Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 185 views

    VLSI Lecture01 20190206 Introduction To VLSI Design

    Uploaded by

    Arwa
    This document provides an introduction to a VLSI Design course. It outlines the course details including the title, code, instructor, textbook, assessment, and learning outcomes. The course will cover topics such as VLSI circuits and systems, CMOS logic design, fabrication processes, CAD tools, reliability testing, and more over 16 weeks. It provides context about VLSI including the large number of transistors now present on chips, Moore's law of transistor scaling, and challenges of increasing complexity with higher integration densities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    VLSI Lecture01 20190206 Introduction To VLSI Design

    Uploaded by

    Arwa
    185 views17 pages
    This document provides an introduction to a VLSI Design course. It outlines the course details including the title, code, instructor, textbook, assessment, and learning outcomes. The course will cover topics such as VLSI circuits and systems, CMOS logic design, fabrication processes, CAD tools, reliability testing, and more over 16 weeks. It provides context about VLSI including the large number of transistors now present on chips, Moore's law of transistor scaling, and challenges of increasing complexity with higher integration densities.

    Original Description:

    VLSI LECTURE 1

    Original Title

    VLSI Lecture01 20190206 Introduction to VLSI Design

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides an introduction to a VLSI Design course. It outlines the course details including the title, code, instructor, textbook, assessment, and learning outcomes. The course will cover topics such as VLSI circuits and systems, CMOS logic design, fabrication processes, CAD tools, reliability testing, and more over 16 weeks. It provides context about VLSI including the large number of transistors now present on chips, Moore's law of transistor scaling, and challenges of increasing complexity with higher integration densities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    185 views17 pages

    VLSI Lecture01 20190206 Introduction To VLSI Design

    Uploaded by

    Arwa
    This document provides an introduction to a VLSI Design course. It outlines the course details including the title, code, instructor, textbook, assessment, and learning outcomes. The course will cover topics such as VLSI circuits and systems, CMOS logic design, fabrication processes, CAD tools, reliability testing, and more over 16 weeks. It provides context about VLSI including the large number of transistors now present on chips, Moore's law of transistor scaling, and challenges of increasing complexity with higher integration densities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17

    Introduction to

    1
    VLSI Design
    Lecture# 01
    VLSI Design

    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi


    2 Course Introduction
     Course Title: VLSI Design
     Course Code:EEE434
     Class: EEE-6
     Text Book
     Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems
     By John P. Uyemura

     Reference Books
     VLSI Design
     Debaprasad Das
     CMOS VLSI Design
     Neil H. E. Weste and David Money Harris

     Course Assessment
     Quizzes (Announced)
     Assignments (A lot)
     Exams
    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi
    3 Instructor and Content
     Course / Lab Instructor: Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi
     Contact me at
     SOHAIB_AYYAZ_QAZI@comsats.edu.pk (please be careful
    with spellings)
     Course Material / Announcements will be available at
    http://saqazi.com/vlsidesign
     Password to access vlsi434eee6sp19
     Office 213, Faculty Block 1, CU Islamabad

    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi


    4 Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)

     Understand and explain the importance of VLSI, design hierarchy,


    design metrics, IC fabrication materials and IC fabrication processes.
    (C2-PLO1)

     Implement and analyze complex logic circuits and layout (physical


    design) using static CMOS logic and transmission gates. (C4-PLO2)

     Design electrically and geometrically individual MOSFETs,


    interconnects and other layers as well as logic gates, modules and
    complete circuits in a CMOS IC. (C4-PLO3)

     Apply advanced techniques in CMOS logic circuits (dynamic, dual-


    rail and domino etc.) and explain reliability of ICs. (C3-PLO1)

     Use CAD tools to implement and verify behavioral, RTL, circuit and
    layout level designs. (A3-PLO5)

     Present and analyze data with effective report writing skills.


    (A2-PLO10)

    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi


    5 Course Contents
    Week # Lecture Topics
    Week 01 Introduction and design metrics
    Week 02 Logic design using MOSFETs
    Week 03 Physical structure of CMOS ICs
    Week 04 CMOS layers, designing MOSFET arrays (logic gates) in layout
    Week 05 Fabrication process of CMOS ICs, lithography and design rules
    Week 06 Elements of physical design
    Week 07 Electrical characteristics of MOSFETs

    Week 08 Electronic analysis of CMOS Logic Gates


    Week 09 Advances techniques CMOS logic circuits
    Week 10 System specifications using VHDL or Verilog
    Week 11 General VLSI system components (multiplexors, latches and registers etc.)
    Week 12 Arithmetic circuits in CMOS VLSI (Adders and multipliers etc.)
    Week 13 Memories architectures and core design

    Week 14 System level physical design (delays, crosstalk, scaling & power consumption)

    Week 15 Reliability, testing and Design for Test (DFT)


    Week 16 Revision

    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi


    6 Introduction to VLSI (1/2)
     VLSI is an acronym for Very Large Scale Integration
     Very dense electronic Integrated Circuits (ICs)
     Large number of switching devices (transistor) per unit area
     The number of transistors has exceeded 1 billion per chip (IC)1
     Nowadays up to tens of billions2

    Year Era Level of Integration

    1958 Single Transistor -


    1960 Monolithic IC 1
    1962 Multi-function 2-4
    1964 Complex function 5-20
    1967 Medium scale integration (MSI) 20-200
    1972 Large scale integration (LSI) 200-2000
    1978 Very large scale integration (VLSI) 2000-20,000

    1989 Ultra large scale integration (ULSI) Above 20,000

    1Peter Clarke, EE Times, “Intel enters billion-transistor processor era”, 14 October 2005
    2Antone Gonsalves, EE Times, "Samsung begins production of 16-Gb flash", 30 April 2007

    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi


    7 Introduction to VLSI (2/2)
     In order to achieve higher integration density
     Transistor sizes are being decreased (scaling)
     Transistor scaling is usually referred by channel length
     Transistor scaling has also raised some issues along with
    the benefits
     Power density
     Velocity saturation
     Other short channel effects

    Parameter Trends Transistor scaling


    Number of transistors per IC Increasing and operating
    Transistor size Decreasing frequency
    reaching its limits.
    Operating frequency (speed) Increasing
    New solutions are
    Operating voltage Decreasing (to decrease power being adopted.
    consumption)

    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi


    8 Moore’s Law

     Gordon Moore suggested that the number of


    transistors in an IC
     Will double every 18 to 24 months
     So far, the Moore’s law is holding, some what
     But it is also struggling
     As Gordon Moore himself said in 2015 1
     “I guess I see Moore’s law dying here in the next decade or
    so, but that’s not surprising.”

    1Moore, Gordon. “Gordon Moore: The Man Whose Name Means Progress, The visionary engineer reflects on 50
    years of Moore’s Law”, March 30, 2015
    2Image courtesy http://www.cringely.com/2013/10/15/breaking-moores-law/ 2016-02-09 at 1100 hrs

    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi


    9 VLSI Complexity and Design (1/2)

     As the integration density increases


     It also increases design complexity

    Engineers
     So, it is required to have Sand
    Marketing
     Design team Idea
     Design hierarchy $$$$$$$

    Super chip

    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi


    10 VLSI Complexity and Design (2/2)
     Mostly top-down approach
     Bottom-up is only feasible for small projects

    Top
    design System Specifications Initial concept
    level

    Abstract high-level model System design


    VHDL, Verilog HDL and verification

    Logic design
    Logic Synthesis and verification

    CMOS design
    Circuit Design and verification
    Bottom
    design Physical Design Silicon logic design
    level and verification

    Mass production,
    Manufacturing testing &
    packaging

    Finished VLSI Chip Marketing

    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi


    11 Comparison of Approaches

    Top - Down Bottom – Up

     Theoretical  Starts at Silicon


     Abstract Level Definitions  Builds Primitives
     No Direct Connection with  Combined to get
    Silicon complex logic blocks
     Suitable for Complex  Suitable for small projects
    Circuits (Almost each
    design today)

    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi


    12 VLSI Chip Types
     Full Custom
     Every circuit is custom designed
     Time consuming, high initial cost
     Suitable for mass-production
     Application Specific Integrated Circuits
    (ASICs)
     ICs for a particular application
     Designers use CAD tools to translate
    higher level design to create layout
     No access over low-level electronics
    design
     Suitable for low-production and
    prototyping
     May involve using IP cores
     Semi-Custom
     Hybrid of the above two
     Using standard cells and custom
    designed circuit

    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi


    13 Design Metrics (1/2)

     The design quality is measured in terms of the following


    design metrics
     Functionality
     What operations it can perform on number of I/Os etc.

     Cost (non-recurring and recurring)


     NRE (Non-Recurrent Engineering) costs
     One time cost factor like design time, design effort etc.

     R&D, Infrastructure building, training, manufacturing equipment,


    VLSI CAD tools

     Recurrent Costs
     Proportional to volume, chip area

     Silicon processing, packaging, testing

     Reliability
     noise margin/immunity

    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi


    14 Design Metrics (2/2)
     Power dissipation (speed, power, energy)
     Peak and average power dissipation,
     Energy

     Speed (delay, operating frequency)


     Delays between process input and output
     Maximum operating frequency

     Time-to-market
     An integrated circuit must be designed, verified, and finally
    implemented
     As quick as possible to become available first in the market
    to beat the competitors.

    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi


    15 Design Domains (Y-chart)

     The IC design can be described in the


    following three domains:
    Processor
     Behavioral
    Register Algorithm
     Circuit is described by its behavior Gate Register Transfer Language
    Transistor Boolean Expression
     And not physical implementation or
    Differential equation
    structure

     Structural Transistor

     Circuit is described by components and Cell


    interconnections

    Physical
    Module
     Physical
    Floorplan
     Deals with actual geometry
     Described by shape, size and location of Gajski−Kuhn Y-chart
    components

    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi


    16 Computer Aided Design (CAD)
     Since the technology has allowed to reach todays integration
    levels
     We need to use CAD tools to cope with the design complexity
     A simple three loop circuit calculation requires three equations to be
    solved
     Imagine the analysis/design complexity for millions and billions of
    transistors
     CAD tools fully or partly automate the VLSI design steps

    Implementation Tools Verification Tools


    Logic and Physical Synthesis Simulation
    Design for Test (DFT) Timing analysis
    Full custom layout Formal Verification
    Floor planning Power Analysis
    Place and route DRC and LVS

    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi


    17 Preview of Lecture # 02

     Logic Design using MOSFETs


     MOSFETs as switches
     Logic Gates in CMOS

    COMSATS University Islamabad Dr. Sohaib Ayyaz Qazi

    You might also like