Release 7.2 Features Guide: For Releases 7.2 Through 7.2.4

CMTS
Release 7.2 Features Guide
For Releases 7.2 through 7.2.4
DOC-3049-01
Document Revision 01.00.04
February 3, 2017
© 2017 Casa Systems, Inc.
All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Casa Systems or its suppliers and are
protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions.
The information regarding the product in this manual is subject to change without notice. All
statements, information, and recommendations in this manual are believed to be accurate but are
presented without warranty of any kind, express of implied. Users must take full responsibility for
their application of the product.
In no event shall Casa or its suppliers be liable for any indirect, special, consequential, or incidental
damages, including, without limitation, lost profits or loss or damage to data arising out of the use or
inability to use this manual, even if Casa or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such
damages.
iii
Contents
Casa CMTS Release 7.2 Features Guide

About this document ......................................................................................... 1-1 .
Contacting Casa ............................................................................................... 1-9

.
Corporate facility ......................................................................................... 1-9

.
Technical support ........................................................................................ 1-9 .
Technical documentation .................................................................................. 1-9 .
Revision history ......................................................................................... 1-10.
New features in Release 7.2.4 .........................................................................1-11 .
QAM modes increase for QAM 8x192 module ..........................................1-11 .
QAM 8x192 narrowcast support with two OFDM channels ...................... 1-12 .
OFDM QAM port upper power limits ......................................................... 1-13 .
OFDM channel power statistics ................................................................ 1-13 .
OFDMA data profiles and modem DBC .................................................... 1-14 .
OFDM data profile enhancement .............................................................. 1-15 .
OFDM profile modulation RxMER threshold percentage .......................... 1-15 .
OFDMA forward error correction statistics ................................................ 1-15 .
OFDMA channels in CASA-CABLE-CMCPE-MIB file ............................... 1-15 .
RFoG scheduler support for OFDMA channels ........................................ 1-16 .
OFDMA data IUCs in show cable modem ................................................ 1-16 .
ping docsis command enhancements ....................................................... 1-16 .
Show run verbose command shows defaults ........................................... 1-17 .
Pmax value in show cable modem ........................................................... 1-17 .
Video interfaces on Ethernet ports ............................................................ 1-17 .
UDP port offset value range for video mapping ........................................ 1-18 .
Video EDIS configuration output-port-base parameter ............................. 1-18 .
Casa Systems CMTS

iv Release 7.2 Features Guide
Contents
Two-stage video session creation with encryption .................................... 1-18 .
Video EDIS reset indication ...................................................................... 1-19 .
SimulCrypt Scrambling Control Groups .................................................... 1-19 .
SimulCrypt ECMG server last time up statistic corrected ......................... 1-19 .
debug cable igmp command ..................................................................... 1-20 .
debug cable pre-equalization command ................................................... 1-20 .
debug ddm mcast syslog command ......................................................... 1-20 .
debug config qam flag command enhancement ....................................... 1-21 .
CPE count consistency between CLI and SNMP MIBs ............................ 1-22 .
DOCSIS-IF31-MIB update ........................................................................ 1-22 .
CASA-QAM-MIB update ........................................................................... 1-23 .
CASA-IP-TRUNK-MIB change .................................................................. 1-23 .
Maximum channels per DSG tunnel-group ............................................... 1-23 .
Console logins over active SMM ............................................................... 1-24 .
show multicast client commands .............................................................. 1-24 .
show system detail command enhancement ............................................ 1-24 .
show spectrum upstream command update ............................................. 1-25 .
Casa Video Web UI changes and enhancements .................................... 1-25 .
Chart and table view toggles ................................................................. 1-25 .
Multiple table row selection ................................................................... 1-25 .
Green-lighted NMS requests ................................................................. 1-26 .
IPv6 address validation ......................................................................... 1-26 .
General enhancements ......................................................................... 1-26 .
EDIS SRM output port base .................................................................. 1-26 .
ACL and route map maximums ................................................................. 1-27 .
show interface qam block command enhancement .................................. 1-27 .
show mirror command .............................................................................. 1-27 .
NMS event notification .............................................................................. 1-27

.
IPv6 Provider Edge Routers (6PE) in BGP routes (RFC4698) ................. 1-28 .
BGP multiple recursion support ................................................................ 1-29 .
BGP IPv6 labeled-unicast neighbor functions ........................................... 1-29 .
BGP and VRF MVPN address-family changes ......................................... 1-29 .
show ipv6 bgp labeled-unicast neighbors command ................................ 1-30 .
Casa Systems CMTS Release Ver. 7.2

Release 7.2 Features Guide v
Contents
Metrics handling in IGP to BGP route redistributions ................................1-31 .
IS-IS process optimization .........................................................................1-31 .
DHCP relay agent option TLV Minor Version Number ...............................1-31 .
NetFlow V9 support ...................................................................................1-31.
PCMM minimum reserved bandwidth ........................................................1-32 .
PacketCable gate maxcount setting ..........................................................1-33 .
TTY input buffer increase ..........................................................................1-33 .
Prior features in Release 7.2 ...........................................................................1-34 .
QAM 8x192 downstream module enhancements ......................................1-34 .
Implementation notes .......................................................................... 1-35

Unsupported functionality in Release 7.2 ............................................ 1-35
QAM 8x192 broadcast video (MPTS pass-through) ..............................1-35 .
Configuring the multi-port shared channels ......................................... 1-36

Configuring broadcast video pass-through .......................................... 1-39
QAM 8x192 redundancy requirements for OFDM .....................................1-40 .
Support for two OFDM downstream channels in R7.2.3.0 ........................1-40 .
QAM 8x192 redundancy limitation (by design) ......................................1-40 .
Configuration steps ................................................................................1-41

.
Reverting to one OFDM channel ......................................................... 1-41

Remaining configuration steps ...............................................................1-42 .
Dynamic modulation profile change on OFDM channels ..........................1-42 .
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) .......................1-43 .
UPS 16x8 redundancy limitation with OFDMA (by design) ....................1-43 .
OFDMA configuration step summary .....................................................1-44 .
OFDMA configuration example ............................................................ 1-44

OFDMA show and clear commands ......................................................1-48 .
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) code support in OFDMA ...................1-51 .
TaFDM between OFDMA and TDMA channels ......................................1-51 .
TaFDM configuration ........................................................................... 1-51

TaFDM restrictions ............................................................................... 1-51
Configuration example ......................................................................... 1-52
Multiple IUC TLV support .......................................................................1-53 .

vi Release 7.2 Features Guide
Contents
Monitoring OFDMA in SNMP ................................................................. 1-53 .
OFDMA support on earlier UPS 16x8 modules ........................................ 1-53 .
Increased number of supported VRFs on the SMM 8x10G ...................... 1-53 .
ls and dir command enhancements .......................................................... 1-54 .
VRF static route tagging ........................................................................... 1-55

.
Primary and secondary NTP servers support ........................................... 1-56 .
Syslog messages for control plane rate limiting ........................................ 1-56 .
SNMP support for video sessions ............................................................. 1-57 .
show interface video stat command enhancement ................................... 1-57 .
Debug ip bgp updates command revised ................................................. 1-58 .
Broadcast ARP packets to DS primary channel exclusively ..................... 1-58 .
TCP max segment size commands .......................................................... 1-58 .
Optical signal parameters MIB object ....................................................... 1-59 .
Separate access control for video and data streams ................................ 1-60 .
IP access control for access-class services .............................................. 1-60 .
Fast ARP entry timeout ............................................................................. 1-61

.
CPU histogram per module in CLI ............................................................ 1-61 .
ToS option in traceroute6 .......................................................................... 1-62

.
Deleting BGP communities ....................................................................... 1-62 .
Maximum-paths command for BGP .......................................................... 1-63 .
Support for 64 loopback interfaces ........................................................... 1-64 .
Multicast traffic statistics MIB object ......................................................... 1-64 .
Partial service trap enhancements ............................................................ 1-65 .
US and DS excluded channels MIB object ............................................... 1-65 .
show chassis status command ................................................................. 1-66 .
MD5 checksum comparison ...................................................................... 1-67 .
Separate syslog servers for DOCSIS and video events ........................... 1-67 .
Importing and exporting route maps into VRF instances .......................... 1-68 .
MPLS LDP VPWS Control-Word support ................................................. 1-69 .
IP bundle sub-interfaces enhancement ..................................................... 1-69 .
SNMP counters for burst noise ................................................................. 1-69 .
Pre-equalization coefficient auto-reset period ........................................... 1-71 .

Release 7.2 Features Guide vii
Contents
eRouter and eEVA CPE type detection .....................................................1-72 .
BSoD support — Disabling local forwarding of L2 broadcast traffic ..........1-72 .
BSoD support — DHCP Option 82 in L2 traffic .........................................1-73 .
BSoD support — VLAN IP spoofing prevention ........................................1-73 .
BSoD support — Monitoring pseudowire connections ..............................1-73 .
Displaying CPU flow statistics to avert DoS attacks ..................................1-75 .
Maximum transmission unit increase ........................................................1-76 .
Ping quiet mode .........................................................................................1-76

.
Traceroute extended to more than five hops .............................................1-76 .
Digital optical monitoring signaling output added ......................................1-77 .
Spectral inversion maintains other QAM parameters ................................1-77 .
Complete output entries for show cable modem commands .....................1-78 .
Streams reestablished after line card back in service ...............................1-78 .
R6 protocol supported for NGOD video .....................................................1-78 .
Duplicate access-list entry prevention .......................................................1-78 .
Bonding and non-bonding modems in summary output ............................1-79 .
DCC to an invalid upstream channel prevention .......................................1-79 .
Event notification of authorized user login changed to informational ........1-80 .
Corrected and uncorrectable FEC reported in show cable modem ...........1-80 .
Ranging status for upstream channels ......................................................1-81 .
DOCSIS shared secret mismatch returns new offline(m) status ...............1-81 .
Default modulation profiles removed from show run output ......................1-82 .
Route map recursive next-hop support for L3VPNs added .......................1-82 .
Power shelf status monitoring and event logging ......................................1-83 .
SNMP MIB to configure Lawful Intercept into VRF ....................................1-83 .
IS-IS ATT-Bit control ..................................................................................1-85.
Subscriber Traffic Management enhancement ..........................................1-85 .
Increased number of buffers for active DBC transactions .........................1-86 .
show tech-support command enhancements ............................................1-86 .
IP domain name in CMTS configuration ....................................................1-86 .
DNS support in DVB Simulcrypt ................................................................1-87 .
show cable modem verbose command additions ......................................1-87 .

viii Release 7.2 Features Guide
Contents
show ipdr disk command in diag mode ..................................................... 1-89 .
VRF interoperability for EIS and ECMG servers ....................................... 1-89 .
Direct hops between spectrum-management rules .................................. 1-90 .
QAM 8x96 capacity enhancement in Release 7.2 .................................... 1-90 .
Video Web interface enhancements ......................................................... 1-91 .
Corresponding CLI ...............................................................................1-91

BGP global IPv6 address in routing policy ................................................ 1-91 .
IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP authorization enhancement .................................... 1-92 .
show video simulcrypt ecmg command .................................................... 1-92 .
show video power-key encrypt-data command ......................................... 1-93 .
TSID repetition and increment option; other enhancements ..................... 1-93 .
Other TSID enhancements: .................................................................1-94

OFDMA SNMP objects in DOCS-IF31-MIB .............................................. 1-94 .
distance bgp command in IPv6 ................................................................. 1-96 .
DHCP server IP in DHCP RENEW and REPLY packets .......................... 1-96 .
Class-of-service priority queuing and buffering ......................................... 1-97 .
SSH server encryption algorithms ............................................................ 1-97 .
GQIv2 and RPC 103-105 statistics ........................................................... 1-98 .
Partial-service reporting in show cable modem ........................................ 1-98 .
UDP packet drop statistics ........................................................................ 1-99.
OFDM OPT-REQ standard encoding ...................................................... 1-100 .
QAM_ENCAP forwarding policy change ................................................. 1-100 .
Console passwords ................................................................................. 1-100

.
OFDM objects in SNMP DOCS-IF31-MIB ............................................... 1-100 .
SNMP additions to the CASA-CABLE-CMCPE-MIB file ......................... 1-101 .
show cable modem offline counters command ....................................... 1-103 .
Video QAM output base port ................................................................... 1-103 .
Interface utilization monitoring in STM .................................................... 1-104 .
Video encrypted sessions ....................................................................... 1-104 .
ECMG error code logging ....................................................................... 1-104 .
Resetting QAM counters ......................................................................... 1-105 .
Maximum number of IPv6 subnet ........................................................... 1-106 .

Release 7.2 Features Guide ix
Contents
cm-mode tolerance-count parameter range ............................................1-106 .
OFDMA channel power adjustment .........................................................1-106 .
Video on Demand Table Mode 5 .............................................................1-107 .
Implementation notes ........................................................................ 1-107

DHCP-Insert option 82 state ....................................................................1-108 .
Video channel ID offset range .................................................................1-108 .
show interface docsis-mac command enhancement ...............................1-108 .
IPDR adhoc sessions ..............................................................................1-109.
show cable ods-report ofdm command ...................................................1-109 .
proxy-arp unknown subnet option ........................................................... 1-110 .
OFDM channel profile ID ......................................................................... 1-110.
Monitoring ECMG statistics in SNMP ...................................................... 1-111 .
initial-tech ofdma command ..................................................................... 1-112 .
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (ND) packets ................................................... 1-112 .
show iftable ofdma command .................................................................. 1-112 .
Video Web interface command history .................................................... 1-113 .
VOD table mode creation ........................................................................ 1-113 .
Video session statistics in Video Web interface ...................................... 1-114 .
OFDM and OFDMA description parameter ............................................. 1-114 .
MAP lead time adjustment ....................................................................... 1-115 .
ofdma-initial-tech parameter in DBC configuration .................................. 1-115 .
show interface trunk stat command enhancement .................................. 1-116 .
show cable voice summary command update ......................................... 1-116 .
show ofdm channel command revision ................................................... 1-117 .
voice call reserved bandwidth in OFDMA interface ................................. 1-117 .
Subscriber management default filter group ID ....................................... 1-117 .
IPv6 prefix delegation in subscriber management ................................... 1-118 .
OFDMA channel utilization in SNMP ....................................................... 1-119 .
SNMP query: docsIfCmtsUpChannelCounterTable ........................... 1-119

Annex A symbol rate range on multi-port shared channels ..................... 1-119 .
show docsis downstream channel utilization ...........................................1-120 .
OFDM and OFDMA channel description strings ......................................1-120 .

x Release 7.2 Features Guide
Contents
SFP compatibility checks ........................................................................ 1-121 .
Sample ALARM level logs: .................................................................1-121

IPDR support for OFDM and OFDMA ..................................................... 1-121 .
VRF route leaking ................................................................................... 1-122.
VRF route targets .................................................................................... 1-122

.
VOD Table Mode 6 .................................................................................. 1-122 .
Implementation notes .........................................................................1-123

IS-IS peer router process logging ........................................................... 1-123 .
Sample WARNING (WA) level logs: ...................................................1-123

New diagnostic mode commands ........................................................... 1-123 .
Channel power-attenuation command change ....................................... 1-124 .
Video upstream UPD statistics in SNMP ................................................ 1-124 .
BGP route redistribution in VRF .............................................................. 1-125 .
OFDM lower frequency limit .................................................................... 1-125 .
QAM modes on the QAM 8x192 ............................................................. 1-125 .
Upstream pre-equalization extended taps .............................................. 1-127 .
Increased number OFDM channels per QAM8x192 port ........................ 1-127 .
show cable admission-control command for OFDM and OFDMA .......... 1-128 .
system bootfile update ............................................................................ 1-128 .
Delayed SNMP and TFTP processing to speed modem registration ...... 1-129 .
Cable modem partial-service recovery ................................................... 1-129 .
show cable modem offline counters ........................................................ 1-130 .
Route map name length .......................................................................... 1-130 .
Improved cable modem registration time ................................................ 1-130 .
Upstream minimum and maximum edge frequencies ............................. 1-131 .
show dmesg peer command ................................................................... 1-131 .
OFDMA subcarrier-group-minislot end frequency ................................... 1-131 .
mirror cm traffic command enhancement ................................................ 1-132 .
SNMP trap logging video alarm command .............................................. 1-132 .
SNMP process optimization .................................................................... 1-132 .
CSM log messages ................................................................................. 1-133 .
PacketCable gate-set packet processing improvements ........................ 1-133 .

Release 7.2 Features Guide xi
Contents
casa-spectrum-mib file change ................................................................1-133.
DSG tunnel-group capacities ...................................................................1-133

.

xii Release 7.2 Features Guide
Contents

1-1
Casa CMTS
About this document

This guide provides information on the new features and CMTS product
enhancements in Release 7.2 software versions for the Casa C10G, C40G, and C100G
CMTS. For additional information on Release 7.2, see the Casa Systems – CMTS
Release Notes containing the upgrade instructions for the specific software build you
are installing, operational information, product fixes, and any known issues.
Topic Page
Contacting Casa 1-9

Corporate facility 1-9
Technical support 1-9
Technical documentation 1-9
Revision history 1-10
New features in Release 7.2.4 1-11
QAM modes increase for QAM 8x192 module 1-11
QAM 8x192 narrowcast support with two OFDM channels 1-12
OFDM QAM port upper power limits 1-13
OFDM channel power statistics 1-13
OFDMA data profiles and modem DBC 1-14
OFDM data profile enhancement 1-15
OFDM profile modulation RxMER threshold percentage 1-15
OFDMA forward error correction statistics 1-15
OFDMA channels in CASA-CABLE-CMCPE-MIB file 1-15
Casa Systems CMTS

1-2 Release 7.2 Features Guide
About this document
Topic Page
RFoG scheduler support for OFDMA channels 1-16

OFDMA data IUCs in show cable modem 1-16
ping docsis command enhancements 1-16
Show run verbose command shows defaults 1-17
Pmax value in show cable modem 1-17
Video interfaces on Ethernet ports 1-17
UDP port offset value range for video mapping 1-18
Video EDIS configuration output-port-base parameter 1-18
Two-stage video session creation with encryption 1-18
Video EDIS reset indication 1-19
SimulCrypt Scrambling Control Groups 1-19
SimulCrypt ECMG server last time up statistic corrected 1-19
debug cable igmp command 1-20
debug cable pre-equalization command 1-20
debug ddm mcast syslog command 1-20
debug config qam flag command enhancement 1-21
CPE count consistency between CLI and SNMP MIBs 1-22
DOCSIS-IF31-MIB update 1-22
CASA-QAM-MIB update 1-23
CASA-IP-TRUNK-MIB change 1-23
Maximum channels per DSG tunnel-group 1-23
Console logins over active SMM 1-24
show multicast client commands 1-24
show system detail command enhancement 1-24
show spectrum upstream command update 1-25
Casa Video Web UI changes and enhancements 1-25
Chart and table view toggles 1-25
Multiple table row selection 1-25
Green-lighted NMS requests 1-26
IPv6 address validation 1-26
General enhancements 1-26

Casa CMTS Release 7.2 Features Guide 1-3
About this document
Topic Page
EDIS SRM output port base 1-26

ACL and route map maximums 1-27
show interface qam block command enhancement 1-27
show mirror command 1-27
NMS event notification 1-27
IPv6 Provider Edge Routers (6PE) in BGP routes (RFC4698) 1-28
BGP multiple recursion support 1-29
BGP IPv6 labeled-unicast neighbor functions 1-29
BGP and VRF MVPN address-family changes 1-29
show ipv6 bgp labeled-unicast neighbors command 1-30
Metrics handling in IGP to BGP route redistributions 1-31
IS-IS process optimization 1-31
DHCP relay agent option TLV Minor Version Number 1-31
NetFlow V9 support 1-31
PCMM minimum reserved bandwidth 1-32
PacketCable gate maxcount setting 1-33
TTY input buffer increase 1-33
Prior features in Release 7.2 1-34
QAM 8x192 downstream module enhancements 1-34
Implementation notes 1-35
Unsupported functionality in Release 7.2 1-35
QAM 8x192 broadcast video (MPTS pass-through) 1-35
Configuring the multi-port shared channels 1-36
Configuring broadcast video pass-through 1-39
QAM 8x192 redundancy requirements for OFDM 1-40
Support for two OFDM downstream channels in R7.2.3.0 1-40
QAM 8x192 redundancy limitation (by design) 1-40
Configuration steps 1-41
Reverting to one OFDM channel 1-41
Remaining configuration steps 1-41
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) 1-43

About this document
Topic Page
UPS 16x8 redundancy limitation with OFDMA (by design) 1-43

OFDMA configuration step summary 1-44
OFDMA configuration example 1-44
OFDMA show and clear commands 1-48
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) code support in OFDMA 1-51
TaFDM between OFDMA and TDMA channels 1-51
Multiple IUC TLV support 1-53
Monitoring OFDMA in SNMP 1-53
OFDMA support on earlier UPS 16x8 modules 1-53
Increased number of supported VRFs on the SMM 8x10G 1-53
ls and dir command enhancements 1-54
VRF static route tagging 1-55
Primary and secondary NTP servers support 1-56
Syslog messages for control plane rate limiting 1-56
SNMP support for video sessions 1-57
show interface video stat command enhancement 1-57
Debug ip bgp updates command revised 1-58
Broadcast ARP packets to DS primary channel exclusively 1-58
TCP max segment size commands 1-58
Optical signal parameters MIB object 1-59
Separate access control for video and data streams 1-60
IP access control for access-class services 1-60
Fast ARP entry timeout 1-61
CPU histogram per module in CLI 1-61
ToS option in traceroute6 1-62
Deleting BGP communities 1-62
Maximum-paths command for BGP 1-63
Support for 64 loopback interfaces 1-64
Multicast traffic statistics MIB object 1-64
Partial service trap enhancements 1-65
US and DS excluded channels MIB object 1-65

About this document
Topic Page
show chassis status command 1-66

MD5 checksum comparison 1-67
SNMP support for video sessions 1-57
Separate syslog servers for DOCSIS and video events 1-67
Importing and exporting route maps into VRF instances 1-68
MPLS LDP VPWS Control-Word support 1-69
IP bundle sub-interfaces enhancement 1-69
SNMP counters for burst noise 1-69
Pre-equalization coefficient auto-reset period 1-71
eRouter and eEVA CPE type detection 1-72
BSoD support — Disabling local forwarding of L2 broadcast traffic 1-72
BSoD support — DHCP Option 82 in L2 traffic 1-73
BSoD support — VLAN IP spoofing prevention 1-73
BSoD support — Monitoring pseudowire connections 1-73
Displaying CPU flow statistics to avert DoS attacks 1-75
Maximum transmission unit increase 1-76
Ping quiet mode 1-76
Traceroute extended to more than five hops 1-76
Digital optical monitoring signaling output added 1-77
Spectral inversion maintains other QAM parameters 1-77
Complete output entries for show cable modem commands 1-78
Streams reestablished after line card back in service 1-78
R6 protocol supported for NGOD video 1-78
Duplicate access-list entry prevention 1-78
Bonding and non-bonding modems in summary output 1-79
DCC to an invalid upstream channel prevention 1-79
Event notification of authorized user login changed to informational 1-80
Corrected and uncorrectable FEC reported in show cable modem 1-80
Ranging status for upstream channels 1-81
DOCSIS shared secret mismatch returns new offline(m) status 1-81
Default modulation profiles removed from show run output 1-82

About this document
Topic Page
Route map recursive next-hop support for L3VPNs added 1-82

Power shelf status monitoring and event logging 1-83
SNMP MIB to configure Lawful Intercept into VRF 1-83
IS-IS ATT-Bit control 1-85
Subscriber Traffic Management enhancement 1-85
Increased number of buffers for active DBC transactions 1-86
show tech-support command enhancements 1-86
IP domain name in CMTS configuration 1-86
DNS support in DVB Simulcrypt 1-87
show cable modem verbose command additions 1-87
show ipdr disk command in diag mode 1-89
VRF interoperability for EIS and ECMG servers 1-89
Direct hops between spectrum-management rules 1-90
QAM 8x96 capacity enhancement in Release 7.2 1-90
Video Web interface enhancements 1-91
BGP global IPv6 address in routing policy 1-91
IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP authorization enhancement 1-92
show video simulcrypt ecmg command 1-92
show video power-key encrypt-data command 1-93
TSID repetition and increment option; other enhancements 1-93
OFDMA SNMP objects in DOCS-IF31-MIB 1-94
distance bgp command in IPv6 1-96
DHCP server IP in DHCP RENEW and REPLY packets 1-96
Class-of-service priority queuing and buffering 1-97
SSH server encryption algorithms 1-97
GQIv2 and RPC 103-105 statistics 1-98
Partial-service reporting in show cable modem 1-98
UDP packet drop statistics 1-99
OFDM OPT-REQ standard encoding 1-100
QAM_ENCAP forwarding policy change 1-100
Console passwords 1-100

About this document
Topic Page
OFDM objects in SNMP DOCS-IF31-MIB 1-100

SNMP additions to the CASA-CABLE-CMCPE-MIB file 1-101
show cable modem offline counters command 1-103
Video QAM output base port 1-103
Interface utilization monitoring in STM 1-104
Video encrypted sessions 1-104
ECMG error code logging 1-104
Resetting QAM counters 1-105
Maximum number of IPv6 subnet 1-106
cm-mode tolerance-count parameter range 1-106
OFDMA channel power adjustment 1-106
Video on Demand Table Mode 5 1-107
DHCP-Insert option 82 state 1-108
Video channel ID offset range 1-108
show interface docsis-mac command enhancement 1-108
IPDR adhoc sessions 1-109
show cable ods-report ofdm command 1-109
proxy-arp unknown subnet option 1-110
OFDM channel profile ID 1-110
Monitoring ECMG statistics in SNMP 1-111
initial-tech ofdma command 1-112
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (ND) packets 1-112
show iftable ofdma command 1-112
Video Web interface command history 1-113
VOD table mode creation 1-113
Video session statistics in Video Web interface 1-114
OFDM and OFDMA description parameter 1-114
MAP lead time adjustment 1-115
ofdma-initial-tech parameter in DBC configuration 1-115
show interface trunk stat command enhancement 1-116
show cable voice summary command update 1-116

About this document
Topic Page
show ofdm channel command revision 1-117

voice call reserved bandwidth in OFDMA interface 1-117
Subscriber management default filter group ID 1-117
IPv6 prefix delegation in subscriber management 1-118
OFDMA channel utilization in SNMP 1-119
Annex A symbol rate range on multi-port shared channels 1-119
show docsis downstream channel utilization 1-120
OFDM and OFDMA channel description strings 1-120
SFP compatibility checks 1-121
IPDR support for OFDM and OFDMA 1-121
VRF route leaking 1-122
VRF route targets 1-122
VOD Table Mode 6 1-122
IS-IS peer router process logging 1-123
New diagnostic mode commands 1-123
Channel power-attenuation command change 1-124
Video upstream UPD statistics in SNMP 1-124
BGP route redistribution in VRF 1-125
OFDM lower frequency limit 1-125
QAM modes on the QAM 8x192 1-125
Upstream pre-equalization extended taps 1-127
Increased number OFDM channels per QAM8x192 port 1-127
show cable admission-control command for OFDM and OFDMA 1-128
system bootfile update 1-128
Delayed SNMP and TFTP processing to speed modem registration 1-129
Cable modem partial-service recovery 1-129
show cable modem offline counters 1-130
Route map name length 1-130
Improved cable modem registration time 1-130
Upstream minimum and maximum edge frequencies 1-131
show dmesg peer command 1-131

Contacting Casa
Topic Page
OFDMA subcarrier-group-minislot end frequency 1-131

mirror cm traffic command enhancement 1-132
SNMP trap logging video alarm command 1-132
SNMP process optimization 1-132
CSM log messages 1-133
PacketCable gate-set packet processing improvements 1-133
casa-spectrum-mib file change 1-133
DSG tunnel-group capacities 1-133
Contacting Casa
Corporate facility
Casa Systems, Inc.
100 Old River Road, Suite 100
Andover, MA 01810
Tel.: 978-688-6706
World Wide Web: www.casa-systems.com
Technical support
In the United States: Tel: 978-699-3045
Email: support@casa-systems.com
Technical documentation
Casa Systems provides the following documentation set in PDF format, viewable
using Adobe Reader 5.0 or later. These PDF files are avail able from the Casa FTP site
at ftp://support.casa-systems.com.
• Casa Systems – C10G CMTS Quick Installation

• Casa Systems – C10G CMTS Hardware Installation Guide
• Casa Systems – C100G CMTS Quick Installation

Technical documentation

• Casa Systems – CMTS Operations and Administration Guide
• Casa Systems – NSI Configuration Guide and Command Reference
• Casa Systems – RF Cable Configuration Guide and Command Reference
• Casa Systems – CMTS Network Solutions Guide
• Casa Systems – SNMP MIBs and Traps Reference
• Casa Systems – CMTS Troubleshooting and Diagnostics Guide
• Casa Systems – CMTS Release 7.2 Features Guide (this document)
• Casa Systems – CCAP Video Edge User Guide
• Casa Systems – CMTS Release Notes
Note: Casa Systems provides updates to the manuals on a regular basis. Log
on to the Casa Systems Web site at www.casa-systems.com for the latest files
in PDF format. Select customer login and enter your username and
password. If you do not have a Casa-assigned username and password, send
e-mail to support@casa-systems.com.
Effective September 1, 2013, technical documentation CD-ROMs are no

longer shipped with Casa CMTS hardware.
Revision history
• 01.00.00 — Initial draft; April 2016
• 01.00.01 — Added new features to draft (through B4429); April 2016
• 01.00.02 — Added new features to draft (through B4479; April 2016)
• 01.00.03 — Final features for Release 7.2.3 (through B49e9; October 2016)
• 01.00.04 — Added feature set for Release 7.2.4.0 (through 5219; February 2017)

New features in Release 7.2.4
Note: If you are upgrading to Release 7.2 from Release 6.1.3 or earlier, and if
you would like to review of all product changes that have been implemented
since you last upgraded your CMTS software, contact Casa Technical Support
for specific versions of the Casa Systems – CMTS Release Notes.
Release 7.2 software is not supported on Casa C1G, C10200, C3200, and
C2200 systems.

This section covers the product enhancements, new and revised CLI commands, and
other functionality changes since the prior version, Release 7.2. Detailed
configuration information can be found in the following manuals to be published for
Release 7.2.4.

• Casa Systems – CMTS Network Solutions Guide
QAM modes increase for QAM 8x192 module

The maximum number of QAM modes on QAM 8x196 module has been increased
from two to three on a per-port basis to include up to two unicast modes and one
broadcast mode. Only one QAM mode may be applied to an eight-channel block.
The show module <slot> qam-mode [summary] command has been introduced in
the Casa CLI to display detailed QAM mode statistics for all ports. There can be up to
three QAM modes for a QAM 8x192 module, two for unicast and one for broadcast
(the one with the positive ref_cnt). The second broadcast mode (bc_mode 2) is used
only in per channel interleave mode where all the module channels have the same
annex, modulation, and symbol rates, and vary only between two interleave values.

Specify the summary option to display the same output in table format.
Example
CASA# show module 1 qam-mode
Module 1:
uc_mode 1: annex A modulation 256qam interleave 12 symbol_rate 6952
ref_cnt 24
ref_cnt 24
bc_mode 1: annex A modulation 256qam interleave 12 symbol_rate 6900
ref_cnt 8
bc_mode 2: annex B modulation 256qam interleave 128x1 symbol_rate 0
ref_cnt 0
Port 0:
admin status: UP
total channel up: 28
number uchan up: 24
number bchan up: 4
uchan in mode 1: 12
uchan in mode 2: 12
bchan in mode 1: 4
bchan in mode 2: 0
default mode: annex A modulation 256qam interleave 12
symbol_rate 6952
other mode: annex B modulation 256qam interleave 128x1
symbol rate 0
QAM 8x192 narrowcast support with two OFDM channels

The QAM 8x192 module with two OFDM channels now allows pre-binded
narrowcast DOCSIS channels in the shared channel range 32–63 as secondary
channels. These channels can be configured on the DOCSIS MAC interface as
downstream secondary channels, and added as QAM interfaces in service groups.
The show downstream channel set command has also been modified to show the
narrowcast shared channels.
Example
CASA(conf-if-mac 33)# show this
…
ip bundle 1
downstream 1 interface qam 1/0/32 secondary


…
CASA# show downstream channel set mac-domain 33
MAC Chan Channel
ID Set List
…
33 9 1/0/32
33 10 1/0/33
33 11 1/0/34
33 12 1/0/35
33 13 1/0/36
33 14 1/0/37
33 15 1/0/38
33 16 1/0/39
33 20 1/0/1w
OFDM QAM port upper power limits

For single-carrier (SC) and OFDM capabilities, the supported QAM port power upper
limit has been revised for both QAM 8x96 and QAM 8x192 modules.
The port power maximum output levels are:
• 620 dBmV for <= 1 channel

• 610 dBmV for 2 channels
• 600 dBmV for > 2 and <= 8 channels
• 560 dBmV for > 128 channels
The default port power remains at 510 dBmV.
OFDM channel power statistics

The downstream OFDM channel power now appears in show cable modem
remote-query [immediate] command output. It was previously omitted if the OFDM
channel was the first channel bonded.

Example
CASA(config)# show cable modem 6814.01f0.3ea1 remote-query ofdm 12/3/0
MAC Address IP Address
S/N US DS TX Time Micro(dB) Modem
Ratio Power Power Offset Reflection State
6814.01f0.3ea1 0.0.0.0
-- 34.3 7.4 2704 -- online(pt)
2001:0:168:24:e885:c04:f3a0:1a93
OFDMA data profiles and modem DBC

OFDMA Upstream Data Profile (OUDP) Interval Usage Code (IUC) changes for the
Upstream Channel Set now allow the ability to send a dynamic bonding change
(DBC) of a changing IUC set to the modem and to use multiple IUCs for secondary
bonding of OFDMA channels in the IUC profile (iuc-profile).
Changes are now reported in the show cable modem <mac-address> verbose
command output. IUCs (up to two) are reported in parentheses, with the leftmost
value reflecting the IUC presently in use. IUC 13 will always be present as the default.
Example
CASA# show cable modem 6814.01f0.3e47 verbose
MAC Address :6814.01f0.3e47
IP Address :10.64.1.158
MAC Status :online
CM-ID :1
Prim Sid :11
MAC Domain :2
Service-Group :G1
Upstream Channel Set :12/0.0/0, 12/0.1/0, 12/0.2/0,
12/0.3/0, 12/0.0w(10,13)
Downstream Channel Set :1/0/29, 1/0/1, 1/0/2, 1/0/3,
1/0/4, 1/0/5, 1/0/6, 1/0/7,
1/0/8, 1/0/9, 1/0/10, 1/0/11,
1/0/12, 1/0/13, 1/0/14,
1/0/15, 1/0/16, 1/0/17,
1/0/18, 1/0/19, 1/0/20,
1/0/21, 1/0/22, 1/0/23,
1/0/24, 1/0/25, 1/0/26,
1/0/27, 1/0/28, 1/0/0, 1/0/30,
1/0/31
Unusable channel list :
Upstream Channel :12/0.0/0 12/0.1/0
12/0.2/0 12/0.3/0 12/0.0w
Ranging Status :RNG_SUCCESS RNG_SUCCESS
RNG_SUCCESS RNG_SUCCESS
RNG_SUCCESS

OFDM data profile enhancement

An operational enhancement has been applied for improved handling and recovery of
OFDM data profiles. When the cable modem declares a higher OFDM data profile to
be usable in the cm-status message, the CMTS will now switch to the higher OFDM
data profile without waiting for the modem to declare the current OFDM data profile
as unusable.
OFDM profile modulation RxMER threshold percentage

The ofdm profile-modulation <type> rxmer threshold command has been
enhanced with the percentage parameter to set the return modulation error rate
(RxMER) percentage offset from the threshold value to prevent bad subcarriers from
disqualifying a modulation profile. The default percentage setting is 90 in the range 0
to 100.
Example
CASA(conf-ofdm-profile 1)# profile-modulation 256qam rxmer threshold
190 percentage 90
OFDMA forward error correction statistics

Forward Error Correction (FEC) results can now be derived specifically for OFDMA
upstream channels in the Casa CLI using the show upstream fec ofdma <slot>/
<port>.<chan> command. The upstream FEC counters can also be cleared
specifically for OFDMA channels using the clear upstream fec counters ofdma
<slot>/<port>.<chan> command.
Example
CASA# show upstream fec ofdma 12/0.0
US chan frequency status cFEC uFEC
12/0.0w - UP 2226783 1565
CASA# clear upstream fec counters ofdma 12/0.0
OFDMA channels in CASA-CABLE-CMCPE-MIB file

The casaCmtsUSModemTable in the CASA-CABLE-CMCPE-MIB has been updated
to include OFDMA channels in response to SNMP queries. The modem table includes
modem counts for each upstream channel.

RFoG scheduler support for OFDMA channels

The Radio Frequency over Glass (RFoG) scheduler, defined in DOCSIS3.1 has been
updated to support OFDMA channels.The RFoG scheduler allocates the upstream
spectrum for modem upstream transmissions to ensure that time slots do not overlap if
these modems are on the same optical fiber. RFoG mode is enabled or disabled on a
per service group basis.
Example
CASA(config)# service group SVGP
CASA(conf-svc-grp SVGP)# ofdma 11/1.0
CASA(conf-svc-grp SVGP)# upstream rfog-scheduler
CASA(conf-svc-grp SVGP)# show this
service group SVGP

upstream rfog-scheduler
…
ofdma 11/1.0
OFDMA data IUCs in show cable modem

The show cable modem [<mac_addr>] verbose command has been enhanced in the
Casa CLI to include the current OFDMA data IUCs (up to two) for each channel in the
Upstream Channel Set listing. With multiple IUCs, the active one is listed first.
Example
CASA# show cable modem verbose | include "Upstream Channel Set"
Upstream Channel Set :12/2.0w(5,13), 12/0.0w(13)
ping docsis command enhancements

The ping docsis command in the Casa CLI has been enhanced to support pinging a
selected upstream bonded channel. The command previously allowed pinging IPv4,
IPv6, and MAC addresses for upstream channels with the option to specify the
number of pings and verbose output. OFDMA channels are now included.
Example
CASA# ping docsis 0895.2a9b.2a99 ofdma 12/2.0 3 verbose
PING DOCSIS 0895.2a9b.2a99 on ofdma 12/2.0w
RNG-REQ from 0895.2a9b.2a99 on ofdma 12/2.0w 12 ms, p-offset=1,
f-offset=0, t-offset=0


f-offset=0, t-offset=-1
f-offset=0, t-offset=-1
--- 0895.2a9b.2a99 ping docsis statistics ---
3 station maintenance scheduled, 3 RNG-REQ received 100% success
Show run verbose command shows defaults

The show running-config verbose command now displays the default values for
L2VPN, DHCP, and cable ARP settings.
Example
CASA> show run verbose | inc cable.arp
no cable arp fast-timeout
cable arp filter 8 2
Pmax value in show cable modem

The Pmax value has been added to show cable modem verbose command output as
part of DOCSIS 3.1. Pmax is the maximum total transmit power that the cable modem
can support. The default and lowest possible value is 65 dBmV.
Example
CASA# show cable modem verbose
…
Reported Max Total Power Output (dBmV) :65.0
Timing Offset :2478
Initial Timing Offset :2478
Received Power :0 dBmV
…
Video interfaces on Ethernet ports

Up to sixteen video interfaces (1 through 16) can now be configured on a single GigE
or XGigE port, with each port having a unique IP address. The previously supported
number of video interfaces per port was four.
Example
CASA(config)# show interface video
interface video 1
ip address 192.168.18.200 255.255.255.0
ip igmp

input-port-id 1
bandwidth 10000000
gige 6/0
…
interface video 16
ip address 192.168.18.215 255.255.255.0
ip igmp
input-port-id 1
bandwidth 10000000
gige 6/0
UDP port offset value range for video mapping

The start-udp-offset parameter of the video table custom prog-per-chan
<number> setting in the Casa CLI has been changed from a fixed sequence of values
to the range <1:65535>. The offset optionally sets the first valid UDP port for the
video table mapping; the default is 1.
Example
CASA(config)# video table custom prog-per-chan 64 chan-per-port 24
start-udp-offset 65 skip-chan 12
Video EDIS configuration output-port-base parameter

The output-port-base <0 |1> parameter has been added to the video edis
configuration to provide an additional channel offset of 1 for interoperability with the
Cisco SRM Explorer Controller™ for QAM setup and creation of VOD sessions. The
default setting if not configured remains at 0.
Example
CASA(conf-video-edis 1)# output-port-base ?
<0-1> 0 or 1 base. Default is 0
CASA(conf-video-edis 1)# output-port-base 1
To revert to the default setting:
CASA(conf-video-edis 1)# output-port-base 0
Two-stage video session creation with encryption

Support for two-stage video session creation when performing encryption with the
Cisco SRM Explorer Controller™ has been implemented in this software image. The
enhancement changes the behavior of how an encrypted session creation response

occurs when no CA data is present with the Encrypted Flag set to 1. The second stage
handles the video session creation request.
Video EDIS reset indication

TCP connectivity with the CCAP was lost after an SMM switchover with the Explorer
Controller SRM (EC). New video sessions could not be created after the switchover.
The on-failover option has been added to the reset-indication parameter in the
video edis configuration context to enable the CCAP to send a reset indication to the
EC at the time of an SMM switchover. The reset indication informs the EC to
reestablish the TCP connection with the CCAP so that video session establishment is
resumed.
Example
CASA(conf-video-edis 6)# reset-indication on-failure
SimulCrypt Scrambling Control Groups

The maximum number of supported DVB Simulcrypt Scrambling Control Groups
(SCGs) has been increased in the software from 512 to 10000 per C100G chassis.
There are no configuration requirements with this change.
SimulCrypt ECMG server last time up statistic corrected

The “Server Last Time Up” statistics reported with the show video simulcrypt ecmg
command has been corrected to display the time since the ECMG was last
disconnected. Previously, the reported time was the connection uptime with the
ECMG.
Example
CASA(config)# show video simulcrypt ecmg
Encryption Period : 30
…
ECMG yli1:
…
Stream Information:
Stream ID Stream ECM ID CP number Status
--------- ------------- --------- ------
1 0 N/A Active
Server Last Time Up : Fri Oct 21 13:34:09 2016

debug cable igmp command

The debug cable igmp command has been introduced in the Casa CLI to log Internet
Group Management Protocol (IGMP) event messages.
Example
CASA# debug cable igmp
CASA# show debugging
Cable:
mac-address: 0000.0000.0000
mask : ffff.ffff.ffff
igmp
…
debug cable pre-equalization command

The debug cable pre-equalization command has been added in the Casa CLI enable
mode to display the pre-equalization coefficients sent to cable modems over
non-OFDM channels.
Example
CASA# debug cable mac-address 0895.2a9b.2a99
CASA# debug cable pre-equalization
Cable:
mac-address: 0895.2a9b.2a99
…
pre-equalization
debug ddm mcast syslog command

The debug ddm mcast syslog command has been added in the Casa CLI enable mode
to control logging of multicast error messages to the system non-volatile log file.
When enabled, the multicast debug messages are sent to CASALOG, which are then
directed to the system (console) and/or non-volatile log file (on flash disk).
This enhancement is disabled by default. When disabled, all multicast logging

messages are sent to the /tmp/multicast_log file only.
Example
CASA# debug ddm mcast ?
<cr>

dbc dbc debugging info

detail detailed debugging info
error error level debugging
igmp igmp level debugging
syslog send debugging messages to local system log
trace trace the path
CASA# debug ddm mcast syslog

SMM 6 debugging status
PIM debugging status:
IP PIM error debug on
DDM MCAST Debugging Status:
debugging mcast trace ON
debugging mcast igmp ON
debugging mcast error ON
send debugging messages to local system log ONLY
debug config qam flag command enhancement

The cumulative debug levels from 5 through 7 were added to the debug config qam
flag command in the Casa CLI diag mode. The modes currently are defined as:
• 0 – All off
• 1 – Debug
• 2 – BQAM
• 3 – QCC
• 4 – Mode
• 5 – Power
• 6 – DVB
• 7 – All on
Example
CASA(diag)# debug config qam flag 7
CASA(diag)# show debug config qam flag
Qam config debug flag:
debug_flag=1
debug_bqam=1
debug_qcc=1
debug_mode=1
debug_power=1
debug_dvb=1

CPE count consistency between CLI and SNMP MIBs

The Casa database capacity has been extended to ensure that SNMP queries to the
casaCmtsCmMacToCpeEntry object in the CASA-CABLE-CMCPE-MIB report the
same number of CPEs as the CLI show cable modem cpe command output.
DOCSIS-IF31-MIB update
The DOCS-IF31-MIB has been updated to the latest version of the CableLabs
DOCS-IF31-MIB-2016-08-18. The docsIf31DocsisBaseCapability of 4 (DOCSIS 3.0)
is maintained for management system compatibility.
docsIf31DocsisBaseCapability OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX ClabsDocsisVersion
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This attribute reports the DOCSIS capability of the device.
A CMTS reports its highest supported DOCSIS version while a CM
reports its supported DOCSIS version.
This attribute replaces docsIfDocsisBaseCapability defined in

RFC 4546."
::= { docsIf31MibObjects 1 }
Other changes to the DOCS-IF31-MIB:
• docsIf31CmtsCmDsOfdmProfileTotalCodewords — Removed.
• docsIf31CmUsOfdmaChanTxPower — Changed tenthBmv to Unsigned32.
• docsIf31CmUsOfdmaChanChannelId — Added.
• docsIf31CmtsDsOfdmProfileStatsProfileId — Changed Index to ID.
• docsIf31CmtsDsOfdmProfileStatsProfileId — Removed.
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanId — Changed CHID to Integer32
• docsIf31CmEmDlsCfgExitBitrateThrshld — Changed
docsIf31CmEmDlsCfgEntryBitrateThrshld.
• docsIf31CmEmDlsCfgEntryBitrateThrshld — Changed
docsIf31CmEmDlsCfgExitBitrateThrshld.

CASA-QAM-MIB update
The casaQamPortMacAddress object in the CASA-QAM-MIB has been modified
to be read-only. Previously, the setting was read-write, where an SNMP query was
returning modifiable values. Zero values are now returned.
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.25.1.1.1.4
casaQamPortMacAddress OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX MacAddress
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The Qam Port MacAddress."
::= { casaQamPortEntry 4 }
CASA-IP-TRUNK-MIB change
The value range of the casaIpTrunkGroupId object of the CASA-IP-TRUNK-MIB
has been increased to a maximum of 2147483647 group IDs.
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.23.1.1.1.1
casaIpTrunkGroupId OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This attribute uniquely identifies a Group."
::= { casaIpTrunkEntry 1 }
Maximum channels per DSG tunnel-group

The maximum number of channels per DSG tunnel-group has been increased to 2560
with a maximum of 5120 DSG channels across all tunnel groups system-wide.
Previously, the software supported up to 1280 DSG channels per tunnel-group and
2560 DSG channels across all tunnel groups.
Example
CASA(config)# dsg tunnel-group 21
CASA(conf-dsg-tunnel-grp 21)# channel 1 qam 1/0/0
maximum channel limit in all dsg tunnel-groups has been reached: 5120 !

Console logins over active SMM

The message “This is the standby SMM. Please log into the system from the active
SMM!” will now be presented if a newly configured user with level 0 through 14
access privileges attempts to login over the console port at the SMM standby. Console
logins to the system are only supported at the active SMM.
show multicast client commands

The show multicast client stat command was added to the Casa CLI to display
multicast client statistics, including forwarded, filtered and dropped reports, and rate
limit drops. The show multicast client summary command was also enhanced with
IGMP statistics, including total joins and the number of total reports for IPv4 and
IPv6.
Example
CASA(config)# show multicast client stat
|Forwarded Reports |Filtered Reports
module|total |rate/min |acl |submgt
3 |67 |10 |4 |0
|Dropped Reports
|group mismatch |invalid
|3 |13
|Rate Limit Drops
|per cm |per module
|16 |13
…
CASA(config)# show multicast client summary
MD Static/Dynamic Last Reporter Multicast Session
1 0 /2 10.94.0.180 <226.94.2.0, 0.0.0.0>
1 0 /2 10.94.0.180 <226.94.2.1, 0.0.0.0>
…
MD Total Joins (v4/v6) Active Groups (v4/v6) Total Reports (v4/v6)
Rate/Min (v4/v6)
1 2/0 2/0
3 1/1 1/1
…
show system detail command enhancement

The CLI show system detail command now displays the Major and Minor revision
information for installed system modules in both the enable and diag modes. Modules
of earlier manufacture may not have the revision information programmed into the
module and the revision information will not presented in the display.

Example
CASA(config)# show system detail
Product: C10G, System Uptime:0 d, 8 h, 28 m, 15 s
System Time: Thu Jan 26 11:35:11 UTC 2017
128MHz, 5 PPM Crystal Clock
Module 6, Master SMM_2x10G, Status ACTIVE

Major rev 1, Minor rev 0
Serial_No: SB14BA7S0299 Part_No: PCA-0037-01
CFE version 12.4.11
Uptime: 0 d, 8 h, 28 m, 15 s
show spectrum upstream command update

The show spectrum upstream <slot>/<port>.<chan> chan-width command now
includes the previously missing 200000 Hz channel width value as defined in the
CASA-SPECTRUM-MIB casaSpectrumMeasurementChannelWidth object.
Example
CASA# show spectrum upstream 13/0 chan-width ?
<200000|400000|800000|1600000|3200000|6400000> channel width value
Casa Video Web UI changes and enhancements
Chart and table view toggles
The Monitoring > Interface > NIC, Monitoring > QAM > Statistics, and
Monitoring >QAM > Video Statistics screens in the Casa Video Web UI have been
enhanced with the capability to toggle between charts and data tables. The charts can
be grouped or stacked and can be filtered by criteria, such as in or out packets and
detected/available bit rate.
Similar changes were made to the Monitoring > Alarm, Monitoring > Log, and
Monitoring > QAM > Power screens.
Multiple table row selection
The multiple table row selection and deletion feature was introduced in many of the
configuration and monitoring screens of the Casa Video Web UI.

Deselected table rows presented in Casa Video Web UI screen displays are now
properly identified as deselected. Refreshing a table with a selected table row now
properly refreshes the table without clearing the selected row.
Green-lighted NMS requests
Network Management System (NMS) requests are now “green-lighted” in the Casa
Video Web UI without the need for Video Web UI credentials. Up to eight NMS
servers can be configured at the CMTS.
The NMS requests are honored if they are set up through the system nms
<ip_address> command. Requests appear in the show system nms command output.
Example
CASA# show system nms
---------------------------------------------------------
server-ip port scheme heartbeat notifyUrl
192.168.8.8 8080 http 60 /nms-web-ui/api/notification
IPv6 address validation
IPv6 address validation has been added to the loopback, NIC, trunk, and VLAN
interface configuration screens of the Casa Video Web UI. Symbol rate ranges were
also validated for Annex A and C channel widths for the QAM configuration screen.
General enhancements
The Casa Video Web UI has been enhanced to include the CPU rate, RAM rate, and
space-used statistics in graphic pie chart format on the System > General screen.
The Monitoring > QAM > Statistics screen also now shows color variations for the
Available Bytes and Used Bytes areas of the chart.
EDIS SRM output port base
The Casa Video Web UI has been enhanced to include the Output Port Base column
and parameter for the EDIS SRM video configuration. Output port base 0 is used by
Casa or Cisco SRM by default, while output port base 1 is used by BigBand SRM.

ACL and route map maximums

The maximum number of supported access control lists (ACLs) and route maps per
system has been increased from 32 to 128.
show interface qam block command enhancement

The show interface qam <slot>/<port> block command has been enhanced in the
Casa CLI to display the FPGA channel mapping for shared channels. The output
shows the FPGA ID and the channel ID in parentheses at the end of shared channel
line entries.
Example
CASA# show interface qam 1/0 block
QCC_MODULE_INFO:
uc_mode 1: mid 1 annex A mod 256qam intlv 12 symb 6952 ref_cnt 128
uc_mode 2: mid 2 annex B mod 256qam intlv 128x1 symb 0 ref_cnt 64
bc_mode 1: mid 3 annex A mod 256qam intlv 12 symb 6952 ref_cnt 20
…
block 3 freq 866000000 mask 00001fef mode_id 3 in_used 1
…
shared-channel 0 freq 906000000 blk 3 off 5 mid 1 annex A mod
256qam intlv 12 sym 6952 dvb 0 act 2 sta_m 0x21 ch 76 sch 0 (10,0)
…
show mirror command

The show mirror command has been introduced in the Casa CLI diag mode to
display the current mirror state defined by the mirror cm traffic <ip_address>
command.
Example
CASA(diag)# show mirror
Mirroring CM e4.48.c7.b4.a8.cc to host IP 0xc0a8059a
NMS event notification

The Network Management System (NMS) server CCAP monitoring feature has been
introduced in the Casa CLI with the system nsm <ip_address> [port <1:65535>]
[heartbeat <1:3600>] [notifyURL <url>] command. The CMTS will send the NMS
server any event notifications reported by the show alarm command and

notifications in the /tmp/snmptraplog.gui file. The NMS server reports event levels
CRITICAL, ALARM, WARNING, and INFO.
Up to eight NMS servers can be configured for the CMTS. The no form of the
command removes an NMS server connection.
The show system nms command displays the NMS settings.
The port number (default 8080), heartbeat (default 60 seconds), and notifyURL
(default /nms-web-ui/api/notification) parameters are optional.
Example
CASA(conf)# system nms 172.0.1.163 port 8080 heartbeat 60 notifyUrl
/nms-web-ui/api/notification
CASA(conf)# show system nms
server-ip port scheme heartbeat notifyUrl
172.0.1.163 8080 http 60 /nms-web-ui/api/notification
CASA(conf)# no system nms 172.0.1.163
CASA(conf)# show system nms
CASA(conf)#
IPv6 Provider Edge Routers (6PE) in BGP routes (RFC4698)

Support has been added for IPv6 Provider Edge Routers (6PE) in BGP routes as
defined in RFC4698. 6PE routers are dual stack in order to connect to IPv6 islands and
to the MPLS core, which is only required to run IPv4 MPLS. The 6PE routers
exchange the IPv6 reachability information transparently over the core using the
Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol (MP-BGP) over IPv4.
The implementation allows for a single 6PE Autonomous System (AS) and supports
prefix delegation for IPv6 address assignment. The following commands and
functions support 6PE:
• address-family ipv6 labeled-unicast

• [no] address-family ipv6 labeled-unicast
• show ipv6 bgp labeled-unicast
• show ipv6 bgp labeled-unicast summary
• show ipv6 bgp labeled-unicast XX::XX/len
• show ip bgp neighbors A.B.C.D

BGP multiple recursion support

Multiple recursion is now supported when looking up forwarding destinations for
BGP-learned routes. The enhancement ensures that destination routers have the
expected MPLS forwarding tags.
BGP IPv6 labeled-unicast neighbor functions

The BGP router address-family ipv6 labeled-unicast command in the Casa CLI has
been extended to include additional neighbor functions.
Example
CASA(config-router-bgp)# address-family ipv6 labeled-unicast
CASA(config-router-af)# neighbor 114_by_243_244 ?
activate Enable the Address Family for this
Neighbor
allowas-in Accept as-path with my AS present in
it
attribute-unchanged BGP attribute is propagated unchanged
to this neighbor
distribute-list Filter updates to/from this neighbor
filter-list Establish BGP filters
maximum-prefix Maximum number of prefix accept from
this peer
next-hop-self Disable the next hop calculation for
this neighbor
prefix-list Filter updates to/from this neighbor
remove-private-AS Remove private AS number from
outbound updates
route-map Apply route map to neighbor
send-community Send Community attribute to this
neighbor
weight Set default weight for routes from
this neighbor
BGP and VRF MVPN address-family changes

The [no] address-family ipv4 mvpn property has been removed from BGP and VRF
configurations due to MVPN being disabled. The Multicast Distribution Tree (MDT)
configuration has been retained.
Example
CASA(config-router-bgp)# address-family ipv4 ?
mdt Subsequent Address family 66 for
Multicast VPN

unicast Address Family modifier

vrf VPN Routing/Forwarding instance
CASA(config-router-bgp)# no address-family ipv4 ?
Multicast VPN
unicast Address Family modifier
vrf VPN Routing/Forwarding instance
CASA(config)# ip vrf City-GZ ?
CASA(config-vrf)# multicast-routing
CASA(conf-vrf-mcast)# address-family ipv4 ?
Multicast VPN
CASA(conf-vrf-mcast)# no address-family ipv4 ?
Multicast VPN
show ipv6 bgp labeled-unicast neighbors command

The show ipv6 bgp labeled-unicast neighbors <ipv6> advertised-routes command
has been introduced in the Casa CLI to identify BGP-advertised routes for IPv6
neighbors.
Example
CASA# show ipv6 bgp labeled-unicast neighbors 177.177.177.79
advertised-routes
BGP table version is 2, local router ID is 177.177.177.106
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i -
internal Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path

*>i 177::177:54:1/128
::ffff:b1b1:b16a 0 100 0 65535 ?
*>i 177::177:54:2/128
::ffff:b1b1:b16a 0 100 0 65535 ?
*>i 177::177:54:3/128
::ffff:b1b1:b16a 0 100 0 65535 ?
*>i 177::177:106:1/128
::ffff:b1b1:b16a 0 100 32768 ?
*>i 177::177:106:2/128
::ffff:b1b1:b16a 0 100 32768 ?
*>i 177::177:106:3/128
::ffff:b1b1:b16a 0 100 32768 ?
Total number of prefixes 6

Metrics handling in IGP to BGP route redistributions

When redistributing IGP routes into BGP, route metrics are now carried in the route
advertisement. The enhancement applies to both IPv4 and IPv6 routes.
IS-IS process optimization

The IS-IS process has been optimized for faster processing of route update messages
with no impact on system performance. The enhancement addresses possible delays
which could occur as the ISIS network scales up.
DHCP relay agent option TLV Minor Version Number

The DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 Relay Agent Option TLV reported to cable modems by
the CMTS in DHCP provisioning packets has been updated to Minor Version Number
1 to reflect DOCSIS 3.1 capability. Previously, Minor Version Number 0 was used to
reflect DOCSIS 3.0 capability.
NetFlow V9 support
Support has been added for NetFlow V9 network traffic flow monitoring. NetFlow
provides the ability to collect IP network traffic as it enters or exits an interface. By
analyzing the data, a network administrator can determine such things as the source
and destination of traffic, class of service, and the causes of congestion. A network
flow is a unidirectional stream of packets identified as the combination of factors. Any
one of the following factors being different defines the flow as unique:
• Source and destination IP address

• IP protocol
• Source and destination port number
• Type of service (ToS)
• Ingress interface (SNMP IfIndex).
The Casa NetFlow implementation is based on NetFlow Version 9, described in RFCs
7011 and 7012. Version 9 is template-based and complies with IPv6 as well as IPv4
addressing. NetFlow information collection is turned on and off on individual IP
bundle interfaces only.

One sampler MAP and one exporter map are supported per CMTS, with one data
template each for IPv4 and IPv6. Each line card is both an observation domain and an
export device. Only UDP transport is supported. NetFlow depends on a sampling rate.
The Casa minimum sampling rate is defined as one packet out of one thousand
packets.
The following commands have been added to support NetFlow monitoring:
• [no] flow exporter-map <name> — Source loopback and destination addresses

and port definitions, template timeouts, and transport definitions, with
accompanying show command.
• [no] flow monitor-map <name> — Protocol, exporter name, and cache timeout
definitions, with accompanying show command.
• [no] flow sampler-map <name> — Sampler rate definition, minimum one per
thousand packets, default 1024, maximum 10000 packets, with accompanying
show command.
• flow ingress and flow egress definitions applied to the IP bundle interface.
PCMM minimum reserved bandwidth

An issue which was preventing the minimum reserved bandwidth using PacketCable
Multimedia (PCMM) from being set to 0 kbps has been fixed. The software now
accepts the zero value, as shown in show cable modem qos output as the MinRsvRate
(kbps). The problem was observed during unicast session setup.
Example
CASA# show cable modem 6814.01f0.3e47 qos
Sfid Dir Curr Sid Sched Prio MaxSusRate MaxBrst
State Type (kbps)
MinRsvRate PeakTrafRate Throughput ServiceClassName
(kbps) (kbps) (kbps)
Mac Addr : 6814.01f0.3e47
16385 US act 1 BE 0 0 30000
0 0 0
24578 DS act N/A UNDEF 0 0 3044
0 0 0
24585 DS act N/A UNDEF 0 0 3044
0 0 0

PacketCable gate maxcount setting

The [no] packetcable gate maxcount <1:196607> setting has been added to the Casa
CLI to set the maximum gate count per chassis for PacketCable, PCMM multicast,
and PCMM unicast sessions. The default maximum is 30% of cable modem count, as
indicated in the following example. In addition to the maximum number of
PacketCable and PCMM gates to 192K, the maximum number of IGMP clients has
also been increased to 192K.
Example
CASA(config)# packetcable gate maxcount ?
<1-196607> gate count,default is cm_num*3/10,
Warning: This command may free all current gates
TTY input buffer increase

A software fix has been applied to increase the TTY input buffer from 64K to 512K.
Previously, a buffer overrun condition was reported when attempting to copy and
paste a full running configuration over a console connection where some of the
configuration line entries were dropped.

Prior features in Release 7.2

This section covers the product enhancements, new and revised CLI commands, and
other functionality changes that have been implemented in Release 7.2 through 7.2.3.
Detailed configuration information can be found in the following manuals published
for Release 7.2.

QAM 8x192 downstream module enhancements

Release 7.2 introduces support for multi-port shared channels for broadcast video on
the QAM 8x192 module for the Casa C100G and C40G platforms.
The QAM 8x192 also supports migration to the DOCSIS 3.1 Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing (OFDM) channel modulation over 10 Gbps downstream and
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) 1 Gbps upstream service
flows. See the next section, “Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
(OFDMA)” for information on the initial OFDMA support in Release 7.2.
The following capabilities have been implemented on the QAM 8x192 downstream
module:
• Combined 64 multi-port shared channels (broadcast) and 64 narrowcast channels

per port: 128
• Maximum multi-port shared channels per module: 128
• Up to 80 narrowcast channels (0 to 79) for DOCSIS, SDV, VOD. (All 128
multi-port shared channels must be narrowcast with no shared broadcast.
• Maximum multi-port shared (broadcast) channels: 64
• Up to 24 Annex A, B, and C channels per port operating in DVB Simulcrypt
encryption mode. These 24 channels must be configured at the upper channel
range, such as 48 to 63. All multi-port shared channels support DVB Simulcrypt.

• Up to two downstream OFDM channels using channel 0 and channel 1, and one
upstream OFDMA channel.
See the following sections for more information:
• “Support for two OFDM downstream channels in R7.2.3.0”
• “Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)”
Implementation notes
• To use the maximum number of narrowcast channels per port (>64), use the video
channel-id-offset command introduced in Release 7.1 so that the number of
narrowcast video channels per port is less than or equal to 64.
The command excludes DOCSIS channels from the video channel numbering
space. The specified offset indicates the number of reserved DOCSIS channels;
video channel numbering begins following the offset, with the first video channel
number beginning at 0.
• Multi-port shared channels are for broadcast video purposes and can only be
configured with the Casa CLI. Therefore, table mode VOD or EDIS/GQI-based
session creation should not be used over the multi-port shared channels.
Unsupported functionality in Release 7.2
• On the QAM 8x192 module, when enabling DVB Simulcrypt on any QAM
channel within an 8-channel block, all remaining channels within that block are
unavailable as DOCSIS channels. All channels within the block must be DVB
Simulcrypt video channels.
• The QAM 8x192 module is NOT supported on the Casa C10G platform.
• QAM 8x192 shared channels and DVB Simulcrypt are not presently supported
with the two-channel OFDM frequency scheme.
QAM 8x192 broadcast video (MPTS pass-through)
Release 7.2 supports broadcast video (MPTS pass-through processing) over QAM
8x192 ports 0 to 7 where one input MPTS can be output to one QAM multi-port
shared channel. Note that PID replacement (drop and add) is supported with broadcast
video.
Perform the follow steps to configure the QAM 8x192 for video broadcast.

1. Configure the multi-port shared channels, including the interface video,

interface qam, and video qam domain configurations.
2. Configure the broadcast video configuration using the video session <identifier>
pass-through command.
Configuring the multi-port shared channels
Once a shared channel on one of the QAM 8x192 ports is created, this channel can
then be shared across one or more ports (up to seven additional) on the same module.
The following CLI session configures the shared channels on port 0 and shares them
with port 1 using the following steps.
1. Configure the number of narrowcast channels on the QAM 8x192 in system
slot 4.
2. Configure the shared channel identifier on the first module and number of
channels to be shared.
3. Configure no shared-channel shutdown for each port interface.
4. Execute the show module <slot> shared-channel mapping command to verify
the configuration.
Example
CASA(config)# module 4 narrowcast-channels 64
CASA(config)# show narrowcast-channels
module 4 narrowcast-channels 64
CASA(config)# interface video 10

CASA(conf-if-video 10)# ip address 88.88.88.88 255.255.255.0
CASA(config)# interface qam 4/0

CASA(config-if-qam 4/0)# shared-channel 0 frequency 47000000 16
CASA(config-if-qam 4/0)# no shared-channel 0 shutdown 16
CASA(config-if-qam 4/0)# show interface qam 4/0

.
.
shared-channel 0 frequency 47000000
no shared-channel 0 shutdown








CASA(config)# show module 4 shared-channel mapping

PORT CHAN SH_CH FREQ(MHz) BINDP BINDC BINDM ANNEX MOD SYMB REPL-P P_MASK BLK_OFF
STATUS
0 0 0 47000000 0 64 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 0 up
0 1 1 55000000 0 65 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 1 up

0 2 2 63000000 0 66 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 2 up

0 3 3 71000000 0 67 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 3 up
0 4 4 79000000 0 68 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 4 up
0 5 5 87000000 0 69 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 5 up
0 6 6 95000000 0 70 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 6 up
0 7 7 103000000 0 71 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 7 up
0 8 8 111000000 0 72 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 8 up
0 9 9 119000000 0 73 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 9 up
0 10 10 127000000 0 74 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 10 up
0 11 11 135000000 0 75 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 11 up
0 12 12 143000000 0 76 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 12 up
0 13 13 151000000 0 77 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 13 up
0 14 14 159000000 0 78 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 14 up
0 15 15 167000000 0 79 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 15 up
2 0 0 47000000 0 64 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 0 up

2 1 1 55000000 0 65 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 1 up
2 2 2 63000000 0 66 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 2 up
2 3 3 71000000 0 67 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 3 up
2 4 4 79000000 0 68 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 4 up
2 5 5 87000000 0 69 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 5 up
2 6 6 95000000 0 70 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 6 up
2 7 7 103000000 0 71 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 7 up
2 8 8 111000000 0 72 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 8 up
2 9 9 119000000 0 73 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 9 up
2 10 10 127000000 0 74 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 10 up
2 11 11 135000000 0 75 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 11 up
2 12 12 143000000 0 76 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 12 up
2 13 13 151000000 0 77 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 13 up
2 14 14 159000000 0 78 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 0 14 up
7 0 0 47000000 0 64 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 255 255 up

7 1 1 55000000 0 65 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 255 255 up
7 2 2 63000000 0 66 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 255 255 up
7 3 3 71000000 0 67 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 255 255 up
7 4 4 79000000 0 68 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 255 255 up
7 5 5 87000000 0 69 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 255 255 up
7 6 6 95000000 0 70 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 255 255 up
7 7 7 103000000 0 71 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 255 255 up
7 8 8 111000000 0 72 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 255 255 up
7 9 9 119000000 0 73 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 255 255 up
7 10 10 127000000 0 74 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 255 255 up
7 11 11 135000000 0 75 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 255 255 up
7 12 12 143000000 0 76 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 255 255 up
7 13 13 151000000 0 77 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 255 255 up
7 14 14 159000000 0 78 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 255 255 up
7 15 15 167000000 0 79 ff A 256qam 6952 255 00 255 255 up
5. Add multi-port shared channels to the video QAM domain and QAM group. The
qam-group command in the video qam-domain configuration supports the range
of narrowcast and multi-port shared channels.
Example
CASA(config)# video qam-domain 1
CASA(conf-qam-domain 1)# qam-group <id> shared-channel <first>
<last>
where id is the QAM group ID in the range 1–8, and first and last are the first and
last QAM channels in the block of multi-port shared channels.
CASA(config)# video qam-domain 1
CASA(conf-qam-domain 1)# qam-group 2 shared-channel 0/0 0/15
CASA(conf-qam-domain 1)# show video qam-domain

video qam-domain 1

edis 1
video service group 1
interface video 6
qam-group 1 0/0/16 0/0/31
qam-group 2 shared-channel 0/0 0/15 <<<<==== 16 multi-port
shared channels added to
video qam-domain
Configuring broadcast video pass-through
Create a video pass-through session on one QAM 8x192 module, then repeat the
command for additional QAM 8x192 modules. In the example below, the MPTS
broadcast video stream is being configured on slot/channel 4/0 (system slot 4, channel
0).
In the example below, the MPTS is destined for the multicast group address at IP
227.0.0.0 on the system QAM module in slot 4, where 4/0 is the slot/channel for
module slot 4.
The video source IP address for the MPTS is 17.56.102.2.
Example
CASA(config)# video session 1 pass-through ip-address 227.0.0.0
qam-channels shared-channel 4/0 src-ip 17.56.102.2

QAM 8x192 redundancy requirements for OFDM

This section covers the redundant QAM 8x192 requirements when multiple modules
are installed in the C100G.
Active module Redundant module I/O module SMM usage
QAM 8x192 QAM 8x192 8-port I/O SMM 8x10G or SMM

2x10G
One OFDM channel One OFDM channel
64 SC-QAM channels 64 SC-QAM channels Release 7.2.2 or greater
(note that this configura-
tion is also supported in
the previous R7.2.1
release).
QAM 8x192 QAM 8x192 8-port I/O SMM 8x10G or SMM
2x10G
Two OFDM channels Two OFDM channels
32 SC-QAM channels 32 SC-QAM channels Release 7.2.2 or greater
Support for two OFDM downstream channels in R7.2.3.0

QAM 8x192 module support for up to two downstream OFDM channels has been
introduced in R7.2.3.0 on the QAM 8x192 module with the following supported
channel capacities per module:
• One OFDM channel (0); 64 SC-QAM channels per port, and 128 broadcast/
shared channels per module, or
• Two OFDM channels (0 and 1); 32 SC-QAM channels per port
Note: When configuring two OFDM channels per QAM 8x192 port, the shared
channel and DVB Simulcrypt features are NOT presently supported.
QAM 8x192 redundancy limitation (by design)
QAM 8x192 line cards operating in the OFDM two-channel mode will not be
redundancy protected if the QAM 8x192 standby is configured for one OFDM
channel and 64 SC-QAM channels. This also applies in the opposite scenario.

For QAM 8x192 redundancy protection, the standby QAM 8x192 module in
redundant system slot 5 or 8 must be configured as a matching one-channel OFDM or
two-channel OFDM channel scheme.
To redundancy-protect the active QAM card with a non-matching standby QAM card,
interactively configure the standby QAM card to match the active QAM so that both
modules are a matching single-channel OFDM or two-channel OFDM before
performing a switchover.
See the next section for information on configuring two OFDM channels, as well as
reverting back to one OFDM channel.
Configuration steps
Perform the following steps to enable two OFDM channels (and 32 SC-QAM
channels) in Release 7.2.3:
1. Issue the module <number> ofdm-channels command in the CLI configuration

mode.
Example
CASA(config)# module 4 ofdm-channels 2
Need to reboot module 4 to apply the change.
Note: The command is NOT required for one OFDM channel and 64 SC-QAM
channels (by default).
2. Reset the module using the reboot module <number> command.
Example
CASA(config)# reboot module 4
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the redundant module to ensure a matching OFDM
configuration between the active and standby QAM8x192 modules.
Reverting to one OFDM channel
To undo the 2-channel OFDM configuration and revert to one OFDM channel and 64
SC-QAM channels, perform the following steps:

1. Issue the module <number> ofdm-channels command in the CLI configuration

mode:
Example
2. Reset the module using the reboot module <number> command.
Example
CASA(config)# reboot module 4
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the redundant module to ensure a matching OFDM
configuration between the active and standby QAM8x192 modules.
Remaining configuration steps

Perform the follow steps to complete the OFDM configuration.
1. Enable DOCSIS 3.1 using the cable docsis version 31 command in the CLI
configuration mode.
2. Configure the OFDM channels. See the Casa Systems – RF Cable Configuration
Guide and Command Reference for Release 7.1 for complete information on
OFDM.
3. Save the configuration using the copy running-config startup-config command.
4. Perform a system reboot to load the OFDM channel and SC-QAM configuration
to the active the standby QAM 8x192 modules.
Dynamic modulation profile change on OFDM channels

Release 7.2 supports dynamic modulation profile changes on OFDM channels. In
situations where the modem modulation error ratio (MER) on an OFDM channel can
no longer support the highest-rate profile, the software will automatically change to a
profile with a lower modulation rate.
During modem registration, the CMTS will select the appropriate OFDM channels
and the highest-rate profile according to the modem’s capability. Once the modem
returns a registration acknowledgment, the CMTS will then request the Rx MER from
the modem to determine if the error rate is too high to support the current modulation

profile. The software will maintain the highest-rate profile and only move to a
lower-rate modulation profile if necessary.
Once the modem comes online with the CMTS, the software will switch between
modulation profiles (if requested by the modem) to ensure that the highest-rate profile
is being applied to modems on the OFDM channel.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)

OFDMA is the multi-user version of OFDM where many users can transmit and
receive over a single channel simultaneously. OFDMA uses distributed subcarriers
among users to enable multiple user transmissions over one channel. DOCSIS Version
3.1-specific modems are necessary to support OFDMA in the cable network. DOCSIS
3.0 and earlier modems are not supported.
The OFDMA upstream channel capability is available for the UPS 16x8 line card on
the C100G and C40G platforms and is based on the DOCSIS 3.1 specifications from
CableLabs. One OFDMA upstream channel is supported on Release 7.2.
Backward compatibility and interoperability with legacy QAM and UPS channels
coexists with both OFDM (downstream) and OFDMA (upstream) implementations.
UPS 16x8 redundancy limitation with OFDMA (by design)
UPS 16x8 line cards operating in the TDMA/OFDMA mixed-mode will not be
redundancy protected if the UPS 16x8 standby is configured as a TDMA single-mode
version. This also applies in the opposite scenario.
For TDMA/OFDMA mixed-mode redundancy protection, the standby UPS 16x8

module in redundant system slot 5 or 8 must be configured as a matching mixed-mode
TDMA/OFDMA UPS 16x8.
To redundancy-protect the active UPS card with a non-matching standby UPS card,
interactively configure the standby UPS card to match the active UPS so that both
modules are a matching single-mode or mixed-mode before performing a switchover.

OFDMA configuration step summary
Use the following steps to configure the OFDMA interface at the CMTS. Refer to the
Casa Systems – RF Cable Configuration Guide and Command Reference for complete
information on the commands covered in this section.
1. Enable OFDMA for UPS 16x8 by using the module <number> ofdma enable
command.
2. Define the modulation and pilot pattern for one or more consecutively numbered
OFDMA minislots.
3. Configure the Interval Usage Code profile to set the data grant and ranging
parameters.
4. Define any frequency exclusion bands to be set in the next step at the port level for
the upstream OFDMA interface.
5. Configure the upstream interface ofdma channel parameters for OFDMA
bindings (be sure the channel is shut down first).
6. Configure the service group for the OFDMA upstream binding.
OFDMA configuration example
The following steps walk through a basic OFDMA upstream configuration using the
Casa CLI. Returned alerts and possible error conditions are also indicated.
1. Enable OFDMA on the module.

CASA(config)# module 10 ofdma enable
Please reboot module 10 for the change to take effect!
2. Configure the OFDMA minislots for subcarrier groups.

CASA(config)# ofdma minislot-cfg 1
CASA(conf-minislot-cfg 1)# subcarrier-group-minislot 1
5000000 11400000 modulation ?
1024qam 1024qam
128qam 128qam
16qam 16qam
256qam 256qam
32qam 32qam
512qam 512qam
64qam 64qam
8qam 8qam

qpsk qpsk
zero zero

5000000 7000000 modulation qpsk pilot-pattern ?
<1-8> pattern number
5000000 7000000 modulation qpsk pilot-pattern 1

20000000 25000000 modulation 64qam pilot-pattern 8

5000000 7000000 modulation qpsk pilot-pattern 3
CASA(conf-minislot-cfg 1)# end
3. Configure the OFDMA Internal Usage Code (IUC) profile.

CASA(config)# ofdma iuc-profile 1
CASA(conf-IUC-profile 1)# data-iuc ?
<5,6,9,10,11,12,13> data-iuc num
CASA(conf-IUC-profile 1)# data-iuc 5 modulation 8qam
pilot-pattern 2
CASA(conf-IUC-profile 1)# data-iuc 6 modulation 64qam
pilot-pattern 3
CASA(conf-IUC-profile 1)# data-iuc 9 modulation qpsk
pilot-pattern 1 minislot-cfg 4
CASA(conf-IUC-profile 1)# initial-ranging-iuc 128 ?

<1-100000> sum of guardband in hz
CASA(conf-IUC-profile 1)# initial-ranging-iuc 128 10000
CASA(conf-IUC-profile 1)# fine-ranging-iuc 32 10000
CASA(conf-IUC-profile 1)# end
4. Configure any OFDMA exclusion zones.

CASA(config)# ofdma exclusion-band 1
CASA(conf-ofdma-exclusion-band 1)# exclusion-sc-group 1
8000000 10000000
25000000 30000000
85000000 90000000
CASA(conf-ofdma-exclusion-band 1)# show this

ofdma exclusion-band 1
exclusion-sc-group 1 8000000 10000000
CASA(conf-ofdma-exclusion-band 1)# end
5. Configure the OFDMA interface and channel properties.

CASA(config)# interface ofdma 10/1.0
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# show this
interface ofdma channel 10/1.0
sc-spacing 50
no preEqualizationEnable
no up-down-trap-enabled
shutdown
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# no shutdown
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# iuc-profile 2

data-iuc profile 2 has not been configured
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# iuc-profile 1
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# lower-freq 5000000

upper-freq 99950000
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# lower-freq 5000000

upper-freq 94600000
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# symbols-per-frame 18

CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# exclusion-band 1
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# show this

sc-spacing 50
lower-freq 5000000 upper-freq 94600000
exclusion-band 1
symbols-per-frame 18
iuc-profile 1
shutdown
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# rolloff-period ?

0 valid number
128 valid number
160 valid number

192 valid number

224 valid number
32 valid number
64 valid number
96 valid number
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# power-level ?

<-12-12> in TenthdBmV
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# data-backoff ?

<0-15> backoff start
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# data-backoff 0 ?
<0-15> backoff end
automatic automatically set up
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# data-backoff 0 automatic
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# ranging-backoff 5 7
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# no shutdown
6. Configure the service group to create the upstream binding to the OFDMA
interface.
Once OFDMA is enabled for the DOCSIS MAC interface and service group, the
channel information is included in the MAC Domain Descriptor (MDD) message
to broadcast to the modem. The channel number is presently always 0.
CASA(config)# service group OFDMA
CASA(conf-svc-grp OFDMA)# ofdma 10/1.0
7. Show the OFDMA configuration.

CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 10/1.0)# show run | beg minislot
ofdma minislot-cfg 1
subcarrier-group-minislot 1 5000000 7000000 modulation qpsk
pilot-pattern 1
subcarrier-group-minislot 2 20000000 25000000 modulation 64qam
pilot-pattern 8
ofdma iuc-profile 1
data-iuc 5 modulation 8qam pilot-pattern 2

sc-spacing 50
data-backoff 0 automatic
ranging-backoff 5 7

exclusion-band 1
symbols-per-frame 18
iuc-profile 1
no shutdown
OFDMA show and clear commands
show ofdma exclusion-band [<1:16>]
Displays the OFDMA exclusion band settings.
CASA(config)# show ofdma exclusion-band
ofdma exclusion-band 1
show ofdma iuc-profile [<1:64>]
Displays the OFDMA IUC profile settings.
CASA(config)# show ofdma iuc-profile
ofdma iuc-profile 1
fine-ranging-iuc 32 800000
initial-ranging-iuc 32 800000
show ofdma minislot-cfg [<1:64>]
Displays the OFDMA minislot configuration settings.
CASA(config)# show ofdma minislot-cfg
ofdma minislot-cfg 1
subcarrier-group-minislot 1 5000000 9600000 modulation zero
pilot-pattern 1

show ofdma probe interval
Displays the OFDMA probe interval, if set by the ofdma probe interval command.
Probing is disabled by default.
CASA(config)# show ofdma probe interval
OFDMA probe interval is set to 60 minutes.
show cable modem ofdma {<slot>/<port>.<chan> | summary}
Displays the CMs with OFDMA transactions based on various other options. See the
Casa Systems – CMTS Troubleshooting and Diagnostics Guide, Chapter 2, for details.
CASA# show cable modem ofdma 11/0.0

MAC Address IP Address US DS MAC Prim RxPwr Timing Num BPI
Intf Intf Status Sid (dB) Offset CPEs Enb
0895.2a9b.2aa 10.84.1.144 10/1.0w 3/0/0w online 1 0.7 174 0 no
online cm 1 ; offline cm 0 ; ranging cm 0
CASA# show cable modem ofdma summary

Upstream Total Active Registered Secondary Offline Bonding
Non_Bonding Channel
Interface Modems Modems Modems Modems Modems Modems
Modems Description
11/0.0w 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
ofdma
CASA#
show module [<num>] config
Displays the upstream module or modules configured with the OFDMA interface.
CASA(config)# show module config

module 0: QAM256
module 1: empty
module 2: QAM8x192
module 3: empty
module 4: QAM
module 5: empty
module 8: empty
module 9: UPS
module 10: empty
module 11: UPS16x8 DOCSIS 3.1 ofdma enabled

show interface ofdma [<slot>/<port>.<chan> | stat | ugs statistics]

[verbose]
Displays the OFDMA upstream interface channel settings or statistics.
CASA(config)# show interface ofdma 12/1.0
interface ofdma 12/1.0

exclusion-band 1
iuc-profile 1
no shutdown
CASA(config)# show interface ofdma stat

Interface ofdma 12/1.0 statistics
Admin status: UP
Channel utilization interval: 3
Avg OFDMA channel utilization: 0
Avg percent contention slots: 0
Avg percent initial ranging slots: 0
Avg percent minislots lost on late MAPs: 0
Received 222 broadcasts, 0 multicasts, 3607 unicasts
0 discards, 0 errors, 0 unknown protocol
12515 Unerroreds, 7670 Correcteds, 0 Uncorrectables
Total Modems On This Upstream Channel: 2 ,2 active cm,0 secondary cm
…
CASA(config)# show interface ofdma ugs statistics
Interface ofdma 12/0.0
Active ugs flow on the OFDMA: 0
UGS Allocation Statistics
max min avg
Last 0.3 Hour 0 0 0.00
Last 1.5 Min 0 0 0.00
Interface ofdma 12/1.0

Active ugs flow on the OFDMA: 0
UGS Allocation Statistics
max min avg
Last 0.3 Hour 0 0 0.00
Last 1.5 Min 0 0 0.00
…
clear cable modem ofdma [<slot>/<port>.<chan> {offline | reset}
Clears cable modems from the OFDM channel which are in the offline state, or forces
all cable modems on the specified slot/port.channel to reset.
CASA#clear cable modem ofdma 10/1.0 reset

Please type YES to confirm reset all modems in the specified range:
yes
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) code support in OFDMA

The low-density parity-check (LDPC) error-correcting code is now supported with
OFDMA transmissions. The LDCP implementation is compliant with the DOCSIS
3.1 specification. There is no configuration requirement with this functionality.
TaFDM between OFDMA and TDMA channels

Time and Frequency Division Multiplexing (TaFDM) allows the upstream frequency
spectrum to be shared between the two types of channels, where one OFDMA channel
overlaps one or more TDMA channels. This feature allows users to transition from the
traditional TDMA scheme to the OFDMA scheme.
With multi-access to shared spectrum resources using the TaFDM scheme, spectrum
resources are divided up into time and frequency dimensions which are then allocated
to one channel or another. The upstream scheduler determines which area will be used
for TDMA or OFDMA transmissions.
Guard band will be inserted on the boundary between TDMA and OFDMA channels
both in frequency and time dimensions.
TaFDM configuration
Presently, there are no new CLI commands for the TaFDM feature.
In order for the upstream scheduler to run in TaFDM mode, the overlapping channels
must be configured into the same OFDMA subcarrier Service Group.
TaFDM restrictions
There are no restrictions on how the frequency overlap can occur. For example, an
OFDMA channel can
• Cover the entirety of all TDMA channels,

• Cover a portion of the TDMA channels on one side, and
• Reside inside the TDMA spectrum area.

Configuration example
CASA(config)# interface upstream 11/1.0
CASA(config-if-ups 11/1.0)# frequency 22000000
CASA(config-if-ups 11/1.0)# channel-width 6400000



CASA(config)# ofdma exclusion-band 1

CASA(conf-ofdma-exclusion-band 1)# exclusion-sc-group 1 5000000
7000000

CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 11/1.0)# lower-freq 5000000 upper-freq
85000000
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 11/1.0)# prov-attrib-mask 0x0
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 11/1.0)# sc-spacing 50
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 11/1.0)# symbols-per-frame 16
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 11/1.0)# data-backoff automatic
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 11/1.0)# ranging-backoff 0 4
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 11/1.0)# voice-bw-reserve 75 emergency 0
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 11/1.0)# power-level 0
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 11/1.0)# power-adjust continue 4
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 11/1.0)# power-adjust threshold 1
CASA# show docsis upstream channel utilization

Upstream Total-BW Utilization Online Secondary Channel
Slot/Port.Channel (Mb/Sec) Percentage Modems Modems Description
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
11/1.0 (22000000 Hz) 30.7 80 1 2
11/1.1 (28400000 Hz) 30.7 79 0 3
11/1.2 (34800000 Hz) 30.7 80 0 3
11/1.3 (39600000 Hz) 15.4 65 1 2
11/1.0w ( 5M- 85M Hz) 580.6 55 1 1 ofdma

Multiple IUC TLV support

Multiple Internal Usage Code (IUC) TLV 46.11 is now sent by the CMTS with the
REG-RSP-MP messages to D3.1 cable modems supporting multiple IUCs over
OFDMA channels.
When the CMTS assigns multiple OFDMA Upstream Data Profile (OUDP) IUCs to
the original OFDMA channel, the CMTS includes TCC Encoding TLV 46.11 with
action "change" for the OFDMA channel in the REG-RSP message to the cable
modem. After the modem registers with the TLV, the CMTS select the best IUC to
use on the channel based on codeword error rate and channel SNR.
IUC 13 (lower modulation) is the default which is used if an OFDMA channel is

ranged after the modem has registered. If the SNR is satisfactory for the other IUC's
modulation, then the CMTS will switch the channel to the other IUC with the higher
modulation. If the uncorrected error rate is then higher than the acceptable packet drop
threshold, the CMTS switches the channel back to the lower modulation with IUC 13.
Monitoring OFDMA in SNMP
Release 7.2 supports OFDMA in the DOCS-IF31-MIB. See the Casa Systems –
SNMP MIBs and Traps Reference for information.
OFDMA support on earlier UPS 16x8 modules

OFDMA support has been extended to the earlier UPS 16x8 modules. Modules having
serial number prefixes beginning with UB13 and greater, as well as earlier serial
number prefixes, such as UB11CD9S0003, will now support OFDMA. Use the show
system command to verify and display module serial number information at the
CMTS.
Increased number of supported VRFs on the SMM 8x10G

Release 7.2 supports up to 128 named VRF definitions on the SMM 8x10G IPv4 and
IPv6 interfaces. A passive ARP (PARP) update has also been applied to ensure the
additional VRFs are supported in policy-based routing (PBR) where a VRF next-hop
instance is applied in a route-map.
Example
CASA(config)# vrf definition ?
<string> vrf definition name (size 1 to 128)

CASA(config)# vrf definition vrfname128
ls and dir command enhancements

The ls and dir commands has been revised to display the memory usage for each
SMM. Enhancements include displaying the Size (total size of folder), Used (storage
used), Avail (storage available), Use % (percentage of total storage used), and
Mounted on (identifies the specific SMM).
Example
CASA> ls
total 389056
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 78016000 Nov 23 15:03
drwxrwxrwx 5 croot root 32768 Feb 11 17:45 cert_manage
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 35864 Feb 11 17:45 config_error_log
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 64771 Feb 11 17:10 config_error_log.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 18 Jan 22 2014 envm_temp_thresd
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 0 Mar 20 2015 evids
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 155328000 Feb 11 17:35 image_100g.jt7x
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 159808000 Feb 10 17:13 image_100g.jt80
drwxrwxrwx 2 croot root 32768 Dec 4 13:26 ipdr_record
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 48049 Jan 4 16:56 lc9_th412_info.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 4807 Feb 11 17:45 snmpd.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 78 Feb 11 17:45 snmpd.cnf~
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 78 Feb 11 17:45 snmpd_short.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 78 Feb 11 17:07 snmpd_short.cnf~
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 144400 Jan 11 20:54 startup-config
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 110997 Sep 25 2014 startup-config.9dec2013
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 101756 Feb 27 2014 startup-config.jason
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 83514 Sep 25 2014 startup-config.lisa
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 93326 Sep 25 2014 startup-config.old
drwxrwxrwx 2 croot root 32768 Feb 11 17:44 tftpboot
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 216987 Apr 21 2015 xlp2_020002_bootimg
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 216995 Mar 25 2015 xlp2_020100_bootimg
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 223753 Nov 17 21:18 xlp2_020201_bootimg
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 223747 Dec 16 14:38 xlp2_020202_bootimg
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 226604 Dec 18 20:30 xlp2_020203_bootimg
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 669621 Nov 20 19:29 xls_120411_bootimg
-rw-r--r-- 1 croot root 680017 Jan 16 12:07 xls_120412_bootimg
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/hda1 1.9G 677M 1.3G 36% /fdsk

VRF static route tagging

The ip route <net_addr> <strict_ip_address> [gw-vrf <string>] [<num=1:255>]
command has been revised with the [tag <num=1:4294967295>] option to specify a
static route tag inside a VRF instance.
Example
CASA(config)# ip route vrf VPN1 10.1.0.0/16 64.0.53.199 tag 40001
CASA(config)# ip route vrf VPN1 10.1.0.0/16 64.0.53.199 global tag
40002
CASA(config)# show ip route 10.1.0.0/16 vrf VPN1
Routing entry for 10.1.0.0/16
Known via "static", distance 1, metric 0, tag 40002, best
64.0.53.199 inactive
tag 40001
* 64.0.53.199, via vlan53
tag 40002
To disable static routes, use the no form of this command.
Example
CASA(config)# no ip route vrf VPN1 10.1.0.0/16 64.0.53.199 tag 40001
CASA(config)# no ip route vrf VPN1 10.1.0.0/16 64.0.53.199 global tag
40002
CASA(config)# show ip route 10.1.0.0/16 vrf VPN1

Routing entry for 10.1.0.0/16
Known via "static", distance 1, metric 0, tag 40002, best
64.0.53.199 inactive
tag 40001

Primary and secondary NTP servers support

The ntp server <ip address> [prefer] command has been revised to declare the
preferred (primary) NTP server. Once assigned, the preferred NTP server is the
designated primary; other NTP servers are considered secondary in the event that the
primary server is unavailable.
To declare a preferred server:
Example
CMTS(config)# ntp server 104.131.118.129 prefer
Stopping NTP server: ntpd.
18 Feb 17:22:13 ntpdate[1752]: step time server 104.131.118.129 offset
0.000194 sec
To declare a non-preferred server, omit the prefer option.
Example
CMTS(config)# ntp server 74.120.8.2
18 Feb 17:20:50 ntpdate[1556]: step time server 74.120.8.2 offset
34.627892 sec
To display all NTP servers:
Example
CMTS(config)# show ntp-server
ntp server 74.120.8.2
ntp server 104.131.118.129 prefer
no ntp scheck
Syslog messages for control plane rate limiting

A new warning syslog message in the format "-WA-CMTS-1: smm: Excessive
<class_name> packets are dropped", where <class_name> is the traffic class, such
as ISIS, RIP, and ARP has been incorporated to log when the control plane rate limiter
drops control plane packets. The chassis will then send a log when the CPU rate
limiter drops packets.
Example
CMTS(config)# logging system warning

[Fri Jan 29 21:08:14 2016]-WA-CMTS-1: smm7: Excessive ISIS packets are

dropped.
[Fri Jan 29 20:54:08 2016]-WA-CMTS-1: smm7: Excessive RIPNG packets
are dropped.
[Fri Jan 29 20:54:08 2016]-WA-CMTS-1: smm7: Excessive IP6_Mcast
packets are dropped.
[Fri Jan 29 20:52:53 2016]-WA-CMTS-1: smm7: Excessive ARP_Reply
packets are dropped.
SNMP support for video sessions

The CASA-VIDEO-MIB (1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.103) has been added to the SNMP
MIB archive file for management and monitoring of video sessions.
show interface video stat command enhancement

The show interface video stat command has been revised to display the status of each
video interface as text, either Up or Down. The command is available throughout the
CLI where applicable.
Example
CASA(config-if-lo 12)# interface video 3
CASA(conf-if-video 3)# show interface video stat
interface video 3 status: Down
L3 Mode Up
qam module -
video unicast count 849348584
CASA(conf-if-video 3)# video edis 1

CASA(conf-video-edis 1)# ip-address 201.175.175.254
CASA(conf-video-edis 1)# srm-type casa
CASA(conf-video-edis 1)# announce
CASA(conf-video-edis 1)# show interface video stat
L3 Mode Up
qam module -
CASA(conf-video-edis 1)# video qam-domain 34

CASA(conf-qam-domain 34)# edis 1
CASA(conf-qam-domain 34)# video service group 10017
CASA(conf-qam-domain 34)# interface video 3
CASA(conf-qam-domain 34)# qam-group 1 1/0/8 1/0/15
CASA(conf-qam-domain 34)# show interface video stat
interface video 3 status: Up
L3 Mode Up
qam module 1

CASA(config)# interface loopback 12

CASA(config-if-lo 12)# ip address 99.175.2.1 255.255.255.255
CASA(config-if-lo 12)# interface video 3
CASA(conf-if-video 3)# ip address 199.175.2.1 255.255.255.255
CASA(conf-if-video 3)# edis control-source loopback 12
CASA(conf-if-video 3)# input-port-id 3
CASA(conf-if-video 3)# show interface video stat
L3 Mode Up
qam module -
Debug ip bgp updates command revised

The debug ip bgp updates command has been revised to include inbound (in) and
outbound (out) updates.
Example
CMTS# debug ip bgp updates
<cr>
in BGP updates of incoming direction
out BGP updates of outcoming direction
CMTS# debug ip bgp updates in

CMTS# debug ip bgp updates out
Broadcast ARP packets to DS primary channel exclusively

Broadcast ARP, multicast IGMP, and ARP packets for unknown IPs are now sent
exclusively to the downstream primary channel in the DOCSIS MAC domain.
Previously, these ARP packets were being sent over both the primary and secondary
channels.
TCP max segment size commands

The tcp mss <68:9140> command has been added to set the initial maximum MTU
segment size for both IPv4 and IPv6. Applying the no version of the command sets the
default behavior to the MTU of the interface (1500 is the default, but can be user
defined), minus 40 bytes for IPv4 or 60 bytes for IPv6. This means that on a default
1500 byte MTU interface, the IPv4 TCP MSS will be 1460, and the IPv6 TCP MSS
will be 1440.

Example
CASA(config)# tcp mss ?
<num=68:9140> MSS (default: IPv4: (MTU - 40B) IPv6: (MTU-60B))
CASA(config)# tcp mss 100
CASA(config)# end
CASA# show running-config | include "tcp mss"

tcp mss 100
CASA# no tcp mss
Optical signal parameters MIB object

The casaSfpTxPower, casaSfpRxPower, and casaSfpOperStatus MIB objects have
been added to the CASA-SFP-MIB file. The matching CLI command is the show
interface xgige transceiver command in the diag context. The MIB displays the
signal level for each SFP transceiver (optical Tx and Rx power levels) and operational
status. The matching CLI command is the show interface xgige transceiver
command in the Casa diag mode.
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.37.1.1.1.7
casaSfpTxPower OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32
UNITS "uw(microwatt)"
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The optical Tx power of the sfp(sfp+)."
::= { casaSfpEntry 7 }
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.37.1.1.1.8
casaSfpRxPower OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32
UNITS "uw(microwatt)"
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The optical Rx power of the sfp(sfp+)."
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.37.1.1.1.9
casaSfpOperStatus OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER
{ up(1),
down(2)}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION

"The operational status of sfp(sfp+)."

Example
CASA(diag)# show interface xgige transceiver
Optical Optical Optical
Temperature Voltage Current Tx Power Rx Power
Interface (Celsius) (Volts) (mA) (dBm) (dBm)
--------- ----------- ------- ------- -------- --------
xgige 6/0 33.0 3.29 7.6 -2.4 -4.9
xgige 7/0 - - - - -
xgige 7/1 32.0 3.31 5.7 -2.7 -3.6
Separate access control for video and data streams

The ngod and edis video options can now be configured to allow traffic filtering using
a specific access control list (ACL), as specified with access-group parameter. This
feature enables separate and uniquely-named ACLs to operate over separate video and
data streams.
(config)# <service-name> access-group <ACL-name> [in | out]
Example
CMTS(config)# ngod access-group aclfilename1 in
CMTS(config)# edis access-group aclfilename2 in
IP access control for access-class services

Access control for specific access-class services is now supported in Release 7.2 using
the <service-name> access-group <ACL-name> command. The access-class
services include: ntp, snmp, telnet, telnets, ssh, ipdr, ftp, smtp, rtsp, and http. Once
specified use the no form of the command to disable the named access-group from
the specified service.
CMTS(config)# <service-name> access-group <ACL-name> [in | out]
Example
CMTS(config)# telnet access-group name1
CMTS(config)# ssh access-group name2
CMTS(config)# ipdr access-group name3
CMTS(config)# no telnet access-group

Fast ARP entry timeout

The cable arp fast-timeout command has been introduced to enable the system to
efficiently remove all aged CPE entries from SMM ARP table when there no response
to ARP polling request cycles. By default, if no ARP reply is received at the end of the
last ARP polling request cycle, the CPE entry is removed from the ARP table.
When the cable arp fast-timeout setting is enabled, and if there is no response to an
ARP polling request, the fast-timeout mode begins and the configured arp timeout
setting is applied to all CPE entries in the ARP table so that the aged entries are
removed.
The default value setting is disabled. Once set, use the no command to disable the
cable arp fast-timeout setting.
Example
CASA(config)# cable arp fast-timeout
CASA(config)# show cable arp fast-timeout
cable arp fast-timeout enabled
CASA(config)# no cable arp fast-timeout
CPU histogram per module in CLI

The show cpu-history [module <slot-number>] command has been introduced to
show a CLI graphical representation of the CPU utilization per the specified module
slot. The graph includes the CPU load and the history of the CPU load per process
over the last 60-minute time period.
The CPU usage percentage is displayed in values ranging from 00 to 100 along the left
vertical column; CPU usage time (in minutes) displays along the bottom of the chart
in 10-minute increments up to 60 minutes.
Example
CASA> show cpu-history mod 10
< Module10 CPU Usage History>

(%)
100|------------------------------------------------------------
95|
90|
85|

80|
75|
70|
65|
60|
55|
50|
45|
40|
35|
30|
25|
20|
15| XX
10| XX X
05| X X XX
00|XXXXXX X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
=============================================================
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 (min)
ToS option in traceroute6

The -t option has been added to the traceroute6 command to display the Type of
Service (ToS) value for IPv6 address hops.
Example
CASA# traceroute6 "-t 0xff 4000::6"
traceroute to 4000::6 (4000::6) from 4040::42, 64 hops max, 16 byte
packets
1 4040::1 1.248 ms
2 4001::1 0.759 ms
3 4000::6 0.932 ms
Deleting BGP communities

The set comm-list <community list > delete command has been implemented in the
CLI to allow the deletion of BGP communities. This command removes communities
numbers (in AA:NN format) from the BGP communities attribute. When the BGP
route communities number matches the community list, the communities value is
removed.

Example
In the following configuration, community numbers 100:1 and 100:2 are removed
from BGP updates. For community value deletion, only the permit option is used; the
deny option is ignored.
router bgp 7675

neighbor 192.168.0.1 remote-as 100
neighbor 192.168.0.1 route-map RMAP in
!
ip community-list standard DEL permit 100:1 100:2
!
route-map RMAP permit 10
set comm-list DEL delete
Maximum-paths command for BGP

The maximum-paths {ebgp | ibgp} <port 1-8> command has been introduced in the
router bgp configuration to enable multi-path load sharing among external Border
Gateway Protocol (eBGP) and internal BGP (iBGP) routes.
The default number of paths is eight. Use the no form of the command to disable the
feature.
Example
CASA(config-router-bgp)# maximum-paths ebgp ?
<1-8> Number of paths
CASA(config-router-bgp)# maximum-paths ebgp 2
CASA(config-router-bgp)# maximum-paths ibgp ?

<1-8> Number of paths
CASA(config-router-bgp)# maximum-paths ibgp 3
CASA(config-router-bgp)# show this

router bgp 60000
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
no bgp default ipv4-unicast
bgp graceful-restart
bgp graceful-restart restart-time 150
maximum-paths ibgp 3
maximum-paths ebgp 2
CASA(config-router-bgp)# no maximum-paths ibgp

CASA(config-router-bgp)# no maximum-paths ebgp
Support for 64 loopback interfaces

The interface loopback <id> command has been revised to support up to 64 loopback
interfaces and a loopback port ID range from 0-255. Use the no form of the command
to remove the loopback interface.
Example
CASA(config)# interface loopback 223
CASA(config-if-lo 223)#
CASA(config)# no interface loopback
Multicast traffic statistics MIB object

The casaIPMcastRoutePps MIB object has been added to the CASA-PIM-MIB file.
The MIB object provides multicast traffic statistics in packets per second in SNMP
queries. The show ip multicast traffic command has been revised to display the
multicast statistics in packets per second.
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.58.1.1.1.25
casaIpMcastRoutePps OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX CounterBasedGauge64
UNITS "Packet per second"
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Packet per second forwarded by this
router using this multicast routing entry."
::= { casaPimRouteEntry 25 }
Example
***** SNMP QUERY STARTED *****
35: casaIpMcastRouteBps.1.4.230.1.1.1.32.1.4.0.0.0.0.32 (counter64) 0
36: casaIpMcastRouteBps.1.4.230.1.1.1.32.1.4.192.168.16.171.32
(counter64)
40905000
37: casaIpMcastRoutePps.1.4.230.1.1.1.32.1.4.0.0.0.0.32 (counter64) 0
38: casaIpMcastRoutePps.1.4.230.1.1.1.32.1.4.192.168.16.171.32
(counter64) 3885
***** SNMP QUERY FINISHED *****
CASA(config)# show ip multicast traffic

Flags: VI = video, DS = docsis, FW = forward, BL = blocked

NONE = no reason, NOMR = no mroute, DUPL = duplicate

RPTP = rpt prune, WIIF = wrong iif, WMAC = wrong mac
WOIF = wrong oif, NRPF = no rpf route, NARP = unresolved arp
Multicast Group Source IP NextHop MAC Src Intf Out Intf
Rate (pps, kbps) Flags Up Time
226.94.0.0 172.16.94.10 0001.7216.9410 gige 6/1 qam 0
445 , 912 DS,FW 00:00:11
qam 2
445 , 912 DS,FW 00:00:11
226.94.0.1 172.16.94.10 0001.7216.9410 gige 6/1 qam 2
Partial service trap enhancements

Informational enhancements to partial service SNMP traps have been implemented in
the CASA-DOCS-EXT-MIB. Reasons for the partial service condition are now
provided in the trap message, including DBC, ranging, and partial service recovery.
casaCmtsPartialServiceEventType
Description: A notification will be sent to SNMP trap with the reason for partial
service.
casaCmtsPartialServiceNotification
Description: A notification will be sent when the impacted cable modem comes out of
partial service.
casaCmtsPartialServiceActionFlag
Description: When a CM goes into partial service, the partial service trap that is
generated will now be listed as “partial-service”.
US and DS excluded channels MIB object

The casaCmtsCMPSDSChExclueList MIB object has been modified in the
CASA-DOCS-EXT-MIB file to include unusable US and DS channels for the current
modem. The matching CLI command is the show cable modem partial-service
command in the Casa configuration mode.
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.22.2.11.1.6
casaCmtsCMPSDSChExclueList OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE(0..1024))
STATUS current

DESCRIPTION
"The unusable DS Channel List for the current modem."
::= { casaCmtsCmPartialServiceEntry 6 }
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.22.2.11.1.7
casaCmtsCMPSUSChExclueList OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE(0..1024))
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The unusable US Channel List for the current modem."
::= { casaCmtsCmPartialServiceEntry 7 }
Example
1: casaCmtsCmPSMacDomainIfIndex.2.1 (integer) 2000001 [2000001]
2: casaCmtsCmPSMacAddress.2.1 (octet string) 00:25:2E:D4:28:20
[00.25.2E.D4.28.20 (hex)]
3: casaCmtsCmPSDSChSetId.2.1 (gauge) 260
4: casaCmtsCmPSUSChSetId.2.1 (gauge) 256
5: casaCmtsCMPSDSChExclueList.2.1 (octet string) 3001156 3001157
6: casaCmtsCMPSUSChExclueList.2.1 (octet string) (zero-length)
***** SNMP QUERY FINISHED *****
show chassis status command

The show chassis status command has been implemented to display summary
information on current chassis status and card level information.
• An “X” indicates that a module is operational.

• A “-” (dash) indicates that the module is not currently operational.
• Input/Output (IO) status is operational if the Resource Module (RM) is
operational for a specific linecard, or if SMM is active.
• LastUptime will display status only if the module has been booted up more than
twice.
Example
CASA# show chassis status
Slot Type Sub Red State RM IO Uptime LastUptime Serial No HW Version CFE version
0 - - -
1 - - -
2 UPS_16x4 - Running X X 0w1d0h UB14BC7S0146 3.9 12.4.11
3 - - -
4 QAM_8x192 - Running X X 0w1d0h QB00DF8S0042 6.7 2.1.1
5 - - -
6 SMM 7 Active X X 0w1d0h SB15BC7S0010 1.8 12.4.11
7 SMM 6 Standby X - 0w1d0h SB15BC7S0099 1.8 12.4.11
8 - - -
9 QAM_8x96 - Running X X 0w1d0h QB10CCBS0008 5.9 12.9.13

10 QAM_8x96 - NotReady X X - - - -
11 UPS_16x8 - Running X X 0w1d0h US14CF4S0030 5.7 12.9.13
12 UPS_16x4 - Running X X 0w1d0h UB14BE1S0126 3.9 12.4.11
13 - - -
CASA-C10G#
MD5 checksum comparison

The md5 checksum command has been revised to include <image> <hash> to
compare the output of the checksum to an MD5 hash value and return a pass/fail
indication if the result of the checksum matches or does not match the hash value
entered. The command uses the following CLI:
CASA# md5 checksum <image_name> <hash>
Example
CMTS# md5 checksum ccsi.gz.rel7.2.0.0_build43b0
943d96f56361f10492fa3e899dac1e55 ccsi.gz.rel7.2.0.0_build43b1

943d96f56361f10492fa3e899dac1e55
ccsi.gz.rel7.2.0.0_build43b1: OK

943d96f56361f10492fa3e899dac1e56
ccsi.gz.rel7.2.0.0_build43b1: FAILED
md5sum: WARNING: 1 of 1 computed checksum did NOT match

943d96f56361f10492fa3e899dac1e56
ccsi.gz.rel7.2.0.0_build43b1: FAILED
md5sum: WARNING: 1 of 1 computed checksum did NOT match
Separate syslog servers for DOCSIS and video events

Video and DOCSIS log messages can now be separated and sent to different syslog
servers. Use the current cable event syslog-server < ip-address> to direct DOCSIS
messages to the specified IP syslog target.
To direct video event messages to a separate syslog server, execute the video logging
host <ip_address> [port <num=1:65535>] [vrf <string>] command now available
in Release 7.2. Up to four syslog server IPs may be specified for video events. Use the
no form of the command to remove any previously configured video syslog hosts.

Example
CASA(config)# video logging host 192.168.54.231
video_logging_host_callback, port:514,vrf:0
edge_log_add_syslog_host, index:0
CASA(config)# show logging all

/dev/console : debugging
system log level : debugging
non-volatile log level : debugging
volatile log level : off
syslog level : warnings
trap level : off
system syslog host : 192.168.54.230
video syslog host : 192.168.54.231
Importing and exporting route maps into VRF instances

A route map can now be imported from or exported to a Virtual Routing and
Forwarding (VRF) instance under the address-family context of a Border Gateway
Protocol (BGP) configuration or VRF definition. This function imports or exports
IPv4 prefixes from or to the global routing table associated with the VRF table.
Example
CASA(config)# ip prefix-list PROV-VOIP seq 10 permit 192.168.151.0/24
CASA(config)# route-map kiwi permit 10

CASA(conf-route-map kiwi)# match ip address prefix-list PROV-VOIP
CASA(config)# router bgp 1

CASA(config-router-bgp)# address-family ipv4 vrf mango
CASA(config-router-af)# import ipv4 unicast ?
<1-2147483647> import prefixes number, default 1000
map Route-map to modify the attributes
CASA(config-router-af)# export ipv4 unicast 3000 map ?
WORD Name of the route map
CASA(config-router-af)# export ipv4 unicast 3000 map kiwi
CASA(config)# vrf definition kw

CASA(config-vrf)# address-family ipv4
CASA(config-vrf-af)# export ipv4 unicast ?
<1-2147483647> export prefixes number, default 1000
map Route-map to modify the attributes
CASA(config-vrf-af)# export ipv4 unicast 2000 map ?
WORD Name of the route map
CASA(config-vrf-af)# export ipv4 unicast 2000 map kiwi

MPLS LDP VPWS Control-Word support

Support for MPLS VPWS control-word bit (per RFC 4447) has been enabled at the
CMTS by default. A TLV with a U-bit = True has been added to all virtual circuit
(VC) label mapping messages. There are no configuration requirements at the CMTS.
The show mpls vpws xconnect mpls-vc-map command has been expanded to
include Control-Word status (enabled or disabled). When LDP receives a VC label
Mapping message with this TLV present, and with the peer being a Casa CMTS, the
VPWS being created will always have the Control-Word bit disabled.
Example
>CASA(config-vpws)#show mpls vpws xconnect mpls-vc-map
>Peer Address PSID VC-ID In-Label Out Label Tunnel-Label Network-Intf Control-Word
>114.1.1.1 114 87042 25551 3 vlan471 enabled
199.1.1.1 199 87044 11424 0 vlan461 enabled
72.1.1.1 72 87043 87042 567 gige7/0 disabled
IP bundle sub-interfaces enhancement

The CMTS now supports up to 2000 sub-interfaces system wide. All 2000 subnets can
be configured under a single IP bundle interface or over multiple IP bundle interfaces.
However, the total cannot exceed 2000 subnets across all IP bundles on a per-system
basis.
SNMP counters for burst noise

The output to the show upstream <X/Y.Z/C> burst-noise command now shows the
absolute number of correctable and uncorrectable burst events for each upstream
channel in addition to the existing percentage values. A new MIB table with
corresponding objects have been added to the CASA-DOCS-EXT-MIB in SNMP:
docsIfBurstNoiseTable — 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.22.2.21
docsIfBurstNoiseEntry — 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.22.2.21.1
docsIfBurstEventCorrecteds — 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.22.2.21.1.1
docsIfBurstEventUncorrecteds — 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.22.2.21.1.2
Example
CASA# show upstream 11/0.0/1 burst-noise
Burst Noise Stats for Channel 11/0.0/1:

Burst noise event rate: 5.8 events/second.

Percentage of Correctable Burst Events: 39 %
Percentage of Uncorrectable Burst Events: 60 %
Burst Duration (microseconds) % of Events Max Power (in dB)

----------------------------- ----------- -----------------
0 to 1 0 0
1 to 3 0 0
3 to 10 0 0
10 to 50 0 0
50 to 500 0 0
500 to 2000 0 0
2000 to 10000 0 0
10000 to 50000 0 0
> 50000 0 0
CASA#
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.22.2.21
casaDocsIfBurstNoiseTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF CasaDocsIfBurstNoiseEntry
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"DOCSIS burst noise table"
::= { casaDocsExtMibObjects 21 }
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.22.2.21.1
casaDocsIfBurstNoiseEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX CasaDocsIfBurstNoiseEntry
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"DOCSIS burst noise entry, The index is the ifIndex of
upstream logical channel:
an entry exists for each ifEntry with an ifType of
docsCableUpstreamChannel (205)."
INDEX { ifIndex }
::= { casaDocsIfBurstNoiseTable 1 }
CasaDocsIfBurstNoiseEntry ::= SEQUENCE {

casaDocsIfBurstEventCorrecteds Counter32,
casaDocsIfBurstEventUncorrecteds Counter32
}
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.22.2.21.1.1
casaDocsIfBurstEventCorrecteds OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32

STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"DOCSIS corrected burst event count"
::= { casaDocsIfBurstNoiseEntry 1}
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.22.2.21.1.2
casaDocsIfBurstEventUncorrecteds OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"DOCSIS uncorrected burst event count"
::= { casaDocsIfBurstNoiseEntry 2}
Pre-equalization coefficient auto-reset period

The logical-channel 0 pre-equalization auto-reset command has been revised to
include a time-interval in minutes which will perform and automatic reset based on
the SNR threshold. The auto-reset takes place after the specified number of minutes
have expired and repeats as necessary.
The default setting is 1440 minutes (24 hours); a setting of 0 disables the auto-reset
function. The settable range is 0 to 65535 minutes.
Format: logical-channel 0 pre-equalization auto-reset <minutes>

Example
CASA(config-if-ups 9/0.0)# logical-channel 1 pre-equalization
auto-reset 60
CASA(config-if-ups 9/0.0)# show this
interface upstream 9/0.0

frequency 20000000
channel-width 3200000
power-level -5
map-advance dynamic 200
logical-channel 0 profile 2
logical-channel 0 minislot 2
logical-channel 0 pre-equalization 1
no logical-channel 0 shutdown
logical-channel 1 profile 2
logical-channel 1 minislot 2
logical-channel 1 pre-equalization auto-reset 60
logical-channel 1 shutdown
no shutdown
CASA(config-if-ups 9/0.0)#

eRouter and eEVA CPE type detection

Support for embedded systems such as Security Gateways, embedded Routers, and
embedded T1 emulation adapters now exists in the CMTS. The new CPE types
include:
• Embedded t1 emulation (eTEA),

• Embedded router (eROUTER),
• Embedded digital voice adapter (eDVA),
• Embedded security gateway (eSG).
The CPE types map to existing filters (TEA, DVA, and SG map to MTA while
eROUTER maps to PS) and can be verified using the show cable modem
docsis-device-class command in the CLI.
Example
CASA> show cable modem docsis-device-class
MAC Address US DS Mac Prim Reg Device Class Reg
Intf Intf Status Sid Ver Priv
0030.545e.56e8 11/0.3/0 4/0/13 online 52 1.1 eROUTER BPI
2476.7d98.bd08 11/0.3/0 4/0/4 online 53 1.1 eDVA BPI
fc52.8d5e.9c93 11/0.3/0 4/0/0w online 56 1.1 CM BPI
CASA>
BSoD support — Disabling local forwarding of L2 broadcast traffic

To support L2 Business Services over DOCSIS (BSoD), L2 broadcast traffic can now
be disabled between two cable modems on the same VLAN. All L2 traffic will be
forwarded to the upstream router over the CMTS network side interface. The
upstream router will then redirect the traffic back to the CMTS.
The following no commands have been implemented in the CLI to disable L2 traffic.
Example
CASA(conf-if-vlan 10)# no l2vpn mac-address-movable
CASA(conf-if-vlan 10)# no l2vpn local-traffic-forwarding
The l2vpn mac-address interval <1:1800> command has been implemented to set
the L2VPN interval timer period in seconds to elapse before determining if a MAC

address is no longer active. The default value is 900 seconds. The configurable range
is 1 to 1800 seconds.
Example
CASA(conf-if-vlan 10)# l2vpn mac-address interval ?
<1-1800> expiry interval in seconds if mac-address is no
longer active. Default is 900 seconds
CASA(conf-if-vlan 10)# l2vpn mac-address interval 400
BSoD support — DHCP Option 82 in L2 traffic

To support L2 Business Services over DOCSIS (BSoD), the CMTS can now add
DHCP Option 82 (for IPv4 and IPv6) into cable modem L2VPN packets to allow the
modem MAC address to be carried in the DHCP Request message from the modem
and forwarded to the DHCP server.
The l2vpn dhcp-insert option 82 command has been implemented in the CLI on a
per-VLAN basis. Use the no form of the command to remove the current setting.
Example
CASA(conf-if-vlan 10)# l2vpn dhcp-insert option 82
BSoD support — VLAN IP spoofing prevention

Casa has enabled a feature to prevent IP spoofing in a VLAN by blocking packets
coming from a CPE coming online with an IPv4 or IPv6 address that is already
associated with a different CPE MAC address (behind the same or a different cable
modem). This feature works together with the interface vlan, no l2vpn local-traffic
forwarding function in the Casa CLI.
Example
CASA(config)# interface vlan 999
CASA(conf-if-vlan 999)# no l2vpn local-traffic-forwarding
BSoD support — Monitoring pseudowire connections

The CasaBSoDl2vpnMib has been implemented to monitor Business Services over
DOCSIS (BSOD) pseudowire connections.

-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.102.1.1
casaBSoDl2vpnMibObject OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { casaBSoDl2vpnMib 1 }
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.102.1.1.1
casaBSoDl2vpnPWTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF CasaBSoDl2vpnPWEntry
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This table maps l2vpnname to the corresponding
pseudo-wire"
::= { casaBSoDl2vpnMibObject 1 }
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.102.1.1.1.1
casaBSoDl2vpnPWEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX CasaBSoDl2vpnPWEntry
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This table contains a list of the pseudo-wire and the
corresponding configuration paramters including the VPN
identifier,VC-ID,pseudo-wire type,peer IP address and
Cable Modem MAC address, indexed by L2vpnname that
provisioned on the CMTS"
INDEX { casaL2vpnname, casaL2vpnpwPeerAddr}
::= { casaBSoDl2vpnPWTable 1 }
CasaBSoDl2vpnPWEntry ::= SEQUENCE {

casaL2vpnname OCTET STRING,
casaL2vpnpwPeerAddr IpAddress,
casaL2vpnId OCTET STRING,
casaL2vpnPWVcId Unsigned32,
casaL2vpnPwType IANAPwTypeTC,
casaCableL2vpnPWMac MacAddress
}
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.102.1.1.1.1.1
casaL2vpnname OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OCTET STRING
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A unique string generated by the CMTS to indices for each each
pseudo-wire."
::= { casaBSoDl2vpnPWEntry 1 }
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.102.1.1.1.1.2
casaL2vpnpwPeerAddr OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION

"This object contains the value of the peer node address

of the PW/PE maintenance protocol entity."
::= { casaBSoDl2vpnPWEntry 2}
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.102.1.1.1.1.3
casaL2vpnId OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OCTET STRING
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An administered octet string that externally identifies an
L2VPN."
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.102.1.1.1.1.4
casaL2vpnPWVcId OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Unsigned32
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The Virtual Circuit Identifier(VCID) of the pseudo-wire."
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.102.1.1.1.1.5
casaL2vpnPwType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IANAPwTypeTC
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This value indicates the emulated service to be carried over
this PW."
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.102.1.1.1.1.6
casaCableL2vpnPWMac OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX MacAddress
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The Cable modem MAC Addresses bind to a PW."
Displaying CPU flow statistics to avert DoS attacks

The show swmgr flow-classes diagnostic mode CLI command has been implemented
to display CPU flow statistics to assist in detecting potential denial-of-service (DoS)
attacks. The output shows non-RED packets as G+Y Packets. A mitigated DoS attack
can be detected either by an increasing RED packet counter for a Meter type entry, or
an increasing total packet counter for a Filter type entry.

Example
CASA(diag)# show swmgr flow-classes
Total G + Y Red Total G + Y Red
Flow Name Type Packets Packets Packets Bytes Bytes Bytes
LC_KA Priority 836210 836210 0 55524496 55524496 0
Best_Effort Meter 69 69 0 10110 10110 0
LACP Meter 0 0 0 0 0 0
ARP Meter 1226822 1226822 0 82877836 82877836 0
ARP_Reply Meter 83802 83802 0 5499768 5499768 0
QAM_ENCAP Meter 265 265 0 149218 149218 0
STP Meter 185236 185236 0 12624371 1262437 0
ISIS Meter 0 0 0 0 0 0
Expmt Fltr Filter 0 0 0 0 0 0
Maximum transmission unit increase

The maximum transmission unit (MTU) upper limit has been increased from 4470 to
9190 bytes for the GigeE and xGigE network interfaces. The MTU size now ranges
from 1500 through 9180 bytes, with 1500 the default.
Example
CASA(config-if-gige 6/0)# mtu ?
<1500-9180> mtu size in byte; default is 1500
Ping quiet mode

The quiet option was added to the ping and ping6 commands in the Casa CLI for a
quieter output to show the packets transmitted and received without the repeated
attempts listed.
Example
CASA(config)# ping quiet repeat 10 192.168.8.8
PING 192.168.8.8 (192.168.8.8): 56 bytes of data.
--- 192.168.8.8 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.506/0.642/1.687/0.349 ms
Traceroute extended to more than five hops

The traceroute and traceroute6 commands in the Casa CLI have been enhanced to
support more than five address hops to a destination IP. They were previously limited
to five hops only.

Digital optical monitoring signaling output added

Signaling parameters for digital optical monitoring (DOM) have been added to the
output for the show interface transceiver, show interface gige transceiver, and
show interface xgige transceiver commands. The output shows real-time monitoring
of Ethernet small-factor pluggable (SFP) transmit and receive power, optical current,
voltage, and temperature.
Example
CASA> show interface xgige transceiver
Optical Optical Optical
Temperature Voltage Current Tx Power Rx Power
Interface (Celsius) (Volts) (mA) dBm) (dBm)
--------- ----------- ------- ------- -------- --------
xgige 6/0 - - - - -
xgige 6/1 - - - - -
xgige 6/2 - - - - -
xgige 6/3 42.2 3.27 41.4 -2.3 -2.2
xgige 6/4 - - - - -
xgige 6/5 38.1 3.33 6.2 -2.6 -0.6
Spectral inversion maintains other QAM parameters

A correction was made to persist the channel frequency, modulation, and symbol rate
when spectral inversion is enabled for a port. These parameters were previously
flushed when spectral inversion was enabled. Spectral inversion changes are made
with Annex definitions at the port or channel level, and the frequency, modulation,
and symbol rate are now persisted. With a spectral inversion change for shared
channels, only one channel is changed if the port or configured channel is down,
otherwise all active broadcast channels are changed.

Example
CASA(config-if-qam 3/0)# channel 36 annex A spectral-inversion
CASA(config-if-qam 3/0)# show this
interface qam 3/0
modulation 64qam
interleave 128x1
channel 0 frequency 205000000
no channel 0 shutdown
…
channel 36 annex A spectral-inversion
channel 36 frequency 400000000
channel 36 interleave 12
no channel 36 shutdown
Complete output entries for show cable modem commands

The show cable modem phy and show cable modem remote-query commands now
display the complete number of output entry rows. The commands previously showed
only 10 entries even if modems were bonding on more downstream channels due to a
snmpbulkget maximum repetition count limitation.
Streams reestablished after line card back in service

If a linecard is in a down state without switchover being configured, the Universal
Session and Resource Manager (USRM) connections for the video interface
connected to that linecard are now terminated. The SRM connection was previously
not terminated so that mini-carousel data could not be rebuilt when the linecard was in
a running state again. Now, when the QAM card gets rebooted or is removed without
a standby linecard, all SRM connections associated with the linecard are torn down.
R6 protocol supported for NGOD video

Casa now supports the R6 protocol for the Resource Management Real Time
Streaming Protocol (RTSP) interface for Next Generation on Demand (NGOD).
Previously, only the Discovery (D6) protocol was supported. Configuration details
will be provided as soon as available.
Duplicate access-list entry prevention

Access-list duplication checking has been implemented to prevent duplicate rules
from being added to an access list. Attempts at a duplicate access-list entry are
prompted with an error message.

Example
CASA(config)# ip access-list kw
CASA(conf-acl kw)# permit all 1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 3.3.3.3 4.4.4.4 dscp 5 7
8 time-range kw
CASA(conf-acl kw)# permit all 1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 3.3.3.3 4.4.4.4 dscp 5 7
8 time-range kw
Duplicate ACL rule.
Fail to add rule to access-list kw
Bonding and non-bonding modems in summary output

Bonding and non-bonding modem counts are now displayed in show cable modem
summary total and show cable modem downstream summary total commands.
Example
CASA# show cable modem summary
Upstream Total Active Registered Secondary Offline Bonding
Interface Modems Modems Modems Modems Modems Modems
Non-Bonding Channel
Modems Description
13/0.0/0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
DCC to an invalid upstream channel prevention

A load-balancing dynamic channel change (DCC) or dynamic bonding change (DBC)
request now returns an error if an invalid upstream channel is specified. The upstream
channel is invalid if not included in the service group requested for the channel
change. Previously, there was no error message returned in this situation.
Example
CASA(config)# show interface docsis-mac 1 brief
interface docsis-mac 1
no shutdown
…
downstream 1 interface qam 4/1/0
downstream 2 interface qam 4/1/1
…
upstream 1 interface upstream 9/0.0/0
CASA(config)# show cable modem e448.c7b8.f3e4

MAC Address :e448.c7b8.f3e4

…
MAC Domain :1
Service-Group :1
Upstream Channel Set :9/0.0/0, 9/0.1/0
Downstream Channel Set :4/1/0, 4/1/1
CASA(config)# show service group

Service group 1
qam 4/1/0
qam 4/1/1
upstream 9/0.0
upstream 9/0.1
CASA(config)# cable modem e448.c7b8.f3e4 dbc upstream-list 3

initial-tech direct
9/0.2 is not configured in the service group 1
Event notification of authorized user login changed to informational

A successful user login is now reported with the Informational level message.
Previously, an Alarm severity message was reported. Unsuccessful logins are still
reported with an Error message.
Example
[Mon Jan 4 12:54:19 2016]-IN-AAA-1: smm6: t15 logged in from
10.3.97.58 through Telnet authenticated by TACACS server
[Mon Jan 4 12:00:53 2016]-ER-AAA-0: smm6: root from 10.3.97.58 through

Telnet is not authenticated by TACACS server
Corrected and uncorrectable FEC reported in show cable modem

The show cable modem fec commands for displaying forward error correction (FEC)
now show corrected and uncorrectable FEC results upstream. The output did not
previously include these values.
Examples
CASA(config)# show cable modem fec
MAC Address US IF USSNR Unerrored Corrected Uncorrectable
0018.4de7.3d60 9/0.3/0 40.4 2269 0 0
…
CASA(config)# show upstream fec docsis-mac 11
US chan frequency status cFEC uFEC
10/0.0/0 20000000 UP 0 0
10/0.1/0 24000000 UP 0 0
10/0.2/0 28000000 UP 0 0

10/0.3/0 32000000 UP 16 78
Ranging status for upstream channels

The show cable modem verbose command now displays the ranging status values for
each upstream channel, including the upstream SNR and power levels. Previously, the
output did not include these values.
Examples
CASA# show cable modem verbose
MAC Address :e448.c7b4.ab62
IP Address :10.105.1.254
MAC Status :online(pt)
CM-ID :1
Prim Sid :1
MAC Domain :1
Service-Group :1
Upstream Channel Set :13/0.0/0, 13/0.1/0, 13/0.2/0, 13/0.3/0
Downstream Channel Set :2/0/0, 2/0/1, 2/0/2, 2/0/3
Unusable channel list :2/0/4, 2/0/5, 2/0/6, 2/0/7
Upstream Channel :11/0.0/0 11/0.1/0 11/0.2/0 11/0.3/0
Ranging Status :RNG_SUCCESS RNG_SUCCESS RNG_SUCCESS
Upstream SNR (dB) :42.1 42.1 42.1 42.1
Received Power (dBmV) :0.0 0.2 -0.5
Reported Transmit Power (dBmV) :40.5 40.8 39.8
Peak Transmit Power (dBmV) :58.0 58.0 58.0
Phy Max Power (dBmV) :20.8 20.8 20.8
Minimum Transmit Power (dBmV) :20.2 20.2 20.2
RCP ID :00 10 18 80 81
Initial Timing Offset :1611…
DOCSIS shared secret mismatch returns new offline(m) status

A cable modem that registers with a mismatched DOCSIS shared secret now appears
as offline with a MAC status of offline(m) in a show cable modem command output.
The status indicates that the CM failed the message integrity check (MIC) and was put
offline. The show cable modem rogue command indicates the configured shared
secret of the rogue CM.
Examples
CASA(conf-if-mac 1)# shared-secret 7 <mic_string> extend
CASA(conf-if-mac 1)# show cable modem 2476.7d98.b7d1
MAC Address IP Addr US DS MAC Prim RxPwr Timing Num BPI
Intf Intf Status Sid (dB) Offset CPEs Enb
2476.x.x.x 0.0.0.0 9/0.1/0 4/6/3 offline(m) 0 0.0 0 0 no

online cm 0 ; offline cm 1 ; ranging cm 0
Default modulation profiles removed from show run output

The show run command now omits the first five, default modulation profiles in the
output and shows no profiles if no additional ones are defined. The default profiles
were previously shown in the output. However, the show modulation-profile
command does include the default profiles in the output along with the others defined.
Only the defined profiles 10 and 11 are shown in the following example.
Examples
CASA(config)# show running-config | begin modulation-profile
modulation-profile 10
request atdma qpsk off 64 0 16 338 0 16 fixed on 1 1536 qpsk0
initial atdma qpsk off 640 5 34 338 0 48 fixed on 1 1536 qpsk0
station atdma qpsk off 384 5 34 338 0 48 fixed on 1 1536 qpsk0
short tdma qpsk off 84 6 75 338 13 8 shortened on
long tdma qpsk off 96 8 220 338 0 8 shortened on
a-short atdma 16qam off 104 12 75 338 6 16 shortened on 0 2048 qpsk1
a-long atdma 16qam off 104 16 223 338 0 16 shortened on 0 2048 qpsk1
ugs atdma 16qam off 104 16 223 338 0 8 shortened on 0 2048 qpsk1
modulation-profile 11
request atdma qpsk off 64 0 16 338 0 16 fixed on 1 1536 qpsk0
initial atdma qpsk off 640 5 34 338 0 48 fixed on 1 1536 qpsk0
station atdma qpsk off 384 5 34 338 0 48 fixed on 1 1536 qpsk0
short tdma 16qam off 168 6 75 338 7 8 shortened on
Route map recursive next-hop support for L3VPNs added

Route map recursive next-hop support in L3VPNs was added in order to direct user
traffic from the CPEs to the next-hop in the MPLS network. The set mpls-label
parameter must be enabled in the route-map configuration.
In the following example, the access-list directs all traffic except the modem traffic.
Example
CASA(config)# show ip access-list PBR_ORANGE
10 deny all 10.136.0.0 255.255.0.0 any any any
CASA(config)# show route-map pbr_orange

route-map pbr_orange, permit, sequence 10
Match clauses:

ip address (access-lists): PBR_ORANGE

Set clauses:
ip next-hop: 10.127.105.118 , vrf vpn_orange , Mac 0:00:00:00:00:00
Policy routing matches: IPv4 10125 packets, 3814508 bytes IPv6 0

packets, 0 bytes
CASA(config)# show interface ip-bundle 10.5 brief

interface ip-bundle 10.5
description "---- Bitstream ORANGE ----"
dhcp-authorization
…
ip address 10.136.4.1 255.255.254.0
…
cable helper-address 10.47.239.27 cable-modem vrf vpn_orange
cable helper-address 10.127.37.31 cable-modem vrf vpn_orange
ip policy route-map pbr_orange
ip access-group 150
CASA(config)# show ip route vrf vpn_orange

Codes: K - kernel route, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, O - OSPF,
I - ISIS L1 - LEVEL-1 L2 - LEVEL-2 IA - inter area, B - BGP,
> - selected route, * - FIB route.
B *> 0.0.0.0/0 [200/1] via 10.209.20.13 (recursive via 10.47.240.125

via 10.47.243.73), 12:29:19
…
Power shelf status monitoring and event logging

Log messages are now generated anytime there is a change to the system’s power
state. This includes PEM insertion and removal in a redundant system, and power
failures.
SNMP MIB to configure Lawful Intercept into VRF

The casa-lawful-intercept-mib has been implemented in Release 7.2 to configure
lawful intercept (LI) mirrored data into a VRF.
CASA-LAWFUL-INTERCEPT-MIB DEFINITIONS
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.101.1.1
casaLawfulInterceptConfTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF CasaLawfulInterceptConfEntry
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION

"Table to represent VRF information for lawful

intercept."
::= { casaLawfulInterceptMib 1 }
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.101.1.1.1
casaLawfulInterceptConfEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX CasaLawfulInterceptConfEntry
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Rows of table casaLawfulInterceptConfTable."
INDEX { casaLawfulInterceptConfId }
::= { casaLawfulInterceptTable 1 }
CasaLawfulInterceptEntry ::=
SEQUENCE {
casaLawfulInterceptId
Integer32,
casaLawfulInterceptVRF
DisplayString
}
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.101.1.1.1.1
casaLawfulInterceptConfId OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An identifier of a lawful intercept session. See
pktcEScTapMediationContentId,cTap2MediationContentId
and cTapMediationEntry."
::= { casaLawfulInterceptConfEntry 1 }
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.101.1.1.1.2
casaLawfulInterceptConfVRF OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The VRF name of this session."
::= { casaLawfulInterceptConfEntry 2 }
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.101.1.2
casaLawFulInterceptGroups OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
casaLawfulInterceptMib 2 }
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.101.1.2.1
casaLawFulInterceptGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS { casaLawfulInterceptVRF }
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Casa lawful intercept group."

::= { casaLawFulInterceptGroups 1 }
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.101.1.3
casaLawfulInterceptCompliances OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
casaLawfulInterceptMib 3 }
-- 1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.101.1.3.1
casaLawfulInterceptCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Casa lawful intercept compliance."
MODULE -- this module
GROUP casaLawFulInterceptGroup
DESCRIPTION
" "
::= { casaLawfulInterceptCompliances 1 }
IS-IS ATT-Bit control

The attached-bit receive ignore command has been introduced in the router-isis
configuration to configure the IS-IS router or IPv6 address-family to ignore the
attached-bit in received Level 1 link-state packets (LSPs). The attached-bit can also
be set using the set-attached-bit {always | never} command.
The default setting (no attached-bit receive ignore) allows the router to install the
default route when the attached-bit is set in the LSP receive. The command can also be
set at the IPv6 address-family level.
Example
CASA(config)# router isis
CASA(config-isis)# attached-bit receive ignore
[no] attached-bit receive ignore
CASA(config-router-isis)# address-family ipv6

CASA(config-router-isis-af)# attached-bit receive ignore
Subscriber Traffic Management enhancement

Subscriber Traffic Management (STM) has been enhanced to monitor interface
utilization in addition to the currently supported subscriber transmission rates. STM
only manages a subscriber if its transmission rate and the interface utilization both
exceed predefined limits in the cable traffic-policy configuration.

The channel-utilization-threshold <0-100> command has been implemented in the

Casa CLI to specify the minimum utilization percentage that will trigger cable traffic
rules.
Increased number of buffers for active DBC transactions

The number of dynamic free buffers available for active DBC transactions has been
increased from 600 to 1000 for improved processing during peak traffic periods.
show tech-support command enhancements

The show tech-support command has been enhanced to include the following
additional information in the displayed output:
• show dmesg — system kernel messages

• dmesg.sav and coredump.sav files on /fdsk, if present
• ls -ltr /fdsk command output
• ha-log and ha_log.bak files
• ha_debug_log and ha_debug_log.bak files
IP domain name in CMTS configuration

The [no] ip domain-name <string> command has been introduced in the Casa
configuration mode to allow users to specify a default fully qualified domain name
(FQDN) for the system’s DNS service. The configured domain name can contain up
to 63 characters. Use the no form of the command to remove the configured domain
name.
Ping requests from the CMTS to the configured host domain are supported with this
feature. Note that the nameserver parameter must be set to the source IP address of
the DNS server in order to process domain name requests and responses at the CMTS.
Example
CASA(config)# ip domain-name casa-systems.com
CASA(config)# end
CASA# ping www

PING www.casa-systems.com (98.129.229.220): 56 bytes of data.
64 bytes from 98.129.229.220: icmp_seq=0 ttl=50 time=60.396 ms

64 bytes from 98.129.229.220: icmp_seq=1 ttl=50 time=60.713 ms

--- www.casa-systems.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 60.396/60.555/60.713/0.159 ms
DNS support in DVB Simulcrypt

The domain-name <string> command has been introduced in the Casa configuration
mode to allow users to specify a default fully qualified domain name (FQDN) for the
Entitlement Control Message Generator (ECMG), where a connection from the CCAP
to the ECMG can take place using the domain name rather than the IPv4 or IPv6
ECMG address. The configured domain name can contain up to 254 characters.
Note: Either a domain name OR an IP address may be configured at any one

time to establish a connection with the ECMG. The software will return an error
message if an ECMG domain name or an IP address is already configured.
Example
CASA(config)# video simulcrypt ecmg test
CASA(config-ecmg test)# domain-name ?

<string> domain name of ECMG, maximum length is 254
CASA(config-ecmg test)# domain-name ecmg.casa-systems.com
CASA(config-ecmg test)# ip-address 6.6.7.8

SimulCrypt ECMG domain name is configured.
show cable modem verbose command additions

The show cable modem verbose command has been enhanced with the following
statistics in the displayed output:
• Upstream Channel
• Ranging Status
• Upstream SNR (dB)
• Received Power (dBmV)
• Reported Transmit Power (dBmV)
• Peak Transmit Power (dBmV)

• Phy Max Power (dBmV)

• Minimum Transmit Power (dBmV)
Example
CASA# show cable modem 0024.d11e.4b2a verbose
MAC Address :0024.d11e.4b2a

IP Address :10.137.1.251
MAC Status :init(o)
CM-ID :2
Prim Sid :40
MAC Domain :1
Service-Group :1
Upstream :4/2.3/0
Downstream :1/0/2
Unusable channel list :
Upstream Channel :4/2.3/0
Ranging Status :RNG_SUCCESS
Upstream SNR (dB) :30.7
Received Power (dBmV) : 0.0
Reported Transmit Power (dBmV) :26.5
Peak Transmit Power (dBmV) :58.0
Phy Max Power (dBmV) :-
Minimum Transmit Power (dBmV) :20.2
Timing Offset :2367
Initial Timing Offset :2367
Received Power :0 dBmV
MAC Version :DOC3.0
Qos Provisioned Mode :DOC1.1
Enable DOCSIS2.0 Mode :N
Extended Upstream Transmit Power :-
Initial Ranging Message :B-INIT-RNG-REQ
Registration Request Message :REG-REQ-MP
Phy Operating Mode :tdma
Capabilities :{Frag=N, Concat=N,
PHS=N,
Priv=BPI}
Optional Filtering Support :{802.1P=N, 802.1Q=N}
BPI encrypt algorithm :Unknown
Number of CPE IPs :0
CFG Max-CPE :16
CFG Max-IPV6-CPE :16
Submgt Active :Off
Submgt Learnable :On
Submgt cm-filter-downstream :0
Submgt cm-filter-upstream :0
Submgt cpe-filter-downstream :0
Submgt cpe-filter-upstream :0

show ipdr disk command in diag mode

The show ipdr disk [usage] command has been introduced in the Casa diag mode to
display IPDR RAM and flash disk usage.
• show ipdr disk — Displays the entire disk, including individual files.
• show ipdr disk usage — Displays total disk usage.
Example
CASA(diag)# show ipdr disk
IPDR RAM DISK FILE USAGE:
0 /tmp/ipdr_record
IPDR FLASH DISK FILE USAGE:

0 /fdsk/ipdr_record/ipdr_samis2_record_tmp
0 /fdsk/ipdr_record/ipdr_samis1_record_tmp
0 /fdsk/ipdr_record/ipdr_cpe_record_tmp
0 /fdsk/ipdr_record/ipdr_samis_record_tmp
0 /fdsk/ipdr_record/ipdr_cm_status_record_tmp
0 /fdsk/ipdr_record/ipdr_diaglog_record_tmp
0 /fdsk/ipdr_record/ipdr_sm_record_tmp
0 /fdsk/ipdr_record/ipdr_us_status_record_tmp
0 /fdsk/ipdr_record/ipdr_logdetail_record_tmp
6169 /fdsk/ipdr_record/ipdr_us_util_evt_record
0 /fdsk/ipdr_record/ipdr_cpe_adhoc_record_tmp
0 /fdsk/ipdr_record/ipdr_cmRegStatus_adhoc_record_tmp
0 /fdsk/ipdr_record/ipdr_cmUsStatus_adhoc_record_tmp
0 /fdsk/ipdr_record/ipdr_diaglog_adhoc_record_tmp
0 /fdsk/ipdr_record/ipdr_us_util_evt_record_tmp
38937 /fdsk/ipdr_record
CASA(diag)# show ipdr disk usage

IPDR RAM DISK USAGE:
0 /tmp/ipdr_record
IPDR FLASH DISK USAGE:

66k /fdsk/ipdr_record
CASA(diag)#
VRF interoperability for EIS and ECMG servers

VRF interoperability has been implemented for the Event Information Scheduler
(EIS) and the Entitlement Control Message Generator (ECMG) communication
interfaces. Configure the named VRF instance string (with up to 32 characters) prior
to issuing the following commands in the Casa CLI.

• [no] video simulcrypt ecmg <string> [vrf <string>]

• [no] video simulcrypt eis [vrf <string>]
CCAP communication with the ECMG and the EIS will take place over the
configured VRF routing instance.
Example
CASA(config)# video simulcrypt ecmg vrf vrfname
CASA(config)# video simulcrypt eis vrf vrfname
Direct hops between spectrum-management rules

The cm-mode modulation-immediate command has been introduced in the Casa
spectrum-rule configuration context to immediately hop (up or down) to the correct
modulation profile based on the SNR reading.
To perform the existing behavior of cascading though all available hop profiles, issue
the cm-mode command without the modulation-immediate option.
Example: To immediately hop to the correct modulation profile

CASA(config)# spectrum rule 10
CASA(conf-rule 10)# cm-mode modulation-immediate
Example: To cascade through all available modulation profiles

CASA(config)# spectrum rule 10
CASA(conf-rule 10)# cm-mode
QAM 8x96 capacity enhancement in Release 7.2

C10G and C100G platforms running Release 7.2 now support up to ten QAM 8x96
modules with up 32 channels per port over eight ports for a maximum of 256 channels
per module, and 2560 channels per DSG tunnel-group, and 5120 channels across all
tunnel groups system wide. The enhancement implements additional channel capacity
for Advanced DOCSIS Set-top Gateway (ADSG) deployments.

Video Web interface enhancements

Release 7.2 introduces a revised Casa Video Web interface with improved screen
presentations and usability enhancement. For detailed information, see the Casa
Systems – CCAP Video Edge User Guide for Release 7.2 (when available).
The following Reserved PID functionality has been added to the Configure->Video
Global page:
• Reserved PID Upper Limit

• Drop Reserved Pids (Yes/No)
Corresponding CLI
CASA(config)# video reserved-pid upper-limit
<1-65535> upper limit of reserved pid. Default is 15
CASA(config)# video drop reserved-pids
CASA(config)# video drop reserved-pids

CASA(config)# no video drop reserved-pids
The Monitoring > QAM screen in the Casa Video web interface has been changed to
the Monitoring > Video QAM screen to clarify that it is the video QAM interface.
The Replicate Port parameter was removed from the Shared Channel section of the
Configure > QAM screen in the Casa Video Web interface. The table column no
longer shows the parameter and it was removed from the Modify Port dialog.
The System > Users screen was modified to show a User List table with username,
privilege level, GUI access, and read/write privilege columns.
BGP global IPv6 address in routing policy

The set ipv6 next-hop <ipv6-address> command has been added to the global BGP
route-map configuration for establishing neighbor sessions and route redistribution
with the specified peer IPv6 address. Use the no form of the command to remove the
IPv6 next-hop setting from the route-map configuration.
Example
CASA(config)# route-map V6-CMTS-TO-HUB permit 5

CASA(conf-route-map V6-CMTS-TO-HUB)# set ipv6 next-hop

2001:578:30:7000:174:68:255:206
CASA(conf-route-map V6-CMTS-TO-HUB)# no set ipv6 next-hop
IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP authorization enhancement

IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP authorization for IP bundles and DOCSIS MAC domains can
now be controlled independently using the ipv4-only and ipv6-only options.
Previously, DHCP authorization was either on for both IPv4 and IPv6, or off.
Using the dhcp-authorization command with no options turns DHCP authorization

on for both IPv4 and IPv6.
Example
CASA(config)# interface docsis-mac 3
CASA(conf-if-mac 3)# dhcp-authorization ?
<cr>
ipv4-only Enable dhcp authorization for IPv4 only
CASA-C10G(conf-if-mac 3)# no dhcp-authorization
CASA(config)# interface ip-bundle 5

CASA(ip-bundle 5)# dhcp-authorization ?
<cr>
default use dhcp authorization in mac-domain
show video simulcrypt ecmg command

The following fields have been added to the show video simulcrypt ecmg display
output.
• Access-criteria: <message>
• Stream ECM ID: <message>
• Stream Status: <message>

show video power-key encrypt-data command

The show video power-key encrypt-data [session <num>] has been implemented in
the Casa diag mode for troubleshooting PowerKey encrypted sessions.
Example
CASA(diag)# show video power-key encrypt-data session 88
Power-Key encryptor data for session 001710035f40 00000088:
streamId(local session id): 4474306
Power-Key session id (to lib): 1
is_encrypted: 1
start_immediate: 1
start_time: 0
ecm_update_period: 100
cw_update_period: 4000
cw_setup_peroid: 450
caDATA[0] typeOfData: 0
caDATA[0] deliveryId: 0
caDATA[0] serialNumber: 0
caDATA[0] caDataLen: 80
caDATA[0] caData:
204e050e 00103900 0e000500 0000017e 21003000 00000000 00000000
00000000
00000000 00000001 00000002 00000003 00000004 00000005 00000006
00000000
20202020 20202020 20202020 20202020
TSID repetition and increment option; other enhancements

The following channel transport stream ID (TSID) commands now include a
repetition count [<num>] and increment [inc <num>] option when configuring a
TSID range for single carrier and narrowcast shared channels. The repetition count
and increment options allow users to configure multiple channel TSIDs with one
command.
Format:
channel <id> transport stream id <tsid> [<num> [inc <num>]]

no channel <id> transport stream id [<num>]
shared-channel <sid> transport stream id <tsid> [<num> [inc <num>]]

no shared-channel <sid> transport stream id [<num>]
Example
CASA(config-if-qam 3/0)# ch 0 transport stream id 1 40 inc 2

Other TSID enhancements:
• The software now translates the transport stream ID (TSID) to include the slot/
port/channel information for easier translation in video log messages when
logging is enabled with the video logging edis-text command.
• The show video session <session-id> command now includes the transport
stream ID (TSID) in the listed session creation parameters. Previously, the QAM
channel translation to the output port number was being presented instead of the
expected TSID.
OFDMA SNMP objects in DOCS-IF31-MIB

Support has been added for the docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanTable objects in the
SNMP DOCS-IF31-MIB for OFDMA. These objects include the following:
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanTemplateIndex
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanConfigChangeCt
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanTargetRxPower
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanLowerBdryFreq
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanUpperBdryFreq
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanSubcarrierSpacing
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanCyclicPrefix
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanNumSymbolsPerFrame
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanRollOffPeriod
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanPreEqEnable
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanFineRngGuardband
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanFineRngNumSubcarriers
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanFineRngPreambleLen
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanInitRngGuardband
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanInitRngNumSubcarriers
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanInitRngPreambleLen
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanProvAttribMask

• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanTxBackoffStart
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanRangingBackoffEnd
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaChanUtilization
Support has been added for the docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaDataIucStatsTable objects

in the SNMP DOCS-IF31-MIB for OFDMA. These objects include the following:
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaDataIucStatsTotalCodewords
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaDataIucStatsCorrectedCodewords
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaDataIucStatsUnreliableCodewords
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaDataIucStatsInOctets
• docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaDataIucStatsCtrDiscontinuityTime
Support has been added for the docsIf31CmtsUsOfdmaProfileStatusTable objects

in the SNMP DOCS-IF31-MIB for OFDMA. These objects include the following:
• docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaProfileTotalCodewords
• docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaProfileCorrectedCodewords
• docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaProfileUnreliableCodewords
• docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaProfileLastPartialChanTime
• docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaProfileLastPartialChanReasonCode
• docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaProfilePartialChanReasonCode
Support has been added for the docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaChannelStatusTable
objects in the SNMP DOCS-IF31-MIB to support queries to OFDMA channel signal
statistics and for SNMP configuration of the RxMerThreshold (read-write) setting.
• docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaChannelRxPower
• docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaChannelMeanRxMer
• docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaChannelStdDevRxMer
• docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaChannelRxMerThreshold
• docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaChannelThresholdRxMerValue

• docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaChannelThresholdRxMerHighestFreq
• docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaChannelMicroreflections
• docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaChannelHighResolutionTimingOffset
• docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaChannelIsMuted
• docsIf31CmtsCmUsOfdmaChannelRangingStatus
distance bgp command in IPv6

The IPv4 distance bgp <external=1:255> <internal=1:255> <local=1:255>
command to set external, internal, and local administrative distance from the AS has
been applied under the IPv6 unicast address-family ipv6 global and VRF
configuration contexts.
Example
CMTS(config-router-bgp)# address-family ipv6
CMTS(config-router-af)# distance bgp 77 88 99
CMTS(config-router-af)# show this

!
address-family ipv6
aggregate-address 135::135:1:0/120 summary-only
neighbor 48.48.48.48 activate
neighbor 135.135.135.79 activate
distance bgp 77 88 99
exit-address-family
DHCP server IP in DHCP RENEW and REPLY packets

The dhcp renew keep-server-address command has been introduced in the Casa CLI
to enable the DHCP server source IP address in DCHP RENEW and DHCP REPLY
packets. The new command addresses situations where cable modems and CPEs
behind firewalls end up with a mismatched DHCP IP address causing DHCP RENEW
requests to fail.
The default setting is disabled. Use the no form of the command to revert to the
default setting.
Example
CASA(config)# dhcp renew keep-server-address

Class-of-service priority queuing and buffering

Enhancements. A number of improvements have been implemented in the software
to address conditions where excessive ingress traffic to the SMM GigE and xGigE
interfaces can cause congestion and resulting IS-IS and OSPF adjacency flaps with
neighbor routers.
The software changes to address traffic congestion include improved class-of-service

(COS) priority queuing and buffering of traffic, as well as hierarchical QOS (H-QOS)
for improved handling of ingress unicast and multicast video traffic to a single QAM.
Rate limiting is NOT enabled with this enhancement.
Ingress NSI traffic is grouped into three priorities:
• Control (routing protocols, etc)

• Video
• Best Effort (BE)
Each NSI traffic type has a separate, guaranteed, and unshared buffer space so that
other traffic remains unaffected. The output ports (to the line cards) have eight unicast
and four multicast queues with different priorities. The hierarchical queuing allows an
intermingling of the unicast and multicast priority traffic. Unicast queues 0-3 are
scheduled equally with multicast queues 0-3, where unicast queues 4-7 are given
higher priority.
The port buffer thresholds are set up so that over subscription of NSI or line card ports
WILL NOT affect control flows in the system.
There are no CLI additions or changes with these enhancements.
SSH server encryption algorithms

The additional ecdsa and ed25519 encryption algorithm values were added to the dsa
and rsa values for the ssh-server gen-hostkey command in the CLI. This command
generates a host key to replace the default one. The key can now be based on the
Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA); Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm
(ECDSA); Twisted Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EcDSA); or Rivest,
Shamir and Adleman (RSA) cryptographic algorithm. The command is executed in
Casa enable mode.

Example
CASA# ssh-server gen-hostkey ecdsa
CASA# ssh-server gen-hostkey ed25519
GQIv2 and RPC 103-105 statistics

The show video edis statistics command has been revised to display GQIv2 protocol
and RPC 103-105 statistics. This is a display enhancement only.
Partial-service reporting in show cable modem

The show cable modem partial-service and show cable modem bonding commands
in the CLI have been enhanced to display reason information for cable modem
channels (upstream, downstream, OFDM, and OFDMA) going into the partial service
state. The reason types are now listed with the command and appended to the UD/DS
CHANNEL EXCLUDED column values, as follows:
• 0 – Unknown
• 1 – MAC domain descriptor (MDD) timeout
• 2 – QAM/FEC lock failure
• 3 – Bad transmit channel configuration (TCC)
• 4 – Bad transmit power
• 5 – Range timeout
• 6 – Next codeword pointer (NCP) profile failure
• 7 – Impaired channel
• 8 – Unreachable channel
• 9 – Ranging failure
Example
CASA# show cable modem partial-service
Reason code: x/y/z(reason_code)
1 MDD timeout, 2 QAM/FEC lock failure
3 Bad tcc, 4 TR power bad
5 Range timeout, 6 NCP profile failure
7 Impaired channel, 8 Channel unreachable
9 Ranging failure, 0 Unknown

MAC Address MAC US DS US DS US/DS CHAN EXCLUDED

id Intf Intf SET SET
08eb.74bc 63 12/0.0/0 2/0/31 256 257(3*23) 12/0.0w(3)
906e.bbd4 63 12/0.1/0 2/0/31 256 257(3*23) 12/0.0w(3)
UDP packet drop statistics

The show snmp statistics command has been enhanced to display UPD drop
statistics. The snmpCongestionDrops field has been added to the end of the display
listing.
Example
CASA# show snmp statistics
SNMP agent statistics
snmpInPkts: 38
snmpOutPkts: 38
snmpInBadVersions: 0
snmpInBadCommunityNames: 0
snmpInBadCommunityUses: 0
snmpInASNParseErrs: 0
snmpInTooBigs: 0
snmpInNoSuchNames: 0
snmpInBadValues: 0
snmpInReadOnlys: 0
snmpInGenErrs: 0
snmpInTotalReqVars: 38
snmpInTotalSetVars: 0
snmpInGetRequests: 0
snmpInGetNexts: 38
snmpInSetRequests: 0
snmpInGetResponses: 0
snmpInTraps: 0
snmpOutTooBigs: 0
snmpOutNoSuchNames: 0
snmpOutBadValues: 0
snmpOutGenErrs: 0
snmpOutGetRequests: 0
snmpOutGetNexts: 0
snmpOutSetRequests: 0
snmpOutGetResponses: 38
snmpOutTraps: 0
snmpEnableAuthenTraps: 1
snmpSilentDrops: 0
snmpProxyDrops: 0
snmpCongestionDrops: 36

OFDM OPT-REQ standard encoding

Encoding of the Type 1 byte in the OFDM Downstream Profile Test Request
(OPT-REQ) message has been changed from BITS encoding to standard encoding per
CableLabs ECO MULPIv3.1-O-16.1458. Previous to the change, some D3.1 modems
were rejecting the Requested Statistics encoding in the OPT-REQ message with no
OPT-RSP message.
QAM_ENCAP forwarding policy change

The default bandwidth/burst for the QAM_ENCAP forwarding policy class has been
increased from 80K/30K to 160K/60K for improved performance.
Console passwords
The console-password <password> command has been removed from the Casa CLI.
The console-password configuration is now specified with the adduser command.
The existing setting is converted to the new configuration and no reconfiguration is
necessary.
Example
CASA# adduser USER1 privilege 15 password Tr3btr3b
OFDM objects in SNMP DOCS-IF31-MIB

Support has been added for the docsIf31CmtsDsOfdmProfileStatsTable objects in
the SNMP DOCS-IF31-MIB for OFDM. These objects include the following:
• docsIf31CmtsDsOfdmProfileStatsTable
• docsIf31CmtsDsOfdmProfileStatsEntry
• docsIf31CmtsDsOfdmProfileStatsProfileId
• docsIf31CmtsDsOfdmProfileStatsConfigChangeCt
• docsIf31CmtsDsOfdmProfileStatsFullChannelSpeed
• docsIf31CmtsDsOfdmProfileStatsOutOctets
• docsIf31CmtsDsOfdmProfileStatsOutUnicastOctets
• docsIf31CmtsDsOfdmProfileStatsOutMulticastOctets

• docsIf31CmtsDsOfdmProfileStatsOutFrames
• docsIf31CmtsDsOfdmProfileStatsOutUnicastFrames
• docsIf31CmtsDsOfdmProfileStatsOutMulticastFrames
• docsIf31CmtsDsOfdmProfileStatsCtrDiscontinuityTime
SNMP additions to the CASA-CABLE-CMCPE-MIB file

Support has been added for the casaCmtsCmMacToCpe2Table objects in the SNMP
CASA-CABLE-CMCPE-MIB to support multiple virtual routing and forwarding
(VRF) queries. These objects include the following:
• casaCmtsCmIpToCpe2Table
• casaCmtsCmIpToCpe2Entry
• casaCmtsCmIpToCpe2CmVrfId
• casaCmtsCmIpToCpe2CmInetAddressType
• casaCmtsCmIpToCpe2CmInetAddress
• casaCmtsCmIpToCpe2VrfId
• casaCmtsCmIpToCpe2InetAddressType
• casaCmtsCmIpToCpe2InetAddress
• casaCmtsCmIpToCpe2MacAddress
• casaCmtsCmMacToCpe2Table
• casaCmtsCmMacToCpe2Entry
• casaCmtsCmMacToCpe2CmMacAddress
• casaCmtsCmMacToCpe2VrfId
• casaCmtsCmMacToCpe2InetAddressType
• casaCmtsCmMacToCpe2InetAddress
• casaCmtsCmMacToCpe2MacAddress
Support has been added for the casaCmtsCpeIpNetToPhysical2Table objects in the

SNMP CASA-CABLE-CMCPE-MIB to support multiple virtual routing and
forwarding (VRF) queries. These objects include the following:

• casaCmtsCpeIpNetToPhysical2Table
• casaCmtsCpeIpNetToPhysical2Entry
• casaCmtsCpeIpNetToPhysical2IfIndex
• casaCmtsCpeIpNetToPhysical2NetAddressType
• casaCmtsCpeIpNetToPhysical2VrfId
• casaCmtsCpeIpNetToPhysical2NetAddress
• casaCmtsCpeIpNetToPhysical2CmPhysAddresscasaCmtsCpeIpNetToPhysical2Type
Support has been added for the casaCmtsCmMacToCpe2Table objects in the SNMP
CASA-CABLE-CMCPE-MIB to support multiple virtual routing and forwarding
(VRF) queries. These objects include the following:
• casaCmtsCpeIpToCm2Table
• casaCmtsCpeIpToCm2Entry
• casaCmtsCpeIpToCm2CpeVrfId
• casaCmtsCpeIpToCm2CpeInetAddressType
• casaCmtsCpeIpToCm2CpeInetAddress
• casaCmtsCpeIpToCm2StatusIndex
• casaCmtsCpeIpToCm2Ipv4Address
• casaCmtsCpeIpToCm2Ipv6Address
• casaCmtsCpeIpToCm2MacAddress
The following SNMP objects have been added to the casa-cable-cmcpe-mib file to
support upstream and downstream secondary modem counts as currently supported
with the show cable modem downstream summary and show cable modem
upstream summary commands:
• casaCmtsUSSecondaryModemCount
• casaCmtsDSSecondaryModemCount

Example
1: casaCmtsUSSecondaryModemCount.5005632 (gauge) 1
***** SNMP QUERY STARTED *****1:
1: casaCmtsDSSecondaryModemCount.3001536 (gauge) 1
show cable modem offline counters command

The show cable modem fail counters command has been removed from the CLI and
replaced by the show cable modem offline counters command to display failure
results for cable modems that go offline due to failure conditions. The counts reflect
conditions resulting from ranging, DHCP, TFTP, CMTS registration, Baseline
Privacy Interface (BPI), or online backup or expiration.
The clear cable modem offline counters [docsis-mac <1:96>] command may be
used to reset the offline counters associated with a DOCSIS-MAC interface.
Example
CASA# show cable modem offline counters
Docsis-Mac rngfail DhcpFail Tftpfail regfail bpifail onlineback
1 2 1 1 1 1 1
2 3 1 1 1 1 1
Total: 5 2 2 2 2 2
CASA# clear cable modem offline counters docsis-mac 1
Video QAM output base port

The optional base parameter has been added to the video qam export configuration
slot command in the CLI to set the output port base. The output port base is reflected
in the outputPortBase parameter in the configuration file and varies by device.
The default base value is 0 for a Casa or Cisco System Resource Manager (SRM)
QAM 8x96 or QAM 8x192, or 1 for a BigBand SRM QAM 8x96 or QAM 8x192. The
slot value can be a comma-separated list. The syntax of the command is:
CASA# video qam export configuration slot <list> base {0|1}

[filename <file>} [in-service-state] [srm-num <1:8>]
Example
CASA# video qam export configuration slot 2,11 base 1
in-service-state filename casa-base1

Export video QAM configurations of module 2 to file /tftpboot/

casa-base1_2_1 successfully
Export video QAM configurations of module 11 to file /tftpboot/
casa-base1_11_1 successfully
Interface utilization monitoring in STM

Subscriber Traffic Management (STM) has been enhanced to monitor interface
utilization in addition to the currently supported subscriber transmission rates. STM
only manages a subscriber if its transmission rate and the interface utilization both
exceed predefined limits in the cable traffic-policy configuration.
The channel-utilization-threshold <0-100> command has been implemented in the

Casa CLI to specify the minimum utilization percentage that will trigger cable traffic
rules.
Video encrypted sessions

Improved error handling associated with video encrypted sessions between the CMTS
and ECMG servers has been implemented to prevent possible looping conditions.
When a stream error is detected, the CMTS will now reset and reestablish the
connection with the ECMG server. Syslog messages to report stream errors and the
ECMG server connection reestablishment have been implemented.
Sample console log:
[Sat Jun 8 19:31:14 2030]-DE-SIM-1: smm6: ecmg_scs_stream_error:

[Sat Jun 8 19:31:14 2030]-DE-SIM-1: smm6: send_ecmg_stream_error_msg:
[Sat Jun 8 19:31:14 2030]-DE-SIM-1: smm6: restartStreamMgr: systemId 18981:
[Sat Jun 8 19:31:14 2030]-DE-SIM-1: smm6: isEcmgActive: systemId 18981, end=7:
[Sat Jun 8 19:31:14 2030]-DE-SIM-1: smm6: isEcmgActive: 0 is active
ECMG error code logging

Enhancement. The ECMG error codes which can be returned by the ECMG protocol
when there are session issues between the CMTS and ECMG server are now included
in the system log for troubleshooting purposes.
0x0000 DVB Reserved

0x0001 invalid message

0x0002 unsupported protocol version

0x0003 unknown message_type value
0x0004 message too long
0x0005 unknown Super_CAS_id value
0x0006 unknown ECM_channel_id value
0x0007 unknown ECM_stream_id value
0x0008 too many channels on this ECMG
0x0009 too many ECM streams on this channel
0x000A too many ECM streams on this ECMG
0x000B not enough control words to compute ECM
0x000C ECMG out of storage capacity
0x000D ECMG out of computational resources
0x000E unknown parameter_type value
0x000F inconsistent length for DVB parameter
0x0010 missing mandatory DVB parameter
0x0011 invalid value for DVB parameter
0x0012 unknown ECM_id value
0x0013 ECM_channel_id value already in use
0x0014 ECM_stream_id value already in use
0x0015 ECM_id value already in use
0x0016 to 0x6FFF DVB Reserved
0x7000 unknown error
0x7001 unrecoverable error
0x7002 to 0x7FFF DVB Reserved
0x8000 to 0xFFFF ECMG specific/CA system specific/User defined
Resetting QAM counters

The Casa diagnostic mode module <number> qam-config-counter reset command
was added to the Casa CLI to reset the QAM Configuration Compiler (QCC) counters
without having to perform a system reboot. Counters requiring reset are revealed after
a configuration change with a message such as Enabled Channels and ref
counts don’t check, event_type: #, when shutting down ports.
The command returns warnings if other than a QAM module is specified and when
not all the QAM ports are shut down. Responding with YES resets the counters to
zero. Ports which are still enabled will show counters as negative with the show
interface qam <slot>/<port> block command. The ports must be shut down, the
command rerun, and the ports re-enabled.

Maximum number of IPv6 subnet

The maximum number of IPv6 subnets under the interface ip-bundle configuration
has been decreased from 2600 to 256 for improved routing table performance. The
software continues to support up to 2600 IPv4 subnets in the configuration.
cm-mode tolerance-count parameter range

The spectrum rule cm-mode tolerance-count parameter range has been revised from
<1-100> to <4-100> to correct a CLI command implementation error where the range
must be greater than the cm-mode backhop count <3-10> range. The default setting
remains at 15.
Example
CASA(conf-rule 64)# cm-mode tolerance-count ?
<4-100> default to 15
OFDMA channel power adjustment

The power-adjustment {continue | threshold} has been implemented in the
interface ofdma configuration context to enable adjustments to the upstream input
power on the ODFMA channel in the ranging response (RNG-RSP) message to the
modem.
• continue <2:15> — The CMTS can be set to continue to adjust the modem power
output during ranging response. If the power offset is within the power level set by
the power-adjustment continue command, the modem is properly ranged in
transmit power. If it is beyond this level, the CMTS continues to send power
adjust messages. The adjustment level is in dBmV; default is 2.
• threshold <0:2> — The upstream input power threshold determines whether or
not the CMTS will send power adjustments. If the modem transmits power is
within the threshold, the CMTS sends no adjustments. . If it is beyond the
threshold, then it sends a power adjustment. After 16 failed attempts, the CMTS
stops sending ranging and the modem remains offline. The adjustment level is in
dBmV; default is 1.

Example
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 12/3.0)# power-adjustment ?
continue margin in dB to consider cable modem
properly ranged
threshold threshold in dB to send power
adjustments in RNG-RSP
CASA(..ofdma-channel 12/3.0)#power-adjustment continue ?

<2-15> power adjust level
CASA(..ofdma-channel 12/3.0)# power-adjustment continue 5
CASA (..ofdma-channel 12/3.0)# power-adjustment threshold ?

<0-2> power adjust level
CASA (..ofdma-channel 12/3.0)# power-adjustment threshold 2
Video on Demand Table Mode 5

Video on demand (VOD) Table Mode 5 support has been implemented in Release 7.2.
With Table Mode 5, video channel space per QAM port is sixteen narrowcast
channels per port.
The UDP port mapping for this mode is 100qqqqq qqpppppp. The UDP port range of
Table Mode 5 is (10000000 00000001 - 10011111 11111111) (0x8001 - 0x9FFF).
The output program number is in the range 1 to 63. Video streams with a UDP port out
of this range will be treated as homeless streams, and no output will be generated on
the RF side.
Example
CASA(config)# video table ?
mode0 qqqqqqqq qqpppppp
mode1 1qqqqqqq qqqppppp
mode2 1qqqqqqq qqqpppp0
mode3 qqqqqqqq pppppppp
mode4 qqqqqqqq pppppppp,where q starts from 1
mode5 100qqqqq qqpppppp
CASA(config)# video table mode5
• If the video channel-id-offset parameter is not configured, the channel x/y/z to be

used for Table Mode 5 ranges from x/y/0 to x/y/15.
• If the video channel-id-offset parameter is configured, the channel ranges from x/
y/offset to x/y/offset+15.

DHCP-Insert option 82 state

The show l2vpn qam command output now includes the dhcp-insert option 82 state
as enabled (1) or disabled (0).
Video channel ID offset range

The video channel-id-offset range has been increased from 32 to 64 for the QAM
8x96 and QAM 8x192 modules.
Example
CASA(config)# video channel-id-offset ?
<num> Valid range is from 1, or Nmax-64 if Nmax
is greater than 64 to Nmax-1,
where: Nmax is the largest "module
narrowcast-channels" setting
On the QAM 8x96 (Nmax=48) and QAM 8x192 (Nmax=80):
CASA(config)# video channel-id-offset 32
In the example, the channel-id-offset is set to 32, where channels 0–31 are reserved
for DOCSIS and the remaining 16 channels (32–47) are video channels for QAM
8x96, or channels 32–79 for QAM 8x192. The remaining video channels are then
numbered 0–15 for QAM 8x96 or 0–47 for QAM 8x192.
On the QAM 8x192 (Nmax=80 narrowcast channels):
CASA(config)# video channel-id-offset 64
In the example, the channel-id-offset is set to 64, where channels 0–63 are reserved
for DOCSIS and the remaining 16 channels (64–79) are video channels for the QAM
8x192. The remaining video channels are then numbered 0–15.
show interface docsis-mac command enhancement

The show interface docsis-mac <number> topology command now reports the
operational state (either UP or DOWN) of the DOCSIS-MAC interface on the first
line of the displayed output.

Example
CASA# show interface docsis-mac 1 topology
interface docsis-mac 1,AdminStatus: UP
IPDR adhoc sessions

Three new IPDR adhoc sessions have been added in Release 7.2.1
• session 19 -- CM-REG-STATUS-TYPE-ADHOC
• session 20 -- CMTS-CM-US-STATS-TYPE-ADHOC
• session 21 -- DOCSIS-DIAG-LOG-TYPE-ADHOC
If these adhoc session are not needed, disable these sessions with the following
commands in the Casa config mode.
• no ipdr enable topo-adhoc

• no ipdr enable cm-status-adhoc
• no ipdr enable us-status-adhocs
show cable ods-report ofdm command

The show cable ods-report ofdm <slot/port/channel> command has been added to
the Casa CLI to display the OPT-RSP message containing Rx MER statistics for 7600
different subcarriers for an OFDM channel with single-carrier spacing of 25 KHz.
Example
CASA# show cable ods-report ofdm 11/0/0
6814.01f0.3e47 on ofdm 11/0/0 opt_rsp total_len=7525 - 6 TLV head =
7519 subcarrier
RxMER per Subcarrier:
be bc c1 c2 c0 c0 c3 bd c3 bf ba c2 c2 be
be bd c1 bf bf c3 c0 ba c6 c0 bf bd c1 c3 be be
be bd c1 c3 bf c2 c0 c0 bf c2 bd c1 c3 c3 c1 be
bc c1 c1 ba c2 c0 bf bf c0 c0 be c1 c1 bc bf c1
c2 be

proxy-arp unknown subnet option

The subnet option has been added to the proxy-arp unknown parameter in the IP
bundle address configuration to allow the CMTS to respond to ARP requests from
CPE devices which are outside of the IP bundle address scope. The enhancement
addresses situations where CPE devices were not able to register due to the CMTS not
responding to ARP requests from unknown IP address subnets. The default setting is
disabled.
Use the [no] cable proxy-arp unknown subnet command to set the unknown
subnet option globally in the configuration. The IP bundle proxy-arp unknown
subnet setting takes precedent over the global setting. The global setting only takes
effect only when the IP bundle proxy-arp unknown subnet setting is not configured
on an IP bundle subnet.
Example
CASA(ip-bundle 15)# ip address 6.6.7.7 255.0.0.0 classname proxy-arp
unknown subnet
Example
CASA(config)# cable proxy-arp unknown subnet
OFDM channel profile ID

The hash tag # character is now used with the show cable modem output to indicate
the OFDM channel profile ID (PFID) which is unusable due to a DS OFDM
PROFILE FAIL status message and replaced with another OFDM profile. The hash
tag indicates the affected profile ID.

Example: Hash tag in OFDM downstream channel set at 11/0/0w, PFID 2.

CASA# show cable modem fe89.2cbc.b0e2 verbose
MAC Address :fe89.2cbc.b0e2
IP Address :10.66.1.26
MAC Status :online
CM-ID :5
Prim Sid :320
MAC Domain :1
Service-Group :1
Upstream Channel Set :0/0.1/0, 0/0.2/0, 0/
0.3/0,0/0.0/0, 0/1.0w
Downstream Channel Set :11/0/0w(0,3,1,2#),
11/0/1,11/0/2,
11/0/3, 11/0/4,
11/0/5, 11/0/6,
11/0/7, 11/0/0
Unusable channel list :0/0.0w
Monitoring ECMG statistics in SNMP

The following objects have been added to the CASA-VIDEO-TS-MON-MIB file to
support SNMP monitoring of the following ECMG statistics:
• Current Crypto Period (CP)

• CP remaining time
• ECM channel ID range
• ECMG VRF
• EIS VRF
1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.57.7
• casaVideoSimuEcmgCurrentCryptoPeriodNum
• casaVideoSimuEcmgCryptoPeriodRemainingTime
• casaVideoSimuEcmgEcmChannelIdStart
• casaVideoSimuEcmgEcmChannelIdEnd
• casaVideoSimuEcmgEcmVrfName
• casaVideoSimuEcmgEisVrfName
1.3.6.1.4.1.20858.10.57.7.5

• casaVideoSimuConnectionDomainName
• casaVideoSimuConnectionAccessCriteria
• casaVideoSimuConnectionEcmChannelId
• casaVideoSimuConnectionStreamEcmId
• casaVideoSimuConnectionStreamStatus
initial-tech ofdma command

The initial-tech ofdma command has been implemented in the interface docsis-mac
configuration to specify the initial ranging technique to be applied when a D3.1
modem is performing upstream ranging over an OFDMA channel.
• broadcast-ranging — TLV 46.7 value 1; default

• probing — TLV 46.7 value 5
• station-ranging — TLV 46.7 value 7
• unicast-ranging — TLV 46.7 value 6:
Example
CASA(config-if-mac 1)# initial-tech ofdma unicast-ranging
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (ND) packets

Handling of IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (ND) packets have been revised to mitigate
denial-of-service vulnerabilities to IPv6 routing. IPv6 ND packets with TTL 255 (direct neighbor)
are now handled with higher priority over the lower priority non-TTL 255 ND packets.
show iftable ofdma command

The show iftable ofdma command has been implemented in the Casa CLI to display
OFDMA upstream interface details and current status, with up to one OFDMA
upstream channel per port.

Example
CASA# show iftable ofdma
------------------------------------------------
ifIndex: 16000160
ifDescr: OFDMA Upstream 1/0.0
ifType: ifType_ofdma
ifPhysAddress: 00:00:00:00:00:00
ifAdminStatus: Up (2)
ifOperStatus: Up(1)
------------------------------------------------
ifIndex: 16000161
ifDescr: OFDMA Upstream 1/1.0
ifType: ifType_ofdma
ifPhysAddress: 00:00:00:00:00:00
ifAdminStatus: Up (2)
ifOperStatus: Up (1)
Video Web interface command history

The show command history web-gui command has been implemented in the Casa
CLI to capture management activity processed through the Casa Video Web interface
in the current session. On a line-by-line basis, the output includes the date and time of
command execution, the user login of the person who executed the command, and the
GUI command presented in the equivalent CLI syntax.
Show commands are excluded and do not appear as part of the command history.
Example
CASA# show command history web-gui
2016-07-05 16:33:16 <root> shutdown
2016-07-05 16:33:16 <root> no ip pim sparse-mode
2016-07-05 16:33:16 <root> ip address 192.168.5.10
2016-07-05 16:33:16 <root> gige 6/0 mode active
2016-07-05 16:33:16 <root> no vrf forwarding
2016-07-05 16:33:16 <root> no description
2016-07-05 16:33:16 <root> interface trunk 2
2016-07-05 16:33:16 <root> config
2016-07-05 16:32:10 <root> video pat-interval 100
2016-07-05 16:32:10 <root> config
CASA#
VOD table mode creation

The video table custom command has been introduced in the CLI to allow users to
add new video on demand (VOD) table modes beyond those provided by the Casa

configuration (mode0 through mode6). The table is created using the parameters
specified in the command.
• prog-per-channel — Number of programs per QAM channel; 32, 64, or 256

(depending on the QAM module); the default is 64.
• chan-per-port — Number of QAM channels per RF port in the range 1 to 32; the
default is 32.
• start-upd-offset — Starting UPD offset; first valid UDP port for the channel
mapping. This is an optional setting with allowed values 1, 33,65, or 257; the
default is 1.
• skip-chan — Number of QAM channels to skip in addressing between two
consecutive ports; This is an optional setting in the range 0 to 12; the default is 0.
Example
CASA(config)# video table custom prog-per-chan 64 chan-per-port 24
start-udp-offset 65 skip-chan 12
Video session statistics in Video Web interface

The Monitoring->Video->Session functionality in the Casa Video Web interface has
been revised to support the show video session all brief command output. Highlight
the session row and select the Detail button at the upper right area of the screen to
display session-specific statistics (show video session <session-id>).
OFDM and OFDMA description parameter

The description parameter has been implemented under the interface qam
ofdm-channel and interface ofdma configurations to support insertion of OFDM and
OFDMA channel descriptions in DHCP packets.
Up to 64 characters may be specified. Surround the description text with quotation

marks (“ “) if the description string contains blank spaces, as shown in the examples
below.
Example: OFDM downstream channel description

C100G(config)# interface qam 2/0
C100G(config-if-qam 2/0)# ofdm-channel 0 description "OFDM channel on
2/0"

Example: OFDMA upstream channel description

C100G(config)# interface ofdma 12/0.0
C100G(conf-ofdma-channel 12/0.0)# description “OFDMA channel on 12/
0.0”
Example: Inserting descriptions into DHCP

CASA(conf-if-mac 4)# dhcp-insert upstream-description
CASA(conf-if-mac 4)# dhcp-insert downstream-description
MAP lead time adjustment

The cable map-advance-adjust command has been implemented to adjust the MAP
lead time globally across all upstream cards to support DOCSIS 3.0 cable modems
which require longer MAP lead times due to cable plant characteristics. The
adjustment can be configured in the range -1000 through 5000 microseconds. The
default setting is 0.
To override the global setting on a specific upstream interface, use the existing
map-advance parameter in the interface upstream <slot/port> configuration
context.
Example
CASA(config)# cable map-advance-adjust ?
<-1000-5000> map tx margin in microseconds, default
is 0
CASA(config)# cable map-advance-adjust 500
ofdma-initial-tech parameter in DBC configuration

The ofdma-initial-tech parameter has been added to the DBC configuration to
support the initial ranging techniques to use for D3.1 modems operating over an
OFDMA channel. The default initial ranging technique is broadcast-ranging.
Example
CASA(config)# cable modem 1234.1234.1343 dbc upstream-list 1,2,3
initial-tech direct ofdma-initial-tech ?
broadcast-ranging use broadcast initial-ranging
opportunity
probing use probing opportunity
station-ranging use station initial-ranging opportunity
unicast-ranging use unicast initial-ranging opportunity

CASA(config)# cable modem 1234.1234.1343 dbc upstream-list 1,2,3

initial-tech direct ofdma-initial-tech broadcast-ranging
show interface trunk stat command enhancement

The show interface trunk stat command now reports the trunk interface speed
(IfSpeed) in the command output.
Example: Display xGigE interface speed

CASA# show interface trunk stat
Interface Trunk 2 statistics
IfIndex 9000002
interface status UP
link status DOWN
mac address 0017.1003.ba5e
link up member xgige 6/0
IfInOctets 1528431
IfInUcastPkts 0
IfInNUcastPkts 2979
IfInDiscards 2979
IfInErrors 0
IfInOversizePkts 0
IfInUnknownProtos 0
IfOutOctets 768512
IfOutUcastPkts 0
IfOutNUcastPkts 6004
IfOutErrors 0
IfOutDiscards 0
IpForwDatagrams 0
IpInReceives 0
IpInDiscards 0
IfSpeed 10000000000
Last clearing of interface stat: never
show cable voice summary command update

The show cable voice summary command now supports OFDMA channels in the
command output. OFDMA channels include the “w” character appended to the <slot/
port.channel>identifier.

Example: 0/0.1w
show ofdm channel command revision

The show ofdm channel <slot/port/channel> command has been revised to include
the port-exclusion-band setting in the listed interface qam configuration.
Previously, the show ofdm channel <slot/port/channel> detail command with the
extended output had to be used to retrieve the port-exclusion-band setting.
Example
CASA# show ofdm channel 2/0/0
interface qam 2/0
ofdm-channel 0 lower-freq 499000000 upper-freq 689000000
plc-freq 592000000
ofdm-channel 0 cyclic-prefix 192
ofdm-channel 0 rolloff-period 64
ofdm-channel 0 interleave 1
ofdm-channel 0 sc-spacing 50
ofdm-channel 0 pilot-scale-factor 48
ofdm-channel 0 ncp-modulation qpsk
no ofdm-channel 0 up-down-trap-enable
ofdm port-exclusion-band 1
ofdm-channel 0 profile 0 1
no ofdm-channel 0 shutdown
CASA#
voice call reserved bandwidth in OFDMA interface

Existing reserved bandwidth for voice calls functionality has been applied in the
OFDMA interface configuration.
Example
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 12/0.0)# voice-bw-reserve ?
<0-100> percentage for total call,default is 75 percent
max-calls limit voice band-width by ugs number
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 12/0.0)# voice-bw-reserve max-calls 50
emergency 15
Subscriber management default filter group ID

The DOCSIS subscriber management default filter group ID can now be set to a
maximum of 1024. If not set, the default filter group ID configuration for all upstream
and downstream filters is 0.

Example
CASA(config)# docsis submgt default cm-filter-downstream ?
<0-1024> Docsis default: 0
CASA(config)# docsis submgt default cm-filter-downstream 1024
CASA(config)# show docsis submgt default

docsis submgt default cm-filter-downstream 1024
docsis submgt default cm-filter-upstream 1024
docsis submgt default cpe-filter-downstream 1024
docsis submgt default cpe-filter-upstream 1024
docsis submgt default ps-filter-downstream 1024
docsis submgt default ps-filter-upstream 1024
docsis submgt default mta-filter-downstream 1024
docsis submgt default mta-filter-upstream 1024
docsis submgt default stb-filter-downstream 1024
docsis submgt default stb-filter-upstream 1024
IPv6 prefix delegation in subscriber management

The docsis submgt default max-ipv6-iapd command has been added to the
subscriber management default configuration to set the default maximum number of
IPv6 prefixes. The configuration range is 0 to 1023. The default setting is 3.
IA_PD stands for Identity Association for Prefix Delegation and is a collection of
prefixes, each with its own ID, assigned to a requesting router.
Example
C100G(config)# docsis submgt default max-ipv6-iapd ?
<0-1023> Docsis default: 3
C100G(config)# docsis submgt default max-ipv6-iapd 1023
C100G(config)# show docsis submgt default
docsis submgt default active on
docsis submgt default max-ip 16
docsis submgt default max-ipv6-prefix 16
docsis submgt default max-ipv6-iapd 3
docsis submgt default learnable on
docsis submgt default cm-filter-downstream 0
docsis submgt default cm-filter-upstream 0
docsis submgt default cpe-filter-downstream 0
docsis submgt default cpe-filter-upstream 0
docsis submgt default ps-filter-downstream 0
docsis submgt default ps-filter-upstream 0
docsis submgt default mta-filter-downstream 0
docsis submgt default mta-filter-upstream 0
docsis submgt default stb-filter-downstream 0
docsis submgt default stb-filter-upstream 0

OFDMA channel utilization in SNMP

OFDMA channel utilization statistics are now supported in SNMP queries to the
following SNMP MIB tables:
• casaCmtsChannelUtilizationTable
• docsIfCmtsChannelUtilizationTable
• docsIfCmtsUpChannelCounterTable
Example
CASA(config)# show docsis upstream channel utilization
Upstream Total-BW Utilization Online Secondary Channel
Slot/Port.Channel (Mb/Sec) Percentage Modems Modems Description
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
11/0.0 (20000000 Hz) 10.2 0 0 0
11/0.1 (28000000 Hz) 10.2 2 0 0
11/0.2 (24000000 Hz) 10.2 5 1 0
11/0.3 (32000000 Hz) 10.2 0 0 0
11/1.0w ( 5M- 40M Hz) 182.8 12 0 0 ofdma
11/2.0w ( 42M- 85M Hz) 225.6 20 0 1 ofdma
CASA-C10G(config)#
SNMP query: docsIfCmtsUpChannelCounterTable

258: casaCmtsChannelUtilization.4002817 (integer) 2
...
Annex A symbol rate range on multi-port shared channels

The Annex A symbol rate has been updated to support the range 5000 to 6999
kilo-symbols per second on multi-port shared channels. The default setting is
6952 ks/s.
Example
CASA(config-if-qam 3/0)#shared-channel 0 annex A symbol rate ?
<5000-6999> Kilo-Symbol per second (default 6952)

show docsis downstream channel utilization

The show docsis downstream channel utilization output has been revised to
properly present the correct column headings when admission control (Reserved-BW
Utilization) and shared channels are enabled.
Example: Admission control enabled

CASA(config)# show docsis downstream channel utilization
Downstream Total-BW Utilization Online Secondary Channel
Slot/Shared Channel (Mb/Sec) Percentage Modems Modems Description
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2/0/0 (549000000 Hz) 42.9 3 0 1 0
2/0/1 (555000000 Hz) 42.9 0 0 0 2
2/0/2 (561000000 Hz) 42.9 0 0 0 2
2/0/3 (567000000 Hz) 42.9 0 0 0 2
Example: Shared channels enabled

Downstream Total-BW Utilization Online Secondary Channel
Slot/Shared Channel (Mb/Sec) Percentage Modems Modems Description
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/0 (453000000 Hz) 42.9 0 0 0 (shared)
1/1 (459000000 Hz) 42.9 0 0 0 (shared)
1/2 (465000000 Hz) 42.9 0 0 0 (shared)
1/3 (471000000 Hz) 42.9 0 0 0 (shared)
1/4 (477000000 Hz) 42.9 0 0 0 (shared)
OFDM and OFDMA channel description strings

The show service group <name> verbose command output now supports the
inclusion of the configured OFDM and OFDMA channel description strings.
Example
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 4/12.0)# show service group 2 verbose
service group 2
downstream channel bonding
upstream channel bonding
no upstream rfog-scheduler

qam 13/7/0 657000000 annex B 256qam dmac 2 DOWN aaaaaaa

qam 13/7/1 663000000 annex B 256qam dmac 2 DOWN
upstream 4/12.0 20000000 3200000 prof 2 dmac 2 UP
ofdm 13/7/0 372000000 dmac 2 UP description
ofdma 4/12.0 5000000 20000000 dmac 2 UP description
CASA(conf-ofdma-channel 4/12.0)#
SFP compatibility checks

Checks have been implemented to ensure insertion compatibility of SFP (1 GB) and
SFP+ (10GB) modules with their respective GigE and xGigE ports on the SMM. If an
SFP is inserted into an incompatible port, an error message will be logged and the link
will be reported in the “down” state. Removing the incompatible SFP and inserting the
correct SFP or SFP+ module will clear the error and alarm condition.
Sample ALARM level logs:

[Fri May 20 14:51:21 2016]-AL-SYS-1: smm6: Error: 10G SFP+ plugged in
1G gige port SMM6 G1
[Fri May 20 14:51:21 2016]-AL-SYS-1: smm6: Misplaced SFP/SFP+ on port
6/0 was removed, ALARM cleared
[Fri May 20 14:51:16 2016]-AL-SYS-1: smm6: Error: 10G SFP+ plugged in
1G gige port SMM6 G0
[Fri May 20 14:51:08 2016]-AL-SYS-1: smm6: Error: 1G SFP plugged in 10G
xgige port SMM6 XG7
IPDR support for OFDM and OFDMA

IPDR for DOCSIS 3.1 OFDM and OFDMA is now supported for interoperability with
IPDR collectors. The following IPDR service type templates to support OFDM and
OFDMA records have been added in Release 7.2.
• DOCSIS-CMTS-CM-DS-OFDM-PROFILE-STATUS-TYPE
• DOCSIS-CMTS-CM-DS-OFDM-STATUS-TYPE
• DOCSIS-CMTS-CM-US-OFDMA-PROFILE-STATUS-TYPE
• DOCSIS-CMTS-CM-US-OFDMA-STATUS-TYPE
• DOCSIS-DS-OFDM-PROFILE-STATS-TYPE

• DOCSIS-US-OFDMA-PROFILE-STATS-TYPE
Example
CASA(config)# show ipdr template
cm-ds-ofdm-prof-status cm-ds-ofdm-prof-status type
cm-ds-ofdm-status cm-ds-ofdm-status type
cm-us-ofdma-prof-status cm-us-ofdma-prof-status type
cm-us-ofdma-status cm-us-ofdma-status type
ds-ofdm-prof-stats ds-ofdm-prof-stats type
us-ofdma-prof-stats us-ofdma-prof-stats type
VRF route leaking

Route leaking (VRF to global, VRF to VRF, and global to VRF) has been enhanced so
that a host route is no longer required to be configured to the IP bundle as long as the
forwarding gateway is the IP bundle interface.
VRF route targets

Up to 32 import and export route targets are now supported inside a VRF route-map in
Release 7.2. The previously supported number was eight.
VOD Table Mode 6

Video on demand (VOD) Table Mode 6 support has been implemented in Release 7.2.
With Table Mode 6, video channel space per QAM port is eight narrowcast channels.
The UDP port mapping for this mode is 00qqqqqq pppppppp. The UDP port range of
Table Mode 6 is 0x0001 - 0x3FFF. The output program number is in the range 0 to
255. Video streams with a UDP port out of this range will be treated as homeless
streams, and no output will be generated on the RF side.
Example
CASA(config)# video table ?
mode0 qqqqqqqq qqpppppp
mode1 1qqqqqqq qqqppppp
mode2 1qqqqqqq qqqpppp0
mode3 qqqqqqqq pppppppp
mode4 qqqqqqqq pppppppp,where q starts from 1
mode5 100qqqqq qqpppppp
mode6 00qqqqqq pppppppp
CASA(config)# video table mode6

• If the video channel-id-offset parameter is not configured, the channel x/y/z to be

used for Table Mode 6 ranges from x/y/0 to x/y/7.
• If the video channel-id-offset parameter is configured, the channel ranges from x/
y/offset to x/y/offset+7.
IS-IS peer router process logging

Log messages at the CMTS will now report the state of an IS-IS peer router whenever
the IS-IS process at the peer is cleared, and with the peer re-initializing adjacency with
the CMTS.
Sample WARNING (WA) level logs:

[Sun Jun 5 23:52:59 2016]-WA-ROUTER-0: smm6: IS-IS:
LAN-NFSM[ISIS(ipv6), Adjacency to xgige6/3-0079.0000.0000 Down]:
Level 1 State Changed LAN Neighbor UP -> Init, event
OneWayReceived(neighbor forgot us)
[Sun Jun 5 23:53:00 2016]-WA-ROUTER-0: smm6: IS-IS: LAN-NFSM[xgige6/
3-0079.0000.0000]: Level 1 State Changed LAN Neighbor Init -> up,
event TwoWayReceived
P2P-NFSM[ISIS(casa), Adjacency to vlan183-0114.0000.0000 Down]:
Level 1 State Changed P2P Neighbor UP -> Init, event
New diagnostic mode commands

The following CLI show commands have been added to the Casa diag mode to
display internal buffer, traffic throughput, and queue usage statistics:
• show bcm flow-classes

• show bcm congestion-info
• show bcm events

Use these commands with the assistance of Casa Technical Support when diagnosing
throughput issues.
Example
CASA(diag)# show bcm congestion-info
Total Shared Buffer cells: 38427, Total Shared Buffer cells in use: 0
(0%)
Buffer cells in use: 0 (0%)
Currently Alarmed: No, Alarm Count 0
Cell usage for port 0: input - 0, output - 0, output uc 0, ing mmu
drops 0
PG Shared Usage: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PG Headroom Usage: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Multicast Queue Usage: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Channel power-attenuation command change

The channel <number> power-attenuation command setting in the interface qam
<slot>/<port> configuration has been revised to operate over a specified range of
channels per port. Previously, the command operated on a single channel only. The
revised command operates with the QAM 8x96 and QAM 8x192 modules on both
standard and shared channels.
The number of channels over which the specified power-attenuation value is applied
is in the range 1 to 80, depending on the QAM module in use.
Example: Power attenuation (20dB) over 10 channels starting with channel 0

CASA(config-if-qam 2/0)#channel 0 power-attenuation 20 10
CASA(config-if-qam 2/0)#shared-channel 0 power-attenuation 20 10
Video upstream UPD statistics in SNMP

Support for the SNMP mpegInputUdpOriginationTable object in the
SCTE-HMS-MPEG-MIB has been implemented for retrieval and presentation of
video input stream UDP statistics in SNMP queries.

Example
1: mpegInputUdpOriginationIfIndex.266256.1 (integer) 1000079 [1000079]
2: mpegInputUdpOriginationInetAddrType.266256.1 (integer) ipv4(1)
3: mpegInputUdpOriginationSrcInetAddr.266256.1 (octet string)
C0.1D.02.1D (hex)
4: mpegInputUdpOriginationDestInetAddr.266256.1 (octet string)
A9.01.01.01(hex)
5: mpegInputUdpOriginationDestPort.266256.1 (gauge) 67
6: mpegInputUdpOriginationActive.266256.1 (integer) true(1)
7: mpegInputUdpOriginationPacketsDetected.266256.1 (integer) true(1)
8: mpegInputUdpOriginationRank.266256.1 (gauge) 1
9: mpegInputUdpOriginationInputTSIndex.266256.1 (gauge) 266256
***** SNMP QUERY FINISHED **
BGP route redistribution in VRF

Support for BGP route redistribution to and between VRF instances (based on the
route target) has been implemented. Leaked routes into VRFs will only be sent to the
customer edge router (CE). Previously, static routes had to be configured for each
VRF. Leaked routes in which the nexthop router is the ip-bundle interface will enable
static host routes to be added to the VRF instances
OFDM lower frequency limit

The configurable lower frequency limit for an OFDM channel has been revised to
108000000 Hz. The previous lower frequency range in the CLI was 115400000 to
119600000 Hz.
Example
CASA(config-if-qam 0/0)# ofdm-channel 0 lower-freq ?
<108000000-1196000000> frequency in Hz
QAM modes on the QAM 8x192

The maximum number of QAM modes on QAM 8x192 has been increased from two
to three on a per-port basis to include up to two unicast modes and one broadcast
mode.
The show module <slot> qam-mode [summary] command has been introduced in
the Casa CLI to display detailed QAM mode statistics for all ports. . There can be up
to three QAM modes for a QAM 8x192 module, two for unicast and one for broadcast

(the one with the positive ref_cnt). The second broadcast mode (bc_mode 2) is used
only in per channel interleave mode where all the module channels have the same
annex, modulation, and symbol rates, and vary only between two interleave values.
Specify the summary option to display the same output in table format.
Example
CASA# show module 1 qam-mode
Module 1:
ref_cnt 24
ref_cnt 24
ref_cnt 8
ref_cnt 0
Port 0:
admin status: UP
total channel up: 28
number uchan up: 24
number bchan up: 4
uchan in mode 1: 12
uchan in mode 2: 12
bchan in mode 1: 4
bchan in mode 2: 0
default mode: annex A modulation 256qam interleave 12
symbol_rate 6952
other mode: annex B modulation 256qam interleave 128x1
symbol rate 0
…
CASA# show module 1 qam-mode summary
Module 1:
ref_cnt 24
ref_cnt 24
ref_cnt 8
ref_cnt 0
PORT ADMIN T_UP UC_UP BC_UP UC_M1 UC_M2 BC_M1 BC_M2 DEF_ANN DEF_MOD
DEF_ITL DEF_SYM OTH_ANN OTH_MOD OTH_ITL OTH_SYM
0 UP 28 24 4 12 12 4 0 Annex_A 64qam
12 6952 Annex_B 256qam 128x1 0
1 DOWN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Annex_B 256qam
128x1 0 Annex_B 256qam 128x1 0

2 DOWN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Annex_B 256qam

128x1 0 Annex_B 256qam 128x1 0
3 DOWN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Annex_B 256qam
128x1 0 Annex_B 256qam 128x1 0
4 DOWN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Annex_B 256qam
128x1 0 Annex_B 256qam 128x1 0
5 UP 28 24 4 12 12 4 0 Annex_A 256qam
12 6952 Annex_B 256qam 128x1 0
6 DOWN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Annex_B 256qam
128x1 0 Annex_B 256qam 128x1 0
7 DOWN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Annex_B 256qam
128x1 0 Annex_B 256qam 128x1 0
BP-A - - - - - - - - Annex_A 256qam
1 6900 Annex_B 256qam 128x1 0
BP-B - - - - - - - - Annex_A 256qam
12 6900 Annex_B 256qam 128x1 0
Upstream pre-equalization extended taps

Support for selecting the number of upstream pre-equalization taps has been
implemented in the interface upstream {<slot/port.channel>} configuration using
the pre-equalization extended-taps parameter setting. If not enabled, the default
number of taps remains at 16. To revert to the default setting of 16 taps, apply the no
version of the command.
Enabling extended-taps will enable all 24 taps of the equalizer. This could provide
the user with additional immunity to large echo and/or group delay impairments.
Example
CASA(config-if-ups 13/0.0)# pre-equalization ?
extended-taps support extended taps(tap equalizer),
default is off
CASA(config-if-ups 13/0.0)# pre-equalization extended-taps
To revert to the default setting of 16 taps:
CASA(config-if-ups 13/0.0)# no pre-equalization extended-taps
Increased number OFDM channels per QAM8x192 port

The following CLI commands have been added to allow users to configure the
number of OFDM channels per QAM 8x192 downstream port.
• module <slot_num> ofdm-channels <num=1:2>

• show ofdm-channels [<slot_num>]
Example
CASA(config)# module 1 reboot
CASA(config)# show ofdm-channels ?

| Output modifiers
<cr>
<number> module id
CASA(config)# show ofdm-channels 1

module 1 ofdm-channels 2
For more information, see the section “Support for two OFDM downstream channels
in R7.2.3.0.”
show cable admission-control command for OFDM and OFDMA

The show cable admission-control interface {ofdm <slot/port/channel> | ofdma
<slot/port.channel> command has been introduced to in the Casa CLI to display
OFDM or OFDMA bandwidth allocation over each application class.
Example
CASA# show cable admission-control interface ofdma 11/15
App-Class Exclusive Non-Exclusive Curr-Resv Curr-Ovrsb
8.1 0 50 0 0
8.2 50 0 0 0
8 50 50 0 0
9.1 0 20 0 0
9 10 10 0 0
CASA# show cable admission-control interface ofdm 0/4/0

App-Class Exclusive Non-Exclusive Curr-Resv Curr-Ovrsb
1 20 10 0 0
2 10 20 0 0
3 40 10 0 0
system bootfile update

The system bootfile update command has been introduced in the Casa CLI to reduce
the time it takes to complete system boot-up. The new command prepares the line card
boot image by extracting the necessary files to the CMTS tftpboot directory prior to

performing the actual system reboot. This means that the system reboot process will
be freed from the file extraction process, reducing the boot-up time.
Example
CASA# system bootfile update
The maximum length of an IPv4 or IPv6 prefix name has been increased from 32 to
256 characters in all configuration instances where a named prefix list is applied.
To speed up system boot time, priority processing has been revised to allow line cards
to come up faster. Line cards now acquire SMM status information at the SMM
CONFIG state instead of waiting for the SMM RUNNING state.
Delayed SNMP and TFTP processing to speed modem registration

The system service-delay {snmp <minutes> | tftp-proxy <minutes>} command
allows users to specify the number of minutes to delay SNMP and TFTP processing to
shorten system boot-up time and to enable faster modem registration with the CMTS.
The command instructs the CMTS to temporarily block SNMP packets and to delay
the TFTP proxy for the configured number of minutes before the SMM recovers one
or both services.
The default setting is 0 (disabled). Specify a number in the range 0 to a maximum of

60 minutes.
Example
CASA(config)# system service-delay ?
snmp delay before processing SNMP
tftp-proxy delay before processing TFTP proxy
CASA(config)# system service-delay snmp ?
<num> time in minutes, max delay 60 (default 0)
CASA(config)# system service-delay snmp 40

CASA(config)# system service-delay tftp-proxy 40
Cable modem partial-service recovery

The [no] cable partial-service tx-power-deficit command has been introduced in the
Casa CLI to enable DBC reduction of the upstream channel set in situations when
modem maximum transmit power lowers due to attenuation changes in the cable
plant. This setting is enabled by default so that modems with adequate transmit power

to support upstream channel bonding are recoverable from a marked partial-service

state. Prior to the fix, modems affected by attenuation changes would DBC to channel
1 and would not be placed in partial-service for eventual recovery.
Apply the no form of the command to disable this setting.
Example
CASAconfig)# cable partial-service tx-power-deficit
CASAconfig)# show running-config | inc deficit
cable partial-service tx-power-deficit
CASA(config)#
show cable modem offline counters

The show cable modem offline counters command output has been enhanced to
include the rngfail_R2 and rngfail_RC field columns to distinguish between R2 and
RC cable modem ranging failures.
Example
CMTS(config)# show cable modem offline counters
Docsis-Mac rngfail_R2 rngfail_RC Dhcpfail Tftpfail...
1 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0
Total: 0 0 0 0
Route map name length

The maximum length of an route-map name has been increased from 32 to 256
characters in all configuration instances where a named route-map is applied. The
route-map description parameter has also been increased from 64 characters to 256
characters.
Improved cable modem registration time

Improved cable modem registration time has been implemented in Release 7.2.3. A
software change to move BPI operation to a separate thread has been applied to
optimize CPU usage when a large number of cable modems are registering with the
CMTS.

Upstream minimum and maximum edge frequencies

The upstream interface minimum and maximum edge frequency ranges have been
revised to 15 MHz and 55 MHz respectively for the UPS 16x8 with the
I/O 32x4 module. The previously supported frequencies did not extend below 16 MHz
or above 52 MHz.
Example
This board does not support higher than 55 MHz frequency.

This board does not support lower than 15 MHz frequency.
show dmesg peer command

The show dmesg peer command has been introduced in the CLI to display diagnostic
messages associated with the SMM presently in standby status. The command
operates in any CLI mode (enable, config, diag).
The show dmesg command presents messages from the boot process in a controlled
manner after the system has started without having to observe the console output.
Even after the system has fully booted, the kernel may occasionally produce further
diagnostic messages which are also captured in this log. Look for any key words such
as Oops, Panic, Warning, or Failure.
OFDMA subcarrier-group-minislot end frequency

The OFDMA configurable subcarrier-group-minislot end frequency has been
revised to reflect 400kHz minislots to support eight 50kHz subcarriers for 2k FFT and
sixteen 25kHz subcarriers for 4k FFT. The valid range has been changed to 5400000
to 101000000 Hz; the previous range was 11400000 to 101000000 Hz was determined
to be in error.
Example
CASA(conf-minislot-cfg 30)# subcarrier-group-minislot 1 ?
<5000000-100600000> start frequency
CASA(conf-minislot-cfg 30)# subcarrier-group-minislot 1 5000000 ?

<5400000-101000000> end frequency

mirror cm traffic command enhancement

The [no] mirror cm traffic <ip_address> in the Casa diag mode has been enhanced
with the loopback option to specify the loopback interface number as the source IP
address for traffic mirrored to a destination IP. Specify the existing loopback interface
number in the range 0 to 255. Apply the no version of the command to remove the
current setting.
Example
CASA(diag)# mirror cm traffic 192.168.8.8 ?
<cr>
<mac_addr> xxxx.xxxx.xxxx. mac addr of cm
loopback loopback interface name for source address
CASA(diag)# mirror cm traffic 192.168.8.8 loopback 0
SNMP trap logging video alarm command

The [no] snmp trap logging video alarm {bitrate-threshold <number>| missing
pat-pmt-pid} command has been implemented in the Casa CLI.
The bitrate-threshold parameter sets the bitrate per second (bps) low threshold in
which an SNMP trap will be generated if the detected rate is below the configured
value. The missing pat-pmt-pid parameter forces an SNMP trap message if any of
the required video elements (PAT, PMT, or PID) is missing from the video session
stream. Apply the no form of the command to cancel the current setting.
Example
CASA(config)# snmp trap logging video alarm bitrate-threshold ?
<0-4294967295> bitrate(bps)
CASA(config)# snmp trap logging video alarm bitrate-threshold 1000
CASA(config)# snmp trap logging video alarm missing pat-pmt-pid
SNMP process optimization

The SNMP process has been optimized for faster retrieval of large SNMP query
responses to snmpbulkget and other SNMP polling methods. Overall improved
SNMP performance can be expected with this enhancement.

CSM log messages

Log messages associated with Casa Spectrum Management (CSM) modulation
hopping have been revised with a severity level of INFORMATIONAL.(6).
Previously, the modulation hopping messages were logged at the DEBUGGING (7)
severity level.
The [no] cable spectrum syslog command has been introduced in the Casa CLI to
enable and disable logging of CSM messages. When enabled, syslog messages will be
sent to the configured syslog hosts.
Example
CASA(config)# cable spectrum syslog
PacketCable gate-set packet processing improvements

Improved resource management of PacketCable gate-set packets has been
implemented to reduce the possibility of bandwidth allocation errors when multiple
duplicate multicast-based sessions are requested in quick succession from a single
cable subscriber (ex. fast up and down channel surfing).
A new multicast join session which is already in effect will now be acknowledged
using the current gate-set ID when the duplicate session is requested. The change
enables the CMTS to reduce the number of bandwidth-consuming transactions by
immediately freeing the duplicate session gate-set request in this situation.
casa-spectrum-mib file change

The 200K option has been reinstated to the SNMP
casaSpectrumMeasurementChannelWidth MIB object in the casa-spectrum-mib
file. The revised range is 200 kHz to 6400 kHz.
The 200000 option has been added back to the show spectrum upstream <slot/
port.channel> chan-width <width> command. The revised range is 200 kHz to 6400
kHz.
DSG tunnel-group capacities

The maximum number of channels per DSG tunnel-group has been increased to 2560
with a maximum of 5120 DSG channels across all tunnel groups system wide.

Previously, the software supported up to 1280 DSG channels per tunnel-group and
2560 DSG channels across all tunnel groups.
Example
CASA(conf-dsg-tunnel-grp 21)# channel 1 qam 1/0/0
maximum channel limit in all dsg tunnel-groups has been reached: 5120
!!

100 Old River Road
Suite 100
Andover, MA 01810
USA
978-688-6706
CMTS
© 2017 Casa Systems, Inc.

All rights reserved.
DOC-3049-01
Document Revision 01.00.04

February 3, 2017
Printed in United States of America

Release 7.2 Features Guide: For Releases 7.2 Through 7.2.4

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CMTS

Release 7.2 Features Guide

For Releases 7.2 through 7.2.4

Casa CMTS Release 7.2 Features Guide

Contacting Casa ............................................................................................... 1-9

Corporate facility ......................................................................................... 1-9

Technical support ........................................................................................ 1-9 .

Technical documentation .................................................................................. 1-9 .

Revision history ......................................................................................... 1-10.

New features in Release 7.2.4 .........................................................................1-11 .

QAM modes increase for QAM 8x192 module ..........................................1-11 .

OFDM QAM port upper power limits ......................................................... 1-13 .

OFDM channel power statistics ................................................................ 1-13 .

OFDMA data profiles and modem DBC .................................................... 1-14 .

OFDM data profile enhancement .............................................................. 1-15 .

OFDM profile modulation RxMER threshold percentage .......................... 1-15 .

OFDMA forward error correction statistics ................................................ 1-15 .

OFDMA channels in CASA-CABLE-CMCPE-MIB file ............................... 1-15 .

RFoG scheduler support for OFDMA channels ........................................ 1-16 .

OFDMA data IUCs in show cable modem ................................................ 1-16 .

ping docsis command enhancements ....................................................... 1-16 .

Show run verbose command shows defaults ........................................... 1-17 .

Pmax value in show cable modem ........................................................... 1-17 .

Video interfaces on Ethernet ports ............................................................ 1-17 .

Video EDIS configuration output-port-base parameter ............................. 1-18 .

Casa Systems CMTS

Two-stage video session creation with encryption .................................... 1-18 .

Video EDIS reset indication ...................................................................... 1-19 .

SimulCrypt Scrambling Control Groups .................................................... 1-19 .

SimulCrypt ECMG server last time up statistic corrected ......................... 1-19 .

debug cable igmp command ..................................................................... 1-20 .

debug cable pre-equalization command ................................................... 1-20 .

debug ddm mcast syslog command ......................................................... 1-20 .

debug config qam flag command enhancement ....................................... 1-21 .

DOCSIS-IF31-MIB update ........................................................................ 1-22 .

CASA-QAM-MIB update ........................................................................... 1-23 .

CASA-IP-TRUNK-MIB change .................................................................. 1-23 .

Maximum channels per DSG tunnel-group ............................................... 1-23 .

Console logins over active SMM ............................................................... 1-24 .

show multicast client commands .............................................................. 1-24 .

show system detail command enhancement ............................................ 1-24 .

show spectrum upstream command update ............................................. 1-25 .

Casa Video Web UI changes and enhancements .................................... 1-25 .

Chart and table view toggles ................................................................. 1-25 .

Multiple table row selection ................................................................... 1-25 .

Green-lighted NMS requests ................................................................. 1-26 .

IPv6 address validation ......................................................................... 1-26 .

General enhancements ......................................................................... 1-26 .

EDIS SRM output port base .................................................................. 1-26 .

ACL and route map maximums ................................................................. 1-27 .

show interface qam block command enhancement .................................. 1-27 .

show mirror command .............................................................................. 1-27 .

NMS event notification .............................................................................. 1-27

BGP multiple recursion support ................................................................ 1-29 .

BGP IPv6 labeled-unicast neighbor functions ........................................... 1-29 .

BGP and VRF MVPN address-family changes ......................................... 1-29 .

show ipv6 bgp labeled-unicast neighbors command ................................ 1-30 .

Casa Systems CMTS Release Ver. 7.2

Metrics handling in IGP to BGP route redistributions ................................1-31 .