1

2006 IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition Latin America, Venezuela

Evolution of Control and Supervision Systems

of Regional Transmission of CVG EDELCA’s
Substations
H. M. Salazar, and L. A. Paredes.

functional improvements of the numerical control systems in

the Regional Transmission substations to 400 kV.
of the modernization process of control and supervision systems This work shows the most important characteristics of this
of the Regional Transmission Substations of 400 kV of CVG modernization process, among which there are: hardware,
EDELCA, from the application of conventional control and
software, integration of functions, reduction of the amount of
supervision systems (remote terminal units) to the application of
numerical control systems; comparing the most important communications protocols, and enabling communication with
aspects from the point of view of operation and maintenance. two or more distant control centers simultaneously, facilitating
maintenance and offering continuous operation.

Index Term-- Control – Conventional – Numerical – Remote - II. DESCRIPTION OF CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS
Substation – Supervision – System – Transmission. APPLIED IN REGIONAL TRANSMISSION SUBSTATIONS TO 400
KV.

I. INTRODUCTION C.V.G. EDELCA’s division of Regional Transmission

within its energy transportation process has control and
T HE Regional Transmission Division is in charge of the
operation and maintenance of C.V.G. EDELCA’s
Substations in its regional area (Guayana Region), including
supervision systems (CSS) in all its substations, which allows
it to optimize this process. The systems implemented in the
oldest substations are conventional CSS ones, whilst the
the Distribution Yards of its three Hydro electrical Plants: substations most recently built have numerical technology
Guri, Macagua y Caruachi, and important substations with CSS ones.
voltage levels of 400,230 and 115 kV.
The control and supervision systems located in the different A. Conventional Control and Supervision Systems.
C.V.G. EDELCA’s substations, allow the acquisition of data Guri “A”, Guri “B”, Guayana “B” and Macagua II
that feed EDELCA’s Central Control System (Sistema Centro substations, are the ones with 400 kV levels that have
de Control EDELCA.SCCE), so that operations personnel can conventional CSS, based in remote terminal units (RTU).
perform a permanent supervision of the power system of the 1) Remote Terminal Units with obsolete technology.
company. Likewise, the opening and closing commands of The RTUs installed in Guri “A”, Guri “B”, Guayana “B”
equipment handled in the different substations whenever and Macagua II substations, during the installation of its
necessary. control and supervision systems, have functions that allow to
The Regional Transmission Substations with voltage levels supervise the analogical values of the different circuits, the
of 400 kV are Guri “A”, Guri “B”, Macagua II, Guayana “B”, supervision of the position and alarms of the power equipment
Palital and Caruachi. The control and supervision systems (circuit breakers, disconnectors, transforming) and to exert
installed in these substations are conventional in some cases, their control, thus carrying out the requirements and technical
and have numerical control in others. specifications of the moment, according to the needs of CVG
C.V.G EDELCA’s goal is to give a service of electric EDELCA’s Power System, and based on the market’s leading
energy supply with quality, safe and trustworthy, and it technology offered at more ago than twenty years (Integrated
therefore carries out a continuous modernization process of Circuits TTL, CMOS, Microprocessor INTEL8088 among
the conventional control and supervision systems as well as others). These UTR are mark TRW model ALERT and marks
to SYSTEM NORTHWEST (SNW) S8000 model, of which
UTR SNW; it is the used model more. The SNW RTU is
H.M. Salazar is with the Department of Regional Transmission’s
Protection, Supervision and Control, at CVG EDELCA, Guayana City,
formed by a central processor, with capacity of processing of 8
Venezuela (e-mail: hisalazar@edelca.com.ve). bits, a power supply that provides all DC voltage levels that
L.A. Paredes is with the Department of Regional Transmission’s the cards need; a MODEM that allows communication with a
Protection, Supervision and Control, at CVG EDELCA, Guayana City,
Venezuela (e-mail: luisparedes@edelca.com.ve).
remote control center via microwaves at 1200bps; a maximum
of 16 cards with 8 analogical entries each, an
1-4244-0288-3/06/$20.00 ©2006 IEEE
 2

analogical/digital converter that processes all signals coming communication protocol, 32 bits processing capacity, multiple
from the analogical modules, a maximum of 30 cards with 10 serial canals, data base storage in RAM Non-volatile memory,
digital entries, and a maximum of 16 cards with 10 control allowing the configuration of data base through a computer,
output. and has advanced diagnostic capacity, using the maintenance
The structure of the RTUs with obsolete technology is port RS232 at 9600 bps called WESMAINT.
made up by the union of several card files of 19” wide with a The Remote Terminal Unit WESDAC D20, is made up of a
capacity of 16 cards each. The main card file holds the power D20M++/ME processor, with a microprocessor of
supply, the processor, the MODEM, the digital analogical 16MHz/40MHz (MC68020/ MC68030), a MODEM for each
converter, and the first analogical cards; the rest of the cards Control Center link, a commuted power supply for the
are placed in secondary card files. The physical processor and the peripherals, and allows the use of
communication among all the cards takes place through flat complementary power supplies if necessary. These RTUs can
cables that allow their connection to the bus of the central have up to 120 peripherals, that have 8 bits microprocessors
processor. In Fig 1 there is a general scheme of these remote and a maintenance port at 9600 bps called PROMAINT. The
terminal units. four types of peripherals chosen to be implemented in the CSS
of Regional Transmission are: D20S status modules with 64
SCCE entries, D20A analogical modules with 32 DC entries, D20K
Via General Diagram RTU SNW. control modules with 32 output and D20AC that have 6
microwaves
DIGITALS 10 Digital Entries S alternating current entries and 6 alternating voltage entries, for
MODEM (30 cards maximum ) by card U
B the complete supervision of two (2) three-phase circuits by
S

A/D ANALOGICAL
8 Analogical T module without requiring of external transducers AC/DC. In
PROCESSOR Entries A
CONVERTER (16 cards maximum ) by card T Fig. 2, the scheme of configuration of the RTU WESDAC
I

Power CONTROL 10 Control Outputs

O D20 can be observed
N
Supply (16 cards maximum ) by card

WESDAC D20 RTU CONFIGURATION.

Fig. 1. General Diagram SNW Remote Terminal Unit
Master Expansion 64 Status Entries
Station D20S Status
Bus VME by D20S
Taking into consideration the amount of service time that WESDAC
PROMAINT
WESDAC
these equipments have had, the frequency of interventions due D20 Modem D20M++ D20A 32 Analogical
to failures caused by external conditions and the wear and tear DC Analogical Entries by D20A
Maintenance
of the components, mainly in the power supply, that has Port
PROMAINT
(WESMAINT)
increased progressively, due to this the spare parts available in D20K Control
32 Control
Outputs by D20K
stock have run out. On the other hand, these equipments have AC/DC Power Supply
Entries Wesdac D20 PROMAINT
disappeared from the market, making it impossible to obtain 6 Current
D20AC
any spare parts, in addition to which in some cases its Supply Bus AC Analogical Entries/
6 Voltage Entries
maximum capacity of supervision by design has been reached. 20-60VDC Maintenance Port
(PROMAINT)
by D20AC
The repair of the cards that form these RTUs is an option that D.20 Link 250 Kbps
HDLC RS485
has been carried out from the start in CVG EDELCA; but as
time wears on, taking into consideration the amount of repairs Fig. 2. WESDAC D20 RTU Configuration
that have been performed, the trust in these cards has
diminished. Communication among peripherals and D20M++/ME takes
In view of this situation and together with the technological place through 2 HDLC links at 250Kbps, which use the
progress that is being offered by the market in this area, a standard RS485 media. Peripherals have two parts: the
modernization process of the CSS has been initiated, WESDAC that takes care of the acquisition of data and
according to the needs of CVG EDELCA’s Power System, control, and the WESTERM where the terminals are. These
such as: increasing the supervision of digital and analogical two parts form kit.
points, exert control over a greater number of power The module WESDAC D20M++/ME acts like a central
equipment, among others. processor and like data concentrator, since it collects all the
In 2005, the obtaining of new remote terminal units with incoming information from the peripherals, it executes the
leading technology for Regional Transmission Substations processing of this information, does the addressing of the
with conventional CSS was materialized. The equipment equipment and the control of the system. It has seven
provided corresponds to WESDAC D20 remote terminal unit, programmable ports RS232 to communicate with external
made by General Electric Energy Services (GE ES) company equipment, including master stations and/or peripherals made
and provided by its representative in Venezuela, the company by other companies, and moreover there is an eighth serial
TELETROL, S.A. interface reserved as a maintenance port.
2) Remote Terminal Unit WESDAC D20. Through the maintenance port the user can access to the
The WESDAC D20 Systems have a distributive processing resident maintenance program in the D20M++/ME, in order to
philosophy, high speed communication link, Bytes oriented visualize the data, monitor the communications in real time,
 3

have the tools detection of problems, among others. From the WESDAC D20 System will be used in Guayana "B"
D20M++/ME maintenance port, called WESMAINT it’s Substation, where there is a Local Control Center in
possible to access all the RTU, while the maintenance port of addition to the connection required with the SCCE.
the peripheral PROMAINT allows the same functions at each 2) Its open architecture allows to add modules when and
corresponding peripheral. where they are required, and to provide parallel,
The configuration program "Config Pro" allows to define distributed and real time processing, increasing the
the UTR (hardware, communications, applications, type and flexibility of the configuration.
amount of information), to capture and send configurations, 3) The maintenance is simplified thanks to the modular
compile configurations and generate the documentation of the design of the peripheral ones. All the peripheral ones
system. have frontal access, where there are terminals that receive
3) Observations of the modernization process of the yard signals and the LED's of indication of these signals.
conventional CSS. 4) In case of the failure of a peripheral, it can simply be
Doubtlessly the WESDAC D20 remote terminal units that substituted by a spare part and the processor
are installed in the Regional Transmission substations with D20M++/ME will recognize and will configure it
automatically so that it will operate normally.
conventional control and supervision systems represent a
The substitution process of the RTUs in the Regional
significant technological leap in comparison with the RTUs
Transmission substations is carried out since 2005; beginning
that are being replaced. Among the more important
with Macagua II Substation RTU and it is expected finish in
differences there are:
2007.
1) The RTUs with obsolete technology have Bits oriented
communication protocols, such as the TRW9550 used by B. Numeric Control System (NCS).
RTU ALERT and the GETAC used by RTU SNW; whilst The Palital 400/115 kV and Caruachi 400 kV substations,
the D20M++/ME has Bytes oriented communication integrate the group of substations in which the Division of
protocol represented by the DNP3.0. In addition, if in the Regional Transmission of CVG EDELCA has projected and
future some change or implementation of another implemented NCSs, taking advantage of the technological
communication protocol is required, only the advances and the benefits that these systems offer; thus
corresponding application of these RTUs will have to be covering the current needs of the clients to obtain more
acquired from the manufacturer and included it in the volume of information, the means of performing operations in
Firmware of these equipments. different levels of supervision and obtaining a constant
2) The RTUs that are being replaced have limitations of availability of the systems that they supervise.
digital, analogical and control points based on the The NCSs installed in these substations were made by Asea
maximum number of cards of each type per UTR. Whilst Brown Boveri (ABB), who together with CVG EDELCA’s
the WESDAC D20 system has as a limitation for its personnel made the installation, tests and put into service of
configuration that the maximum number of peripherals is these systems.
120; and the amount of points of each type will be 1) Control and Supervisión System of Palital 400/115 kV
Substation.
proportional to the number of modules of each type that
Palital Substation is formed this way: (1) a maneuvers
are formed, which represents a significant flexibility.
switchyard of 400 kV having double scheme busbars with four
3) The configuration of the RTUs with obsolete technology
(4) bays of a circuit breakers and a half, two arrival lines from
takes place through micro circuit breakers in each one of
Guri “A” and Guayana “B” Substations, two exit lines towards
the cards; whilst the WESDAC D20 has a configuration
the Furrial Substation of CVG EDELCA and two exit lines
program where all the characteristics and the data base of
towards Autotransformadores (AT) of 400/115 kV; A (1)
each RTU is defined, which adds flexibility for its
switchyards of 115 kV, arranged in scheme of double game of
configuration.
bars and shaped by six (6) cells distributed the following way:
4) The supervision of the analogical signals in the RTUs that
two (2) cells for the arrival of lines from the AT of 400/115
are being replaced is made through transducers. With the
kV of the switchyards of 400 kV, one (1) coupler of bars, and
peripheral WESDAC D20AC, it is not necessary to use
three (3) exit lines, two (2) towards the Cerro Negro
transducers; because these modules accept the values of
Substation 115/34,5kV of C.V.G. EDELCA and one (1)
voltage and current to the secondary level of the output of
towards the Woods Industries located in the same area.
the transforming of voltage and current, allowing the
In Palital 400/115 kV Substation, is implemented a system
elimination of obsolete transducers as well as a possible
based on the SPIDER™ MicroSCADA™ V8.2.2 of ABB, its
point of fault.
configuration is in Fig. 3. This system is composed as
During the implementation of remote terminal units
follows:
WESDAC D20 in the Regional Transmission CSS some
1) Level of control and supervision (SCS) integrated by two
benefits that these remotes can offer, were observed
industrial computers, in which the different applications
enumerated as follows: that compose the MicroSCADA system are found.
1) The heart of these RTUs is the D20M++/ME, which MicroSCADA is a programmable and distributed system
allows the simultaneous communication with more than of supervision, control and data acquisition (SCADA)
one a Remote Control Center. This quality of the based on microcomputers. These computers are called
 4

Bases Systems and are these who offer the human

machine interface (HMI) and the function of protocol SCCE
converter (GATEWAY), for communication between the
substation and the SCCE. As user interface, it allows the
operator to have at any moment complete information of SCS
the state of the substation. On the other hand, the Bases HMI
Systems operate in a Hot-Stanby way; for which they GATEWAY

have, each one of them, a supervision system that is in

DNP 3.0
charge of verifying its operation and setting the standards RP571
Protocol PROTOCOL
to indicate which system must be active. The computers Protocols
COM581_1 COM581_2
are connected to each other through a network LAN, to Converters

which some peripherals such as printers of events and Star Couplers

(Inter Bays Bus
miscellaneous are also connected. MVB (IEC1375) Administrators)
Protocol
2) The second level, is where the internal communications of RER581_1 RER581_2

the system is handled, it’s shaped by two converters of

protocols or communicators COM581 and two star
couplers RER581 of ABB. In Fig. 3, it is possible to see
that the Base Systems are connected to the COM581_1 Main M
P P
M M
P
and COM581_2; they are in charge of turning from the
MVB (IEC1375) protocol, used by the numerical relays to Secondary S S S

yard level, to the protocol RP571 for the communication

Numerical Control and Protection Reles
with the Base Systems. The configuration of the
Substation is divided in two switchyards; by means of
YARD
every COM581 the relays of every switchyard
communicate towards the Base Systems; that is through
the COM581_1 the relays of the switchyard of 400 kV
communicate with the Base Systems and by the
COM581_2 the relays of the switchyard of 115 kV. The
process of communication is carried out through the stars Fig. 3. Configuration of the Numeric Control System of the Palital 400/115
couplers RER581_1 and RER581_2 in the same order. kV Substation.
The stars couplers fulfill the function of "Interbays bus
administrators", with which the control relays can REC580 relays installed in this Substation integrate a
interchange information such as the indication of position variety of functions such as: User interface, with capacity to
of circuit breakers and disconnectors, used for the effect operations in local way, visualization of single-line
interlocking functions and double operation interlock diagram of the bay, visualization of alarms and events lists,
among bays; to these stars couplers all the equipment of and visualization of measurements pages; synchrocheck
supervision, control and protection installed in the circuit functions, interlocking functions and logics of selection of
breakers yard are connected, such as: the control relays voltage for energization functions and verification of
REC580, protections relays of line REL316*4, protection synchronism.
relays of busbars REB500, voltage regulation equipment With the application of this type of system, the maintenance
of AT’s MK30, among others. activities have been reduced in frequency (once a year) and
3) And the third level formed by the numerical relays of data amount of equipment as far as functions of control are
acquisition and control, lines and busbars protection concerned; measurements equipments such as transducers,
relays, AT's protections and lines teleprotections. Since verifiers of synchronism and equipment of electromechanical
the circuit breakers yard of 400 kV has a configuration of interlocks, have been included in algorithms and logical
bays to a circuit breakers and a half, every bay is functions inside the same software of numerical control
supervised and controlled by a numerical relay REC580 systems.
of ABB, and has another equal relay as a support (not to In this system some deficiencies have been detected
100 % of signs), that is activated at the moment when through time, which has served as experience at the time of
some functional failure takes place (is produced), whether making the engineering specifications for new designs of
of software or hardware, in the main equipment. On the systems of this type. An example of these deficiencies,
other hand, the 115 kV switchyard has a configuration of appears in the switchyard of 115 kV of Palital Substation,
because the control relays do not count with other support,
cells; each one of them is supervised by a relay REC580
when a failure happens or a REC580 is down for maintenance
without secondary unit of support.
reasons; the REC580 that supervises the cells of busbars
coupler it blocks automatically, since it does not receive
information on the position of the equipment associated to the
feeder that is in maintenance, therefore operations personnel
cannot make any maneuver that involves a change of bar in
the switchyard of 115 kV during the time interval in which
 5

maintenance is being made or the equipment is inoperative supervisory level and remote centers, since it does
due to a failure. not has a local HMI.
2) Control and Supervisión System of Caruachi 400 kV
Substation.
The Caruachi 400 kV Substation, is arranged in scheme of SCCE SCCC
double busbars by six (6) bays of a circuit breakers and a half,
six (6) arrival lines from the Caruachi Hydroelectric Power
Plant, two (2) transmission lines towards the Guri "B"
Substation, a transmission line towards the Guayana "B" SCS
Substation and one (1) towards the Macagua II Substation. ENG INEER ING
CONP UTER
This substation was constructed in 2004. HM I GATEW AY

In this Substation, was implemented a system based on the

MicroSCADA™ V8.4.3 of ABB, see its configuration in Fig.
4. This system is made up of:
1) Level of supervision and control (SCS) integrated by
three (3) industrial computers: (1) a Engineering DNP 3.0 Protocol
computer for maintenance to the supervisory system,
(1) a human interface machine or user computer LON RER1 11 RER111 Star
Protocol
(HMI), which allows the operator to have at any Couplers

moment a complete information of the state of the

Substation; and (1) a communications computer
(GATEWAY), for communication between the
substation and the remote control centers that Start
RER111
Coupler
Coupler ……… . 6
Start
RER111
Coupler
Coupler
supervise it, which are the SCCE and the System 1
LON
Protocol
Center of Control Caruachi (SCCC) located in the
Caruachi Hydroelectric Power Plant. These
equipments are located in the auxiliary services Main P P P
building of the substation.
2) The second level is integrated by the stars couplers Secundary S S
S S

RER111, arranged so that there are two (2) principal

Numerical Control and Protection Reles
ones located in the auxiliary services building and
Yard
two (2) in every data acquisition building (CAD),
which fulfills the function of multiplexing the
communications with the different equipments or
numerical relays installed in the bays, which
communicate directly across the protocol of
communication LON. Fig. 4. Configuration of the Numeric Control System of Caruachi 400 kV
Substation.
3) The third level is formed by the numerical relays of
control and protections. In this level the control 3) Improvements observed in the NCS of Caruachi 400 kV
relays are arranged one by cells; that is each bay has Substation.
three relays of main control type REC580 Version In the NCS of Caruachi 400 kV substation the
3.0 (superior to the one installed in the Palital configuration of the supervisory level is the Stand-alone type,
substation). In this case the support system designed since the HMI and the GATEWAY are in different computers,
for these equipments, includes the use of the unlike the system installed in the Palital 400/115 kV
numerical relays REC316*4, which have more basic substation. This NSC use only a communication protocol
characteristics as far as the amount of binary inputs (LON bus) and optical fiber between the numerical relays and
and outputs. For the endorsement two (2) the computers of the SCS, which avoid the use of additional
REC316*4, one is used (1) to endorse the REC580 of equipment for functions of conversion of protocols,
the cell C (cell that connects with bar II), and one (1) diminishing therefore the maintenance activities.
to endorse the REC580 of the cells A and B (cell that In Caruachi 400 kV substation exist three (3) CAD and one
connects towards bar I and the middle cell); the last auxiliary services building; in each CAD the data of two (2)
one activates at the time of failure some of the bays are concentrated. Since this characteristic of the
REC580, without affecting the operation of the other. substation, the system of communications was designed so
The endorsement system only supervises the position that each bay is connected to a (1) RER111 with the
of associated power equipment to the cell, except the particularity of its endorsement equipment is connected to the
earthing disconnector, and the alarms of the other bay RER111; that is the main equipment connected in a
associated circuit breaker, for capacity reasons. On RER111 and endorsement equipment are crossed towards the
the other hand, The REC316 only allows the other RER111 of the CAD, which provides a greater
operation on the power equipment from the availability of the system before a simple contingency. The
 6

communication among the main RER111s and the located in different CSS implemented in the company, is propitious to
each CAD is redundant and in addition is supervised the state initiate a process of standardization of the design of the CSS
of all the optical fibers that connect them, which adds reliable for the company Substations.
for its system. 5) The costs of installation and maintenance of the NCS are
As far as the supervision of each cells, the disposition of more elevated to CSS conventional, as regards it is important
the control and supervision equipment, allows the continuous to evaluate the advantages of a system with respect to the
operation, since when a equipment is down only is affected the other and the operation conditions of a substation at the time
cell at issue, this allows operations personnel to maintain one of making the automation of the same one.
complete supervision and control of the substation, during
activities maintenance. IV. REFERENCES
In the supervisory level for the communication with the [1] TRW CONTROLS. “Thenical Description ALERT RTU”. January
remote centers, the GATEWAY uses two redundant lines of 1979.
communications which are activated manually by means of [2] SYSTEMS NORTHWEST INC. “Theory of operation SNW RTU”.
November 1981.
the software of handling of communication ports. The [3] Telecommunication, Electronic y controls “TELETROL”, C.A. “Curso
engineering computer allows doing maintenance activities de Operación, Configuración y Mantenimiento GE HARRIS D20”.
without affecting the operation of HMI and GATEWAY March 2003.
[4] Telecommunication, Electronic y controls “TELETROL”, C.A.
computers, offering a continuous operation in this level. “Suministro de diez (10) Unidades Terminales Remotas de Telecontrol y
It is possible to be said then that this system has been sus repuestos para las Subestaciones del Sistema de Transmisión
optimized with respect to the system implemented in the Regional de C.V.G. EDELCA. Documentación”. December 2005.
Palital 115 kV substation, due to its advantages as far as the [5] ABB University Switzerland. “MicroSCADA Introduction to
Operation/O212”. June 2002.
availability of the complete system during maintenance [6] ABB. “M487 Caruachi Course REC316”. Septembre 2002.
activities, endorsement system detached at individual levels so [7] ABB University Switzerland. “M487 REC580 Operation”. September
that a complete bay when failure an equipment or when an 2002.
[8] ABB University Switzerland. “M588 Palital Curso Especial Parte SA
equipment is down for maintenance is not affected. For this Automatización de Subestaciones”. January 2004.
system the function of voltage selection is made in a logic of [9] ABB University Switzerland. “M588 COM581v4.5/CAP581/RER581
external relays to the control relay and the interlocks among Engineering course for EDELCA”. January 2004.
[10] ABB University Switzerland. “M588 Palital Special Course. Part
bays are made sending the information by means of wiring REC580 Numerical Controller”. January 2004.
among the bays. [11] ABB University Switzerland. “M588 COM500 Engineering course for
The software of the REC580 installed in Caruachi 400 kV EDELCA”. January 2004.
substation is more advanced that the software installed in the
Palital 115 kV substation, which allows configuring Caruachi V. BIOGRAPHIES
REC580 faster than REC580 Palital. On the other hand the
hardware used in the new version of the REC580, contains Hildarys Salazar was born in Bolivar,
Venezuela, on May 30, 1977. Electronic
elements "Plug and Play" that facilitates the replacement of Engineer. She graduated from the “Antonio José
modules, since it is not needed to make no configuration and de Sucre” Polytechnic Experimental National
therefore the replacement times diminish remarkably. University.
She works as Maintenance Engineer at CVG
EDELCA, Venezuela, since April 1, 2002. Her
III. CONCLUSIONS special field of interest included supervision and
During the description of the modernization process of the control systems for power plants and electric
substation.
CSS implemented in the 400 kV Substations of CVG
EDELCA’s division of Regional Transmission, the most
important observations of the process of modernization of the Luis Paredes was born in Bolivar, Venezuela,
on February 3, 1976. Electronic Engineer. He
conventional CSS and the technological improvements graduated from the “Antonio José de Sucre”
observed in the NCS installed more recently were enumerated. Polytechnic Experimental National University.
Nevertheless some general conclusions appear next: He works as Maintenance Engineer at CVG
EDELCA, Venezuela, since October 25, 2001. His
1) The WESDAC D20 UTR allows the simultaneous special field of interest included supervision and
communication with more of a Remote Control Center control systems for power plants and electric
through DNP 3.0 protocol, like the NCS. substation.
2) The modernization of the CSS with modular designs,
integration of functions and more flexible systems, reduces the
maintenance activities.
3) The NCS represent a technological advance for the
electrical substations automation, but the complexity of the
configuration of the equipment, makes a more specialized
training and very specific knowledge necessary to intervene
this type of systems when they fail.
4) Given the CSS diversity that offers the market and the