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    CSD For Transformer Back Charging

    Uploaded by

    Naresh Pattanaik
    Controlled switching devices (CSD) help switch transformers and reactors in a controlled manner to reduce inrush currents and stresses on equipment. Two examples described issues where the absence or incorrect settings of CSD relays led to high inrush currents during switching, which were then resolved by adjusting the relay settings. Maintaining proper CSD relay settings and regular checks of their operation are important for safe switching of high power equipment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    CSD For Transformer Back Charging

    Uploaded by

    Naresh Pattanaik
    282 views24 pages
    Controlled switching devices (CSD) help switch transformers and reactors in a controlled manner to reduce inrush currents and stresses on equipment. Two examples described issues where the absence or incorrect settings of CSD relays led to high inrush currents during switching, which were then resolved by adjusting the relay settings. Maintaining proper CSD relay settings and regular checks of their operation are important for safe switching of high power equipment.

    Original Description:

    Controlled switching device for transformer

    Original Title

    CSD for Transformer Back Charging

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    Controlled switching devices (CSD) help switch transformers and reactors in a controlled manner to reduce inrush currents and stresses on equipment. Two examples described issues where the absence or incorrect settings of CSD relays led to high inrush currents during switching, which were then resolved by adjusting the relay settings. Maintaining proper CSD relay settings and regular checks of their operation are important for safe switching of high power equipment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    282 views24 pages

    CSD For Transformer Back Charging

    Uploaded by

    Naresh Pattanaik
    Controlled switching devices (CSD) help switch transformers and reactors in a controlled manner to reduce inrush currents and stresses on equipment. Two examples described issues where the absence or incorrect settings of CSD relays led to high inrush currents during switching, which were then resolved by adjusting the relay settings. Maintaining proper CSD relay settings and regular checks of their operation are important for safe switching of high power equipment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24

    -Deo

    Nath Jha
    POWERGRID
    765kV
    400kV
    220kV 280 Nos.
    132kV 412Nos.
    47 Nos.
    13 Nos.
    Total
    752 Nos.
    765kV
    400kV
    220kV 564 Nos.
    Tertiary
    598 Nos.
    12 Nos.
    16 Nos.
    Total
    1190 Nos
    • Controlled switching:
    • Operation of a switching device at a specific, pre-determined point in relation
    to the power frequency current or voltage
    Equivalents : Synchronized switching / Point-on-Wave switching

    • Controlled switching system


    • Combination of circuit-breaker, controller and necessary sensors and auxiliary
    equipment required to achieve controlled switching
     High Power Equipment requires extra safe guards
     Prevents re-ignition of arc during opening
     Controls in-rush current/magnetizing currents
    during charging
     Reduces stress on electrical devices, since fewer
    transients develop during circuit breaker
    switching.

    Without Controlled Switching With Controlled Switching


    N*T+Tclstarg
    Tpre
    Tclslag
    Tclswait Tcls
    target

    Reference
    Voltage Making point
    T3 T4 time

    T0 T1 T2

    Closing Output Energizing


    Command closing switchgear Contact touching
    Voltage command
    Zero-cross coil
    Feedback
    singnal

    contact OPENDE CLOSING


    CLOSED

    Controlled Prebreakdown
    closing
    command
    N×T+Topntarg

    Topnlag Target opening point

    Topnwait Topn Tarcing

    Reference
    voltage
    T3 T4 t
    T0 T1 T2

    Contact Arc
    Closing Output opening separating extinction
    command command moment moment
    Sample analog values of controlled side

    Arcing
    Contact
    Closed Opening
    state
    Opened

    Opening
    command
    Power transformer inrush currents

    Core flux Saturation characteristics

    Saturation characteristics of
    Transformer
    +
    Random instant of energisation (core
    flux high level)

    High inrush currents Magnetizing current


    WORST SWITCHING SEQUECNCE

    Core flux

    Saturation characteristics

    Remanent
    flux

    Reference
    voltage

    Instant of energisation
    Prospective flux

    Large flux grading,


    Transformer core driven into
    saturation,
     High inrush currents
    Magnetizing current
    Optimized switching sequence

    Core flux
    Saturation characteristics

    Prospective flux

    Remanent
    Flux*
    *set by
    previous
    opening
    Reference
    voltage

    Instant of energisation

    Optimal energizing sequence


    Energizing transformer when :
    Prospective flux = Remanent flux
    Needs remanent flux measurement to
    be achieved
    Magnetizing current
     Regular Increase in Lightening Arrestor of a
    Shunt Reactor counter noticed
     Circuit Breaker parameters checked and
    found to be as per specifications & no drift
     Signals from CT & CVT at input of CSD relay
    checked and it is found that the phase
    difference is 83° against 90°
     The timing of CSD relay is accordingly
    changed by 0.5 ms and reactor is again taken
    in service
     During charging of ICT, high humming noise was
    noticed- suspicion of large inrush current
     Charging waveform shows high current at time of
    charging 1000-1200 Amps
     CSD relay was considering equal pre-arcing time
    for all phases
     However with closing of the first pole there is
    transformational voltage in other phases
     CSD relay ‘tweaked’ to allow adequate pre-arcing
    time for other poles.
     New waveform shows reduction in charging
    current to nearly 20 Amps
     Similar incident of high inrush during closing
    of Bus Reactor observed
     This time problem is due to incorrectly
    configured relay
     Relay time corrected to adjust as per CB
    parameters
     CSD is an important tool for switching
    transformer/reactors in a controlled manner
     Absence of CSD poses high risk to key
    equipment
     Incorrect relay settings can also cause
    problem to expand exponentially - Correct
    setting to be ensured
     Operation to be regularly checked/ analyzed

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