CCP Article 1156 1170 (Obligations)

BOOK IV CHAPTER 2
Nature and Effect of Obligations

Obligations and Contracts Article 1163. Every person obliged to give
TITLE I something is also obliged to take care of it with
the proper diligence of a good father of a
Obligations family, unless the law or the stipulation of the
CHAPTER 1 parties requires another standard of care.
General Provisions (1094a)
Article 1156. An obligation is a juridical Article 1164. The creditor has a right to the
necessity to give, to do or not to do. (n) fruits of the thing from the time the obligation
Article 1157. Obligations arise from: to deliver it arises. However, he shall acquire no
real right over it until the same has been
(1) Law; delivered to him. (1095)
(2) Contracts; Article 1165. When what is to be delivered is a
determinate thing, the creditor, in addition to
(3) Quasi-contracts;
the right granted him by article 1170, may
(4) Acts or omissions punished by law; and compel the debtor to make the delivery.
(5) Quasi-delicts. (1089a) *If the thing is indeterminate or generic, he may

ask that the obligation be complied with at the
Article 1158. Obligations derived from law are expense of the debtor.
not presumed. Only those expressly determined
in this Code or in special laws are demandable, *If the obligor delays, or has promised to deliver
and shall be regulated by the precepts of the the same thing to two or more persons who do
law which establishes them; and as to what has not have the same interest, he shall be
not been foreseen, by the provisions of this responsible for any fortuitous event until he has
Book. (1090) effected the delivery. (1096)
Article 1159. Obligations arising from contracts Article 1166. The obligation to give a
have the force of law between the contracting determinate thing includes that of delivering all
parties and should be complied with in good its accessions and accessories, even though they
faith. (1091a) may not have been mentioned. (1097a)
Article 1160. Obligations derived from quasi- Article 1167. If a person obliged to do
contracts shall be subject to the provisions of something fails to do it, the same shall be
Chapter 1, Title XVII, of this Book. (n) executed at his cost.
Article 1161. Civil obligations arising from This same rule shall be observed if he does it in
criminal offenses shall be governed by the penal contravention of the tenor of the obligation.
laws, subject to the provisions of article 2177, Furthermore, it may be decreed that what has
and of the pertinent provisions of Chapter 2, been poorly done be undone. (1098)
Preliminary Title, on Human Relations, and of
Article 1168. When the obligation consists in
Title XVIII of this Book, regulating damages.
not doing, and the obligor does what has been
(1092a)
forbidden him, it shall also be undone at his
Article 1162. Obligations derived from quasi- expense. (1099a)
delicts shall be governed by the provisions of
Article 1169. Those obliged to deliver or to do
Chapter 2, Title XVII of this Book, and by special
something incur in delay from the time the
laws. (1093a)
obligee judicially or extrajudicially demands
from them the fulfillment of their obligation.
However, the demand by the creditor shall not
be necessary in order that delay may exist:
(1) When the obligation or the law expressly so
declare; or
(2) When from the nature and the
circumstances of the obligation it appears that
the designation of the time when the thing is to
be delivered or the service is to be rendered
was a controlling motive for the establishment
of the contract; or
(3) When demand would be useless, as when
the obligor has rendered it beyond his power to
perform.
In reciprocal obligations, neither party incurs in
delay if the other does not comply or is not
ready to comply in a proper manner with what
is incumbent upon him. From the moment one
of the parties fulfills his obligation, delay by the
other begins. (1100a)
Article 1170. Those who in the performance of
their obligations are guilty of fraud, negligence,
or delay, and those who in any manner
contravene the tenor thereof, are liable for
damages. (1101)

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BOOK IV CHAPTER 2

Nature and Effect of Obligations

(5) Quasi-delicts. (1089a) *If the thing is indeterminate or generic, he may

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