1 The drawing shows a ground squirrel.

Which feature identifies this animal as a mammal?

A eye

B four limbs

C fur

D tail

2 The diagram shows how a seed changes after it is planted in soil and watered.

Which characteristics of living things are demonstrated by this sequence?

A excretion and growth

B growth and sensitivity

C nutrition and reproduction

D nutrition and sensitivity

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3 The diagram shows part of the classification of the animal kingdom with an example of each group.

animals

without backbones with backbones

(invertebrates) (vertebrates)

arthropods fish amphibians reptiles birds mammals

carp frog lizard parrot rat

crustaceans myriapods insects arachnids

crab centipede flea spider

Which pair of animals have the most recent common ancestor as suggested by the classification?

A centipede and carp

B flea and frog

C lizard and parrot

D spider and rat

4 The diagram shows a sample of material taken from an organism.

Which level of organisation does the sample show?

A cell

B organ

C organ system

D tissue

5 The length of a specimen in a photograph is 45 mm. Its actual length is 25 mm.

What is the magnification of the photograph?

A ×0.6 B ×1.6 C ×1.8 D ×1125

2
6 The diagram shows a section through a leaf.

Which arrow shows the direction of diffusion of carbon dioxide on a sunny day?

7 The diagram represents two liquids, separated by a membrane through which osmosis can occur.

membrane
left right
key

molecule of water

molecule of
dissolved sustance

Which statement describes how the molecules will move?

A Molecules of dissolved substance move from left to right.

B Molecules of dissolved substance move from right to left.

C Overall, water molecules move from left to right.

D Overall, water molecules move from right to left.

8 Which element is found in proteins but not carbohydrates?

A carbon

B hydrogen

C nitrogen

D oxygen

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9 Many enzymes do not work at temperatures above 60 °C.

Which statement explains this?

A Product molecules are not made because the active site has changed shape.

B Product molecules change shape so they do not fit the active site.

C Substrate molecules are moving too fast.

D Substrate molecules are moving too slowly.

10 Which substances are used for photosynthesis?

A carbon dioxide and glucose

B carbon dioxide and water

C glucose and oxygen

D glucose and water

11 Which term is defined as the taking of substances into the body through the mouth?

A absorption

B assimilation

C digestion

D ingestion

12 Which nutrient is deficient in the diet of a child with kwashiorkor?

A calcium

B iron

C protein

D vitamin

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 13. The diagram shows a tooth with signs of decay.

enamel

decay

What has made the hole in the enamel of the tooth?

A acid

B saliva

C sugar

D toothpaste

14 Which is a description of translocation?

A movement of amino acids and sucrose from sink to source

B movement of amino acids and sucrose from source to sink

C movement of water down a water potential gradient

D movement of water up a water potential gradient

15 Which is a function of the lymphatic system?

A deamination of amino acids

B production of lipase

C protection from infection

D transport of oxygen

16 A hospital patient who is feeling unwell is given a blood test.

The results of the blood test show a very low level of platelets.

What effect will this have?

A The blood will be unable to transport nutrients, hormones and carbon dioxide.

5
 B The blood will not be able to carry as much oxygen to the tissues as normal.

C There will be a greater risk of bleeding because the blood will take longer to clot.

D There will be a greater risk of infection because the blood cannot make antibodies.

17 What is a common feature of both active and passive immunity?

A They are acquired by vaccination.

B They are always short-term.

C They involve the activity of memory cells.

D They involve antibodies.

18 The graph shows the rate and depth of a person’s breathing before exercise.
2.5

volume of air in 2.0

the lungs during
breathing / dm3 1.5

1.0
0 4 8
time / s

Which graph shows the rate and depth of breathing of the same person immediately after a period of
exercise?

A B
2.5 2.5

volume of air in 2.0 volume of air in 2.0

the lungs during the lungs during
breathing / dm3 1.5 breathing / dm3 1.5

1.0 1.0
0 4 8 0 4 8
time / s time / s

C D
2.5 2.5

volume of air in 2.0 volume of air in 2.0

the lungs during the lungs during
breathing / dm3 1.5 breathing / dm3 1.5

1.0 1.0
0 4 8 0 4 8
6
time / s time / s

7
19. In an experiment, three glass bell jars were set up as shown in the diagram.

air from
bell jar the lungs

green
plant

P Q R
left in sunlight left open to the air breathed out by a
for 8 hours air for 8 hours student for 5 minutes

At the end of the experiment, which bell jar has the most oxygen and which has the least?

most oxygen least oxygen

A P Q
B P R
C Q P
D R P

20 What are the products of anaerobic respiration in muscles?

A ethanol and carbon dioxide

B ethanol only

C lactic acid and carbon dioxide

D lactic acid only

21 Which substance remains in the blood as it passes through the kidney?

A protein

B salts

C urea

D water

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 22 The diagram shows the mechanisms that control the concentration of glucose in the
blood. hormone X

gland W lowers glucose

concentration
rises

normal blood glucose concentration

falls
raises glucose
concentration gland Y

hormone Z

Which row identifies the glands and hormones labelled W, X, Y and Z?

gland W hormone X gland Y hormone Z

A adrenal gland adrenaline adrenal gland glucagon

B adrenal gland adrenaline pancreas insulin
C pancreas glucagon adrenal gland insulin
D pancreas insulin pancreas glucagon

23 Which row shows the effects of increased adrenaline release?

breathing rate pulse rate pupil

A decreases increases widens

B increases decreases widens
C increases increases narrows
D increases increases widens

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24 The graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis of a plant changes with light intensity, at three different
carbon dioxide concentrations. In each case the temperature is 15 °C.

0.10% carbon dioxide

X
rate of
0.04% carbon dioxide
photosynthesis
0.02% carbon dioxide

light intensity

10
What is the limiting factor for the rate of photosynthesis at point X on the graph?

A carbon dioxide concentration

B light intensity

C surface area of the plant

D temperature

25 What is an advantage of asexual reproduction for a population of flowering plants in the wild?

A A disease is less likely to affect the whole population.

B Large numbers of offspring can be produced quickly.

C Pollen can easily be transferred within the same flower.

D The offspring show genetic variety.

26 During sexual reproduction in plants, what will give rise to the greatest variation in the offspring?

A All of the flowers on the same plant have male and female reproductive organs.

B The anthers and stigmas on the same plant mature at the same time of year.

C There are separate male and female flowers on the same plant.

D There are separate male and female plants.

27 The diagram shows the head of a sperm.

What is the function of structure X?

A It carries genetic information.

B It controls the activities of the sperm cell.

C It is involved in the digestion of the ovum cell membrane.

D It provides energy for movement.

28 Which hormone is given to women undergoing fertility treatment?

A adrenaline

B FSH

C insulin

D oestrogen

29 The diagram represents the fusion of sperm and ovum at fertilisation.

ovum

fertilisation cell X

sperm
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 Which description of cell X is correct?

A diploid gamete

B diploid zygote

C haploid gamete

D haploid zygote

30 A cell with 16 chromosomes divides twice by mitosis.

How many chromosomes does each of the resulting cells contain?

A 4 B 8 C 16 D 32

31. A man of genotype IAIo and woman of genotype IBIo have a child.

What is the chance that the child will have the same blood group as one of its parents?

A zero B 1 in 4 C 1 in 2 D 3 in 4

32 Which human phenotype is affected by environmental and genetic factors?

A blood group

B body size

C gender

D tongue rolling

33 Which adaptation may be present in a xerophyte?

A leaves with small surface area and large numbers of stomata

B little or no xylem tissue and leaves with large surface area

C stomatal hairs and rolled leaves

D thin or no cuticle and deep roots

34 How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?

A Selection changes the characteristics of living things.

B Selection is based on genetic variation.

C Selection is not based on adaptation to their environment.

D Selection occurs over many generations.

35 The diagram shows the energy present in a food chain.

40 000 kJ 4000 kJ 400 kJ 40 kJ

photosynthesising → krill → herring → bass
12
 phytoplankton

What percentage of energy present in the producer is transferred to the secondary consumer?

A 0.01% B 0.1% C 1% D 10%

36 Which process results in the loss of nitrates from soils?

A deamination

B decomposition

C denitrification

D nitrification

37 During the exponential (log) phase of a sigmoid growth curve, which factor limits population growth?

A availability of food

B build-up of wastes

C presence of disease

D rate of reproduction

38 Genes are isolated from human DNA using ……1…… enzymes.

A bacterial plasmid is cut with the same enzyme forming ……2…… .

The human DNA is inserted into the bacterial plasmid using the enzyme ……3…… forming a

……4…… plasmid.

Which row correctly completes gaps 1, 2, 3 and 4?

1 2 3 4

A ligase sticky ends protease restriction

B recombinant new DNA ligase daughter
C restriction daughter plasmids ligase diploid
D restriction sticky ends ligase recombinant

39 How does cutting down trees contribute to the greenhouse effect?

A There will be less carbon dioxide absorbed.

B There will be less oxygen absorbed.

C There will be less shade from trees.

D The soil will become dry.

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40 Which graph shows the effect of pollution by untreated sewage on the amount of oxygen dissolved in a
river?

A B

dissolved dissolved
oxygen oxygen

distance downstream distance downstream

sewage enters sewage enters
the river the river

C D

dissolved dissolved
oxygen oxygen

distance downstream distance downstream

sewage enters sewage enters
the river the river

Essay

1 (a) Leaves play an important part in plant nutrition.

(i) Name the process plants use to make carbohydrates such as simple sugars.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State the word equation for this process.

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

2. Fig. 2.1 shows a plant growing in the dark.

The pot has fallen over and has been left on its side for a few days.

14
 Fig. 2.1

(a) Describe how lying on its side has affected the growth of the plant.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The stem of the plant in Fig. 2.1 is responding to an external stimulus.

(i) State the name of this stimulus.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State the name of this type of plant response.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

3. There are two types of cell division, meiosis and mitosis.

Cells produced by each type of division have different characteristics and functions.

Complete Table 7.1 by placing a tick in two of the boxes in each row to show the characteristics and
functions of the cells made by each type of cell division.

Tick only four boxes.

15
 Table 3.1

characteristics of cells uses

type of cell

division genetically genetically to produce for growth and

different similar gametes repair

meiosis

mitosis

[2]

4. The theory of natural selection explains how one species can gradually evolve into a new species.

The statements A to F describe six stages in the process of natural selection.

The stages are not in the correct order.

A competition for resources

B passing on of their alleles to the next generation

C production of many offspring

D reproduction by individuals that are better adapted to the environment than others

E struggle for survival

F variation within populations

(i) Arrange the stages in the correct order and then complete the flow chart by writing the letters in
the four empty boxes.

Two of the stages have been filled in for you.

 C   D

16
 [3]
(ii) Statement B mentions alleles. An allele is a version of a

gene. State one way new alleles are formed.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

5. (i) Describe two ways that the structure of a red blood cell differs from the structure of a white blood cell.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

[2]

(ii) Suggest why it is important for blood to form a clot if a blood vessel is cut.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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