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    Psychology The Science of Human Experience

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    Val Augustus Bonite
    This document provides an overview of psychology as a science. It begins by outlining the learning goals which are to understand psychology's definition and goals, historical approaches including structuralism, functionalism, gestalt, and behaviorism, modern approaches such as biological, cognitive, behavioral, psychoanalytic, humanistic, sociocultural, and evolutionary, as well as contemporary psychology and its profession. The document then delves into each topic in more detail, providing definitions and explanations of key concepts and approaches within the field of psychology.

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    Psychology The Science of Human Experience

    Uploaded by

    Val Augustus Bonite
    150 views49 pages
    This document provides an overview of psychology as a science. It begins by outlining the learning goals which are to understand psychology's definition and goals, historical approaches including structuralism, functionalism, gestalt, and behaviorism, modern approaches such as biological, cognitive, behavioral, psychoanalytic, humanistic, sociocultural, and evolutionary, as well as contemporary psychology and its profession. The document then delves into each topic in more detail, providing definitions and explanations of key concepts and approaches within the field of psychology.

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    This document provides an overview of psychology as a science. It begins by outlining the learning goals which are to understand psychology's definition and goals, historical approaches including structuralism, functionalism, gestalt, and behaviorism, modern approaches such as biological, cognitive, behavioral, psychoanalytic, humanistic, sociocultural, and evolutionary, as well as contemporary psychology and its profession. The document then delves into each topic in more detail, providing definitions and explanations of key concepts and approaches within the field of psychology.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    150 views49 pages

    Psychology The Science of Human Experience

    Uploaded by

    Val Augustus Bonite
    This document provides an overview of psychology as a science. It begins by outlining the learning goals which are to understand psychology's definition and goals, historical approaches including structuralism, functionalism, gestalt, and behaviorism, modern approaches such as biological, cognitive, behavioral, psychoanalytic, humanistic, sociocultural, and evolutionary, as well as contemporary psychology and its profession. The document then delves into each topic in more detail, providing definitions and explanations of key concepts and approaches within the field of psychology.

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    Module 1:

    PSYCHOLOGY
    The Science of
    human experience
    Remember!
    LEARNING GOALS
    By the end of lecture, you would have gained insight into:

    1. Psychology: Definition & Goals


    2. Modern Approaches
    3. Historical Approaches
    4. Contemporary Psychology & its Profession
    5. Special Issues
    GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY
    DESCRIBE

    EXPLAIN

    PREDICT

    CONTROL
    History
    History
    LEARNING GOALS
    By the end of lecture, you would have gained insight into:

    1. Psychology: Definition & Goals


    2. Historical Approaches
    3. Modern Approaches
    4. Contemporary Psychology & its Profession
    5. Special Issues
    Historical Approaches
    1. ______________
    STRUCTURALISM

    2. ______________
    FUNCTIONALISM

    3. ______________
    GESTALT

    4. ______________
    BEHAVIORISM
    Elements of the Mind: ______________
    STRUCTURALISM

    • study of the most basic


    elements (e.g. __________ and
    SENSATIONS

    ___________) that make up our


    PERCEPTIONS

    conscious mental experiences


    Method: __________________
    INTROSPECTION

    • Procedure asking subjects to


    ________________ and report
    LOOK INWARD

    their ______________ and


    SENSATIONS

    ______________.
    PERCEPTIONS
    History
    Functions of the Mind: ________________
    FUNCTIONALISM

    • study of the FUNCTION rather than the


    structure of consciousness
    • Focus on how minds______ to our
    ADAPT

    changing environment
    Sensations Vs. Perceptions:
    ____________ Approach
    GESTALT

    • _____________ is more than the _____ of its


    PERCEPTION SUM

    parts and studied


    • Emphasis: ____________ of sensations into
    ASSEMBLY

    meaningful perceptual experiences


    History
    Observable Behaviors: ______________
    BEHAVIORISM

    • Emphasis: OBJECTIVE, scientific analysis of


    ______________ BEHAVIORS
    OBSERVABLE
    LEARNING GOALS
    By the end of lecture, you would have gained insight into:

    1. Psychology: Definition & Goals


    2. Historical Approaches
    3. Modern Approaches
    4. Contemporary Psychology & its Profession
    5. Special Issues
    Modern Approaches
    A. Biological Approach
    B. _________ Approach
    COGNITIVE

    C. _________ Approach
    BEHAVIORAL

    D. Psychoanalytic Approach
    E. ____________ Approach
    HUMANISTIC

    F. Cross-cultural Approach
    G. ______________ Approach
    EVOLUTIONARY

    H. ______________ Approach
    BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL
    Biological Approach
    • focuses on how ______, • - Subfields:
    GENES

    __________ and
    HORMONES
    ▪ __________________
    BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE (ANATOMY)

    _____________
    NERVOUS SYSTEM
    interact
    with our environments ▪ __________________
    COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE ( PHYSIOLOGY)

    to influence ▪ __________________
    NEUROPSYCHOLOGY(CHEMISTRY)

    psychological variables
    Behavioral _____________ APPROACH

    • Asserts all mental experiences and


    behavioral acts are products of
    the nervous system
    STRUCTURALISM
    • ____________________ produces
    the specific type of experience or
    behavior being studied
    ____psychology
    STRUCTURALISM

    • “____________ Psychology”
    • study the ways __________
    and ______ act on the brain
    to alter behavior and
    experience, either in
    humans or in nonhuman
    animals
    Behavioral ____________
    • - psychological differences due to
    differences in their ________
    - Estimation of _______________ in
    differences among people for
    some psychological trait
    - Comparison of ______ of people
    who differ in specific _______
    _____________ Approach
    COGNITIVE

    • Examines how we ________,


    PROCESS

    _____, and ____ information


    STORE USE

    • how ________
    INFORMATION
    influences
    what we attend to,
    perceive, learn, __________,
    REMEMBER

    believe, and feel.


    ______________ Approach
    BEHAVIORAL

    • “___________ Psychology”
    BEHAVIORAL

    • studies how organisms


    learn new behaviors or
    ______________ ones,
    MODIFY EXISTING

    depending on whether
    events in their
    environments ________ or
    REWARD

    ________ these behaviors.


    PUNISH
    Psychoanalytic Approach
    - stresses the influence of
    _____________, fears,
    UNCONCIOUS

    desires, and motivations on


    thoughts, behaviors & the
    ____________ of personality
    DEVELOPMENT

    traits and psychological


    problems later in life
    ______________ Approach
    HUMANISTIC

    - Emphasis on individual’s:
    a. great __________ in
    FREEDOM

    directing one’s future


    b. large capacity for
    _____________
    ACHIEVING

    c. intrinsic ________
    WORTH

    d. enormous __________
    POTENTIAL

    for self-fulfillment
    _________________ Approach
    SOCIOCULTURAL

    • Highlights influence
    of cultural and
    ethnic similarities
    and differences
    ______________ Approach
    EVOLUTIONARY

    • studies how ___________


    EVOLUTIONARY

    ideas (e.g. _________,


    ADAPTATION

    ________________, etc.)
    NATURAL SELECTION

    account for human


    behaviors and mental
    processes
    Biopsychosocial Approach
    • Considers three factors:
    _______________,
    PSYCHOLOGICAL

    B S
    ______________ & _________
    BIOLOGICAL SOCIAL

    Phenomenon
    Approaches
    Psychology

    Historical Modern
    Approaches
    Psychology

    Historical

    Structuralism Functionalism Gestalt Behaviorism


    LEARNING GOALS
    By the end of lecture, you would have gained insight into:

    1. Psychology: Definition & Goals


    2. Modern Approaches
    3. Historical Approaches
    4. Contemporary Psychology & its Profession
    5. Special Issues
    Contemporary Psych
    “Psych holds a special pantheon in human
    knowledge”
    Contemporary psychology
    I. Areas of Specialization

    II. Membership

    III. Psychologist vs. Psychiatrist vs.


    Psychometrician
    Areas of Specialization
    • Deals with the assessment and treatment of
    ? people with psychological problems
    CLINICAL/
    COUNSELING

    • Focuses on a person’s moral, social, emotional &


    DEVELOPMENTAL
    ?
    cognitive development throughout the life span

    • Deals with physical and chemical changes that


    BIOLOGICAL occur during human functioning & the interaction
    ?
    of the nervous system interact with the
    environment
    Areas of Specialization
    • study of social interactions (e.g. stereotypes,
    SOCIAL
    ? prejudice, attitudes, intra & inter-group
    behavior, etc.)

    • An area using experimental methods in


    investigating diverse human functioning (e.g.
    EXPERIMENTAL
    ?
    sensation, perception, learning, human
    performance, etc.)

    • Deals with how humans store, process and use


    COGNITIVE ?
    information
    Areas of Specialization
    • focuses on the measurement of various
    PSYCHOMETRICS ? human abilities (e.g. abilities, skills, intelligence,
    personality, and abnormal behaviors)

    • Deals with applying psychological principles in


    INDUSTRIAL/
    ?
    ORGANIZATIONAL the workplace
    Membership

    American Psychological Association (APA)


    • largest scientific and professional organization
    of psychologists in America subdivided in 54 divisions
    • 117,500 members (APA, 2012)
    European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations
    (EFPA)
    • federation of 36 European national psychological
    associations, including all 28 EU member states and 8 other
    European countries
    • 350,000 members (EFPA, 2013)
    Psychological Association of the Philippines (PAP)
    • organization composed of 7 major divisions representing the
    specialty areas of psychology
    • 1,500 members
    Membership
    Psycho. . .?
    ______________ ______________ _________________
    CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST PSYCHIATRIST PSYCHOLOGIST

    • Doctorate degree • Medical doctor • BS/ BA


    (Ph.D., Psy.D., or • Specialization: Psychology
    Ed.D.) diagnosis and • Limited to
    • Has specialization treatment of administration,
    • Min. requirement psychological scoring, and
    M.A. Psychology* disorders interpretation**
    • can prescribe
    medication
    *As stated in Psychology Act of 2009
    **with supervision of registered psychologist
    Psychology Today
    •“
    • Like the pioneers, today’s psychologists are citizens of many
    lands. The International Union of Psychological Science has 71
    member nations, from Albania to Zimbabwe. Psychology is growing
    and it is globalizing. The story of psychology is being written in many
    places, with interests ranging from nerve cell activity to international
    conflicts.

    •”
    - Peter Gray
    LEARNING GOALS
    By the end of lecture, you would have gained insight into:

    1. Psychology: Definition & Goals


    2. Modern Approaches
    3. Historical Approaches
    4. Contemporary Psychology & its Profession
    5. Special Issues
    Early Discrimination
    i. ________
    WOMEN

    ii. ________
    MINORITIES

    iii. _________________
    RIGHTING THE WRONGS
    Women in Psychology
    THEN NOW
    • Mary Calkins • Women currently earn
    • Margaret Washburn more PhDs than men
    • Female psychologists
    earn less than male
    psychologists,
    • Fewer women are
    editors of psychology
    journals
    Minorities in Psychology

    THEN NOW
    • Inez Prosser • Psychology must continue to
    • George Sanchez focus on recruiting
    • 1920-1966: only 8 PhDs awarded to minorities and ensuring
    Blacks their academic and career
    • 1996: number of PhDs (Rabasca, 2000b) success (Maton et al., 2006).
    • African Americans: 168
    • Hispanics: 183
    • Native Americans: 23
    • Asians: 131
    • Whites: 2,939
    Rectifying History’s _________________
    WRONGS

    JOURNALS
    a. Establishing _________
    b. Sponsored __________
    PROGRAMS TO
    VISIT
    HIGHSCHOOLS
    c. ____________________
    TEACH
    MINORITY

    ____________
    STUDENTS
    ABOUT
    CAREERS IN
    PSYCHOLOGY
    Check Up: Learning Goals
    • By now, you would have gained insight into:
    1. Psychology: Definition & Goals
    2. Modern Approaches
    3. Historical Approaches
    4. Contemporary Psychology & its Profession
    5. Special Issues

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