Chapter 7 PDF

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7–1. Determine (approximately) the force in each 50 kN 40 kN 20 kN

member of the truss. Assume the diagonals can support
either a tensile or a compressive force. F E D
3m
A C
B
Support Reactions. Referring to Fig. a,
3m 3m
a + a MA = 0; Cy(6) - 40(3) - 20(6) = 0 Cy = 40 kN
a + a MC = 0; 40(3) + 50(6) - Ay(6) = 0 Ay = 70 kN
+
: a Fx = 0; Ax = 0
Method of Sections. It is required that FBF = FAE = F1. Referring to Fig. b,
+ c a Fy = 0; 70 - 50 - 2F1 sin 45° = 0 F1 = 14.14 kN
Therefore,
FBF = 14.1 kN (T) FAE = 14.1 kN (C) Ans.
a + a MA = 0; FEF(3) - 14.14 cos 45°(3) = 0 FEF = 10.0 kN (C) Ans.
a + a MF = 0; FAB(3) - 14.14 cos 45°(3) = 0 FAB = 10.0 kN (T) Ans.
Also, FBD = FCE = F2. Referring to Fig. c,
+ c a Fy = 0; 40 - 20 - 2F2 sin 45° = 0 F2 = 14.14 kN
Therefore,
FBD = 14.1 kN (T) FCE = 14.1 kN (C) Ans.
a + a MC = 0; 14.14 cos 45°(3) - FDE(3) = 0 FDE = 10.0 kN (C) Ans.
a + a MD = 0; 14.14 cos 45°(3) - FBC(3) = 0 FBC = 10.0 kN (T) Ans.
Method of Joints.
Joint A: Referring to Fig. d,
+ c a Fy = 0; 70 - 14.14 sin 45° - FAF = 0 FAF = 60.0 kN (C) Ans.
Joint B: Referring to Fig. e,
+ c a Fy = 0; 14.14 sin 45° + 14.14 sin 45° - FBE = 0 FBE = 20.0 kN (C) Ans.
Joint C:
+ c a Fy = 0; 40 - 14.14 sin 45° - FCD = 0 FCD = 30.0 kN (C) Ans.
200
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently
7–1. Contiuned
7–2. Solve Prob. 7–1 assuming that the diagonals cannot

support a compressive force.
50 kN 40 kN 20 kN
F E D
3m
A C
B
3m 3m
a + a MA = 0; Cy(6) - 40(3) - 20(6) = 0 Cy = 40 kN
a + a MC = 0; 40(3) + 50(6) - Ay(6) = 0 Ay = 70 kN
+
: a Fx = 0; Ax = 0
Method of Sections. It is required that
FAE = FCE = 0 Ans.
201
7–2. Continued
Referring to Fig. b,
+ c a Fy = 0; 70 - 50 - FBF sin 45° = 0 FBF = 28.28 kN (T) = 28.3 kN (T) Ans.
a + a MA = 0; FEF(3) - 28.28 cos 45°(3) = 0 FEF = 20.0 kN (C) Ans.
a + a MF = 0 FAB(3) = 0 FAB = 0 Ans.
Referring to Fig. c,
+ c a Fy = 0; 40 - 20 - FBD sin 45° = 0 FBD = 28.28 kN (T) = 28.3 kN (T) Ans.
a + a MC = 0; 28.28 cos 45°(3) - FDE(3) = 0 FDE = 20.0 kN (C) Ans.
a + a MD = 0; -FBC(3) = 0 FBC = 0 Ans.
Method of Joints.
Joint A: Referring to Fig. d,
+ c a Fy = 0; 70 - FAF = 0 FAF = 70.0 kN (C) Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; 28.28 sin 45° + 28.28 sin 45° - FBE = 0
FBE = 40.0 kN (C) Ans.
Joint C: Referring to Fig. f,
+ c a Fy = 0; 40 - FCD = 0 FCD = 40.0 kN (C) Ans.
202
7–3. Determine (approximately) the force in each member 10 k 10 k 10 k 10 k

of the truss. Assume the diagonals can support either a tensile
or a compressive force. H G F E
5k
20 ft
A D
B C
20 ft 20 ft 20 ft
VPanel = 8.33 k
Assume VPanel is carried equally by FHB and FAG, so
8.33
2
FHB = = 5.89 k (T) Ans.
cos 45°
8.33
2
FAG = = 5.89 k (C) Ans.
cos 45°
Joint A:
a Fx = 0;
+
: FAB - 5 - 5.89 cos 45° = 0; FAB = 9.17 k (T) Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; -FAH + 18.33 - 5.89 sin 45° = 0; FAH = 14.16 k (C) Ans.
Joint H:
a Fx = 0;
+
: -FHG + 5.89 cos 45° = 0; FHG = 4.17 k (C) Ans.
VPanel = 1.667 k
1.667
2
FGC = = 1.18 k (C) Ans.
cos 45°
1.667
2
FBF = = 1.18 k (T) Ans.
cos 45°
Joint G:
a Fx = 0;
+
: 4.17 + 5.89 cos 45° - 1.18 cos 45° - FGF = 0
FGF = 7.5 k (C) Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; -10 + FGB + 5.89 sin 45° + 1.18 sin 45° = 0
FGB = 5.0 k (C) Ans.
203
7–3. Continued
Joint B:
a Fx = 0;
+
: FBC + 1.18 cos 45° - 9.17 - 5.89 cos 45° = 0
FBC = 12.5 k (T) Ans.
VPanel = 21.667 - 10 = 11.667 k
11.667
2
FEC = = 8.25 k (T) Ans.
cos 45°
11.567
2
FDF = = 8.25 k (C) Ans.
cos 45°
Joint D:
a Fx = 0;
+
: FCD = 8.25 cos 45° = 5.83 k (T) Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; 21.667 - 8.25 sin 45° - FED = 0
FED = 15.83 k (C) Ans.
Joint E:
a Fx = 0;
+
: 5 + FFE - 8.25 cos 45° = 0
FFE = 0.833 k (C) Ans.
Joint C:
+ c a Fy = 0; -FFC + 8.25 sin 45° - 1.18 sin 45° = 0
FFC = 5.0 k (C) Ans.
*7–4. Solve Prob. 7–3 assuming that the diagonals cannot 10 k 10 k 10 k 10 k

H G F E
5k
20 ft
A D
B C
VPanel = 8.33 k 20 ft 20 ft 20 ft
FAG = 0 Ans.
8.33
FHB = = 11.785 = 11.8 k Ans.
sin 45°
Joint A:
a Fx = 0; FAB = 5 k (T)
+
: Ans.
204
7–4. Continued
+ c a Fy = 0; FAN = 18.3 k (C) Ans.
Joint H:
a Fx = 0;
+
: 11.785 cos 45° - FHG = 0
FHG = 8.33 k (C) Ans.
VPanel = 1.667 k
FGC = 0 Ans.
1.667
FBF = = 2.36 k (T) Ans.
sin 45°
Joint B:
a Fx = 0;
+
: FBC + 2.36 cos 45° - 11.785 cos 45° - 5 = 0
FBC = 11.7 k (T) Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; - FGB + 11.785 sin 45° + 2.36 sin 45° = 0
FGB = 10 k (C) Ans.
Joint G:
a Fx = 0;
+
: FGF = 8.33 k (C) Ans.
VPanel = 11.667 k
FDF = 0 Ans.
11.667
FEC = = 16.5 k (T) Ans.
sin 45°
Joint D:
a Fx = 0;
+
: FCD = 0 Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; FED = 21.7 k (C) Ans.
Joint E:
a Fx = 0;
+
: FEF + 5 - 16.5 cos 45° = 0
FEF = 6.67 k (C) Ans.
Joint F:
+ c a Fy = 0; FFC - 10 - 2.36 sin 45° = 0
FFC = 11.7 k (C) Ans.
205
7–5. Determine (approximately) the force in each member 7k 14 k 14 k 7k

of the truss. Assume the diagonals can support either a tensile
or a compressive force. H G F E
2k
6 ft
A D
B C
8 ft 8 ft 8 ft
Support Reactions. Referring to, Fig. a
a Fx = 0;
+
: Ax - 2 = 0 Ax = 2 k
a + a MA = 0; Dy(24) + 2(6) - 7(24) - 14(16) - 14(8) = 0 Dy = 20.5 k
a + a MD = 0; 14(8) + 14(16) + 7(24) + 2(6) - Ay(24) = 0 Ay = 21.5 k
Method of Sections. It is required that FBH = FAG = F1. Referring to Fig. b,
+ c a Fy = 0; 21.5 - 7 - 2F1 a b = 0 F1 = 12.08 k

3
5
Therefore,
FBH = 12.1 k (T) FAG = 12.1 k (C) Ans.
a + a MH = 0; FAB(6) + 2(6) - 12.08a b (6) = 0 FAB = 7.667 k (T) = 7.67 k (T) Ans.
4
5
a + a MA = 0; FGH(6) - 12.08a b(6) = 0 FGH = 9.667 k (C) = 9.67 k (C)
4
Ans.
5
It is required that FCG = FBF = F2. Referring to Fig. c,
+ c a Fy = 0; 21.5 - 7 - 14 - 2F2 a b = 0 F2 = 0.4167 k

3
5
206
7–5. Continued
Therefore,
FCG = 0.417 k (T) FBF = 0.417 k (C) Ans.
a + a MB = 0; FFG(6) - 0.4167 a b (6) + 7(8) - 21.5(8) = 0

4
5
FFG = 19.67 k (C) = 19.7 k (C) Ans.
a + a MG = 0; FBC(6) + 7(8) + 2(6) - 21.5(8) - 0.4167 a b(6) = 0

4
5
FBC = 17.67 k (T) = 17.7 k (T) Ans.
It is required that FCE = FDF = F3. Referring to Fig. d
+ c a Fy = 0; 20.5 - 7 - 2F3 a b = 0 F3 = 11.25 k

3
5
Therefore,
FCE = 11.25 k (T) FDF = 11.25 k (C) Ans.
a + a MD = 0; 2(6) + 11.25 a b(6) - FEF(6) = 0 FEF = 11.0 k (C)

4
Ans.
5
a + a ME = 0; 11.25(0.8)(6) - FCD(6) = 0 FCD = 9.00 k (T) Ans.
Method of Joints.
Joint A: Referring to Fig. e,

+ c a Fy = 0; 21.5 - 12.08 a b - FAH = 0 FAH = 14.25 k (C)
3
Ans.
5
Joint B: Referring to Fig. f,

+ c a Fy = 0; 12.08 a b - 0.4167 a b - FBG = 0 FBG = 7.00 k (C)
3 3
Ans.
5 5
Joint C: Referring Fig. g,

+ c a Fy = 0; 11.25 a b + 0.4167 a b - FCF = 0 FCF = 7.00 k (C)
3 3
5 5
207
7–5. Continued
Joint D: Referring to Fig. h,

+ c a Fy = 0; 20.5 - 11.25a b - FDE = 0
3
5
FDE = 13.75 k Ans.
7–6. Solve Prob. 7–5 assuming that the diagonals cannot 7k 14 k 14 k 7k

H G F E
2k
6 ft
A D
B C
8 ft 8 ft 8 ft
a Fx = 0;
+
: Ax - 2 = 0 Ax = 2 k
a + a MA = 0; Dy(24) + 2(6) - 7(24) - 14(16) - 14(8) = 0 Dy = 20.5 k
a + a MD = 0; 14(8) + 14(16) + 7(24) + 2(6) - Ay(24) = 0 Ay = 21.5 k

FAG = FBF = FDF = 0 Ans.
21.5 - 7 - FBH a b = 0
3
+ c a Fy = 0; FBH = 24.17 k (T) = 24.2 k (T) Ans.
5
a + a MA = 0; FGH(6) - 24.17a b(6) = 0 FGH = 19.33 k (C) = 19.3 k (C)

4
5
Ans.
a + a MH = 0; 2(6) - FAB(6) = 0 FAB = 2.00 k (C) Ans.
208
7–6. Continued
Referring to Fig. c
+ c a Fy = 0; 21.5 - 7 - 14 - FCG a b = 0 FCG = 0.8333 k (T) = 0.833 k (T)

3
Ans.
5
a + a MB = 0; FFG(6) + 7(8) - 21.5(8) - 0.8333a b(6) = 0

4
5
FFG = 20.0 k (C) Ans.
a + a MG = 0; FBC(6) + 7(8) + 2(6) - 21.5(8) = 0 FBC = 17.33 k (T) = 17.3 k (T) Ans.
Referring to Fig. d,
+ c a Fy = 0; 20.5 - 7 - FCE a b = 0 FCE = 22.5 k (T)

3
Ans.
5
a + a MD = 0; 2(6) + 22.5 a b(6) - FEF(6) = 0 FEF = 20.0 kN (C)

4
Ans.
5
a + a ME = 0; -FCD(6) = 0 FCD = 0 Ans.
Method of Joints.
Joint A: Referring to Fig. e,
+ c a Fy = 0; 21.5 - FAH = 0 FAH = 21.5 k (C) Ans.
Joint B: Referring to Fig. f,
+ c a Fy = 0; 24.17 a b - FBG = 0 FBG = 14.5 k (C)

3
Ans.
5
Joint C: Referring to Fig. g,
+ c a Fy = 0; 0.8333 a b + 22.5 a b - FCF = 0 FCF = 14.0 k (C)

3 3
Ans.
5 5
Joint D: Referring to Fig. h,
+ c a Fy = 0; 20.5 - FDE = 0 FDE = 20.5 k (C) Ans.
209
7–6. Continued
210
7–7. Determine (approximately) the force in each member of the truss. 2m 2m

Assume the diagonals can support either a tensile or compressive force.
F E D
1.5 m
A B C
4 kN
8 kN
Assume FBD = FEC
+ c a Fy = 0; 2FEC a b - 4 = 0
1.5
2.5
FEC = 3.333 kN = 3.33 kN (T) Ans.
FBD = 3.333 kN = 3.33 kN (C) Ans.
a + a MC = 0; FED(1.5) - a b(3.333)(1.5) = 0
2
2.5
FED = 2.67 kN (T) Ans.
a Fx = 0; FBC = 2.67 kN (C)

+
: Ans.
Joint C:
b - 4 = 0
1.5
+ c a Fy = 0; FCD + 3.333a
2.5
FCD = 2.00 kN (T) Ans.
Assume FFB = FAE
+ c a Fy = 0; 2FFB a b - 8 - 4 = 0
1.5
2.5
FFB = 10.0 kN (T) Ans.
FAE = 10.0 kN (C) Ans.
a + a MB = 0; FFE(1.5) - 10.0 a b (1.5) - 4(2) = 0

2
2.5
FFE = 13.3 kN (T) Ans.
a Fx = 0; FAB = 13.3 kN (C)

+
: Ans.
Joint B:
+ c a Fy = 0; FBE + 10.0 a b - 3.333 a b - 8 = 0

1.5 1.5
2.5 2.5
FBE = 4.00 kN (T) Ans.
Joint A:
+ c a Fy = 0; FAF - 10.0 a b = 0
1.5
2.5
FAF = 6.00 kN (T) Ans.
211
*7–8. Solve Prob. 7–7 assuming that the diagonals cannot 2m 2m

support a compressive force. E D
F
1.5 m
A B C
4 kN
8 kN
Assume FBD = 0 Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; FEC a b - 4 = 0
1.5
2.5
FEC = 6.667 kN = 6.67 kN (T) Ans.
a + a MC = 0; FED = 0 Ans.
a Fx = 0; FBC - 6.667 a 2.5 b = 0

+ 2
:
FBC = 5.33 kN (C) Ans.
Joint D:
From Inspection:
FCD = 0 Ans.
Assume FAE = 0 Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; FFB a b - 8 - 4 = 0
1.5
2.5
FFB = 20.0 kN (T) Ans.
a + a MB = 0; FFE(1.5) - 4(2) = 0
FFE = 5.333 kN = 5.33 kN (T) Ans.
a Fx = 0; FAB - 5.333 - 20.0 a 2.5 b = 0

+ 2
:
FAB = 21.3 kN (C) Ans.
Joint B:
- FBE - 8 + 20.0 a b = 0
1.5
+ c a Fy = 0;
2.5
FBE = 4.00 kN (T) Ans.
Joint A:
+ c a Fy = 0; FAF = 0 Ans.
212
7–9. Determine (approximately) the force in each member E

of the truss. Assume the diagonals can support both tensile 1.5 k
and compressive forces.
15 ft
F 2k
D
15 ft
Method of Sections. It is required that FCF = FDG = F1. Referring to Fig. a,
G 2k
C
a Fx = 0; 2F1 sin 45° - 2 - 1.5 = 0 F1 = 2.475 k
+
:
15 ft
Therefore,
FCF = 2.48 k (T) FDG = 2.48 k (C) Ans. A B
a + a MD = 0; 1.5(15) + 2.475 cos 45° (15) - FFG(15) = 0 15 ft
FFG = 3.25 k (C) Ans.
a + a MF = 0; 1.5(15) + 2.475 cos 45° (15) - FCD(15) = 0
FCD = 3.25 k (T) Ans.
It is required that FBG = FAC = F2. Referring to Fig. b,
a Fx = 0; 2F2 sin 45° - 2 - 2 - 1.5 = 0 F2 = 3.889 k

+
:
Therefore,
FBG = 3.89 k (T) FAC = 3.89 k (C) Ans.
a + a MG = 0; 1.5(30) + 2(15) + 3.889 cos 45° (15) - FBC(15) = 0
FBC = 7.75 k (T) Ans.
a + a MC = 0; 1.5(30) + 2(15) + 3.889 cos 45° (15) - FAG(15) = 0
FAG = 7.75 k (C) Ans.
Method of Joints.
Joint E: Referring to Fig. c,
a Fx = 0; FEF cos 45° - 1.5 = 0 FEF = 2.121 k (C) = 2.12 k (C)

+
: Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; 2.121 sin 45° - FDE = 0 FDE = 1.50 k (T) Ans.
Joint F: Referring to Fig. d,
a Fx = 0; 2.475 sin 45° - 2.121 cos 45° - FDF = 0

+
:
FDF = 0.250 k (C) Ans.
213
7–9. Continued
Joint G: Referring to Fig. e,
a Fx = 0; 3.889 sin 45° - 2.475 cos 45° - FCG = 0

+
:
FCG = 1.00 k (C) Ans.
Joint A: Referring to Fig. f,
a Fx = 0; FAB - 3.889 cos 45° = 0

+
:
FAB = 2.75 k Ans.
214
7–10. Determine (approximately) the force in each member E

of the truss. Assume the diagonals DG and AC cannot 1.5 k
15 ft
F 2k
D
15 ft

G 2k
C
FDG = FAC = 0 Ans.
Referring to Fig. a, 15 ft
B
a Fx = 0; FCF sin 45° - 1.5 - 2 = 0 FCF = 4.950 k (T) = 4.95 k (T) Ans.
+
: A
a + a MF = 0; 1.5(15) - FCD(15) = 0 FCD = 1.50 k (T) Ans. 15 ft
a + a MD = 0; 1.5(15) + 4.950 cos 45°(15) - FFG(15) = 0
FFG = 5.00 k (C) Ans.
a Fx = 0; FBG sin 45° - 2 - 2 - 1.5 = 0 FBG = 7.778 k (T) = 7.78 k (T)

+
:
Ans.
a + a MG = 0; 1.5(30) + 2(15) - FBC(15) = 0 FBC = 5.00 k (T) Ans.
a + a MC = 0; 1.5(30) + 2(15) + 7.778 cos 45° - FAG(15) = 0
FAG = 10.5 k (C) Ans.
Method of Joints.
a Fx = 0; FEF cos 45° - 1.5 = 0 FEF = 2.121 k (C) = 2.12 k (C)

+
: Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; 2.121 sin 45° - FDE = 0 FDE = 1.50 k (T) Ans.
Joint F: Referring to Fig. d,
a Fx = 0; 4.950 sin 45° - 2.121 cos 45° - FDF = 0 FDF = 2.00 k (C) Ans.
+
:
Joint G: Referring to Fig. e,
a Fx = 0; 7.778 sin 45° - FCG = 0 FCG = 5.50 k (C)

+
: Ans.
Joint A: Referring to Fig. f,
a Fx = 0; FAB = 0
+
: Ans.
215
7–10. Continued
216
7–11. Determine (approximately) the force in each 1.5 m

member of the truss. Assume the diagonals can support E D
either a tensile or compressive force. 8 kN
2m
10 kN C
Method of Sections. It is required that FCE = FDF = F1. Referring to Fig. a, F
a Fx = 0; 8 - 2F1 a 5 b = 0 F1 = 6.667 kN
+ 3
:
2m
Therefore,
FCE = 6.67 kN (C) FDF = 6.67 kN (T) Ans.
a + a ME = 0; FCD(1.5) - 6.667 a b (1.5) = 0 FCD = 5.333 kN (C) = 5.33 kN (C)

4 A
5 B
Ans.
a + a MD = 0; FEF(1.5) - 6.667 a b(1.5) = 0 FEF = 5.333 kN (T) = 5.33 kN (T)

4
5
Ans.
It is required that FBF = FAC = F2 Referring to Fig. b,
a Fx = 0; 8 + 10 - 2F2 a 5 b = 0 F2 = 15.0 kN
+ 3
:
Therefore,
FBF = 15.0 kN (C) FAC = 15.0 kN (T) Ans.
a + a MF = 0; FBC(1.5) - 15.0 a b (1.5) - 8(2) = 0

4
5
FBC = 22.67 kN (C) = 22.7 kN (C) Ans.
a + a MC = 0; FAF(1.5) - 15.0 a b(1.5) - 8(2) = 0

4
5
FAF = 22.67 kN (T) = 22.7 kN (T) Ans.
Method of Joints.
Joint D: Referring to Fig. c,
a Fx = 0; FDE - 6.667 a 5 b = 0 FDE = 4.00 kN (C)

+ 3
: Ans.
Joint C: Referring to Fig. d,
a Fx = 0; FCF + 6.667a 5 b - 15.0 a 5 b = 0 FCF = 5.00 kN (C)

+ 3 3
: Ans.
a Fx = 0; 15.0 a 5 b - FAB = 9.00 kN (T)

+ 3
: Ans.
217
7–11. Continued
218
*7–12. Determine (approximately) the force in each 1.5 m

member of the truss. Assume the diagonals cannot support E D
a compressive force. 8 kN
2m
10 kN C
Method of Sections. It is required that F
FCE = FBF = 0 Ans.
Referring to Fig. a,
2m
a Fx = 0; 8 - FDF a 5 b = 0 FDF = 13.33 kN (T) = 13.3 kN (T)

+ 3
: Ans.
a + a ME = 0; FCD(1.5) - 13.33 a b (1.5) = 0 FCD = 10.67 kN (C) = 10.7 kN (C)

4 A
5 B
Ans.
a + a MD = 0; FEF(1.5) = 0 FEF = 0 Ans.
a Fx = 0; 8 + 10 - FAC a 5 b = 0 FAC = 30.0 kN (T)

+ 3
: Ans.
a + a MC = 0; FAF(1.5) - 8(2) = 0 FAF = 10.67 kN (T) Ans.
a + a MF = 0; FBC(1.5) - 30.0 a b (1.5) - 8(2) = 0

4
5
FBC = 34.67 kN (C) = 34.7 kN (C) Ans.
Method of Joints.
a Fx = 0; 8 - FDE = 0 FDE = 8.00 kN (C)

+
: Ans.
Joint C: Referring to Fig. d,
a Fx = 0; FCF - 30.0 a 5 b = 0 FCF = 18.0 kN (C)

+ 3
: Ans.
a Fx = 0; FAB = 0
+
: Ans.
219
7–12. Continued
220
7–13. Determine (approximately) the internal moments 3 kN/m

at joints A and B of the frame.
E F G H
6m
A B C D
The frame can be simplified to that shown in Fig. a, referring to Fig. b, 6m 8m 6m
a + a MA = 0; MA - 7.2(0.6) - 3(0.6)(0.3) = 0 MA = 4.86 kN # m Ans.
a + a MB = 0; MB - 9.6(0.8) - 3(1.4)(0.1) + 7.2(0.6) = 0
MB = 3.78 kN # m Ans.
221
7–14. Determine (approximately) the internal moments 400 lb/ft

at joints F and D of the frame.
F D
E
A B C
a + a MF = 0; MF - 0.6(0.75) - 2.4(1.5) = 0 15 ft 20 ft
MF = 4.05 k # ft Ans.
a + a MD = 0; - MD + 0.8(1) + 3.2(2) = 0
MD = 7.20 k # ft Ans.
222
7–15. Determine (approximately) the internal moment at 5 kN/m

A caused by the vertical loading.
E D
9 kN/m
C
F
The frame can be simplified to that shown in Fig. a, Referring to Fig. b,
a + a MA = 0; MA - 5(0.8)(0.4) - 16(0.8) - 9(0.8)(0.4) - 28.8(0.8) = 0
MA = 40.32 kN # m = 40.3 kN # m Ans.

A B
8m
223
*7–16. Determine (approximately) the internal moments 3 kN/m

at A and B caused by the vertical loading.
G F
5 kN/m L K 5 kN/m
The frame can be simplified to that shown in Fig. a. The reactions of the
3 kN/m and 5 kN/m uniform distributed loads are shown in Fig. b and c H I J E
respectively. Referring to Fig. d,
a + a MA = 0; MA - 3(0.8)(0.4) - 9.6(0.8) - 5(0.8)(0.4) - 16(0.8) = 0 A B C D
8m 8m 8m
MA = 23.04 kN # m = 23.0 kN # m Ans.
Referring to Fig. e,
a + a MB = 0; 9.60(0.8) - 9.60(0.8) + 5(0.8)(0.4) + 16(0.8) - MB = 0
MB = 14.4 kN # m Ans.
224
7–17. Determine (approximately) the internal moments 0.5 k/ft

at joints I and L. Also, what is the internal moment at joint
H caused by member HG? I L
J K
1.5 k/ft 1.5 k/ft
H E
G F
Joint I:
a + a MI = 0; MI - 1.0(1) - 4.0(2) = 0
A B C D
MI = 9.00 k # ft Ans.
20 ft 40 ft 30 ft
Joint L:
a + a ML = 0; ML - 6.0(3) - 1.5(1.5) = 0
ML = 20.25 k # ft Ans.
Joint H:
a + a MH = 0; MH - 3.0(1) - 12.0(2) = 0
MH = 27.0 k # ft Ans.
225
7–18. Determine (approximately) the support actions at 400 lb/ft

A, B, and C of the frame.
F H
G
1200 lb/ ft
D E
A B C
15 ft 20 ft
Ax = 0 Bx = 0 Cx = 0 Ans.
Ay = 12 k By = 16 k Cy = 4 k Ans.
MA = 16.2 k # ft MB = 9 k # ft MC = 7.2 k # ft Ans.
226
7–19. Determine (approximately) the support reactions 12 kN D C

at A and B of the portal frame. Assume the supports are
(a) pinned, and (b) fixed.
6m
For printed base, referring to Fig. a and b,
a + a MA = 0; Ex(6) + Ey(2) - 12(6) = 0 (1)

A B
a + a MB = 0; Ey(6) - Ex(6) = 0 (2)

4m
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) yield
Ey = 18.0 kN Ex = 6.00 kN
a Fx = 0;
+
: 12 - 6.00 - Ax = 0 Ax = 6.00 kN Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; 18.0 - Ay = 0 Ay = 18.0 kN Ans.
a Fx = 0;
+
: 6.00 - Bx = 0 Bx = 6.00 kN Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; By - 18.0 = 0 By = 18.0 kN Ans.
For the fixed base, referring to Fig. c and d,
a + a ME = 0; Fx(3) + Fy(2) - 12(3) = 0 (1)
a + a MG = 0; Fy(2) - Fx(3) = 0 (2)
Solving Eqs (1) and (2) yields,
Fy = 9.00 kN Fx = 6.00 kN
a Fx = 0;
+
: 12 - 6.00 - Ex = 0 Ex = 6.00 kN
+ c a Fy = 0; 9.00 - Ey = 0 Ey = 9.00 kN
Referring to Fig. d,
a Fx = 0;
+
: 6.00 - Gx = 0 Gx = 6.00 kN
+ c a Fy = 0; Gy - 9.00 = 0 Gy = 9.00 kN
227
7–19. Continued
Referring to Fig. e,
a Fx = 0;
+
: 6.00 - Ax = 0 Ax = 6.00 kN Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; 9.00 - Ay = 0 Ay = 9.00 kN Ans.
a + a MA = 0; MA - 6.00(3) = 0 MA = 18.0 kN # m Ans.
Referring to Fig. f,
a Fx = 0;
+
: 6.00 - Bx = 0 Bx = 6.00 kN Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; By - 9.00 = 0 By = 9.00 kN Ans.
a + a MB = 0; MB - 6.00(3) = 0 MB = 18.0 kN # m Ans.
228
*7–20. Determine (approximately) the internal moment b

and shear at the ends of each member of the portal frame. B C
Assume the supports at A and D are partially fixed, such P
that an inflection point is located at h/3 from the bottom of
each column.
A D
Gy(b) - Pa b = 0
2h
a + a MB = 0;
3
b
2h
Gy = Pa
3b
2Ph
+ c a Fy = 0; Ey = = 0
3b
2Ph
Ey =
3b
a b =
P h Ph
MA = MD = Ans.
2 3 6
a b =
P 2h Ph
MB = MC = Ans.
2 3 3
Member BC:
2Ph
VB = VC = Ans.
3b
Members AB and CD:

P
VA = VB = VC = VD = Ans.
2
229
7–21. Draw (approximately) the moment diagram for 1.5 ft

7 ft
1.5 ft
member ACE of the portal constructed with a rigid member
EG and knee braces CF and DH. Assume that all points of 500 lb E G
connection are pins. Also determine the force in the knee 1.5 ft
F H
brace CF.
C D
Inflection points are at A and B.

6 ft
From FBD (1):
a + a MB = 0; Ay(10) - 500(7.5) = 0; Ay = 375 lb

A B
From FBD (2):
a + a ME = 0; 250(7.5) - FCF(sin 45°)(1.5) = 0; FCF = 1.77 k(T) Ans.
a Fx = 0;
+
: -250 + 1767.8(sin 45°) + 500 - Ex = 0
Ex = 1500 lb
*7–22. Solve Prob. 7–21 if the supports at A and B are 1.5 ft

7 ft
1.5 ft
fixed instead of pinned.
500 lb E G
F H
1.5 ft
Inflection points are as mid-points of columns C D
a + a MI = 0; Jy(10) - 500(3.5) = 0; Jy = 175 lb

6 ft
+ c a Fy = 0; -Iy + 175 = 0; Iy = 175 lb
A B
a + a ME = 0; 250(4.5) - FCE(sin 45°)(1.5) = 0; FCE = 1.06 k(T) Ans.
a Fx = 0;
+
: 500 + 1060.66(sin 45°) - 250 - Ex = 0;
Ex = 1.00 k
230
7–23. Determine (approximately) the force in each truss 8 ft 8 ft

member of the portal frame. Also find the reactions at the G F
2k
fixed column supports A and B. Assume all members of the
truss to be pin connected at their ends.
6 ft
1k
C D E
12 ft
A B
Assume that the horizontal reactive force component at fixed supports A and B are equal.
Thus
2 + 1
Ax = Bx = = 1.50 k Ans.
2
Also, the points of inflection H and I are at 6 ft above A and B respectively. Referring to
Fig. a,
a + a MI = 0; Hy(16) - 1(6) - 2(12) = 0 Hy = 1.875 k
+ c a Fy = 0; Iy - 1.875 = 0 Iy = 1.875 k
a Fx = 0;
+
: Hx - 1.50 = 0 Hx = 1.50 k
+ c a Fy = 0; 1.875 - Ay = 0 Ay = 1.875 k Ans.
a + a MA = 0; MA - 1.50(6) = 0 MA = 9.00 k # ft Ans.
a Fx = 0;
+
: 1.50 - Bx = 0 Bx = 1.50 k
+ c a Fy = 0; By - 1.875 = 0 By = 1.875 k Ans.
a + a MB = 0; MB - 1.50(6) = 0 MB = 9.00 k # ft Ans.
Using the method of sections, Fig. d,
FDG a b - 1.875 = 0
3
+ c a Fy = 0; FDG = 3.125 k (C) Ans.
5
a + a MG = 0; FCD(6) + 1(6) - 1.50(12) = 0 FCD = 2.00 k (C) Ans.
a + a MD = 0; FFG(6) - 2(6) + 1.5(6) + 1.875(8) = 0 FFG = 1.00 k (C) Ans.
Using the method of Joints, Fig. e,
FDF a b - 3.125 a b = 0
3 3
+ c a Fy = 0; FDF = 3.125 k (T) Ans.
5 5
3.125a b + 3.125 a b - 2.00 - FDE = 0 FDE = 3.00 k (C)

4 4
a Fx = 0;
+
: Ans.
5 5
231
7–23. Continued
*7–24. Solve Prob. 7–23 if the supports at A and B are 8 ft 8 ft

pinned instead of fixed. G F
2k
6 ft
1k
C D E
Assume that the horizontal reactive force component at pinal supports

A and B are equal. Thus, 12 ft
H2
Ax = Bx = = 1.50 k Ans.
2 A B
a + a MB = 0; Ay(16) - 1(12) - 2(18) = 0 Ay = 3.00 k Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; By - 3.00 = 0 By = 3.00 k Ans.
232
7–24. Continued
Using the method of sections and referring to Fig. b,
FDG a b - 3.00 = 0
3
+ c a Fy = 0; FDG = 5.00 k (C) Ans.
5
a + a MD = 0; FGF(6) - 2(6) - 1.5(12) + 3(8) = 0 FGF = 1.00 k (C) Ans.
a + a MG = 0; FCD(6) + 1(6) - 1.50(18) = 0 FCD = 3.50 k (T) Ans.
Using the method of joints, Fig. c,
FDF a b - 5.00 a b = 0
3 3
+ c a Fy = 0; FDF = 5.00 k (T) Ans.
5 5
5.00 a b + 5.00 a b - 3.50 - FDE = 0

4 4
a Fx = 0;
+
: FDE = 4.50 k (C) Ans.
5 5
233
7–25. Draw (approximately) the moment diagram for 2m 2m

column AGF of the portal. Assume all truss members and F D
4 kN
the columns to be pin connected at their ends. Also
determine the force in all the truss members. E 1.5 m
8 kN
G C
5m
A B
Assume that the horizontal force components at pin supports A and B are equal.
Thus,
4 + 8
Ax = Bx = = 6.00 kN
2
a + a MA = 0; By(4) - 8(5) - 4(6.5) = 0 By = 16.5 kN
+ c a Fy = 0; 16.5 - Ay = 0 Ay = 16.5 kN
Using the method of sections, Fig. b,
FEG a b - 16.5 = 0
3
+ c a Fy = 0; FEG = 27.5 kN (T) Ans.
5
a + a MG = 0; FEF(1.5) - 4(1.5) - 6.00(5) = 0 FEF = 24.0 kN (C) Ans.
a + a ME = 0; 8(1.5) + 16.5(2) - 6(6.5) - FCG(1.5) = 0 FCG = 4.00 kN (C) Ans.
234
7–25. Continued
Using the method of joints, Fig. c,
FCE a b - 27.5 a b = 0
3 3
+ c a Fy = 0; FCE = 27.5 kN (C) Ans.
5 5
24 - 27.5 a b - 27.5 a b + FDE = 0

4 4
a Fx = 0;
+
: FDE = 20.0 kN (T) Ans.
5 5
7–26. Draw (approximately) the moment diagram for 2m 2m

column AGF of the portal. Assume all the members of the F D
4 kN
truss to be pin connected at their ends. The columns are
fixed at A and B. Also determine the force in all the truss E 1.5 m
members.
8 kN
G C
Assume that the horizontal force components at fixed supports A and B are equal.
Thus, 5m
4 + 8
Ax = Bx = = 6.00 kN
2
Also, the points of inflection H and I are 2.5 m above A and B, respectively.
A B
a + a MI = 0; Hy(4) - 8(2.5) - 4(4) = 0 Hy = 9.00 kN
+ c a Fy = 0; Iy - 9.00 = 0 Iy = 9.00 kN
235
7–26. Continued
a Fx = 0;
+
: Hx - 6.00 = 0 Hx = 6.00 kN
+ c a Fy = 0; 9.00 - Ay = 0 Ay = 9.00 kN
a + a MA = 0; MA - 6.00(2.5) = 0 MA = 15.0 kN # m
FEG a b - 9.00 = 0
3
+ c a Fy = 0; FEG = 15.0 kN(T) Ans.
5
a + a ME = 0; 8(1.5) + 9.00(2) - 6.00(4) - FCG(1.5) = 0
FCG = 4.00 kN (C) Ans.
a + a MG = 0; FEF(1.5) - 4(1.5) - 6(2.5) = 0 FEF = 14.0 kN (C) Ans.
236
7–26. Continued
Using the method of joints, Fig. e,
FCE a b - 15.0 a b = 0
3 3
+ c a Fy = 0; FCE = 15.0 kN (C) Ans.
5 5
FDE + 14.0 - 15.0 a b - 15.0 a b = 0

4 4
a Fx = 0;
+
:
5 5
FDE = 10.0 kN (T) Ans.
7–27. Determine (approximately) the force in each truss 1.5 m 1.5 m

3m
member of the portal frame. Also find the reactions at the F E D
fixed column supports A and B. Assume all members of the 12 kN
truss to be pin connected at their ends. 2m
8 kN
G H I C
Thus,
6m
12 + 8
Ax = Bx = = 10.0 kN Ans.
2
Also, the points of inflection J and K are 3 m above A and B respectively. Referring A B
to Fig. a,
3m 3m
a + a Mk = 0; Jy(6) - 8(3) - 12(5) = 0 Jy = 14.0 kN
+ c a Fy = 0; Ky - 14.0 = 0 Ky = 14.0 kN
237
7–27. Continued
a Fx = 0; Jx - 10.0 = 0 Jx = 10.0 kN
+
:
+ c a Fy = 0; 14.0 - Ay = 0 Ay = 14.0 kN Ans.
a + a MA = 0; MA - 10.0(3) = 0 MA = 30.0 kN # m Ans.
a Fx = 0; Bx - 10.0 = 0 Bx = 10.0 kN
+
:
+ c a Fy = 0; By - 14.0 = 0 By = 14.0 kN Ans.
a + a MB = 0; MB - 10.0(3) = 0 MB = 30.0 kN # m Ans.
Using the metod of sections, Fig. d,
+ c a Fy = 0; FFH a b - 14.0 = 0 FFH = 17.5 kN (C)

4
Ans.
5
a + a MH = 0; FEF(2) + 14.0(1.5) - 12(2) - 10.0(3) = 0 FEF = 16.5 kN (C) Ans.
a + a MF = 0; FGH(2) + 8(2) - 10.0(5) = 0 FGH = 17.0 kN (T) Ans.
Using the method of joints, Fig. e (Joint H),
+ c a Fy = 0; FEH a b - 17.5 a b = 0 FEH = 17.5 kN (T)

4 4
Ans.
5 5
a Fx = 0; 17.5 a 5 b + 17.5 a 5 b - 17.0 - FHI = 0 FHI = 4.00 kN (C)

+ 3 3
: Ans.
Referring Fig. f (Joint E),
+ c a Fy = 0; FEI a b - 17.5 a b = 0 FEI = 17.5 kN (C)

4 4
Ans.
5 5
a Fx = 0 FDE + 16.5 - 17.5a 5 b - 17.5 a 5 b = 0 FDE = 4.50 kN (T)

+ 3 3
: Ans.
Referring to Fig. g (Joint I),
+ c a Fy = 0; FDI a b - 17.5a b = 0 FDI = 17.5 kN (T)

4 4
Ans.
5 5
a Fx = 0; 17.5 a 5 b + 17.5 a 5 b + 4.00 - FCI = 0 FCI = 25.0 kN (C)

+ 3 3
: Ans.
238
7–27. Continued
239
*7–28. Solve Prob. 7–27 if the supports at A and B are 1.5 m 1.5 m
3m
pinned instead of fixed. F E D
12 kN
2m
8 kN
G H I C
Assume that the horizontal force components at pin supports A and B are equal. 6m
Thus,
12 + 8
Ax = Bx = = 10.0 kN Ans.
2 A B
3m 3m
a + a MB = 0; Ay(6) - 8(6) - 12(8) = 0 Ay = 24.0 kN Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; By - 24.0 = 0 By = 24.0 kN Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; FFH a b - 24.0 = 0 FFH = 30.0 kN (C)

4
Ans.
5
a + a MH = 0; FEF(2) + 24.0(1.5) - 12(2) - 10.0(6) = 0
FEF = 24.0 kN (C) Ans.
a + a MF = 0; FGH(2) + 8(2) - 10.0(8) = 0 FGH = 32.0 kN (T) Ans.
Using method of joints, Fig. c (Joint H),
+ c a Fy = 0; FEH a b - 30.0 a b = 0 FEH = 30.0 kN (T)

4 4
Ans.
5 5
a Fx = 0; 30.0 a 5 b + 30.0 a 5 b - 32.0 - FHI = 0 FHI = 4.00 kN (C) Ans.

+ 3 3
:
Referring to Fig. d (Joint E),
+ c a Fy = 0; FEI a b - 30.0 a b = 0 FEI = 30.0 kN (C)

4 4
Ans.
5 5
a Fx = 0; FDE + 24.0 - 30.0a 5 b - 30.0a 5 b = 0 FDE = 12.0 kN (T)Ans.

+ 3 3
:
Referring to Fig. e (Joint I),
+ c a Fy = 0; FDI a b - 30.0 a b = 0 FDI = 30.0 kN (T)

4 4
Ans.
5 5
a Fx = 0; 30.0 a 5 b + 30.0 a 5 b + 4.00 - FCI = 0

+ 3 3
:
FCI = 40.0 kN (C) Ans.
240
7–28. Continued
241
7–29. Determine (approximately) the force in members G F E

GF, GK, and JK of the portal frame. Also find the reactions
6 ft
at the fixed column supports A and B. Assume all members 4k H D
of the truss to be connected at their ends. J K L 3 ft
I C
12 ft
Thus, A B
4
Ax = Bx = = 2.00 k Ans. 8 ft 8 ft 8 ft 8 ft
2
Also, the points of inflection N and O are at 6 ft above A and B respectively.
a + a MB = 0; Ny(32) - 4(9) = 0 Ny = 1.125 k
a + a MN = 0; Oy(32) - 4(9) = 0 Oy = 1.125 k
a Fx = 0; Nx - 2.00 = 0 Nx = 2.00 k
+
:
+ c a Fy = 0; 1.125 - Ay = 0 Ay = 1.125 k Ans.
a + a MA = 0; MA - 2.00(6) = 0 MA = 12.0 k # ft Ans.
a Fx = 0; Bx - 2.00 = 0 Bx = 2.00 k
+
:
+ c a Fy = 0; By - 1.125 = 0 By = 1.125 k Ans.
a + a MB = 0; MB - 2.00(6) = 0 MB = 12.0 k # ft Ans.

+ c a Fy = 0; FGK a b - 1.125 = 0 FGK = 1.875 k (C)
3
Ans.
5
a + a MK = 0; FGF(6) + 1.125(16) - 2(9) = 0 FGF = 0 Ans.
a + a MG = 0; - FJK(6) + 4(6) + 1.125(8) - 2.00(15) = 0
FJK = 0.500 k (C) Ans.
242
7–30. Solve Prob. 7–29 if the supports at A and B are pin G F E

connected instead of fixed.
6 ft
4k H D
J K L 3 ft
I C
12 ft
A B
8 ft 8 ft 8 ft 8 ft
Assume that the horizontal force components at pin supports A and B are equal.
Thus,
4
Ax = Bx = = 2.00 k Ans.
2
a + a MA = 0; By(32) - 4(15) = 0 By = 1.875 k Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; 1.875 - Ay = 0 Ay = 1.875 k Ans.
+ c a Fy = 0; FGK a b - 1.875 = 0 FGK = 3.125 k (C)

3
Ans.
5
a + a Mx = 0; FGF(6) + 1.875(16) - 2.00(15) = 0 FGF = 0 Ans.
a + a MG = 0; 4(6) + 1.875(8) - 2.00(21) + FJK(6) = 0 FJK = 0.500 k (T)

Ans.
243
7–31. Draw (approximately) the moment diagram for G

column ACD of the portal. Assume all truss members and
6 ft
the columns to be pin connected at their ends. Also F J
determine the force in members FG, FH, and EH.
D 6 ft
4k K
E H I 3 ft
Assume that the horizontal force components at pin supports A and B are C L
equal. Thus,
12 ft
4
Ax = Bx = = 2.00 k
2 A B
8 ft 8 ft 8 ft 8 ft
a + a MB = 0; Ay(32) - 4(15) = 0 Ay = 1.875 k
a + a MH = 0; FFG a b (16) + 1.875(16) - 2.00(15) = 0 FFG = 0

3
Ans.
5
a + a MF = 0; 4(6) + 1.875(8) - 2.00(21) + FEH(6) = 0
FEH = 0.500 k (T) Ans.
a + a MD = 0; FFH a b(16) - 2.00(15) = 0 FFH = 3.125 k (C)

3
Ans.
5
Also, referring to Fig. c,
a + a ME = 0; FDF a b (8) + 1.875(8) - 2.00(15) = 0

3
5
FDF = 3.125 k (C)
a + a MD = 0; FCE a b(8) - 2.00(15) = 0

3
273
FCE = 10.68 k (T)
b - 3.125 a b - 2.00 - FDE = 0

8 4
a Fx = 0; 4 + 10.68a
+
:
273 5
FDE = 9.50 k (C)
244
7–31. Continued
*7–32. Solve Prob. 7–31 if the supports at A and B are G

fixed instead of pinned. 6 ft
F J
D 6 ft
4k K
E H I 3 ft
Assume that the horizontal force components at fixed supports A and B are
C L
equal. Thus,
12 ft
4
Ax = Bx = = 2.00 k
2 A B
Also, the points of inflection N and O are 6 ft above A and B respectively.

Referring to Fig. a, 8 ft 8 ft 8 ft 8 ft
a + a MO = 0; Ny(32) - 4(9) = 0 Ny = 1.125 k
a Fx = 0; Nx - 2.00 = 0 Nx = 2.00 k
+
:
a + a MA = 0; MA - 2.00(6) = 0 MA = 12.0 k ft
+ c a Fy = 0; 1.125 - Ay = 0 Ay = 1.125 k
245
7–32. Continued
a + a MH = 0; FFG a b (16) + 1.125(16) - 2.00(9) = 0 FFG = 0

3
Ans.
5
a + a MF = 0; -FEH(6) + 4(6) + 1.125(8) - 2.00(15) = 0 FEH = 0.500 k (C) Ans.
a + a MD = 0; FFH a b(16) - 2.00(9) = 0 FFH = 1.875 k (C)

3
Ans.
5
Also, referring to Fig e,
a + a ME = 0; FDF a b (8) + 1.125(8) - 2.00(9) = 0 FDF = 1.875 k (C)

3
5
a + a MD = 0; FCE a b(8) - 2.00(9) = 0 FCE = 6.408 k (T)

3
273
a Fx = 0; 4 + 6.408 a b - 1.875a b - 2.00 - FDE = 0 FDE = 6.50 k (C)

+ 8 4
:
273 5
246
7–32. Continued
7–33. Draw (approximately) the moment diagram for 6 @ 1.5 m ⫽ 9 m

column AJI of the portal. Assume all truss members and the H G E
2 kN I F D
columns to be pin connected at their ends. Also determine 1.5 m
the force in members HG, HL, and KL. 1m
4 kN J K L M N O C
4m
Assume the horizontal force components at pin supports A and B to be
equal. Thus,
A B
2 + 4
Ax = Bx = = 3.00 kN
2
a + a MB = 0; Ay(9) - 4(4) - 2(5) = 0 Ay = 2.889 kN
a + a ML = 0; FHG cos 6.340° (1.167) + FHG sin 6.340° (1.5) + 2.889(3) - 2(1) - 3.00(4) = 0
FHG = 4.025 kN (C) = 4.02 kN (C) Ans.

a + a MH = 0; FKL(1.167) + 2(0.167) + 4(1.167) + 2.889(1.5) - 3.00(5.167) = 0
FKL = 5.286 kN (T) = 5.29 kN (T) Ans.

+ c a Fy = 0; FHL cos 52.13° - 4.025 sin 6.340° - 2.889 = 0
FHL = 5.429 kN (C) = 5.43 kN (C) Ans.
247
7–33. Continued
Also, referring to Fig. c,
a + a MH = 0; FJK(1.167) + 2(0.167) + 4(1.167) + 2.889(1.5) - 3.00(5.167) = 0
FJK = 5.286 kN (T)

a + a MJ = 0; FIH cos 6.340° (1) - 2(1) - 3.00(4) = 0
FIH = 14.09 kN (C)

+ c a Fy = 0; FJH sin 37.87° - 14.09 sin 6.340° - 2.889 = 0
FJH = 7.239 kN (T)
248
7–34. Solve Prob. 7–33 if the supports at A and B are fixed 6 @ 1.5 m ⫽ 9 m
instead of pinned. H G E
2 kN I F D
1.5 m
1m
4 kN J K L M N O C
Assume that the horizontal force components at fixed supports A and B
are equal. Therefore,
4m
2 + 4
Ax = Bx = = 3.00 kN
2
Also, the reflection points P and R are located 2 m above A and B A B
respectively. Referring to Fig. a
a + a MR = 0; Py(9) - 4(2) - 2(3) = 0 Py = 1.556 kN
a Fx = 0; Px - 3.00 = 0 Px = 3.00 kN
+
:
a + a MA = 0; MA - 3.00(2) = 0 MA = 6.00 kN # m
+ c a Fy = 0; 1.556 - Ay = 0 Ay = 1.556 kN
a + a ML = 0; FHG cos 6.340° (1.167) + FHG sin 6.340° (1.5) + 1.556(3) - 3.00(2) - 2(1) = 0
FHG = 2.515 kN (C) = 2.52 kN (C) Ans.

a + a MH = 0; FKL(1.167) + 2(0.167) + 4(1.167) + 1.556(1.5) - 3.00(3.167) = 0
FKL = 1.857 kN (T) = 1.86 kN (T) Ans.

+ c a Fy = 0; FHL cos 52.13° - 2.515 sin 6.340° - 1.556 = 0
FHL = 2.986 kN (C) = 2.99 kN (C) Ans.
249
7–34. Continued
Also referring to Fig. e,
a + a MH = 0; FJK(1.167) + 4(1.167) + 2(0.167) + 1.556(1.5) - 3.00(3.167) = 0
FJK = 1.857 kN (T)

a + a MJ = 0; FIH cos 6.340° (1) - 2(1) - 3.00(2) = 0
FIH = 8.049 kN (C)

+ c a Fy = 0; FJH sin 37.87° - 8.049 sin 6.340° - 1.556 = 0
FJH = 3.982 kN (T)
250
7–35. Use the portal method of analysis and draw the 15 kN F E D

moment diagram for girder FED.
6m
A B C
8m 8m
251
*7–36. Use the portal method of analysis and draw the J I H G F 4k

moment diagram for girder JIHGF.
15 ft
A B C D E
18 ft 18 ft 18 ft 18 ft
252
7–37. Use the portal method and determine (approximately) I J K L

9 kN
the reactions at supports A, B, C, and D.
4m
E F G H
12 kN
4m
A B C D
5m 5m 5m
253
7–37. Continued
254
7–37. Continued
255
7–38. Use the cantilever method and determine I J K L

9 kN
(approximately) the reactions at supports A, B, C, and D.
All columns have the same cross-sectional area.
4m
E F G H
12 kN
4m
A B C D
5m 5m 5m
256
7–38. Continued
257
7–38. Continued
7–39. Use the portal method of analysis and draw the E D

moment diagram for column AFE. 5k
12 ft
F
4k C
12 ft
A B
15 ft
258
7–39. Continued
259
*7–40. Solve Prob. 7–39 using the cantilever method of E D

analysis. All the columns have the same cross-sectional 5k
area.
12 ft
F
4k C
12 ft
A B
15 ft
260
7–41. Use the portal method and determine (approximately) I H G

the reactions at A. 3k
15 ft
D E F
4k
15 ft
A B C
18 ft 20 ft
261
7–42. Use the cantilever method and determine I H G

(approximately) the reactions at A. All of the columns have 3k
the same cross-sectional area.
15 ft
D E F
4k
15 ft
A B C
18 ft 20 ft
262
7–43. Draw (approximately) the moment diagram for P Q R S T

6k
girder PQRST and column BGLQ of the building frame.
Use the portal method. K L M N O 10 ft
9k
F G H I J 10 ft
9k
10 ft
A B C D E
15 ft 15 ft 20 ft 20 ft
Top story
a Fx = 0;
+
: 6 - 8 V = 0; V = 0.75 k
Second story
a Fx = 0;
+
: 6 + 9 - 8 V = 0; V = 1.875 k
Bottom story
a Fx = 0;
+
: 6 + 9 + 9 - 8 V = 0; V = 3.0 k
263
*7–44. Draw (approximately) the moment diagram for P Q R S T

6k
girder PQRST and column BGLQ of the building frame.
K L M N O 10 ft
All columns have the same cross-sectional area. Use the 9k
cantilever method.
F G H I J 10 ft
9k
10 ft
A B C D E
15 ft 15 ft 20 ft 20 ft
15 + 30 + 50 + 70
x = = 33 ft
5
18 3 17 37
a + a MU = 0; - 6(5) - F(15) - F(30) + F(50) + F(70) = 0
33 33 33 33
F = 0.3214 k
a + a MV = 0;
18 3 17 37
- 6(15) - 9(5) - F(15) - F(30) + F(50) + F(70) = 0
33 33 33 33
F = 1.446 k
a + a MW = 0;
18 3 17 37
-6(25) - 9(15) - 9(5) - F(15) - F(30) + F(50) + F(70) = 0
33 33 33 33
F = 3.536 k
264
7–45. Draw the moment diagram for girder IJKL of the I J K L

20 kN
building frame. Use the portal method of analysis.
4m
E F G H
40 kN
4m
A B C D
: a Fx = 0;
+ 10 - 6V = 0; V = 1.667 kN 4m 5m 4m
The equilibrium of each segment is shown on the FBDs.

Area 24 (10⫺3) m2 16 (10⫺3) m2 16 (10⫺3) m2 24 (10⫺3) m2
265
*7–46. Solve Prob. 7–45 using the cantilever method of I J K L

analysis. Each column has the cross-sectional area indicated. 20 kN
4m
E F G H
40 kN
4m
A B C D
The centroid of column area is in center of framework.
4m 5m 4m
F
Since s = , then
A
24 (10⫺3) m2 16 (10⫺3) m2 16 (10⫺3) m2 24 (10⫺3) m2
s1 = a b s2 ; a b;
6.5 F1 6.5 F2 Area
= F1 = 3.90 F2
2.5 12 2.5 8
s4 = s1; F4 = F1
s2 = s3; F2 = F3
a + a MM = 0; -2(10) - 4(F2) + 9(F2) + 13(3.90 F2) = 0
F2 = 0.359 k
F1 = 1.400 k
The equilibrium of each segment is shown on the FBDs.
266

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7–1. Determine (approximately) the force in each 50 kN 40 kN 20 kN

a + a MC = 0; 40(3) + 50(6) - Ay(6) = 0 Ay = 70 kN

Method of Sections. It is required that FBF = FAE = F1. Referring to Fig. b,

+ c a Fy = 0; 70 - 50 - 2F1 sin 45° = 0 F1 = 14.14 kN

FBF = 14.1 kN (T) FAE = 14.1 kN (C) Ans.

a + a MA = 0; FEF(3) - 14.14 cos 45°(3) = 0 FEF = 10.0 kN (C) Ans.

a + a MF = 0; FAB(3) - 14.14 cos 45°(3) = 0 FAB = 10.0 kN (T) Ans.

Also, FBD = FCE = F2. Referring to Fig. c,

+ c a Fy = 0; 40 - 20 - 2F2 sin 45° = 0 F2 = 14.14 kN

a + a MC = 0; 14.14 cos 45°(3) - FDE(3) = 0 FDE = 10.0 kN (C) Ans.

a + a MD = 0; 14.14 cos 45°(3) - FBC(3) = 0 FBC = 10.0 kN (T) Ans.

Joint A: Referring to Fig. d,

+ c a Fy = 0; 70 - 14.14 sin 45° - FAF = 0 FAF = 60.0 kN (C) Ans.

Joint B: Referring to Fig. e,

+ c a Fy = 0; 40 - 14.14 sin 45° - FCD = 0 FCD = 30.0 kN (C) Ans.

7–2. Solve Prob. 7–1 assuming that the diagonals cannot

Support Reactions. Referring to Fig. a,

a + a MA = 0; Cy(6) - 40(3) - 20(6) = 0 Cy = 40 kN

a + a MC = 0; 40(3) + 50(6) - Ay(6) = 0 Ay = 70 kN

Method of Sections. It is required that

FAE = FCE = 0 Ans.

+ c a Fy = 0; 70 - 50 - FBF sin 45° = 0 FBF = 28.28 kN (T) = 28.3 kN (T) Ans.

a + a MA = 0; FEF(3) - 28.28 cos 45°(3) = 0 FEF = 20.0 kN (C) Ans.

a + a MF = 0 FAB(3) = 0 FAB = 0 Ans.

+ c a Fy = 0; 40 - 20 - FBD sin 45° = 0 FBD = 28.28 kN (T) = 28.3 kN (T) Ans.

a + a MC = 0; 28.28 cos 45°(3) - FDE(3) = 0 FDE = 20.0 kN (C) Ans.

a + a MD = 0; -FBC(3) = 0 FBC = 0 Ans.

Joint A: Referring to Fig. d,

+ c a Fy = 0; 70 - FAF = 0 FAF = 70.0 kN (C) Ans.

Joint B: Referring to Fig. e,

+ c a Fy = 0; 28.28 sin 45° + 28.28 sin 45° - FBE = 0

FBE = 40.0 kN (C) Ans.

Joint C: Referring to Fig. f,

+ c a Fy = 0; 40 - FCD = 0 FCD = 40.0 kN (C) Ans.

7–3. Determine (approximately) the force in each member 10 k 10 k 10 k 10 k

+ c a Fy = 0; -FAH + 18.33 - 5.89 sin 45° = 0; FAH = 14.16 k (C) Ans.

FGF = 7.5 k (C) Ans.

+ c a Fy = 0; -10 + FGB + 5.89 sin 45° + 1.18 sin 45° = 0

FGB = 5.0 k (C) Ans.

FBC = 12.5 k (T) Ans.

VPanel = 21.667 - 10 = 11.667 k

+ c a Fy = 0; 21.667 - 8.25 sin 45° - FED = 0

FED = 15.83 k (C) Ans.

FFE = 0.833 k (C) Ans.

+ c a Fy = 0; -FFC + 8.25 sin 45° - 1.18 sin 45° = 0

FFC = 5.0 k (C) Ans.

*7–4. Solve Prob. 7–3 assuming that the diagonals cannot 10 k 10 k 10 k 10 k

+ c a Fy = 0; FAN = 18.3 k (C) Ans.

FHG = 8.33 k (C) Ans.

FBC = 11.7 k (T) Ans.

+ c a Fy = 0; - FGB + 11.785 sin 45° + 2.36 sin 45° = 0

FGB = 10 k (C) Ans.

+ c a Fy = 0; FED = 21.7 k (C) Ans.

FEF = 6.67 k (C) Ans.

FFC = 11.7 k (C) Ans.

7–5. Determine (approximately) the force in each member 7k 14 k 14 k 7k

Support Reactions. Referring to, Fig. a