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    Visual Inspection of Weld Joints Welding and NDT

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    ALFA ENGINEERING
    Visual inspection of weld joints is an important and economical way to check for integrity and defects, though it requires an experienced inspector. The inspection should be done under adequate lighting and within 600mm of the surface. Inspectors check for defects and compliance with codes before, during, and after welding, and use tools as needed. Proper documentation is required throughout the inspection process.

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    Visual Inspection of Weld Joints Welding and NDT

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    ALFA ENGINEERING
    155 views7 pages
    Visual inspection of weld joints is an important and economical way to check for integrity and defects, though it requires an experienced inspector. The inspection should be done under adequate lighting and within 600mm of the surface. Inspectors check for defects and compliance with codes before, during, and after welding, and use tools as needed. Proper documentation is required throughout the inspection process.

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    Visual inspection of weld joints is an important and economical way to check for integrity and defects, though it requires an experienced inspector. The inspection should be done under adequate lighting and within 600mm of the surface. Inspectors check for defects and compliance with codes before, during, and after welding, and use tools as needed. Proper documentation is required throughout the inspection process.

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    155 views7 pages

    Visual Inspection of Weld Joints Welding and NDT

    Uploaded by

    ALFA ENGINEERING
    Visual inspection of weld joints is an important and economical way to check for integrity and defects, though it requires an experienced inspector. The inspection should be done under adequate lighting and within 600mm of the surface. Inspectors check for defects and compliance with codes before, during, and after welding, and use tools as needed. Proper documentation is required throughout the inspection process.

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    The key takeaways are that visual inspection is an important part of welding inspection to check for defects and ensure quality. It should be done by an experienced inspector under proper lighting conditions and using various tools.

    The three stages of visual inspection are before welding, during welding, and after welding.

    Defects that can be revealed by visual inspection include cracks, underfill, undercut, surface porosity, overlap, lack of side wall fusion, arc strikes, spatters, excessive penetration, and unacceptable weld profiles.

    Inspection of Weld Joints

    Visual examination of weld joint is an important activity, carried out to check


    the integrity and soundness of the weldment. It is an economical activity, as it
    doesn’t require any costly equipment. It must be carried out by a well
    experienced inspector. Main responsibilities of a welding inspector are:

     Code compliance

     Workmanship control

     Documentation Control

    The requirements of visual examination are:

    1. Illumination should be at least 350 Lux (minimum) but it is


    recommended to carry out visual inspection at an illumination of more than
    500 Lux.

    2. The inspectors eye should be within the radii of 600 mm of the surface
    of item being inspected and the viewing angle must not be less than 300.

    Other aids which may be required during visual examination are:

     Welding gauges (Figure 2a and 2b)

     Weld gap gauges

     Linear misalignment gauges (Hi-Low)

     Magnifying glass (X2 to X5)

     Mirrored boroscope or fibre optic viewing system (when access is


    restricted)
    Vi
    sual inspection can be done at three stages

     Before welding,

     During welding and

     After welding

    Before Welding: The inspector shall be familiarized with the applicable codes
    and standards/drawings/welding procedures (WPS and PQR). Welder
    qualification shall be carried out before production welding. The inspector
    shall confirm the material and review the MTC. Welding consumables shall
    also be inspected before welding. Joint preparation and alignment shall also
    to be checked prior to welding. After confirmation of all the parameters (as
    mentioned above), the welding inspector can permit the welder to start the
    production welding. If preheat is applicable, then the preheat temperature
    shall be confirmed before starting the weld.

    (Figure 3 shows improper groove face and root gap, a welding inspector must
    see the groove preparation and root gap before welding)

    During Welding: The inspector shall check the welding process and welding
    parameters with respect to the welding procedure specification (WPS) at any
    time during welding. Root run and root run dressing, interpass temperature
    shall be witnessed by the inspector. The welding consumables shall also be
    checked during welding.

    After welding: After complete welding, identification number is punched near


    joint. Complete visual inspection is done and any surface breaking or defect
    shall be repaired as per approved procedure. Following defects (or
    discontinuity) can be revealed by visual inspection:

     Crack

     Underfill
     Undercut

     Surface porosity

     Overlap

     Lack of side wall fusion

     Arc strike

     Spatters

     Excessive Penetration

     Unacceptable weld profiles

    [To know more about welding Defects, Please Click here]


    (Figure 4: Welding inspector checking the weld reinforcement size by a
    Bridge Cam welding Gauge)

    A dimensional survey shall be done to ensure the dimension of the part after
    welding. After satisfactory completion of welding proper documentation is
    prepared.

    If a Post weld treatment is specified in WPS, Then the operation should be


    monitored and documented. Following parameters to be considered when
    Post weld heat treatment is required,

    1. Area to be heated
    2. Heating and cooling rates

    3. Holding temperature and duration

    4. Temperature distribution

    In addition to visual inspection, a number of other NDT (Non Destructive Test)


    methods are available to check the quality of weldment, some of the most
    common NDT methods are;

    1. Radiography testing (RT)

    2. Ultrasonic testing (UT)

    3. Magnetic particle testing (MT)

    4. Liquid penetrant testing (PT)

    5. Electromagnetic testing (ET)

    6. Acoustic emission testing (AET)

    Each NDT methods has its own significance and importance for example
    Liquid penetrant testing is very efficient and economical for checking surface
    defects, whereas, with the help of Ultrasonic test and Radiography test, entire
    depth of the weld can be inspected.

    Selection of NDT methods depend on the requirements. Person engaged or


    assigned to carry out these tests must possess the necessary qualification. A
    written test procedure, format for reporting and the applicable code must also
    be decided before conducting the examination.

    568 0

    NS1

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