OPERATOR’S

MANUAL

Portable
Hardness
Testers

Manufactured and serviced worldwide by

 Ames Portable Hardness Tester Operator Manual
Precision Portable Hardness Tester

OPERATOR’S MANUAL Depth of

penetration
The Ames Precision Features: resulting from
Hardness Tester is a hand- • Accurate – providing true Rockwell tests with initial (minor) MEASURING
held, manually-operated accuracy to +/- 1 point load ROCKWELL
instrument used to perform • Reliable – provides years of service when HARDNESS
properly maintained and calibrated Additional
superficial or standard depth of
Rockwell Hardness Tests in • Versatile – a variety of models to cover varying ROCKWELL C
needs – plus reversible anvil/penetrator orienta- penetration PENETRATOR
the field or laboratory. tion to allow internal surface testing after second Standard Diamond
(major) load Penetrator with
IMPORTANT: Your tester has been marked with month and year as a reminder is applied. 120° cone and
to send the instrument in for calibration. spherical
Rockwell point.
Hardness is
Pin (except Model 1-4) derived from
Scale magnifier difference
Hardness scales Hand wheel
Test sample
Penetrator
Anvil
Hardness Testing – Rockwell scales
Rockwell Hardness testing is a sys- sequence. The first, a minor load is
tem for determining the hardness of applied and the readout dial is “ze-
metals and alloys of all kinds. The roed” with the part being tested still
Model 1 shown American Society for Testing and under load. Then the major load is
Materials (ASTM) has established a applied.
standard recognized worldwide to The penetrator is backed out to the
Dial help manufacturers maintain the minor load point to read the distance
qualities they want in their products. traveled. The hardness reading rep-
Bezel ASTM Standards E-18 and E-110 resents the additional depth of
defines the test method and param- penetration beyond the minor load.
eters for a valid test using portable Tester accuracy is checked by run-
Frame Maintaining hardness testers. Following is a gen- ning the test on specimens whose
your Ames eral description of the method. hardness has been certified by an
Hardness Tester A spheroconical diamond penetrator independent testing laboratory.
All Ames testers are or a carbide ball penetrator is forced All Ames hardness testers perform
factory lubricated. Do not into the surface being tested at a genuine Rockwell Hardness tests,
attempt additional lubrication. predetermined pressure load. The
Grip giving a direct Rockwell reading. Their
Keep the tester dry and free hardness is read as a function of the accuracy meets or exceeds ASTM
from oil. Store in the case depth of penetration. Standards E-18 and E-110. Each
provided. When necessary,
To overcome errors in measurement, tester comes complete with test speci-
wipe with a commercial
two pressure loads are applied in mens to assure continued accuracy.
cleaner.

2 3
Ames Portable Tester Operator Manual Ames Portable Tester Operator Manual

Using Ames testers Measuring Rockwell Hardness

Select the penetrator Step 3: Set the Barrel Dial Pin
and test block. Barrel Dial Pin Magnifier Rotate the barrel dial until its pin
Anvil rests against the upper edge of
Soft materials are usually tested in
the Rockwell B Scale, using 1/16" Anvil Penetrator the lucite magnifier. The upper
ball penetrator and 100 kg major nut line of the barrel’s hardness
load. Hardened steel and hard al- scales should be exactly aligned
loys are tested in the Rockwell C beneath the hairline on the
Scale, using a diamond penetrator magnifier.
and a 150 kg major load. The chart (NOTE: Model 1-4 has no pin,
below gives some basic guidelines Bezel and must be aligned visually.)
for scales and penetrators. Anvil
Dot
Set up the tester. Indicator Step 4: Apply Major Load.
Secure the appropriate penetrator hand Turn the hand wheel only until the Load applied
and anvil in the tester. (Refer to chart dial pointer rests exactly on the
below or additional chart provided major load. ACCURACY: your tester
with this manual.) is guaranteed to +/- 1 point
Step 1 Rockwell. When using this tester,
you must use extreme care to posi-
Before putting your specimen into
tion the pointer exactly on the minor
the tester, check the position of the Test Block Hand wheel and major load marks.
indicator hand. It should rest directly
on the dot on the indicator dial. If it Rotate handwheel slowly to seat
doesn’t, adjust the dial by turning the sample, then slowly again until
bezel to locate the dot under the target load is reached.
pointer.
Shown here is a major load of 150 kg being applied for reading in the
Rockwell C scale. With Ames Superficial tester models, the gauge shows
Frequently used scales 15, 30 and 45 kg pressures and indicates in the Rockwell N and T scales.
on Ames Tester Models Set
See chart provided for other scales
Scale Minor Load Major Load Penetrator Step 5: Take the reading Magnifier
Turn the hand wheel back to bring Barrel Dial
A 10 kg 60 kg Diamond
the indicator hand back to "SET"
B 10 kg 100 kg l/16" Ball and take the reading on the barrel
C 10 kg 150 kg Diamond dial looking through the lucite
E 10 kg 100 kg 1/8" Ball
Step 2. Apply Minor Load magnifier. Each graduation on
Capture your test specimen be- the barrel dial indicates two points
Superficial Models:
15-N 3 kg 15 kg Diamond tween the anvil and penetrator. in the Rockwell scale.
Make sure the penetrator point is Superficial Tester:
30-N 3 kg 30 kg Diamond not close to the mark of a previous Standard Tester:
45-N 3 kg 45 kg Diamond
With either the diamond or ball
test (see page 6). Slowly turn the With the diamond penetrator, read penetrator, take your reading from the
15-T 3 kg 15 kg 1/16" Ball hand wheel to bring the indicator Column C on the barrel dial (black black-numbered N-T column on the
30-T 3 kg 30kg 1/16" Ball hand to the line marked “SET.” This numbers). barrel dial. (The difference in reading is
applies the minor pressure load to With the ball penetrator, read created by the difference in penetrators:
45-T 3 kg 45 kg 1/16" Ball
the penetrator. N with diamond, T with 1/16" ball.)
Column B (red numbers).
4 5
Ames Portable Hardness Tester Operator Manual Ames Portable Tester Operator Manual

Using Tester Accessories Extensions

Models with jaw openings larger
Special Testers: Model 8
Changing penetrator/anvil The Model 8 Tester is affixed to the Setup
than 1" come with jaw opening
Make sure to tighten it securely. (Hint: stock piece by means of a large “C” When applying the instrument to the
extensions to allow testing of
take a ”dry run” reading to seat the clamp which has a screw long stock piece, take care not to allow
samples in the 0-1" thickness
penetrator and/or the anvil before enough to hold anything from about the penetrator to strike the stock
range. Insert the extension be-
taking an actual reading.) 1/4" thick up to 8" in diameter. piece.
tween the anvil and the open end
Anvils of the jaw. Be sure to tighten it The anvil of the screw has a ball Once the tester is aligned and fas-
Use the flat anvil for work where the securely. socket which automatically aligns tened to the stock piece, tighten the
surfaces are parallel. Use the ‘V’ NOTE: The first two or three tests the penetrator spindle at a right angle screw so that the pressure exerted
anvil to hold round stock and the may be low, until the penetrator to the workpiece. This allows testing is greater than the maximum pres-
raised flat anvil for irregular surfaces. and anvil have become firmly diameters up to 8" as well as flat or sure in any Rockwell test.
Make sure to tighten it securely. seated. irregular pieces without changing the
setup. Making Hardness Tests
Maintaining accuracy Caution: the Penetrator of Model Follow the same procedure for mi-
8 comes through a hole in the nor load, major load and reading as
All AMES Hardness Testers, whether in constant use or not, require anvil. If it is extended while clamp- for all standard Ames Testers (pages
accuracy checks. To check accuracy, take the average of 5 readings on ing or unclamping the tester to/ 4-5).
the test block. The readings on the barrel dial should agree with the from the workpiece, it is almost
marking on the test block, within +/- 1 point. certain to be damaged. Be sure to Pin
Further, to guarantee the accuracy of your tester, it is recommended that make sure the penetrator is re-
tests be made in high, medium, and low ranges. For example, C Scale, tracted before clamping or Indicator
hand
C-63, C-50, and C-28. unclamping the workpiece.
Once per year, your tester needs to be factory calibrated. Anvils
There are two anvils supplied spe- Dot
ASTM Standard E-18 (for testing Rockwell Hardness) says, in part: cifically for this tester: Flat and
V-shaped. They are secured in the Bezel
two adjacent measuring head by a spring-loaded
tween the center of
7.9 The distance be the diameter of ball and can be changed by simply Anvils
at least three times
indentations shall be pulling one out and inserting the
the indentation. any indentation to other.
e dis tan ce from the center of
7.9 .1 Th st two and a half
piece shall be at lea Each has a hole to accommodate
an edge of the test
of the indentation. the penetrator. When changing from
times the diameter
the flat to the “V,” the penetrator
must be retracted further to avoid
In other words, keep indentations 3 contacting the workpiece prema-
diameters apart. Indentations can only turely.
be made on one side of the test block.
Use the flat anvil with the test blocks
Factory Calibration or other flat stock; the “V” with round
AMES FACTORY CALIBRATION includes a thorough cleaning. For more in- stock.
formation, contact the nearest facility listed below:
U.S. (800) 521-0423 U.K. (01384) 263426
email: sales@electroarc.com email: sales@electroarc.co.uk

6 7
Ames Portable Tester Operator Manual
Portable Hardness Tester Accessories
Special
Pin Hand wheel Anvils The correct anvil helps
Penetrators
Testers: Bezel Barrel Dial
you get the reading right
the first time. 1/16" Ball #AT1257
Model Dot Magnifier
V ANVIL
1/2" #T1128
1/8"
1/4"
Ball
Ball
#AT1259
#AT 1160
1/2" Ball #AT1162
16 Indicator hand 1"
1-1/4"
#T2228
#T4228
CYLINDRICAL Diamond Penetrators
1/2" # T1126 Standard #T1131
3/4" #T2226 Superficial #T1178
1" #T4226

CONVEX ANVIL Extensions

1/2" # T1127 Extensions allow testing thinner items
3/4" #T2227 with larger tester models without
1" #T4227 sacrificing stability.
RAISED FLAT 3/4" (3/8" dia.) T1132
The Model 16 Tester is 1/8" # T1130 1/2" T2232
affixed to the stock piece by 1/4" #T1129 3/4" T4232
means of a chain clamp which 1" T4234
FLAT ANVIL 2" T4235
can secure the tester frame to
anything from about 4" thick up to Each has a hole to accommodate 1/2" #T1125
the penetrator. When changing 1" #T4225
16" in diameter.
from the flat to the “V,” the pene-
The measuring head is independent
trator must be retracted further to
of the clamp and may be removed
for mounting on a holder of your own
avoid contacting the workpiece
prematurely.
Certified Test Blocks
design. Hard Steel (C Scale) #T1233
Caution: the Penetrator of Model Setup Soft Steel (C Scale) #T1234
16 comes through a hole in the When applying the instrument to the Brass (B Scale) #T1241
anvil. If it is extended while clamp- stock piece, take care not to allow
ing the tester to the workpiece, it the penetrator to strike the stock
is almost certain to be damaged.
Be sure to make sure the retractor
piece. Bench Stand
Once the tester is aligned and fas- Holds tester securely for hands free operation.
is retracted before clamping or tened to the stock piece, tighten the Tester is inclined at a convenient angle and
unclamping the workpiece. screw so that the pressure exerted rigidly supported. Internal fibre sleeve
is greater than the maximum pres- protects tester’s grip.
Anvils
sure in any Rockwell test. Weight: 11 lbs. Part #AT1142
There are two anvils supplied spe-
cifically for this tester: Flat and Making Hardness Tests
“V”-shaped. They are secured in the Follow the same procedure for
measuring head by a spring-loaded minor load, major load and reading Manufactured and
ball and can be changed by simply as for all standard Ames Testers serviced worldwide by
pulling one out and inserting the (pages 4-5).
other.

9
8
 TABLE II
10

CORRECTIONS TO BE ADDED TO ROCKWELL C, A, AND D, VALUES

OBTAINED ON CYLINDRICAL SPECIMENS OF VARIOUS DIAMETERS.

Dial

CORRECTION CHARTS
Readings 1/4 in. 3/8 in. 1/2 in. 5/8 in. 3/4 in 7/8 in. 1 in. 1-1/4 in. 1-1/2 in.

20 6.0 4.5 3.5 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0

25 5.5 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0
30 5.0 3.5 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5
35 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5
40 3.5 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5
45 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5
50 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
55 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0
60 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0
65 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0
70 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0
75 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0
80 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0
85 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
90 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TABLE III
CORRECTIONS TO BE ADDED TO ROCKWELL 15N, 30N, AND 45N
VALUES OBTAINED ON CYLINDRICAL SPECIMENS OF VARIOUS DIAMETERS.

CORRECTION CHARTS
Dial
Readings 1/8 in. 1/4 in. 3/8 in. 1/2 in. 3/4 in. 1 in.

20 6.0 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5

25 5.5 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0
30 5.5 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0
35 5.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0
40 4.5 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0
45 4.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0
50 3.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.0
0.5
55 3.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5
60 3.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5
65 2.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5
0.5
70 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5
75 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0
11
CONVERSION CHART FOR AMES PORTABLE HARDNESS TESTER
Hardened Steel, Hard Alloys Soft Steel, Non-Ferrous Metal, Gray & Malleable Iron Casting

6 0 kg. L O A D

1 5 kg. L O A D

3 0 kg. L O A D

4 5 kg. L O A D

6 0 kg. L O A D

1 5 kg. L O A D

3 0 kg. L O A D

4 5 kg. L O A D
1/16" BALL

1 / 8 " B A L L

1/16" BALL

1/16" BALL

1/16" BALL

1/16" BALL

1/16" BALL

1/16" BALL

1 / 8 " B A L L

1/16" BALL
1 0 0 kg. L O A D

1 0 0 kg. L O A D

1 5 0 kg. L O A D

K g .

1 0 0 kg. L O A D

1 0 0 kg. L O A D

K g .

1/16" BALL

1/16" BALL

1/16" BALL
10 M.M. BALL

10 M.M. BALL
D I A M O N D
PENETRATOR

D I A M O N D
PENETRATOR
6 0 kg. L O A D

D I A M O N D
PENETRATOR

D I A M O N D
PENETRATOR
1 5 kg. L O A D

D I A M O N D
PENETRATOR
3 0 kg. L O A D

D I A M O N D
PENETRATOR
4 5 kg. L O A D
1 5 0 kg. L O A D

1 0 0 kg. L O A D

K g .
10 M.M. BALL

3 0 0 0
3 0 0 0

5 0 0
C A D 15-N 30-N 45-N B E F G 15-T 30-T 45-T B E F 15-T 30-T 45-T
ROCKWELL BRI- ROCKWELL ROCKWELL BRI- ROCKWELL ROCKWELL BRI- ROCKWELL
SCALE SCALE SCALE SCALE SCALE SCALE
NELL NELL NELL
80 92.0 86.5 97.0 92.0 87.0 100 114.5 114.0 82.0 242 93.0 82.0 72.0 50 89.0 86.0 93 77.0 49.5 23.0
79 91.5 85.5 96.5 91.5 86.5 99 114.0 113.5 80.0 235 92.5 81.5 71.0 49 88.5 85.5 92 76.5 49.0 22.0
78 91.0 84.5 -- 91.0 85.5 98 113.5 112.5 78.5 228 92.0 81.0 70.0 48 88.0 85.0 90 76.0 48.5 20.5

77 90.5 84.0 96.0 90.5 84.5 97 113.0 112.0 77.0 222 92.0 80.5 69.0 47 87.0 84.5 88 76.0 47.5 19.5
76 90.0 83.5 -- 90.0 83.5 96 112.5 111.5 75.5 216 91.5 80.0 68.0 46 86.5 84.0 87 75.5 47.0 18.5
75 89.5 83.0 95.5 89.0 82.5 95 112.0 111.0 74.0 210 91.5 79.0 67.0 45 86.0 83.5 86 75.0 46.0 17.5

74 89.0 82.0 -- 88.5 81.5 94 111.5 110.5 72.0 205 91.0 78.5 66.0 44 85.5 83.0 85 75.0 45.5 16.5
73 88.5 81.0 95.0 88.0 80.5 93 111.0 110.0 70.0 200 91.0 78.0 65.5 43 85.0 82.5 83 74.5 45.0 15.5
72 88.0 80.5 94.5 87.0 79.5 92 110.5 109.5 68.5 195 90.5 77.5 64.5 42 84.5 82.0 82 74.0 44.0 14.5

71 87.5 79.5 -- 86.5 78.5 91 110.0 109.0 67.0 190 90.5 77.0 63.5 41 84.0 81.5 81 74.0 43.5 13.5
70 87.0 79.0 94.0 86.0 77.5 90 109.5 108.5 65.5 185 90.0 76.0 62.5 40 83.0 81.0 80 73.5 43.0 12.5
69 86.5 78.0 93.5 85.0 76.5 89 109.0 108.0 64.0 179 89.5 75.5 61.5 39 82.5 80.0 79 73.0 42.0 11.0

68 86.0 77.5 -- 84.5 75.5 88 108.5 107.5 62.0 176 89.0 75.0 60.5 38 82.0 79.5 78 73.0 41.5 10.0
67 85.5 76.5 93.0 83.5 74.5 87 108.0 107.0 60.0 172 89.0 74.5 59.5 37 81.0 79.0 77 72.5 40.5 9.0
66 85.0 75.5 -- 83.0 73.0 86 107.5 106.0 58.5 169 88.5 74.0 58.5 36 80.5 78.5 76 72.0 40.0 8.0

65 84.5 75.0 690 92.0 82.0 72.0 85 107.0 105.5 57.0 165 88.0 73.5 58.0 35 80.0 78.0 75 72.0 39.5 7.0
64 83.5 74.0 673 91.5 81.0 71.0 84 106.5 105.0 55.0 162 88.0 73.0 57.0 34 79.5 77.5 75 71.5 38.5 6.0
63 83.0 73.0 658 91.5 80.0 70.0 83 106.0 104.5 53.5 159 87.5 72.0 56.0 33 79.0 77.0 74 71.0 38.0 5.0

62 82.5 72.5 645 91.0 79.0 69.0 82 105.5 104.0 52.0 156 87.0 71.5 55.0 32 78.0 76.0 74 71.0 37.5 4.0
61 82.0 72.0 628 90.5 78.5 67.5 81 105.0 103.5 50.0 153 87.0 71.0 54.0 31 77.5 75.5 73 70.5 36.5 3.0
60 81.5 71.0 614 90.0 77.5 66.5 80 104.5 103.0 48.5 150 86.5 70.0 53.0 30 77.0 75.0 72 70.5 36.0 2.0

59 81.0 70.5 600 89.5 76.5 65.5 79 104.0 102.0 47.0 147 86.0 69.5 52.0 29 76.5 74.5 71 70.0 35.5 1.0
58 80.5 69.5 587 89.0 75.5 64.0 78 103.5 101.5 45.5 144 86.0 69.0 51.0 28 76.0 74.0 71 69.5 34.5
57 80.0 69.0 573 89.0 75.0 63.0 77 103.0 101.0 43.5 141 85.5 68.0 50.0 27 75.0 73.5 70 69.5 34.0

56 79.5 68.0 560 88.5 74.0 62.0 76 102.5 100.5 42.0 139 85.0 67.5 49.0 26 74.5 73.0 69 69.0 33.0
55 79.0 67.0 547 88.0 73.0 61.0 75 102.0 100.0 40.5 137 85.0 67.0 48.5 25 73.5 72.5 68 68.5 32.5
54 78.5 66.5 534 87.5 72.0 59.5 74 101.5 99.5 38.5 135 84.5 66.0 47.5 24 73.0 72.0 67 68.5 32.0

53 78.0 65.5 522 87.0 71.0 58.5 73 101.0 99.0 37.0 132 84.5 65.5 46.5 23 72.0 71.5 66 68.0 31.0
52 77.5 65.0 509 86.5 70.5 57.5 72 100.5 98.5 35.5 130 84.0 65.0 45.5 22 71.5 71.0 66 67.5 30.5
51 77.0 64.0 496 86.0 69.5 56.0 71 100.0 98.0 33.5 127 83.5 64.0 44.5 21 71.0 70.0 65 67.5 29.5

50 76.5 63.5 484 85.5 68.5 55.0 70 99.5 97.5 32.0 125 83.5 63.5 43.5 20 70.0 69.5 65 67.0 29.0
49 76.0 62.5 472 85.0 67.5 54.0 69 99.0 97.0 30.5 123 83.0 62.5 42.5 19 69.0 69.0 64 67.0 28.5
48 75.5 62.0 460 84.5 66.5 52.5 68 98.5 96.0 28.5 121 82.5 62.0 41.5 18 68.5 68.5 64 66.5 27.5

47 75.0 61.0 448 84.0 66.0 51.5 67 98.0 95.5 27.0 119 82.5 61.5 40.5 17 68.0 68.0 63 66.0 27.0
46 74.5 60.5 437 83.5 65.0 50.0 66 97.5 95.0 25.5 117 82.0 60.5 39.5 16 67.0 67.5 63 66.0 26.0
45 74.0 59.5 426 83.0 64.0 49.0 65 97.0 94.5 24.0 116 81.5 60.0 38.5 15 66.5 67.0 62 65.5 25.5

44 73.5 59.0 415 82.5 63.0 48.0 64 96.5 94.0 22.0 114 81.5 59.5 37.5 14 66.0 66.5 62 65.0 25.0
43 73.0 58.0 404 82.0 62.0 46.5 63 96.0 93.5 20.5 112 81.0 58.5 36.5 13 65.0 66.0 62 65.0 24.0
42 72.5 57.5 393 81.5 61.5 45.5 62 95.5 93.0 19.0 110 80.5 58.0 35.5 12 64.5 65.0 61 64.5 23.5

41 72.0 56.5 382 81.0 60.5 44.5 61 95.0 92.5 17.5 108 80.5 57.0 34.5 11 64.0 64.5 61 64.0 23.0
40 71.5 56.0 372 80.5 59.5 43.0 60 94.5 92.0 16.0 107 80.0 56.5 33.5 10 63.0 64.0 60 64.0 22.0
39 71.0 55.0 362 80.0 58.5 42.0 59 94.0 91.0 14.0 106 80.0 56.0 32.0 9 62.0 63.5 60 63.5 21.5

38 70.5 54.5 352 79.5 57.5 41.0 58 93.5 90.5 12.5 104 79.5 55.0 31.0 8 61.5 63.0 59 63.5 20.5
37 70.0 53.5 342 79.0 56.5 39.5 57 93.0 90.0 11.0 103 79.0 54.5 30.0 7 61.0 62.5 59 63.0 20.0
36 69.5 53.0 333 78.5 56.0 38.5 56 92.5 89.5 9.5 101 79.0 54.0 29.0 6 60.0 62.0 58 62.5 19.5

35 69.0 52.0 322 78.0 55.0 37.0 55 92.0 89.0 8.0 100 78.5 53.0 28.0 5 59.5 61.5 58 62.5 18.5
34 68.0 51.5 313 77.0 54.0 36.0 54 91.0 88.5 6.0 98 78.0 52.5 27.0 4 58.5 60.5 58 62.0 18.0
33 67.5 50.5 305 76.5 53.0 35.0 53 90.5 88.0 4.5 97 78.0 51.5 26.0 3 58.0 60.0 58 61.5 17.0

32 67.0 50.0 296 76.0 52.0 33.5 52 90.0 87.0 2.5 96 77.5 51.0 25.0 2 57.5 59.5 57 61.5 16.5
31 66.5 49.0 290 75.5 51.5 32.5 51 89.5 86.5 1.0 95 77.0 50.5 24.0 1 56.5 59.0 57 61.0 16.0
30 66.0 48.5 283 75.0 50.5 31.5

29 65.5 47.5 276 74.5 49.5 30.0

28 65.0 47.0 272 74.0 48.5 29.0
27 64.5 46.0 265 73.5 47.5 28.0 ROCKWELL-BRINELL CONVERSION TABLE
26 64.0 45.5 260 72.5 47.0 26.5 These conversion tables of Rockwell & equivalent Brinell hardness numbers show the
25 63.5 44.5 255 72.0 46.0 25.5 relationship between standard Brinell hardness numbers and the several Rockwell scales
24 63.0 44.0 248 71.5 45.0 24.0
including normal as well as superficial types. The latter are for testing thin sheet, light
23 62.5 43.0 245 71.0 44.0 23.0 carborized steel, etc. Conversion tables pertaining to hardness can only be approximate.
22 62.0 42.0 240 70.5 43.0 22.0 The U.S. Bureau of Standards has established formulas for determining the approximate
21 61.5 41.5 235 70.0 42.5 20.5
relationship between Rockwell and Brinell scales.
20 61.0 41.0 230 69.5 41.5 19.5
 CHOOSING HARDNESS SCALES
MAJOR BARREL
MATERIAL TO BE TESTED PENETRATOR SCALE LOAD (kg) DIAL
Extremely hard materials, Diamond A 60 C
tungsten carbide, thin steel
low case hardened steel
Medium hard materials, low 1/16" ball B 100 B
andmedium hardened steels,
brass,bronze, aluminum alloys,
malleable iron, etc.
Hardened steels, hardened Diamond C 150 C
and tempered alloys, hard cast
iron, pearlitic malleable iron, titanium
and other materials harder than B100
Medium case hardened steel, Diamond D 100 C
thin steel, and pearlitic malleable iron
Cast iron, aluminum and mag- 1/8" ball E 100 B
nesium alloy bearing metals
Annealed brass and copper 1/16" ball F 60 B
alloys; thin soft sheet metals

MAJOR BARREL

CHOOSING HARDNESS SCALES, cont’d

MATERIAL TO BE TESTED PENETRATOR SCALE LOAD (kg) DIAL
Beryllium copper, phosphor 1/16" ball G 150 B
bronze, malleable irons, etc.
Aluminum sheet, zinc, lead 1/8" ball H 60 B
Cast iron, aluminum alloys, 1/8" ball K 150 B
bearing materials
Plastics; thin materials, soft 1/4" ball L 60 B
metals such as lead 1/4" ball M 100 B
1/4" ball P 150 B
1/2" ball R 60 B
1/2" ball S 100 B
1/2" ball V 150 B
Hardened steels, shallow case Diamond 15N 15 N
hardened steels, hardened strip Diamond 30N 30 N
steels down to about .006 thick Diamond 45N 45 N
or where minimum surface dis-
tortion is desirable.
Soft steels, copper and alumi- 1/16" ball 15T 15 T
num alloys, etc., or where mini- 1/16" ball 45T 45 T
mum surface distortion is desirable.
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