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    Antegenic Processing

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    Mayaka Amos
    Antigen processing and presentation involves specialized antigen presenting cells internalizing antigens, degrading them into peptides, and displaying the peptides bound to MHC molecules on their surface. There are two pathways - the exogenous pathway where external antigens are degraded and presented on MHC class II to activate TH cells, and the endogenous pathway where internal antigens are degraded and presented on MHC class I to activate TC cells and target infected or cancerous cells for destruction. The MHC molecules play a key role in antigen recognition by T cells in both pathways.

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    Antegenic Processing

    Uploaded by

    Mayaka Amos
    22 views14 pages
    Antigen processing and presentation involves specialized antigen presenting cells internalizing antigens, degrading them into peptides, and displaying the peptides bound to MHC molecules on their surface. There are two pathways - the exogenous pathway where external antigens are degraded and presented on MHC class II to activate TH cells, and the endogenous pathway where internal antigens are degraded and presented on MHC class I to activate TC cells and target infected or cancerous cells for destruction. The MHC molecules play a key role in antigen recognition by T cells in both pathways.

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    Antigen processing and presentation involves specialized antigen presenting cells internalizing antigens, degrading them into peptides, and displaying the peptides bound to MHC molecules on their surface. There are two pathways - the exogenous pathway where external antigens are degraded and presented on MHC class II to activate TH cells, and the endogenous pathway where internal antigens are degraded and presented on MHC class I to activate TC cells and target infected or cancerous cells for destruction. The MHC molecules play a key role in antigen recognition by T cells in both pathways.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views14 pages

    Antegenic Processing

    Uploaded by

    Mayaka Amos
    Antigen processing and presentation involves specialized antigen presenting cells internalizing antigens, degrading them into peptides, and displaying the peptides bound to MHC molecules on their surface. There are two pathways - the exogenous pathway where external antigens are degraded and presented on MHC class II to activate TH cells, and the endogenous pathway where internal antigens are degraded and presented on MHC class I to activate TC cells and target infected or cancerous cells for destruction. The MHC molecules play a key role in antigen recognition by T cells in both pathways.

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    Antigen Processing

    and Presentation

    Kalu ram sharma


    M.Sc. 1ST YEAR
    BIOTECHNOLOGY
    MANIPAL UNIVERSITY JAIPUR
    Antigen Presenting Cells
     Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are specialized cells,
    which include macrophages, B lymphocytes, and
    dendritic cells, are distinguished by two properties:
     (1)they express class II MHC molecules on their
    membranes, and
     (2)they are able to deliver a co-stimulatory signal that is
    necessary for TH-cell activation.
     Antigen-presenting cells first internalize antigen,
    either by phagocytosis or by endocytosis, and
    then display a part of that antigen on their
    membrane bound to a class II MHC molecule.
     The TH cell recognizes and interacts with the
    antigen–class II MHC molecule complex on the
    membrane of the antigen-presenting cell leading
    to the initiation of a costimulatory signal by the
    antigen-presenting cell, leading to activation of
    the TH cell.
    Major Histocompatibility
    Complex (MHC)

     The MHC loci encode two major classes of


    membrane-bound glycoproteins: class I and
    class II MHC molecules.
     They function as antigen-recognition
    molecules.
     TH cells recognize antigen combined with
    class II molecules, whereas TC cells
    generally recognize antigen combined with
    class I molecules.
     MHC molecule can bind to a spectrum of
    antigenic peptides derived from the
    intracellular degradation of antigen
    molecules.
     These variable regions form a cleft within
    which the antigenic peptide sits and is
    presented to T lymphocytes.
    Antigen Processing &
    Presentation
     Foreign protein antigen are degraded into small
    antigenic peptides that form complexes with class I
    or class II MHC molecules.
     This conversion of proteins into MHC-associated
    peptide fragments is called antigen processing and
    presentation.
     Whether a particular antigen will be processed and
    presented together with class I MHC or class II
    MHC molecules appears to be determined by the
    route that the antigen takes to enter a cell.
    Exogenous pathway

    Exogenous antigen is produced outside of the


    host cell and enters the cell by endocytosis or
    phagocytosis.
    Antigen presenting cells (macrophages,
    dendritic cells, and B cells) degrade ingested
    exogenous antigen into peptide fragments
    within the endocytic processing pathway.
     Class II MHC molecules are expressed
    within the endocytic processing pathway
    and that peptides produced by
    degradation of antigen in this pathway
    bind to the cleft within the class II MHC
    molecules.
     The MHC molecules bearing the peptide
    are then exported to the cell surface to
    be recognized by TH cells.
    Processing of Exogenous Antigen
    Endogenous pathway

     Endogenous antigen is produced within the


    host cells. Viral proteins synthesized within
    virus-infected host cells. Unique proteins
    synthesized by cancerous cells.
     Endogenous antigens are degraded into
    peptide fragments that bind to class I MHC
    molecules within the endoplasmic
    reticulum.
     The peptide–class I MHC complex is then
    transported to the cell membrane.
     Since all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules, all
    cells producing endogenous antigen use this route to
    process the antigen.

     These cytotoxic T cells attack and kill cells displaying the


    antigen–MHC class I complexes for which their receptors
    are specific.
    Processing of Endogenous
    Antigen
    Overview of the Immune
    Thank you

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