The document provides 4 examples of Python classes: a Coordinate class that stores x and y values and calculates distances, a Fraction class that represents fractions and allows addition/subtraction of fractions, an intSet class that represents a set of integers using a list, and an implementation of the Newton-Raphson method for finding roots of functions using symbolic math operations in Python.
The document provides 4 examples of Python classes: a Coordinate class that stores x and y values and calculates distances, a Fraction class that represents fractions and allows addition/subtraction of fractions, an intSet class that represents a set of integers using a list, and an implementation of the Newton-Raphson method for finding roots of functions using symbolic math operations in Python.
The document provides 4 examples of Python classes: a Coordinate class that stores x and y values and calculates distances, a Fraction class that represents fractions and allows addition/subtraction of fractions, an intSet class that represents a set of integers using a list, and an implementation of the Newton-Raphson method for finding roots of functions using symbolic math operations in Python.
The document provides 4 examples of Python classes: a Coordinate class that stores x and y values and calculates distances, a Fraction class that represents fractions and allows addition/subtraction of fractions, an intSet class that represents a set of integers using a list, and an implementation of the Newton-Raphson method for finding roots of functions using symbolic math operations in Python.
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#################
## EXAMPLE: simple Coordinate class
################# class Coordinate(object): """ A coordinate made up of an x and y value """ def __init__(self, x, y): """ Sets the x and y values """ self.x = x self.y = y def __str__(self): """ Returns a string representation of self """ return "<" + str(self.x) + "," + str(self.y) + ">" def distance(self, other): """ Returns the euclidean distance between two points """ x_diff_sq = (self.x-other.x)**2 y_diff_sq = (self.y-other.y)**2 return (x_diff_sq + y_diff_sq)**0.5
################# ## EXAMPLE: simple class to represent fractions ## Try adding more built-in operations like multiply, divide ### Try adding a reduce method to reduce the fraction (use gcd) ################# class Fraction(object): """ A number represented as a fraction """ def __init__(self, num, denom): """ num and denom are integers """ assert type(num) == int and type(denom) == int, "ints not used" self.num = num self.denom = denom def __str__(self): """ Retunrs a string representation of self """ return str(self.num) + "/" + str(self.denom) def __add__(self, other): """ Returns a new fraction representing the addition """ top = self.num*other.denom + self.denom*other.num bott = self.denom*other.denom return Fraction(top, bott) def __sub__(self, other): """ Returns a new fraction representing the subtraction """ top = self.num*other.denom - self.denom*other.num bott = self.denom*other.denom return Fraction(top, bott) def __float__(self): """ Returns a float value of the fraction """ return self.num/self.denom def inverse(self): """ Returns a new fraction representing 1/self """ return Fraction(self.denom, self.num)
a = Fraction(1,4) b = Fraction(3,4) c = a + b # c is a Fraction object print(c) print(float(c)) print(Fraction.__float__(c)) print(float(b.inverse())) ##c = Fraction(3.14, 2.7) # assertion error ##print a*b # error, did not define how to multiply two Fraction objects 16/16
1.0
1.0
1.3333333333333333
############## ## 3.EXAMPLE: a set of integers as class ############## class intSet(object): """ An intSet is a set of integers The value is represented by a list of ints, self.vals Each int in the set occurs in self.vals exactly once """ def __init__(self): """ Create an empty set of integers """ self.vals = []
def insert(self, e):
""" Assumes e is an integer and inserts e into self """ if not e in self.vals: self.vals.append(e)
def member(self, e):
""" Assumes e is an integer Returns True if e is in self, and False otherwise """ return e in self.vals
def remove(self, e):
""" Assumes e is an integer and removes e from self Raises ValueError if e is not in self """ try: self.vals.remove(e) except: raise ValueError(str(e) + ' not found')
def __str__(self): """ Returns a string representation of self """ self.vals.sort() return '{' + ','.join([str(e) for e in self.vals]) + '}'
s = intSet() print(s) s.insert(3) s.insert(4) s.insert(3) print(s) s.member(3) s.member(5) s.insert(6) print(s) #s.remove(7) # leads to an error s.remove(3) print(s)
{} {3,4} {3,4,6} {4,6}
############## ## 4.EXAMPLE: Symbolic Python example (newton Raphson method)
