Ernest Fahim

Newcastle Education System(www.ncledu.org)

www.uniselinus.education

Pakistan

Cell # 03244990704

Introduction

This research based on the Education Planning & Management in which various methodology and procedures are
adopted to modernize the education system in Pakistan and Third World. Education as well as how to students take
up and respond creatively to opportunities .That how we can create space for modern education in Pakistan is the
basically required for this process.

(1) Form a strategy.

(2) Share the lessons to all over the World in order to expand the methodology.

This research starts from the point of

 How we can make Pakistan Education System update with the modern techniques.
 Why the Our Education System is not growing while all over the world Pakistani Students are securing
high grades.
 What are the solutions to get all solutions?

This is only possible when we are serious to find the answers of all the above questions .As Education is not only a
process to achieve degrees, It is the process where we have to build character and insert ethical values to the
students.

First thing is to Learning should be around the goals and skills, if we need to do something that matters. There are
several solutions necessary to build leaning for long. These are not new but only such solutions have to be
implemented by the Institutions with good planning and new techiniques,which most of the modern countries have
adopted.

Education is the foundation which every country prepares its nation for the success. We can grab full potential for
our students through good education system to make them principled citizen .But answer is how to develop good
leaders for tomorrow from youngsters who can cater to the needs of current century to make our society respectable.

We have to indulge skills and responsibility to our young generations to develop a new perspective.
Educational Economics & Finance Policy Description

The specialization of educational Economics and Finance introduces the theories, principles, and methods of
financial management at the firm, national and international level. The course investigates how financial markets
work (in interaction with the real economy), why they often do not work as well as we would like, and how the
performance of the financial system can be improved by regulation and policy.

The specialization consists of three courses:

a) Intermediate Economics

b) Cost-Benefit Analysis

c) Economics and Finance

Expected prior knowledge:

An introduction to Economics, preferably, also an introduction to Business Economics. Summary: This course
investigates economic theories, concepts, principles, and methods required to understand financial management at
the firm level as well as the working of national and global financial markets. Using a more advanced and
specialized economics and finance literature than the more general study materials used by the first-year Master
courses, it prepares the student for subsequent analyses in the courses Cost-Benefit Analysis and Economics &
Finance. The course has a strong international orientation, with a focus on the interactions between global financial
markets & capital flows and the real economies of the USA, Europe and Asia.

Course contents:

Balance sheets; assets and liabilities; discounting; profitability; internal rate of return; payback period; present vs.
future value; leverage; liquidity and solvency, global market competition; oligopolistic competition; market failures
and externalities; public goods; efficiency and welfare; technological progress; aggregate demand and supply; fiscal
and monetary policy; regulation; stabilization policy; financial markets; Study goals: Achieved:

 Interpret the balance and profit & loss accounts of financial-sector firms analyze firm behavior in a context of
oligopolistic financial markets

 Appraise the rationale, scope and limits of financial market regulation

 Identify the short- and long-term impact of national and global financial

 Policies on firm behavior and (national) economic prefer.

To adjust all the balance and profit & loss in market is the basic phenomina that how to tackle these situations.
“Intermediate Economics”.

Cost-Benefit Analysis: Theory and Application (4 SUSL) Language:

Summary:

It is widely used tool , Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) in the market for better policy decisions to implement for good
results.. A project lot depends upon the policies which are formed to achieve good results ,but for the strong
organization some decisions have to be adopt for the better results It is not only limited to monetary consideration
only but depends upon the environmental and social costs as well.

We should follow techniques in different situations that whether the management is able to hire new team members
for the collective benefits, or they must leave the project and introduce new initiatives to keep its place in the market
or it should start determining the feasibility once again. But Always keep in mind CBA helps to making quick and
easy financial decisions.

CBA is

a) What outcomes we achieve or gain through cost benefit analysis.

b) It provides us social advantages.
c) It gives us opportunity how to spend for launching the product and its campaign cost.
d) For any product CBA is basic gateway to outweigh its drawbacks.

Performing a cost benefit analysis gives you the opportunity to delve into specifics about what you are
spending to launch a product or to invest in an advertising campaign.

Course contents:

Welfare economics; market failure; social costs and benefits; the social discount rate; valuation of non-market
impacts; global warming; infrastructure investments.

Study goals: Achieved:

 be able to perform a (social) cost-benefit analysis of a public policy proposal

 understand the welfare-economics foundations of CBA
 have a keen understanding of the importance of income distribution in CBA.
 master techniques to value (in money terms) non-market impacts of public policy
 be able to correctly interpret the stalemate on policies to fight global warming.

Finance Summary:

There are number of crises observed in the last two decades from which mortgage crisis came at front for continuing
financial crises and shows a flaws from which most important is division between rich and poor, providing social
and economic justice and specially the major problem of environment. One of the major crises is Loan Money which
is without any true purposes of the real economy and society. and moreover the paying of interest diminishes the
capacity of client to repay and consume.

There are different alternatives financial resources introduced in the market as Education, housing shopping areas.
Financial returns in these areas are very high but can get benefits by central strategic planning ,where investments
and actions likely to be outcomes. Who follows such activities learns quickly to get the benefits. These positive
benefits makes the strategy successful by adopting revenue growth ,cash inflows ,cost saving and gaining profts.By
applying these we can satisfy consumer for quality service and boost the company image reducing the risk and
keeping our employees engaged.

SOCIO-CULTURE CONTEXT OF EDUCATION

This module provides an understanding of the socio-cultural context where education, its need and learning
discussed. This leads to the structures and economy-political system but also to make education policy and learner
experience. This not only examine the processes and structures in different sectors that leads up to higher education
where as issues of social class,gender,disability and race are also discussed. Results of sociology of education are
inequalities in education and the solutions how to shape them.

It gives us

 That how in different sectors we can insert socio context of education for lifelong learning.
 Understanding of processes and structures of third world countries education system which is the mixture
of different varieties.
 To understand the keynotes, deficiencies and how critically analyze the structure of this policy.

It not only explores the context of schooling in shape of social, cultural and religious context of schooling. It all
depends upon the teachers that how they develop awareness of the values and their practices. The study revolves
between relationship of school and society. As much as relation between these two more elastic it covers all the
distances between them.

Learning Outcomes

Understanding of this can bring

 Different education sectors can be in cooperation.

 Education system will be more strong and have impact on social class ,gender and race.
 Sociological theories, practice and policy can be helpful to maintain the society
 .Practicing educationist can utilize their social experience in their relevant organizations.

The issue Minority Students:

This is the main issue in multicultural educational system. Students are targeted in schools because of
discrimination on the name of status, culture or religion. In this course we will find out the reasons behind
such treatment to minority student. Some students are treated badly for being third person who does not
belong to that culture or country, some for being black some for being poor. Especially in Our Country this
problem have to be seen a lot. But we are not getting this solution any more. This problem arose more and
more any situation for Minorities are going verse day by day. Only due to extremism in Pakistan increasing
day by day and Government is not taking any action against such culprits. So addition is formed in
constitution as well.

Reasons for that cause discrimination:

 1. Colonialization

2. Status approach

3. Ignorance of organizations

Cultural differences in the motivation to achieve:

Motivation which is defined as the drive to initiate behavior is accepted as an essential requisite for
education. A common thing of motivation in education is that people are motivated to achieve and show
their skills. The motivation to show ability can be effected by personal and situational factors and some
frame works emphasis on both factors. Personal Motivation: Some theorist like Nicholls focuses on
personal motivation. According to his theory people strive to show their abilities while performing some
task. But it is important to understand what other mean by personal effort or motivation to understand their
behavior. Like some people think that they motivate them self by learning and practicing their skill on the
other side some people get motivated by seeing other performing and that thing boost them and encourage
them to do even better.

Organization Behavior:

An organization is a place where people live and work. The organization has its own kind of World whose limitation
puts a strong influence on the life of a person. It is correct if we say, the behavior of team in Institution individually
or in a group is not only a reflection of their personality but also reflection of such culture which maintains by the
organization. This links the individual or a group to create a powerful organization and such organization creates
beautiful and strong behavior. Organization Behavior should be the characteristics of every educational leader who
wants to bring change. As we go further we should always think what to read, how to question it and how can get
answer by discussing, how it can be practically done and how experience can be the reflective part.

When we discuss about OB in education it means that how an administrator keeps his organization strong by putting
all efforts and energies to create a better atmosphere then others. Most –in- depth in Organization, the management
adopt all decision making to achieve every possible goal in their organization to be successful. Only those reforms
make institutions strong which are based on organizational theory and research. The effectiveness of educational
organizations basically play a important role in their mission. Organizations must insert learning, personality
development, and development of all participants directly attached to the organization. Such information and ideas
which increase competencies and skills to enact cooperative behavior and supportive to others. Always support
others who think differently, and always thinks for positive change within your organization in never ending
process.

It is very difficult to implement policies and our own vision at once it takes a time to indulge ourselves into it.But an
organization can only be strong if it indulge policies and techniques which are modern and scientific.These changes
not only the hallmark for the heads ,shows their vision to change the world through their own and not only kept their
stauts high in the society but also make them proud owner of their organization and producing more pragmatic.

A lot research work did and happened for the education over the century but still it needs to work on the scientific
methods especially in third world and without the professional and scientific knowledge, It is never wrong to say
that research in quality education is still uneven. An effective organization makes a difference in improving
learning, matters that how the leadership handles to make changes and how it brings learning process and
environment more comfortable for their students ,and this only happens, if management has a successful qualities of
modern leadership.

EDUCATIONAL POLITICS AND POLICY:

Government in different countries brings changes in education and makes new policies. Politics is involved
in education and changes which are requirement of time. This course aims to understand these changes in
the education policies by the government for the development and reform resulting from devolution.
Schools can‘t be responsible on their own. This course provides a platform to learn and enquire government
policies. In this program students will learn how to give education on equal level without any cultural
gender discrimination. As a matter of fact this is the most important factor to create stability in cultural
environment with regards to educational politics. Students will be assessed on their capacity to critically
evaluate the nature of education as a social institution; analyses objectively the deeply controversial issues
that debate about educational policy provokes; critically assess the importance of power in the governance
of the practice of education; seek systematically to understand the relationship between the education and
diversity; conceptualize the relationship between education and democracy. It’s a common thought that
“Politics should be completely being eliminated from education”, But we cannot completely be separated
from politics nor we should only reply to politics for every educational affair. They both are interrelated to
each other. Education is surrounded by political environment. It may have several advantages and
disadvantages educational politics and policies. Political decisions affect education positively and
negatively both. Students must be aware of educational basic priorities of political reviews and polices
affecting the educational issues. In Educational departments impart several propaganda in different ways
this may gave a negative effect on the polices, the whole thing disturb the policies of educational institutes.
The new policies may boost up the educational system The way to educational policies are immensely
impacted by political processes and practices.

.
POLICY RESEARCH PROBLRM :

Basic need for this is to provide candidates, the opportunity to grab the knowledge and skills from
-the curriculum to facts in education. This will not only promote such integration and application by

1) To be critically seen for initial research by its basic needs.

2) Systematic policy is required for students to choose topics for their research .Research scholars needs to
follow all rules set for promotion of education and media news for critically seen research work for making
new policies. All methodology should be followed to keep the knowledge update and it not only determine
the focus of class discussion but also determined that how a student conduct seminar and how its progress
in different articles, shows its approach towards it substantive interest and methodology.

Quantitative Research: Stimulates a high educational technique to gather basic information from current
and prospective students.
Quantitative Research is basically depends upon two major parts.
a) Dealing with numbers
b) Measurable
It based on the statistical methodology and mostly rely on online surveys and questionnaires which produce
100 % numerical data which directs to positive change accordingly. The Interviews can be scheduled when
numerical data is collected to gather the relevant information. Quantitative study has end result in form of
confirmation or disconfirmation of the hypothesis, which has to be proved. In modern methodology
Quantitative Research is basically fall in the descriptive research in which it identifies the characteristics of
the phenomenon.

Suggestions:
There are some suggestions by which we can transform our dreams into reality by global training and by
train master trainers to implement educational measures all over the world.
 We believe that all modern techniques should be followed to set international standards in
education.
 Exchange of resources and teaching materials with institutions.
 An international collaboration and cooperation is required with education institutions in
developing countries.
 Standardization of Educational Institution is the basic need of this century.
 Responsibity should be inserted into the students that should have sense of responsibility to be the
pillar of nation through their research work and must follow all the modern and effective
techniques and methodology to be better part of society..

Results:

The entire paper made progress about different educational policies and set of methodology that how an
organization/Institution can be triumphant to take up all modern strategies. To evaluate the efficiency of an
education system,Economics of education is such a tool which depends upon the effectiveness of both
domestic and global systems. Some of the issues during the research are accountability of teachers, closing
and growing achievements gaps . Assessing their prior knowledge is one of the most important factor to
evaluate the researcher’s interest towards the topics. Because new skills and knowledge based on the prior
learning which heads towards the potential responses. The influence of the learning concepts results to
shape our thinking.
The consequence of study must be written impartial and compendious. In quantitative studies, it is used the
systematic properties to justify the general conclusion. Quantitative researcher inquires the segregated
variables in-depth and describing elements and relationships between the variables. Researchers designs the
mathematical models, theories and hypothesis to make the connection between the human and things ,so
that can take up the fundamental approach towards the reasons. In this regard most commonly used
techniques are statistics ,tables,graphs,questionier and equipment to check the pattern of the behaviuor.The
he just come across the laws of course and effects upon the determined different behaviors.