NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY, GANDHINAGAR

/2009

Golden Ratio in Human

Development and Heartbeat
And in Fractals and Murals.

SUBMITTED BY : Mehak Jain

DEPARTMENT : Fashion Programme Technology

SEMESTER : 1 ROLL NO. 7

SUBMITTED TO: Mr. Piyush Goghari

 CONTENTS
1. SACRED GEOMETRY
2. THE GOLDEN RATIO AND FIBONACCI
SERIES
3. HOW IS THE GOLDEN RATIO
RELATED TO FIBONACCI SERIES?
4. IS THERE A COMMON FACTOR IN
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE?
5. FIBONACCI NUMBERS DEFINE KEY
POINTS IN HUMAN AGEING
6. THE HUMAN HEARTBEAT
7. GOLDEN RATIO IN BODY
TEMPERATURE
8. GOLDEN RATIO IN FRACTALS
9. MASONIC MURAL BASED ON
GOLDEN PROPORTION
10. CONCLUSION
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Sacred Geometry
Sacred means something that is symbolic of a transcendent truth, and worthy
of study, contemplation, and veneration. When referred to Sacred Geometry, it
is about geometry that is derived from or directly related to the structure of
nature. Structural forms seen at the microscopic level are repeated at other
scales, and the laws of fractional symmetry appear to apply throughout. So,
geometry that refers to the structural unity of nature is a powerful metaphor
for the mystery of life, and thus sacred. One of the best examples of Sacred
Geometry are forms based on the Golden Ratio.

The Golden Ratio

Knowledge of the Golden Section, ratio, or proportion has been known for a
very long time. The Egyptians knew about it and the Greeks learned about it
from them. It is called phi, Φ, in honor of Phideas, the architect of the
Parthenon, and is approximated by the irrational fraction 0.618034... Shamans,
priests, and artists throughout the world and across history have understood
and applied Φ to ritual, architecture, art, and the crafting of musical
instruments and everyday objects.
 FIBONACCI SERIES
Fibonacci Numbers are directly and intricately related to another very special
math formula that is found all throughout life and the physical universe. This is
the Golden Ratio or “Phi” (as it is more commonly known). It is an irrational
number who’s decimal place is never-ending, non-repeating and goes on
forever and it looks like this:

1.6180339887498948482045868343656381177203091798057………to infinity

Although, for the most part scientists and academics alike have rounded it off
to five decimal places. So, for all intensive purposes the Golden Ratio (or Phi) is
1.61803.

The Fibonacci series :

How is the Golden Ratio related to Fibonacci
numbers?
If we were to divide each consecutive Fibonacci number, instead of adding.
We find the results gradually converge on The Golden Ratio.

The line in the chart below, represents the Golden ratio 1.61803. The dots
represent the results of dividing two consecutive Fibonacci numbers. The
results gradually converge closer and closer to the Golden Ratio. The reason
the result do not equal the Golden Ratio is because it is an irrational number
(decimal goes on forever).
Is there a common factor in the Fibonacci
Sequence?
It was discovered in the 1960’s that the Periodic Table of Elements (building
blocks of everything) are numerical structured based on the number “19”. The
Golden Ratio (& Fibonacci Numbers) relates to growth and creation of life and
physical structures in our universe. In other words, the elements are the
building blocks of all things and the Golden Ratio/Fibonacci Numbers is how
these blocks come together.

Order Fibonacci Numbers Divide

By 19 Results
1 0 0.0
2 1 0.1
3 1 0.1
4 2 0.1
5 3 0.2
6 5 0.3
7 8 0.4
8 13 0.7
9 21 1.1
10 34 1.8
11 55 2.9
12 89 4.7
13 144 7.6
14 233 12.3
15 377 19.8
16 610 32.1
17 987 51.9
18 1597 84.1
19 2584 136.0
20 4181 220.1
21 6765 356.1
22 10946 576.1
23 17711 932.2
24 28657 1508.3
25 46368 2440.4
26 75025 3948.7
27 121393 6389.1
28 196418 10337.8
 29 317811 16726.9
30 514229 27064.7
31 832040 43791.6
32 1346269 70856.3
33 2178309 114647.8
34 3524578 185504.1
35 5702887 300151.9
36 9227465 485656.1
37 14930352 785808.0
38 24157817 1271464.1
39 39088169 2057272.1
40 63245986 3328736.1
41 102334155 5386008.2
42 165580141 8714744.3
43 267914296 14100752.4
44 433494437 22815496.7
45 701408733 36916249.1
46 1134903170 59731745.8
47 1836311903 96647994.9
48 2971215073 156379740.7
49 4807526976 253027735.6
50 7778742049 409407476.3

Clearly, 19 was not the Common Denominator of the Fibonacci Sequence.

However, the 19th Fibonacci Sequence (2584) was divisible by 19 and the digits
(2+5+8+4) also equal 19.
 Fibonacci numbers define key points in
human ageing and develpopment

Fibonacci numbers mark key points in the human aging and development
process, as illustrated in the following table , based on insights provided by
Norman S. Rose, Ph.D.

Human Development
Key Attributes
Age Stage
0 Gestation Conception
1 Newborn Birth
1 Infant Walking, vocalizing
2 Toddler Talking, expressing, imitating
3 Toddler Self image and control, toilet training
5 Early child Formal education begins
8 Mid child Age of reason, knowing of right and wrong
13 Adolescent Thinking, puberty, sexual maturation and drive
Full physical growth, adult in society, education
21 Young adult complete, beginning career, financial responsibility, 
eligible for voting
34 Mid adult Refinement of adult skills, parenting role
Fulfillment of adult skills, serving, retirement begins
55 Elder adult with eligibility for Medicare, Social Security and
AARP
89 Completion Insight and wisdom into life
 The Human Heartbeat

A peaceful heartbeat is said by some to beat in a Phi

rhythm

The prominent parts of an electrocardiogram (ECG) are the P wave, a

deflection caused by the current originating in the atrium; the QRS complex,
showing the passage of the electrical activity into the ventricles; and the T
wave, as the ventricles reset themselves.  The electrocardiograms (ECG) of
human heartbeats vary considerably depending on a variety of factors.

Heartbeat2000 seeks to study the relationships between the physical heart

and the spiritual heart, that is the soul, of human beings.  The views presented
there suggest that a heartbeat that produces a phi relationship in the T point
of the ECG represents a state of being , that is, one of health, peace and
harmony.

While this is an area that still needs research and scientific corroboration, it is
an interesting perspective on another potential appearance of phi in life.
When looking at an electrocardiogram (ECG), it is said by some that a
heartbeat at rest beats in a Golden Ratio rhythm.

ECG's show a resemblance to the Fibonacci Convergence

As explained on the Fibonacci Series page, the ratio of each successive pair of
numbers in the Fibonacci series (0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, . . .)
converges on phi (1.618. . .) as you go higher in the series.

The first numbers in the series give an approximation of phi. 

For example:
 

1 / 0 = ∞
1 / 1 = 1
2 / 1 = 2
3 / 2 = 1.5
5 / 3 = 1.666..
8 / 5 = 1.6
13 / 8 = 1.625
Curiously, if you graph these approximations of phi in the series above you get
the chart below, the first part of which bears a similarity to the ECG pattern of
the human heartbeat.
 

The extraction and identification of ECG (electrocardiogram) signal

characteristic parameters are the basis of ECG analysis and diagnosis. The fast
and precise detection of QRS complexes is very important in ECG signal
analysis, for it is the precondition of the correlative parameters calculation
and diagnosis. The modulus maxima of wavelet transform was applied to the
QRS complexes detection of ECG signal firstly. Once misdetections or fail-
detections happen, we used the Golden Section Search to adjust the
thresholds of maxima determination. The correct detection rate of the QRS
complexes is up to 99.6%.

Golden Section Search calculates simply. It can be used to adjust the detection
thresholds which play a major role in detection different ECG signals, thereby
improving the accuracy rate.
 Golden section search
The golden section search is a technique for finding the extremum (minimum
or maximum) of a unimodal function by successively narrowing the range of
values inside which the extremum is known to exist. The technique derives its
name from the fact that the algorithm maintains the function values for triples
of points whose distances form a golden ratio.

Fig. 1: Diagram of a Golden Selection Search

 The diagram illustrates a single step in the technique for finding a

minimum. The functional values of f(x) are on the vertical axis, and the
horizontal axis is the x parameter.
 The value of f(x) has already been evaluated at the three points: x1, x2,
and x3. Since f2 is smaller than either f1 or f3, it is clear that a minimum
lies inside the interval from x1 to x3.
 The next step in the minimization process is to "probe" the function by
evaluating it at a new value of x, namely x4. It is most efficient to choose
x4 somewhere inside the largest interval, i.e. between x2 and x3.
 From the diagram, it is clear that if the function yields f4a then a
minimum lies between x1 and x4 and the new triplet of points will be x1,
x2, and x4.
  However, if the function yields the value f4b then a minimum lies
between x2 and x3, and the new triplet of points will be x2, x4, and x3.
Thus, in either case, we can construct a new narrower search interval
that is guaranteed to contain the function's minimum.

When applied the golden section search, the continuity and differentiability of
the function are not required. And it isn't necessary to write the analytical
expression of the function. We only need to find the corresponding function
values of the chosen insertion points. The golden section search has a broad
scope to be applied in.

Fig 2: Decomposition of ECG signal at different scales

 Golden ratio in body temperatures
Body temperatures and sterilization points fall near the phi (Golden Ratio)
points between freezing and boiling.

Body temperatures vary, even within humans. The body temperatures of

mammals range from around 97° to over 103° Fahrenheit. Birds have average
temperatures of around 105° Fahrenheit.

The phi (Golden Ratio) point between the freezing temperature (32° F) and the
boiling temperature (212° F) of water is 100.8° F, or 38.2° Centigrade.

Take the phi (Golden Ratio) point from the other end of the scale of
temperature and you arrive at 143°, which is about the temperature required
to kill bacteria. (Generally rounded and stated as 140° in most literature.)

If you take the phi (Golden Ratio) point of 37 degrees centigrade, which is the
average human body temperature, you get 23 degrees centigrade or 73
degrees Fahrenheit, a "room" temperature that many would consider to be
just about perfect for indoor comfort and outdoor enjoyment.

Water has a very unusual property in that it reaches maximum density in the
liquid state at 4° C, instead of in the solid state. This allows ice to float, which is
vital to sustaining life beneath its surface in cold climates. If this critical
temperature is regarded instead of 0° C, we find that the phi (Golden Ratio)
point is 105.2° F, and this defines the upper end of body temperatures. Thus
even key temperatures for body heat and comfort reflect the phi (Golden
Ratio)

Golden ratio in fractals

Fractals are one of the most interesting puzzles of mathematics. They are
made by a simple formula, yet they have such beautiful and complex designs

Fractal patterns in nature

Masonic Mural In California Grand Lodge
based on Golden Proportion
 Conclusion

The world to many seems to be a world of chaos, disorder, confusion, and above all,
randomness. Indeed, the world has seemed this way for hundreds of thousands of years, the
apparent randomness causing a catalyst for mankind to improve on what it was given. From
naturally-growing wood we constructed houses, from stone we constructed forts, from
petroleum we made plastic.

All of evolution, all of history, can be summarized as an attempt by mankind to insulate

itself from the harsh randomness of the outside world, an attempt to ensure the survival of the
species by improvisation using our minds. What a comfort then it must have been to
Leonardo Pisano, Sir Isaac Newton, and other brilliant mathematicians to discover the
underlying order in the universe, the one thing that bonds all random events together, from
weather to erosion to growth and even life itself. As Dr. Stephen Marquardt so wisely stated,
"All life is biology.  All biology is physiology.  All physiology is chemistry.  All chemistry is
physics.  All physics is math."(Marquardt, 2001) Math is indeed the underlying order of the
universe, and the Fibonacci sequence and Phi are indeed some of the most fascinating
discoveries made in the mathematical world since the time of Archimedes.
 Bibliography

 www.dostoc.com
 goldennumber.net
 people.hws.edu
 www.miqel.com