm 3000 mm
300 1,95 1,98
585 1,83 1,84 1,91
600 1,82 1,91

fp = 1,84

4.5 Dynamic factors

In BPF manual does not point out dynamic load factors for reach stackers, in spite of this
machine is included in the yard machines, see fig 2.5 (second edition 1986) and page 19
(third edition 1996).

As a result in accordance to BPF, it does not require to apply dynamic factors for reach
stackers, nevertheless we will prepare two calculations, one with the FLT dynamic factors
and another without them.

The most unfavourable and unrealistic situation with dynamic factors should be when
“braking” and “cornering” condition apply simultaneously.

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For these conditions the dynamic factors should be:

Condition Wheel fD
Braking Front +30 %
Cornering Front +40 %
Braking Rear -30 %
Cornering Rear +40 %

From these values, the combined dynamic factors should be:

- Front wheel .......................................................................................fD=1+0,3+0,4=1,7

- Rear wheel .........................................................................................fD=1-0,3+0,4=1,1

4.6 Loaded condition

- Wheel loads

Front wheel load............................................................. FF=104 x 1,84 x 1,7 = 325 kN

Rear wheel load ......................................................................FR = 162 x 1,1 = 178 kN

- Equivalent passes

Front wheel ................................................................................................... One pass

3,75
 178 
Rear wheel .........................................................................................    0,10
 325 
Number of RS.............................................................................................................N
Equivalent passes ............................. N (1 + 0,10) = 1,10 N moves of a load of 325 kN

4.7 Passes

- Number of RS.............................................................................................................N
- Load ............................................................................................................... 325 kN
- Passes .................................................................................................................1,1 N
- Base thickness ............................................................................................. 1.000 mm
1000
- Base thickness in concrete C10...........................................................  333 mm
3

For 333 mm C-10 concrete base thickness and 325 kN equivalent single load, in accordance
with chart 10 of BPA, the passes should be 240.000.

Number of RS:

240.000
RS   218.000
1,1

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