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    Integrale PDF

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    Mihnea Vrabie
    This document provides information on indefinite integrals (primitives) including: 1. The definition of a primitive function F of f where F' = f. The integral is written as ∫f(x)dx = F(x) + c. 2. Properties of primitives including: the integral of a sum is the sum of integrals, the integral of a constant multiple is the constant times the integral. 3. A table listing common integrals and their primitive functions. The table includes integrals of polynomials, trigonometric functions, and rational functions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Integrale PDF

    Uploaded by

    Mihnea Vrabie
    57 views2 pages
    This document provides information on indefinite integrals (primitives) including: 1. The definition of a primitive function F of f where F' = f. The integral is written as ∫f(x)dx = F(x) + c. 2. Properties of primitives including: the integral of a sum is the sum of integrals, the integral of a constant multiple is the constant times the integral. 3. A table listing common integrals and their primitive functions. The table includes integrals of polynomials, trigonometric functions, and rational functions.

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    This document provides information on indefinite integrals (primitives) including: 1. The definition of a primitive function F of f where F' = f. The integral is written as ∫f(x)dx = F(x) + c. 2. Properties of primitives including: the integral of a sum is the sum of integrals, the integral of a constant multiple is the constant times the integral. 3. A table listing common integrals and their primitive functions. The table includes integrals of polynomials, trigonometric functions, and rational functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    57 views2 pages

    Integrale PDF

    Uploaded by

    Mihnea Vrabie
    This document provides information on indefinite integrals (primitives) including: 1. The definition of a primitive function F of f where F' = f. The integral is written as ∫f(x)dx = F(x) + c. 2. Properties of primitives including: the integral of a sum is the sum of integrals, the integral of a constant multiple is the constant times the integral. 3. A table listing common integrals and their primitive functions. The table includes integrals of polynomials, trigonometric functions, and rational functions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    com

    ANALIZĂ MATEMATICĂ
    V. Primitive
    (integrale nedefinite)
    DefiniŃia V.1. Fie funcŃia f:J→R, J – interval, F:J→R este primitiva lui f, dacã
    F este derivabilã pe J şi F’(x) = f(x), ∀x∈J.
    Se noteazã: ∫ f ( x)dx = F ( x) + c
    ProprietãŃi ale primitivelor:
    1. ∫ [ f1 ( x) + f 2 ( x)]dx = ∫ f1 ( x)dx + ∫ f 2 ( x)dx ;
    2. ∫ af ( x)dx = a ∫ f ( x)dx ;
    3. ∫ f ( x) g ' ( x)dx = f ( x) g ( x) − ∫ f ' ( x) g ( x)dx .

    V.1. Prima metodã de schimbare a variabilei


    Dacã ϕ :I→J, f:J→R,ϕ derivabilã pe I, f admite primitive (F), atunci
    ∫ f (ϕ (t )) ⋅ ϕ ' (t )dt = F o ϕ (t ) + c

    V.2. A doua metodã de schimbare a variabilei


    Dacã ϕ :I→J, f:J→R,ϕ bijectivã, derivabilã, cu derivata nenulã pe I,
    h = ( f o ϕ ) ⋅ ϕ ' admite primitive (H) atunci ∫ f ( x)dx = H o ϕ −1 ( x) + c .

    V.3. Tabel de primitive: (I – interval, I⊂R)


    x n+1
    ∫ x dx = + c, x ∈ R , n ∈ N ;
    n
    1.
    n +1
    α xα +1
    2. ∫ x dx = + c, x ∈ (0,+∞),α ∈ R \ {−1} ;
    α +1
    ax
    ∫ a dx = + c, x ∈ R, a > 0, a ≠ 1 ;
    x
    3.
    ln a
    dx
    4. ∫ = ln x + c, x ∈ I , I ⊂ R ;
    x
    1 1 x−a
    5. ∫ 2 dx = ln + c, x ∈ I , I ⊂ R \ {−a, a} ;
    x − a2 2a x + a
    1 1 x
    6. ∫ 2 dx = arctg + c, x ∈ R, a ≠ 0 ;
    x +a 2
    a a
    7. ∫ sin xdx = − cos x + c, x ∈ R ;

    73
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    8. ∫ cos xdx = sin x + c, x ∈ R ;


    1  π 
    9. ∫ dx = tgx + c , x ∈ I , I ⊂ R \ ( 2 k + 1) k ∈ Z ;
    cos 2 x  2 
    10. ∫ 2 dx = −ctgx + c, x ∈ I , I ⊂ R \ {kπ k ∈ Z };
    1
    sin x
     π 
    11. ∫ tgxdx = − ln cos x + c, x ∈ I , I ⊂ R \ (2k + 1) k ∈ Z  ;
     2 
    12. ∫ ctgxdx = ln sin x + c, x ∈ I , I ⊂ R \ {kπ k ∈ Z };

    13. ∫
    1
    x2 + a2
    ( )
    dx = ln x + x 2 + a 2 + c, x ∈ R ;

    1
    14. ∫ dx = ln x + x 2 − a 2 + c, x ∈ (a,+∞) sau x ∈ (−∞,−a ), a > 0 ;
    x2 − a2
    1 x
    15. ∫ dx = arcsin + c, x ∈ (−a, a ), a > 0
    a2 − x2 a

    V.4. Primitivele funcŃiilor raŃionale


    1
    1. ∫ (ax + b) n dx = (ax + b) n +1 + c, n ∈ N , n ≠ −1, a ≠ 0 ;
    (n + 1)a
    dx 1
    2. ∫ = ln(ax + b) + c, a ≠ 0 ;
    ax + b a

    dx 1
    3. ∫ =− + c, n ∈ N , n ≠ 1, a ≠ 0 ;
    (ax + b) n
    (n − 1)a (ax + b) n−1
    dx 1 x+b
    4. ∫ = ln + c, a ≠ b ;
    ( x + a )( x + b) a − b x + a
    dx 1 dx
    5. ∫ 2 = ∫ + c, unde ∆ = b 2 − 4ac, a ≠ 0 .
    ax + bx + c a  2 b  2
    ∆
    x +  −
     2a  4a
    SubstituŃiile lui Euler:
    1. ax 2 + bx + c = t ± x a , daca a > 0 ;
    2. ax 2 + bx + c = tx ± c , daca c > 0 ;
    3. ax 2 + bx + c = t ( x − x1 ), daca b 2 − 4ac > 0 si x1 este o rãdãcinã a ecuaŃiei
    ax2 + bx + c = 0.

    74

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