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    Signals&System Lab7

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    Muhamad Abdullah
    The document discusses Fourier series and their use in representing periodic waveforms as the sum of harmonic sinusoids. Specifically: - Any periodic waveform can be expressed as a Fourier series consisting of a set of harmonic sinusoids whose frequencies are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. - The Fourier series representation provides coefficients that describe the amplitude and phase of each harmonic sinusoid, allowing the original periodic waveform to be reconstructed. - Examples are provided of using Fourier series to represent a square wave and sawtooth wave as the sum of their harmonic sinusoid components.

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    Signals&System Lab7

    Uploaded by

    Muhamad Abdullah
    61 views3 pages
    The document discusses Fourier series and their use in representing periodic waveforms as the sum of harmonic sinusoids. Specifically: - Any periodic waveform can be expressed as a Fourier series consisting of a set of harmonic sinusoids whose frequencies are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. - The Fourier series representation provides coefficients that describe the amplitude and phase of each harmonic sinusoid, allowing the original periodic waveform to be reconstructed. - Examples are provided of using Fourier series to represent a square wave and sawtooth wave as the sum of their harmonic sinusoid components.

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    signal and system lab solution

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    The document discusses Fourier series and their use in representing periodic waveforms as the sum of harmonic sinusoids. Specifically: - Any periodic waveform can be expressed as a Fourier series consisting of a set of harmonic sinusoids whose frequencies are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. - The Fourier series representation provides coefficients that describe the amplitude and phase of each harmonic sinusoid, allowing the original periodic waveform to be reconstructed. - Examples are provided of using Fourier series to represent a square wave and sawtooth wave as the sum of their harmonic sinusoid components.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    61 views3 pages

    Signals&System Lab7

    Uploaded by

    Muhamad Abdullah
    The document discusses Fourier series and their use in representing periodic waveforms as the sum of harmonic sinusoids. Specifically: - Any periodic waveform can be expressed as a Fourier series consisting of a set of harmonic sinusoids whose frequencies are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. - The Fourier series representation provides coefficients that describe the amplitude and phase of each harmonic sinusoid, allowing the original periodic waveform to be reconstructed. - Examples are provided of using Fourier series to represent a square wave and sawtooth wave as the sum of their harmonic sinusoid components.

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    7 Fourier Series

    The French mathematician Fourier found that any periodic waveform, that is a waveform that
    repeats itself after sometime, can be expressed as a series of harmonically related sinusoids. i:e
    sinusoids whose frequencies are multiples of a fundamentals frequency (or first harmonic). For example
    a series of sinusoids with frequencies MHZ, 2MHZ, 3MHZ and so on, contains the fundamental
    frequency of 1MHZ, a 2nd harmonic of 2MHZ, a third harmonic of 3MHZ, and so on. In general any
    periodic waveform can be expressed as.

    X(t)= a0 + a1 cos (1w0t) + a2cos(2w0t) + --------

    + b1 sin(1w0t) + b2 sin (2w0t) + ----

    Therefore the general equation of a Fourier series expansion of a signal x(t) can be written as


    x(t )  ao   (an cos(nwot )  bn sin(nwot ))
    n 1

    t1 To

    ao  1/ To 
    t1
    x(t )dt

    t1 To

    an  2 / To 
    t1
    x(t ) cos(nwot )dt
    n = 1,2,3….
    t1 To

    bn  2 / To 
    t1
    x(t )sin(nwot )dt

    This if we have any periodic signal “x(t)” we can find the values of a0, an and bn and put these values in
    equation A to get the fourier series expansion of a signal.

    Example # 1

    FOURIER SERIES

    29 | P a g e
    X (t)
    1

    -4Π -3Π -2Π -1Π 1Π 2Π 3Π 4Π

    The fourier series representation of the signal x(t) shown above can be written as

    h(t )  e3t  16 / 3(sin(3t ))


    So we have to find a o , a n and bn to represent x(t) by the above expression.

    Put T0 = 2Π and w0 = 2Π/T0 =1 in eq (B), eq (C) and eq (D)

    Solving results in a0 =1/2;

    an= (2 / n Π) * sin (n Π / 2);

    and bn= 0;

    Thus x(t) = ½ + ∑ [(2/nΠ ) sin(nΠ/2) cos(nw0t) ] -------- (E)

    n=1

    by expanding the equation (E)

    x(t) =1/2 + 2/Π [ cos (w0t) – 1/3 cos(3w0t) +1/5 cos(5w0t) -1/7 cos (7w0t) +

    1/9 cos (9w0 t) + ….] -------- (F)

    30 | P a g e
    Example # 2: Square Wave from Sine Waves

    t = 0:.1:10;

    y = sin(t);

    plot(t,y);

    Add harmonics to above sine wave

    y = sin(t) + sin(3*t)/3 + sin(5*t)/5 + sin(7*t)/7 + sin(9*t)/9;

    plot(t,y);

    Task # 1 : Draw the Fourier series of square wave with the help of (Eq. F)

    7.1 Fourier Series of Saw tooth wave


    Task # 2: Draw the Fourier series of Saw tooth wave

    t = 0:.1:10;
    y = 0.5 + sin(t)/pi;

    Hint :

    This y is fundamental frequency.

    Add this fundamental frequency to next harmonics i.e.2,5,10 harmonics.

    Second harmonic is y = 0.5 + sin(t)/pi + sin(2*t)/(2*pi);

    31 | P a g e

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