Louis Pasteur (: French

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Louis Pasteur (/ˈluːi pæˈstɜːr/, French: [lwi pastœʁ]; December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895)

was a French biologist, microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles
of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization. He is remembered for his remarkable
breakthroughs in the causes and prevention of diseases, and his discoveries have saved many
lives ever since. He reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and created the first vaccines for
rabies and anthrax.

His medical discoveries provided direct support for the germ theory of disease and its application
in clinical medicine. He is best known to the general public for his invention of the technique of
treating milk and wine to stop bacterial contamination, a process now called pasteurization. He is
regarded as one of the three main founders of bacteriology, together with Ferdinand Cohn and
Robert Koch, and is popularly known as the "father of microbiology".[4][5][6]

Pasteur was responsible for disproving the doctrine of spontaneous generation. He performed
experiments that showed that without contamination, microorganisms could not develop. Under
the auspices of the French Academy of Sciences, he demonstrated that in sterilized and sealed
flasks nothing ever developed, and in sterilized but open flasks microorganisms could grow.[7]
Although Pasteur was not the first to propose the germ theory, his experiments indicated its
correctness and convinced most of Europe that it was true.

Today, he is often regarded as one of the fathers of germ theory.[8] Pasteur made significant
discoveries in chemistry, most notably on the molecular basis for the asymmetry of certain
crystals and racemization. Early in his career, his investigation of tartaric acid resulted in the first
resolution of what is now called optical isomers. His work led the way to the current
understanding of a fundamental principle in the structure of organic compounds.

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