Introduction To Technical Analysis: Andrew Wilkinson
Introduction To Technical Analysis: Andrew Wilkinson
Introduction To Technical Analysis: Andrew Wilkinson
Andrew Wilkinson
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Risk Disclosure
Futures are not suitable for all investors. The amount you may lose may be greater than your
initial investment. Before trading futures, please read the CFTC Risk Disclosure. For a copy,
call (203) 618‐5800.
Any strategies discussed, including examples using actual securities and price data, are
strictly for illustrative and educational purposes only and are not to be construed as an
endorsement, recommendation or solicitation to buy or sell securities or commodities.
Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.
Interactive Brokers LLC is a member of NYSE, FINRA, SIPC.
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Technical versus Fundamental
Technical Fundamental
Analysis of internals Analysis of externals
Price Economy
Volume Management
Pattern SWOT
Support • Strengths
Resistance • Weakness
• Opportunities
Recognition
• Threats
Buy/ Sell recommendation
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Technical versus Fundamental
Fundamental analysis leads to price predictions using
valuation ratios
Technical analysis uses trend and pattern recognition to
predict prices
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What’s in a Chart?
Charts show the price performance of an underlying asset or
security
Get overview with at least a 6 month picture
Consider your timeframe carefully
Charts express prices as lines, bars or candlesticks
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Chart Types
Trader Work Station (TWS) displays prices as a:
Line
• Joins closing prices between each specified timeframe
Bar
• Uses an open/high/low/close convention
Candlestick
• More weight attached to session direction
Volume and Open Interest
• Analyst pays attention to the volume associated with move within a given session
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What’s the Aim?
Define the big picture trend – if there is one
Compare health of underlying to a benchmark
Search for shorter‐term opportunities
Understand the likelihood of immediate up or down movement
Define range
Establish entry or exit points
Determine warning signs of a breach of trend or a pattern reversal
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Trendlines
Straight line joining two or more price points
Support line depicts upward trend
Resistance depicts an area above current price that investors
may find hard to breach
Both can be horizontal lines
Investors may eyeball the trend
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Trendlines
A – 1450‐1250 = 200 target is 1250‐200 = 1050
B – 950 – 750 = 200 target is 750‐250 = 550
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S&P 500 index – overhead resistance
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Chart Patterns
Trendlines show prevailing up or down trend
Parallel lines depict ‘trading channel’
Patterns emerge
Continuation
Reversal
• Triangle
• Head & shoulders
• Wedge
• Pennant & flags
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Triangles
Continuation
Reversal
Continuation
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Wedge
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Pennants and Flags
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Studies
TWS has a variety of
commonly used technical
indicators
Within a chart, select
“Charts” and “Add Study”
For brief description of any
study, use the search box
on the IB website
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Moving Averages
One of the simplest forms of analysis
Compares average price for x days against a shorter period of y days
Buy when more sensitive shorter moving average rises faster than longer
period
Sell when shorter moving average falls faster than longer period
Different securities, indices and instruments require different length of
data (one size does not fit all)
Common periods are 5, 9, 21, 50, 90 and 200
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ADX/DMI
Strength of trend indicator
Uses two filters (DMI+ and DMI‐)
The net of these two values is smoothed to create Average
Directional Index
This index rises to confirm trending prices
ADX returns values 0‐100
Optimal performance when ADX is between 20‐40
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MACD
Moving Average Convergence Divergence
Employs exponential moving averages
Subtracts longer moving average from shorter moving average to
create MACD
Uses an even shorter exponential moving average to create ‘signal
line’
MACD passing up and down through signal line generates buy and sell
signals
MACD minus signal also creates histogram – also a reliable technical
indicator
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Parabolic SAR
Stop and Reverse
May depict the current “trend”
Initially established as a point at which prevailing position
should be closed
Rising dots below price are long exits
Falling dots above price are short exits
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Pivot Points
TWS creates two resistance points above price
Two support prices below price
Both use previous days high, low and closing prices
Pivot point is calculated using a five‐point system
Some traders use these to cluster buy and sell orders for day trading
Need to know when either is giving way
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Relative Strength Indicator (RSI)
Looks at a set of user‐defined data and compares number of up bars
versus down bars to create an index
Indicator oscillates between 0‐100 and confirms market strength
Overbought readings range between 80‐100
Oversold readings range 0‐20
Warning: Some of the best moves occur in these ranges!
Useful for finding divergence between price and RSI to show false moves
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Stochastic Oscillator
Creates two lines ‐ %k and %d
%k ‐ looks at most recent closing price and compares to the lowest
reading from a specified range and divides by overall period range
%d – moving average of %k
Buy and sell indications occur when %k crosses %d
Again useful for confirmation of price action at lows (highs)
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On Balance Volume
Volume is a key component to trend development
Creates a single line below the chart to show cumulative volume
allowing for price direction
Daily volume is ADDED when price closes up
Volume total is SUBTRACTED when prices fall
Use to gauge whether higher volume is supporting up or down trend
Drawback is price settlement
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Accumulate/Distribution
Enhanced version of OBV
Doesn’t consider daily price change
Focus on location of close relative to range of closes before adding or
subtracting day’s volume total
AD line should follow prices
Cumulative buying should see line rise
Selling en masse should see line decline
Looking for divergence between declining prices and accumulation of
volume
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Fibonacci Numbers
Series of mathematical relationships
Technician believes that history will repeat itself
Prices move in predictable waves after a move has been established
Key retracement points:
23.6%
38.2%
50%
61.8%
76.4%
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Fibonacci Numbers
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Conclusion
Technical analysis is the study of prices
Chartist identifies patterns to make predictions
Patterns can be numerically evaluated and give rise to
numerous studies
Valuable work, but you must be prepared to apply various
studies to different asset classes and time frames
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Questions?
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