Wireless Power Transfer Using High-Frequency Resonating Coils

Wireless Power Transfer Using High-
Frequency Resonating Coils
Abstract- The main objective of this project is to develop a system of wireless power
transfer using high frequency resonating coils. This concept is based on conversion of low
frequency to high frequency voltage. This high frequency power is transmitted between
primary and secondary windings of an air-core transformer. A high frequency coil acts as a
primary of an air core transformer. Another matching resonating coil formed as secondary
drives a load of 10 Watts spaced at an air distance of 20 cm. The overall efficiency of the
power transfer in this case is more than 90% for perfectly coupled and matched series
resonators.
The field of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) has been revitalized since the
development of resonant induction technique. A technology called WiTricity for wirelessly
energy transmission over a fair distance was reported by Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) in July of 2007. This technology provided a technique for energy transfer
to several devices located at a distance. It is essentially the transfer of power without any
physical connections between the source and the load. It has the advantage of enhancing
the aesthetics of product and making it adaptable to all environments while being able to
charge several devices with a single source. The versatility of charging a product wirelessly
ensures that it can be used for a wide variety of applications. This paper aims to provide an
overview to the principles of how wireless power transfer using resonant inductive coupling
takes place, its advantages, disadvantages and applications in various fields.
Keywords- Air-Core transformer, Resonant Coupling
INTRODUCTION
Wireless Power transfer was first demonstrated by Nikola Tesla in 1890s, however it is only
in the last decade that this technology has been harnessed to the point where it offers real,
tangible benefits to real world applications. Applications using resonant wireless power
technology have been noticeable in the Consumer Electronics market where wireless
charging promises to deliver new levels of convenience for the charging of millions of
everyday devices. In the last few years, our society experienced a silent, but quite dramatic
revolution in terms of the number of autonomous electric drives that we use in our daily
lives (e.g. laptops, palm pilots, digital cameras, household robots, etc.) Currently, most of
these devices are powered by batteries, which need to be recharged very often. The main
objective of this project is to develop a concept of wireless power transfer for several
applications such as wireless powered electric vehicle in stores, airports, departmental
stores, etc. It can also charge a rechargeable battery or a cell phone wirelessly.
RELATED WORK-
The concept of wireless power transfer is not new. Sir Nikola Tesla demonstrated this
technology of energy transmission in late 19th century. Many other scientists also
contributed a lot in this field.
 In 1890, Nikola Tesla patented his Tesla Coil, which was used for generating high
frequency Alternating Currents.
 In 1892, Maurice Hutin and Maurice Leblanc patented a wireless method of

powering railroad trains using resonant coils inductively coupled to a track wire at 3
kHz.
 In 1893, Nikola Tesla demonstrated the illumination of vacuum bulbs without using
wires for power transmission at the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Nikola
Tesla has been the pioneer in the field of wireless Transmission of electrical power.
 In 1904, The Wardenclyffe tower was designed and constructed by Nikola Tesla
mainly for wireless transmission of electrical power. An airship ship motor of 0.1
horsepower is driven by transmitting power through space from a distance of at
least 100 feet.
 In 1995, Prof John Boys and Prof Grant Covic, of The University of Auckland in New
Zealand, developed systems to transfer large amounts of energy across small air
gaps.
 In November 2006, Marin Soljačić and other researchers at the Massachusetts

Institute of Technology applied this near field behavior, well known in
electromagnetic theory, the wireless power transmission concept based on
stronglycoupled resonators.
 In 2008, the Wireless Power Consortium was established to develop interoperable

standards across manufacturers.
 In August 2009, its Qi inductive power standard published which enables charging
and powering of portable devices of up to 5 watts over distances of 4 cm (1.6
inches).
 In 2010, Ick-Jae Yoon demonstrated the power transfer efficiency of 40% at a

distance of 0.25 (0.39 m at 195 MHz) in the collinear configuration.
 In 2011, Fei Zhang used strongly coupled electromagnetic resonator technology that
was able to transmit electrical energy over a much longer distance than traditional
near field. He improved the performance of the present two-resonator.
APPLICATIONS-
 Wireless electricity is suitable for most working and living environments.

 The power can be delivered in any direction i.e. omnidirectional.
 The magnetic fields used in the wireless transfer of power are not harmful to living
beings.
 No need for meter rooms and electrical closets.
 Reduction of e-waste by eliminating the need for power cords.
 Wireless charging gives a protected connection .This offers no corrosion as the
electronics are all enclosed, away from water or oxygen in the atmosphere.
FUTURE SCOPE
Wireless charging will only be used on a large scale if the efficiency of the power
transmitted increases. The future scope of this emerging field will be to reduce the amount
of power lost when the distance between the charging pad and the devices increases. Also,
the system must be made more cost effective to make it a viable alternate solution to wired
charging.
This technology will be very feasible in hilly areas and will improve the distribution
system. Eliminating wires can reduce the conductor cost and prevent the wastage of land.
Implementation of WPT technology will reduce the overhead wire congestion in local areas
and also diminish the risk of short circuit. WPT can help in eliminating the losses in present
distribution system. There may be many aspects needed to be investigated for an improved
WPT system.
CONCLUSION
The transmission of power without wires is not a theory or a mere possibility, it’s now a
reality. The electrical energy can be economically transmitted wirelessly to any terrestrial
location. In spite of high initial cost, WPT is economically viable with lower losses. It is
proposed that at a Q factor of 350.7 of both the resonating coils, the transmission of power
without wire can be successfully done at a distance of 35-40 cm.
Global warming and pollution are one of the most challenging hurdles for the
future era. Global warming will be having a disastrous impact on this earth by 2050. So, to
reduce the risk of grid failure, over-heating of conductors, wire losses, etc. it can be
concluded that the power distribution system’s future will be dependent entirely on
wireless power transfer.
Wireless charging works on the principle of resonance inductive charging. This
method insures a device is charged even at a distance away from the charger. The method
of wireless charging has many advantages the most important of which are convenience;
aesthetic appeal by de cluttering of wires, reduced e-waste and multiple devices can be
charged using the same transmitter. The limitations are the reduced efficiency as the
distance of the device increases. This technology shows a lot of scope as an alternate to
wired charging in the very near future.

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Wireless Power Transfer Using High-

Frequency Resonating Coils

 In 1892, Maurice Hutin and Maurice Leblanc patented a wireless method of

 In November 2006, Marin Soljačić and other researchers at the Massachusetts

 In 2008, the Wireless Power Consortium was established to develop interoperable

 In 2010, Ick-Jae Yoon demonstrated the power transfer efficiency of 40% at a

 Wireless electricity is suitable for most working and living environments.

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