PowerGen Europe, Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 06, 2013

The SGT-8000H after 2 years

of commercial operation
Autor: Armin Städtler, 8000H Product Manager
Co-Author: Willibald Fischer, Director, GT Product Management

Copyright © Siemens AG, 2013. All rights reserved.

 PowerGen Europe in Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 6, 2013

Abstract

The 8000H series has become a standard product in the Siemens portfolio. The first SGT5-
8000H based plant in Irsching is running already for about 2 years in commercial operation
while at the same time the first 60Hz versions are being commissioned and handed over to
customer. Thanks to an efficiency >60% and proven operational track record the SGT-8000H
fleet is growing fast - a result of a long term commitment and dedicated engineering work
from Siemens.

The 8000H program has come a long way: It started with the challenging goal to achieve
world class performance while maintaining a robust design base and ensuring low complexi-
ty, e.g. to go for a air cooled design as a main contributor for high operational flexibility - a
topic that has become very important for future combined cycle generation. The design phase
was followed by the intense 18 month prototype testing in Irsching, the erection of a 1S plant
around the SGT5-8000H and re-confirmation of the gas turbine design in the combined cycle
commissioning and testing phase – including successful validation of fast starts, large instan-
taneous load changes, high efficiency of 60.75% (plant, net) and low emissions at part load.
Commercial operation started in July 2011 with the gas turbine of course under close monitor-
ing by Siemens experts - the highlights and recent status are presented.
Finally the validation of the 60Hz version in the Berlin Testing Facility during the year
2011/12 is covered. The proven direct scaling method of Siemens generates a physical simi-
larity between SGT5- and 6-8000H that does not necessarily require intense product valida-
tion. Nevertheless Siemens decided that a thorough test program shall be undergone also on
the SGT6-8000H in order to ensure that already the first 60Hz customers will receive a ma-
ture product right from the beginning. The 6-8000H test results are confirming the SGT5-
8000H design base, proving the maturity of the SGT-8000H series.

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 PowerGen Europe in Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 6, 2013

Introduction

The global Energy market has changed significantly:

State owned utilities/power production monopolys have become an exception while
the private power sector significantly increased it’s generation capacity – be it large
(semi)private utilities or small to medium IPP’s; all with different business models,
priorities and focus, challenging the OEMs regarding the bandwith of their product
portfolio.
CO2-reduction targets have led - and will lead - to massive additions of renewable en-
ergy in many grids, resulting in drastically changed operation regimes of fossil power
generation and subsequent impact on the power producers business models.
The so-called “excess gas/oil production countries” have changed their view on do-
mestic gas consumption and put increasing focus on energy efficiency in order to se-
cure the future income from fossil fuel sales.
Shale gas exploration and exploitation and thus the massive increase of available fuel
gas ressources has led to decrease of gas price in some markets; e.g. the USA is on its
way to export more gas than to import
The number of OEM-independent EPC companies capable to execute large power
plant projects increased significantly
During the introduction of F-class engines in the 1990s OEMs, EPC contractors, pow-
er producers as well as finance and insurance industry faced significant challenges due
to immature product roll-outs. This increased the risk awareness and tendency to risk
avoidance with regards to new technology – a challenge to OEMs as the requirement
for more competitive products requires new designs
Looking ahead, it is for sure that some market trends will continue, like the increasd focus on
efficiency in gas/oil production countries. Or e.g the European trend regarding CO2 reduction,
which will foster smart grid applications, the transition from pure electricity consumers to
socalled “prosumers” etc. – even if it is unclear what the impact on the future of large scale
combined cycle generation is. Other trends are even more unclear, like gas price development
or e.g. the impact of political changes on the power sector.

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 PowerGen Europe in Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 6, 2013

For sure however is that the Siemens SGT-8000H series is the right fit for current and future
market requirements:
Positioned at the top end of the Siemens Gas Turbine portfolio (Picture 1) due to ece-
onomy of size a 8000H plant can be built at a similar €/kw compared to F-class while
delivering significantly higher efficiency.
The engine design is based primarily on combination and enhancement of proven
Siemens and Westinghouse design heritage (Picture 2) instead of extensive applica-
tion of new technologies, thus reducing the application risk of this high-performance
product while benefitting insurability and financing.
The purely on-board air-cooling design ensures high operational flexibility while also
allowing for easy product integration for EPCs due to no interfaces to water-steam-
cycle - while still enabling for combined efficiencies of >60% net. (Picture 3)
The conservative market introduction approach with intense validation before the start
of commercial offering ensured that Siemens gathered sufficient operational experi-
ence before even the first commercial projects enter operation, ensuring smooth erec-
tion, commission and commercial handover of these units.

The long path to achieve 60% net efficiency

The 8000H program was initiated already in the year 2000, right after the merger from Sie-
mens and Westinghouse. Targets of the program were beyond others: to establish a new
common product line based on the best features of the two different design heritages; to in-
clude the learnings from the F-class introduction in the design and validation approach; to
focus primarily on evolutionary enhancement of existing design features; to develop a robust
and uncomplicated design that eases service activities; and finally to develop a gas turbine
capable of >60% net combined cycle efficiency. Thus the special challenge was to meet the
efficiency goal without adding significant new technologies to the frame. To understand this
challenge it must be noted that at that time the best available net efficiencies were in the range
of 58% and intense use of steam cooling was said to be the only possible way to achieve
higher efficiencies. The development team took up this challenge and after the design phase
the first SGT5-8000H was assembled – a purely air-cooled gas turbine, designed tobe capa-
ble of >60% combined cycle net efficiency. The GT was then shipped to the Irsching test site
(located in Bavaria close to the city of Ingolstadt), the site at that time being under full Sie-

Copyright © Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. 4

 PowerGen Europe in Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 6, 2013

mens ownership, control and responsibility (e.g. fuel purchasing, permitting, power-off taking
etc.). The engine was first fired in December 2007, followed by an intensive testing phase
until August 2009. By then the gas turbine performance was validated and hardware integrity
was proven; in parallel the combined cycle design was finalised. After transition of the
Irsching site from a Siemens owned simple cycle prototype setup to a standard commercial
customer owned combined cycle facility the hot commissioning started in January 2011. Be-
sides the standard commissioning activities there was special focus on the complete turboset
and plant, attributed to the fact that the SCC5-8000H 1S powers a significantly larger single
shaft plant compared to previous F-class sizes. During this phase topics like fast start/hot re-
start capability or UK grid code compliance were validated, proving the high operational flex-
ibilty of the 8000H system. Finally in a combined cycle test run under full load conditions,
witnessed by TÜV, the world record efficiency of 60.75% (plant, net) could be verified (Pic-
ture 4) – the final reward of more than 10 years of dedicated individual contribution of nu-
merous Siemens employees.
Since July 2011 the first SCC5-8000H 1S plant Irsching 4 –renamed to “Kraftwerk Ulrich
Hartmann” - is in commercial operation under full customer responsibility and control. It is
operated according grid dispatch needs, meaning mainly daily start-stop operation and opera-
tion in load following mode. Regular inspections have repeatedly revealed excellent condition
of the overall engine, including the hot gas path parts. So after two years of commercial oper-
ation it can be concluded that the SGT-8000H series does not only achieve world class per-
formance and flexibility but also represents a robust and reliable design.

Validation Strategy and Results

The whole power industry – OEMs, customers, EPCs as well as financing and insurers –
faced significant challenges during F-class introduction in the 90s. As a consequence Siemens
decided to limit the risk exposure to its clients for the next gas turbine generation, so the
8000H program had from the very beginning a strong focus on Siemens in-house validation.
Already during the design phase numerous individual parts, sub-system and system validation
tests have been conducted, e.g. low pressure and high pressure combustion testing. Testing
was done in test rigs but partly already in a real engine. At that time a SGT6-5000F was in-
stalled in the Berlin Test Facility BTF within the gas turbine factory; this engine was modi-

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 PowerGen Europe in Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 6, 2013

fied to validate e.g. the compressor design. When it was evident that the individual designs
met their expectations their design was finalized and hardware manufacturing started.

SGT5-8000H validation
For the prototype testing at the Irsching site the engine was equipped with close to 3000 sen-
sors for all needs, thereof 600 on the rotor connected with corresponding telemetry: tempera-
tures, pressures, strain gages, accelerometers, clearances, blade vibration, flows and forces
were thoroughly monitored. A secured IT environment ensured real time data monitoring and
availability for Siemens specialists at locations in Mülheim (Germany) and Orlando/Jupiter
(USA). During the first 15 months all operation modes were tested, combustion fuel staging
settings for these were optimized and all thermodynamic parameters were checked and vali-
dated. With a thermal paint run the thermal surface temperature readings could be compared
with the design target to ensure that temperature profiles meet expectations and consequently
lifetime prediction of hot gas path parts will be met. In this time frame several inspections
were conducted; besides the validation activities these were also used to establish service and
outage experience and train service personnel. As an example, the scope of the thermal paint
test outage has a work scope comparable to a regulat extended hot gas path inspection.
Focus of the last test phase was endurance testing in semi-commercial operation according
grid dispatch, e.g. with daily start stop operation as well as several days of continuous opera-
tion, which finally proved commercial readiness (Picture 5). The prototype validation phase
ended in August 2009.
It was only at that time when Siemens officially started offering activities of the 8000H. The
first success was the order from Florida Power & Light (FPL) for their Cape Canaveral and
Riviera Beach sites in Florida, USA, followed by the order for Bugok 3 in South Korea.

SGT6-8000H validation
Following the SGT5-8000H design the development of a scaled 60Hz sister-engine was initi-
ated when the first positive results from testing in Irsching were available. In contrast to the
the common OEM approach to test only one type of a scaled engine design, Siemens decided
to fully test also the 60Hz Version of the 8000H. In general there are a lot of similarities be-
tween scaled engines in aerodynamics, stresses and thermodynamics; in case for the 8000H
even the same burner design was chosen with the difference the number of burners only (Pic-
ture 6) in order to ensure even transferability of combustion behavior from 50Hz to 60Hz and
vice versa. Still on a detailed level there small changes that potentially could bear some risk.

Copyright © Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. 6

 PowerGen Europe in Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 6, 2013

As with the SGT5-8000H, Siemens again intended to keep the introduction risk internal and
to ensure that the first commercial customer (FPL) would get an already validated and ma-
tured product. So the first SGT6-8000H was finally assembled in January 2011 and put to
testbed afterwards, which itself had undergone a major retrofit in parallel to gas turbine manu-
facturing. Unique feature of the Berlin Test Facility is the connection of the GT to a water
break instead of a generator, which allows to operate at 60Hz in a 50Hz environment but also
facilitates off-frequency operation to validate full engine Eigenfrequency/vibration behavior
(Picture 7). Besides the successful general validation of performance, emissions, thermody-
namic behavior and hardware integrity (also under off-speed conditions), one special focus
was to validate oil operation on the 8000H. The test results, including again thermal paint
testing with focus on hot gas path design, met the expectations, thus confirming the SGT6-
8000H but also re-confirming the design base SGT5-8000H. On a side note the BTF was also
refurbished with a standard GT control/protection logic (Siemens T3000), as also an imma-
ture I&C system can prevent reliable commissioning or operation of an engine. The system
was verified and optimised in order to ensure smooth transition of control parameters to
commercial sites.

Track record

Considering the fact that the SGT-8000H forms a new gas turbine frame and efficiency class,
the track record of the 8000H program is no less than remarkable:
The first fire date of the first SGT5-8000H during the simple cycle prototype operation phase
was achieved on schedule. The first base load operation was achieved only 9 operation days
after 1st synchronization. Later, also the combined cycle extension to a 1S configuration, sub-
sequent commissioning and finally handover for commercial operation was achieved on
schedule. During this phase of the 8000H program the SCC5-8000H 1S configuration was the
first plant ever to exceed the 60% efficiency barrier, meeting a world record efficiency of
60.75% (plant, net). By today the SGT5-8000H front runner engine at Irsching (Kraftwerk
Ulrich Hartmann) has been running commercially for already 2 years very successfully. It has
accumulated more than 600 starts and 12000 actual operating hours while demonstrating very
good reliability and availability.
The year 2013 will also see the first SGT6-8000H engines coming online. At the time of writ-
ing the first three units at Cape Canaveral site in Florida are on track to meet hand over date

Copyright © Siemens AG 2013. All rights reserved. 7

 PowerGen Europe in Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 6, 2013

to commercial operation in May 2013. This is remarkable, as the project is setup as a sole
product delivery business with only a one-digit number of Siemens supervision staff on site,
where all works are conducted by the main EPC contractor. This proves the maturity of the
whole 8000H system – engine design, quality of the installation and commissioning proce-
dures, interface documentation as well as the control system setup. It also demonstrates the
advantages of a the 8000H cooling air concept that allows easy plant integration by avoiding
interferences between the gas turbine systems and the water steam cycle.
Next unit will be Bugok 3 in a single shaft arrangement in South Korea, which has seen first
fire in March 2013 – again on schedule - and is forseen to enter commercial operation in Q3
2013.

Outlook

The 8000H series has seen a very thorough market introduction approach – with full valida-
tion (50 Hz) before the start of offering activities and full 60Hz validation before the first
commercial projects come online (Picture 8). Thanks to this huge effort the 8000H series will
become a lon-lasting commercial success for both Siemens and its customers, proven by the
number of 22 already sold units (at time of writing, Picture 9+10)) and the many more units
under negotiation. Driven by this success and the resulting expected increased bandwith of
customer enquiries, the development focus of the 8000H series did also include the establish-
ment of comprehensive package portfolio of associated generators, steam turbine models,
train configruations and related auxiliaries (Picture 11). So Siemens today can offer a solu-
tion for every customer need:
delivery scope ranging from pure component business (e.g Prai) up to full turnkey
EPC scope (e.g. Irsching, Lausward)
LP steam turbine tails for all backpressure requirements from direct cooling (e.g.
Irsching) to ACC
HP/IP steam turbine sections for live-steam temperatures of 565°C up to 600°C
single-shaft and multi-shaft arrangements for differet project sizes and space require-
ments
tailored solutions for steam extraction applications (e.g. Lausward)
right-sized generators for the various configurations

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 PowerGen Europe in Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 6, 2013

Summary

The Siemens 8000H series validation and introduction strategy has become a benchmark in
the power industry considering the minimization of risk exposure to even the first commercial
customers. This comparable conservative market introduction approach – with full validation
(50 Hz) before the start of offering activities and full 60Hz validation before the first com-
mercial projects come online – is one of the main pillars for securing both Siemens Fossil
Power Generation business as well as the customers business models.
The further pillars are:
proven efficiency level of >60% (plant, net)
proven excellent operational flexibility
proven reliability and availability
proven serviceability and maintainability of gas turbine and plant

As a result the 8000H series has become a commercial success with worldwide 22 already
sold units (at time of writing) as well as more units under negotiation. And it will prove – due
to portfolio options, excellent performance, flexibility and minised risk exposure to customers
– to become a success story for the 8000H customers of all markets or regions - as it has been
demonstrated already in the two years of commercial operation of the front runner installation
at Kraftwerk Ulrich Hartmann in Irsching.

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 PowerGen Europe in Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 6, 2013

Abbreviations

IPP - independent power producer

OEM - original equipment manufacturer
EPC - engineering, procurement, construction
SGT - Siemens Gas Turbine
SCC - Siemens Combined Cycle
BTF - Berlin Test Facility
LP - low pressure (steam)
IP - Intermediate pressure (steam)
HP - high pressure (steam)
1S - single shaft
I&C - instrumentation and control

References
[1] “Building the world’s largest gas turbine”, Modern Power Systems, Germany Supple-
ment 2006.
[2] P. Ratliff, P. Garbett, W. Fischer, “SGT5-8000H Größerer Kundennutzen durch die
neue Gasturbine von Siemens”, VGB PowerTech, September 2007
[3] Dr. R. Fischer, P. Ratliff, W. Fischer, “SGT5-8000H – Product Validation at Irsching
Test Center 4” Power-Gen Asia 2008
[4] R. Rudolph, R. Sunshine, M Woodhall, M. Haendler, “INNOVATIVE DESIGN
FEATURES OF THE SGT5-8000H TURBINE AND SECONDARY AIR SYSTEM”
ASME Turbo Expo, June 2009, Orlando, Florida, USA, GT2009-60137
[5] W. Fischer, S. Abens, “SGT5-8000H Design and Product Validation at Irsching 4 Test
Center”, VGP Power Tec 09/2009
[6] W. Fischer, “SGT5-8000H / IRSCHING 4: On The Way To 60% World Record Effi-
ciency And Path To 60 Hz SGT6-8000H”, 18th Conference of the Electric Power
Supply Industry (CEPSI), Taipei, Taiwan, Oct. 2010
[7] W. Fischer, „SCC5-8000H 1S / IRSCHING 4, On the way to 60% World Record”,
Power Gen Europe, Milan, June 2011
[8] Dr. K. Sfar, A. Städtler, “ Update on Siemens 8000H CCPP Technology and Opera-
tional Experience”, PowerGen Asia, Bangkok, October 2012

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 PowerGen Europe in Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 6, 2013

Siemens Large Scale Gas Turbines

Product Portfolio for 50 Hz and 60 Hz

SGT5-8000H 375
SGT5-4000F 292
SGT6-8000H 274
SGT6-5000F 208
SGT6-4000F 187
SGT5-2000E 168
SGT6-2000E 113
Output in MW @ ISO conditions

SGT5-8000H
04/2007

Direct scale
1 / 1,2
(50 / 60 Hz)

SGT6-8000H
01/2011

Picture 1

The SGT-8000H series

Harmonized engine concept

Siemens Design Westinghouse Design

• Single tie bolt • Turbine cylinder • Front hollow shaft • Can-Annular Combustion
• Compressor stator • Turbine vane carrier • Bearings • Turbine features
• HCO • Exit housing • Compressor cylinder • Turbine diffuser

The SGT-8000H concept uses proven features from

Siemens and Westinghouse design heritage
Picture 2

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 PowerGen Europe in Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 6, 2013

SGT-8000H series
Efficient & Flexible

Evolutionary 3D blading Advanced Can Annular

combustion system
4 stages of fast acting variable-
pitch guide vanes (VGV) allowing
for improved part load efficiency
and high load transients > 60% combined
cycle efficiency

Proven rotor design

(Hirth serration, 3D Four stage turbine with
central tie rod, internal advanced materials and
cooling air passages) thermal barrier coating
for world class fast
(cold) start and hot High cycling capability due
restart capability to fully internally air cooled
turbine section

Transient protection of clearances

HCO for reduced for reduced degradation with
clearance losses hydraulic clearance optimization Performance features
(HCO) active clearance control Flexibility features

Designed for >60% efficiency in combined cycle

and best in class operational flexibility
Picture 3

SGT-8000H series
Designed for World Record Efficiency

Picture 4

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 PowerGen Europe in Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 6, 2013

SGT5-8000H Irsching
Summary 2008-2009 Prototype Validation

1st fire achieved on

schedule
Stable and reliable ignition
from 1st start
Base load within 9 days of
operation from 1st
synchronisation
High starting reliability
already achieved very early
Overall integrity,
Performance, Emissions
confirmed
Endurance Testing

Hardware integrity, vibration, performance, emissions and operational flexibility

fully confirmed
Picture 5

SGT-8000H series
Direct scaling approach

16 burners
SGT5-8000H

Scaling rules 50Hz

to 60Hz version

50Hz 60Hz
Speed x 1.2

Dimensions / 1.2

Power, Mass Flow / 1.44

SGT6-8000H 12 burners
Stresses &
x 1.0
Temperatures

Efficiency x ~1.0

Picture 6

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 PowerGen Europe in Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 6, 2013

SGT6-8000H Validation
Berlin Test Facility

Picture 7

SGT-8000H series
Validation Approach

Program Launch – Concept Phase 01 Oct 2000

1st Fire of SGT5-8000H Dec 20, 2007
50Hz

SGT5-8000H Endurance test run (1200hrs) Jul-Aug 2009

SGT5-8000H Validation Phase completed Aug 28, 2009
Combined Cycle Commissioning, Irsching 4 Jan 08 – July 22, 2011
1st SGT6-8000H completed, Berlin Factory Jan 2011
60Hz

SGT6-8000H, Start Validation Phase, Berlin Test Facility July 21, 2011
SGT6-8000H Validation Phase complete Aug 17, 2012

design build validate customer SGT5-8000H

scale build validate customer SGT6-8000H

Siemens philosophy is to conduct thorough validation for a new engine

platform like 8000H – even for the scaled engine.
Picture 8

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 PowerGen Europe in Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 6, 2013

SGT6-8000H
References

2 x 3xSGT6-8000H 1 x SCC6-8000H 2x1

USA, FL Ansan (Posco E & C)
South Korea
Canaveral COD 05/2013
Riviera COD 05/2014 COD 10/2014

1 x SCC6-8000H 1S 1 x SCC6-8000H 1S
Bugok III (GS EPS) Daegu City
South Korea South Korea

COD 08/2013 COD 11/2014

1 x SCC6-8000H 1S 3 x SGT6-8000H
Andong (KOSPO) FPL Port Everglades
South Korea USA, FL

COD 03/2014 COD 05/2016

3 x SCC6-8000H 1S
POSCO Power
South Korea

COD 08/2014, 12/2014, 02/2015

Picture 9

SGT5-8000H
References

1 x SCC5-8000H 1S 2 x SCC5-8000H 1S
Irsching 4 Prai
Germany Malaysia
COD 07/2011 COD 01/2016

> 15.000 EOH

1 x SCC5-8000H 1S N.N.
Lausward, SWD
Germany

COD 09/2015

1 x SCC5-8000H 1S N.N.
Samsun
Turkey

COD 02/2015

SGT-8000H total: 22 units sold

Picture 10

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 PowerGen Europe in Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 6, 2013

8000H series
Configuration Overview

50 Hz 60 Hz

SGT-PAC 8000H 375 MW 274 MW

40 % 40 % SGT5/6-8000H

SCC-PAC 8000H 1S 570 MW 410 MW

SCC-PAC 8000H 1x1 > 60 % > 60 %

SCC-PAC 8000H 2x1 1.145 MW 824 MW

SCC5/6-8000H 1S
> 60 % > 60 %

SCC-PAC 8000H 3x1 -- 1.236 MW

-- > 60 %

SCC5/6-8000H 2x1

Picture 11

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 PowerGen Europe in Vienna, Austria, June 4 - 6, 2013

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