Offprint from:

『創価大学・国際仏教高等研究所・年報』
平成１８年度（第１０号）２００７年３月発行

Annual Report of
The International Research Institute
for Advanced Buddhology
at Soka University
for the Academic Year 2006
[= ARIRIAB], vol. X, pp. 117−147, March 2007

YE Shaoyong 葉 少勇

The Mūlamadhyamakakārikā and Buddhapālita’s Commentary (1):

Romanized Texts Based on the Newly Identified
Sanskrit Manuscripts from Tibet

The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology

Soka University
Tokyo • 2007 • Hachioji
JAPAN
創価大学・国際仏教高等研究所
東京・2007・八王子
 The Mūlamadhyamakakārikā and
Buddhapālita’s Commentary (1)*:
Romanized Texts Based on the Newly Identified
Sanskrit Manuscripts from Tibet

YE Shaoyong

The two manuscripts presented here belong to the collection of Sanskrit manuscripts
formerly kept in the China Ethnic Library, Beijing. The collection was brought from Tibetan
monasteries to Beijing in 1961, cataloged by Wang Sen in 1985, 1 and returned to Tibet in
1993. Now these manuscripts are preserved in Tibet Museum in Lhasa. 2 The microfilms I
used belong to the Research Institute of Sanskrit Manuscripts and Buddhist literature at
Peking University. In 2003 when I was checking the microfilms, folios cataloged by Wang
Sen as “No. 17, Sanskrit miscellaneous leaves” drew my attention. With the help of my
supervisor, Dr. Duan Qing, I was able to identify fourteen folios belonging to two incomplete
manuscripts (hereafter referred to as our manuscripts), among which three folios are from a
separate copy of the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (MKMs) and eleven folios are from
Buddhapālita-mūlamadhyamaka-vṛtti, i.e., Buddhapālita’s commentary (BPMs).
Judging from the microfilm, these palm-leaves are not in good condition, and among
them several folios are heavily damaged. Given their condition, only three folio numbers can
be made out. According to my counting with the aid of the Tibetan translation, the two works
should both be numbered from folio one. I therefore consider them to be two manuscripts,
although they appear to be written by the same scribe. No colophon or date has been found in
the manuscripts. Their script, which could be called an eastern variety of the post-Gupta
script, resembles that of inscriptions from Nepal from around the 7th century (cf. Indraji 1880;

* This a revised version of a paper presented at the XIV Conference of the International Association of
Buddhist Studies held in London in 2005. My thanks are due to my supervisor, Professor Duan Qing of
Peking University, who kindly provided me with this topic and offered me guidance. I am also indebted to
Mr. Nader Rastegar and to Venerable Chun Yi, without whose beneficence I could not have attended that
conference, and to Professor Michael Witzel for kindly helping me locate travel funds. I am also obliged to
Professor Harunaga Isaacson who not only afforded me some needed materials but also provided valuable
suggestions. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Professors Akira Saito, Seishi Karashima and Dr.
Jundo Nagashima who read my earlier transcriptions and suggested a great number of improvements.
Thanks are also due to Professor Jan Nattier who took the trouble of checking my English. Needless to say,
any errors that remain are my own.
1
Wang Sen 王森, 民族圖書館藏梵文貝葉經目录 (A Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts Preserved
in the China Ethnic Library), 1985. See Hu-von Hinüber 2006: 297-335.
2
Cf. Steinkellner 2004; Hu-von Hinüber 2006.
Gnoli 1956) and that in a manuscript of the Daśabhūmikasūtra from Nepal (Matsuda 1996,
manuscript A). The paleographical date of the latter has been suggested by L. Sander as the
early 7th century (op.cit., xvii). Inasmuch as there is no dated manuscript from this period and
region accessible to me, and it is usually considered unsafe to date a manuscript based on
inscriptions, the 7th century for our manuscripts is just my best estimate based on the
available evidence. If my estimation is correct, it is a surprise to find such ancient
manuscripts in Tibet, almost dating to the introduction of Buddhism into Tibet, and only
around 100 years after Buddhapālita’s commentary was composed. Moreover, these two
manuscripts are not only the oldest extant Sanskrit manuscripts insofar as the Madhyamaka
texts are concerned, but are also the first Sanskrit copies of an independent MK and of
Buddhapālita's commentary to have been found.
The remaining three folios of MKMs have preserved 107 verses—although these
individual verses are not always complete—which amount to approximately one fifth of the
whole work. The eleven folios of BPMs contain 57 verses with commentary. As it has been
passed down to us, BPTib has a text almost identical to Akutobhayā (ABh) from chapter XXIII
to XXVII. Since our manuscript does not include these chapters, the question whether
Buddhapālita had a different commentary on these five chapters remains. Based on the
Tibetan translation, BPMs comprises approximately one ninth of the whole work, if chapters
XXIII to XXVII are included.
According to de Jong’s numbering of the verses (dJ), the contents of these two
manuscripts are as follows:
Manuscript of the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā Manuscript of the Buddhapālitamūlamadhyamakavṛtti

Folio Verse Folio Content Folio Content

1-4 lost 1-8 lost 27-28 lost
(5)a IX.10-12, X.1-15ab (9)a II.5-7 29a VII.30-32
(5)b X.15cd-16, XI.1-8, XII.1-8a (9)b II.8-11 29b VII.32-33
6 lost (10)a II.11-13 30-32 lost
7a XVII.29-33, XVIII.1-12 (10)b II.13-16 (33)a VIII.13
7b XIX.1-6, XX.1-12a 11-20 Lost (33)b VIII.13, IX.1-3
8a XX.12bcd-24, XXI.1-8ab [21]a VII.1 34-35 lost
8b XXI.8cd-21, XXII.1-5 [21]b VII.1-2 (36)a X.2-4
9ff. lost 22 lost (36)b X.5-8
(23)a VII.3-6 37-41 Lost
(23)b VII.6-9 (42)a XIII.7-8
(24)a VII.9-13 (42)b XIII.8, XIV.1-2
(24)b VII.13-14 43-67 lost
25 lost (68)a XX.11-15
(26)a VII.17-20 (68)b XX.16-18
(26)b VII.20-22 69ff. lost

As the original manuscripts have not become available to me thus far, I here provide
tentative editions based on the microfilm only, with the hope that I will be able to check them
against the originals in future.

118
 Conventions
Symbols:
() restored akṣara(s)
(italic) uncertain restoration or back-translation from Tibetan
[] damaged akṣara(s)
<> omitted (part of) akṣara(s)
<< >> insertion
{} superfluous akṣara(s)
{{ }} deleted akṣara(s)
+ one destroyed akṣara
.. one illegible akṣara
. illegible part of an akṣara
… indefinite number of lost akṣaras
* virāma
' avagraha (not used in the original manuscript)
◎ decorative circle
○ string hole
▼ line break (the line and folio numbers are indicated on the page margin)
◄ approximate place of the line break

Punctuation:
Ms. ed.
gap for punctuation <•> or <||>
visarga-cum-daṇḍa and virāma-cum-daṇḍa <•> or <||>
or •
||
or • ||

*All words are transcribed as they appear in the manuscripts without correction, such as gaṃtā for gantā,
dharmma for dharma, attra for atra, prasiddhyati for prasidhyati, mitthyā for mithyā, and so on.

Bibliography and Abbreviations

ABh Tibetan translation of the Mūlamadhyamakakārikāvṛtty-akutobhayā
(
NT“-U-˛-T]Ã-]u‰`-R-C-`c-]H…Cc-U‰N, D 3829)
AKBh Abhidharma-kośa-bhāṣya: P. Pradhan, ed., Abhidharmakośabhāṣya of Vasubandu,
Patna, 1967, rev. 2nd ed., Patna, 1975.
BHSG Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary, vol. 1,
Grammar, Yale University Press, 1953. Repr., Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 21970.
BPMs Sanskrit manuscript of the Buddhapālitamūlamadhyamakavṛtti (Collection of Sanskrit
Manuscripts formerly kept in the China Ethnic Library, Beijing)
BPTib Tibetan translation of the Buddhapālita-mūlamadhyamakavṛtti (
NT“-U-˛-T]Ã-]u‰`-R-T“N-dO -RÓ-`…-K,
D 3842)
C Cone blockprint edition of the Tibetan Tipiṭaka
D Derge (sDe dge) blockprint edition of the Tibetan Tipiṭaka
dJ J. W. de Jong, Nāgārjuna: Mūlamadhyamakakārikāḥ, Madras: The Adyar Library and
Research Centre, 1977.
G dGa’-ldan (or Golden) bsTan ’gyur
Gnoli 1956 R. Gnoli, Nepalese Inscriptions in Gupta Characters, Serie Orientale Roma 10, Roma,
1956.

119
Hu-von Hinüber Haiyan Hu-von Hinüber, “some Remarks on the Sanskrit Manuscript of the
2006 Mūlasarvāstivāda-Prātimokṣasūtra found in Tibet”, Jaina-itihāsa- ratna: Festschrift für
Gustav Roth zum 90. Geburtstag, Indica et Tibetica 47, Ute Hüsken, Petra Kieffer-Pülz
and Anne Peters, ed., Marburg, 2006.
Indraji 1880 Bh. Indraji & G. Bühler, “Inscriptions from Nepal,” Indian Antiquary 9, 1880, pp.
163-194.
LVP L. de la Vallée Poussin, Madhyamakavṛttiḥ, Mūlamadhyamakakārikās
(Mādhyamakasūtras) de Nāgārjuna avec la Prasannapadā Commentaire de
Candrakīrti, Bibliotheca Buddhica 4, 1903-13. Repr., Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
Publishers, 1992.
MacDonald 2007 “Revisiting the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: Text-Critical Proposals and Problems”, インド哲
学仏教学研究 Studies in Indian Philosophy and Buddhism 14, Department of Indian
Philosophy and Buddhist Studies, Graduate School of Humanities, the University of Tokyo,
2007.
Matsuda 1996 Kazunobu Matsuda, Two Sanskrit Manuscripts of the Daśabhūmikasūtra Preserved at
the National Archives, Kathmandu, Bibliotheca Codicum Asiaticorum 10, Tokyo, 1996.
MK Mūlamadhyamaka-kārikā by Nāgārjuna
MKMs Sanskrit manuscript of the Mūlamadhyamaka-kārikā by Nāgārjuna (Collection of
Sanskrit Manuscripts formerly kept in the China Ethnic Library, Beijing).
MKTib Tibetan translation of the Prajñānāma-mūlamadhyamaka-kārikā by Nāgārjuna
(
NT“-U-˛-T]Ã-WÀC-`‰]“_-qc-R-a‰c-_T-F‰c-q-T, D 3824)
MW M. Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Oxford 1899: The Clarendon
Press, 1899.
N Narthang (sNar thang) blockprint edition of the Tibetan Tipiṭaka
P Peking blockprint edition of the Tibetan Tipiṭaka
PG Chinese translation of Piṅgala’s commentary on the Mūlamadhyamaka-kārikā (中論, 藏
要 2, 上海書店, p. 903).
PP Prajñā-pradīpa-mūlamadhyamakavṛtti by Bhāviveka
PPCh Chinese translation of the Prajñā-pradīpa-mūlamadhyamakavṛtti by Bhāviveka (般若
燈論釋, T1566, 30.50c3)
PPTib Tibetan translation of the Prajñā-pradīpa-mūlamadhyamakavṛtti by Bhāviveka
(
NT“-U]Ã-˛-T]Ã-]u‰`-R-a‰c-_T-±ÈP-U, D 3853)
PSP Mūlamadhyamakakārikavṛtti-prasannapadā by Candrakīrti
PSPTib Tibetan translation of the Mūlamadhyamakakārikavṛtti-prasannapadā by Candrakīrti
(
NT“-U-˛-T]Ã-]u‰`-R-WÀCc-Cc`-T-Z‰c-q-T, D 3860)
Saito 1985 Akira Saito 斎藤明, “Textcritical Remarks on the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā as Cited in
the Prasannapadā”, Indogaku Bukkyōgaku Kenkyū 33, 2, 1985, pp. 846-842.
SM Chinese translation of Sthiramati’s commentary on the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (大乘
中觀釋論, T1567, 30.136a5, chapters 1-13; K1482, 41.102c14; 卍正藏经, 49, p. 62,
chapters 1-27)
Steinkellner 2004 Ernst Steinkellner, A Tale of Leaves: On Sanskrit Manuscripts in Tibet, their Past and
their Future, 2003 Gonda Lecture, Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and
Sciences, 2004.
T Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō 大正新修大藏經
Tib. MKTib, PSPTib, ABh, BPTib and PPTib
Ye 2007 Ye Shaoyong, “A Re-examination of the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā on the Basis of the
Newly Identified Sanskrit Manuscripts from Tibet”, Annual Report of the International
Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year
2006, Tokyo, 2007, pp. 149-170.

120
 Mūlamadhyamaka-kārikā

Around 4 folios from the beginning are lost.

◄(darśana)[śr](a)[vaṇā]d(ī)ni vedanādīni cāpy atha • (5?)a1
bhavanti yebhyas te[ṣ]v e[ṣa] bhūteṣv api na vidyate • || (IX.10) ○
darśanaśravaṇādīni vedanādīni cāpy atha •
na vidyate ced yasya sur 1 na vidyante imāny api • || (IX.11)
prāk ca yo ○ darśanādibhyaḥ sāṃprataṃ cordhvam eva ca •
na vidyate 'sti nāstīti nivṛttā 2 tattra kalpa(nāḥ ||◎|| IX.12
◄ v)[y](a)[va]sthitaparīkṣā 3 nāma navamaṃ ||◘|| (5?)a2

yadīndhanaṃ bhaved 4 agnir ekatvaṃ kartṛkarmmaṇoḥ <•> ○

anyaś ced indhanād agnid 5 indhanād apy ṛte bhavet* || (X.1)
nityapradīpta eva syād apradīpanahetukaḥ <•>
punarāraṃbhavaiyarthyam e<vaṃ> cākarmmakaḥ sati • || (X.2)
parattra nirapekṣatvād apradīpanahetuka(ḥ •
◄pu)narāraṃbhavaiyarthyaṃ nityadīpte 6 prasajyate • (X.3) (5?)a3
tatraitat syād 7 iddhyamānam indhanaṃ bhavatīti [ce]t* ○
keneddhyatām indhanaṃ tat tāvanmāttram idaṃ yadā • ||(X.4)
anyo na prāpyate 8 'prāpto na dhakṣyaty adahan punaḥ <•>
na nirvvāsya○ty anirvvāṇaḥ sthāsyate vā svaliṃgavān* <||> (X.5)
anya evendhanād agnir indhanaṃ prāpnuyād ya[d]i (•)

1
sur: read syur = MacDonald 2007; dJ, LVP sa.
2
nivṛttā: dJ, LVP nivṛttās.
3
(v)[y](a)[va]sthitaparīkṣā: LVP Pūrvaparīkṣā; ABh, BPTib, PPTib
I‰-T_-`‰P-R-RÈ-NE-I‰-T_-ÉE-T-TåC-R ; MK Tib,

PSPTib
¢-_È`-P-CPc-R-TåC-R; PG 觀本住; SM 觀先分位; PP Ch 觀取者. Cf. Ye 2007.
4
yadīndhanaṃ bhaved: dJ, LVP yad indhanaṃ sa ced; ABh, PPTib, BPTib(PNG)
C`-K‰-a…E-N‰-U‰-^…P-P, , ; MK Tib,

PSPTib, BPTib(DC)
T“N-a…E-CE-N‰-U‰-^…P-P, , ; PG 若然是可然; PP Ch 若火即是薪; SM 若火即是薪. Cf. Ye 2007.
5
agnid: read agnir.
6
åC-Lfi-]T_-T-^…/P-/P-/P/…, , ˛ÈU-R-NÈP-U‰N-I…N-Oÿ-]nŸ_, , ; BP , ABh,
nityadīpte: dJ, LVP nidyadīptaḥ; MKTib, PSPTib
PPTib
åC-Lfi-]T_-T-I…N-^/…P-/P/, , ˛ÈU-R-NÈP-U‰N-I…N-Oÿ-]nŸ_, , ; PG 火若常然者, 人功則應空; SM 火若常然者, 然 Tib

火功相違. Cf. MacDonald 2007.

7
tatraitat syād: = dJ; LVP tatraitasmād, Tib.
N‰-`-C`-K‰ .
8
prāpyate: read prāpsyate(?); LVP, BPMs prāpsyate.

121
(5?)a4 ▼[str](ī) saṃprāpnoti puruṣaṃ puruṣaś ca striyaṃ yathā •|| (X.6)
anya evendhanād agniḥ prāpnuyāt kāmam indha○naṃ 1 •
agnīndhane yadi syātām anyonyena tiraskṛte • (X.7)
yadīndhanam apekṣyāgnir apekṣyāgniṃ yadīndhanaṃ •
katarat pūrvva○niṣpannaṃ yad apekṣ<y>āgnir indhanaṃ • (X.8)
yadīndhanam apekṣ<y>āgnir agneḥ siddhasya sādha(nam* •)
(5?)a5 ▼[bha]viṣyatīndhanaṃ 2 cāpi bhaviṣyati niragnikam* || (X.9)
yo 'pekṣya siddhyate bhāvas tam e<<vā>>pekṣya siddhyati • ○
yadi yo 'pekṣitavyaḥ sa siddhyatām* kam apekṣya kaḥ || (X.10)
yo 'pekṣya siddhyate bhāvas so 'siddho 'pekṣate kathaṃ • ○
athāpy apekṣate siddhas tv apekṣāsya na yujyate • || (X.11)
apekṣ<y>endhanam agnir na nānapekṣyā(gnir indhanam* • )
(5?)a6 ▼[a]pekṣyendhanam agnin na nānapekṣyāgnim indhanaṃ • (X.12)
āgacchaty anyato nāgnir indhane 'g[n]ir na vidyate • ○
athendhanaṃ 3 śeṣam uktaṃ gamyamānagatāgataiḥ || (X.13)
indhanaṃ punar agnir na nāgnir anyattra cendhanāt* •
nāgnir indhana○vān nāgnāv indhanāni na teṣu saḥ <||> (X.14)
agnīndhanābhyāṃ vyākhyātaḥ ātmopādā[nayo](kramaḥ •
(5?)b1 sarvo ◄ nirava)[śeṣeṇa sārdhaṃ ghaṭapaṭādibhiḥ] (|| X.15
ātma)[naś ca satatva](ṃ) [ye] (bhāvānāṃ ca) [p]ṛ(thak) [p]ṛ(thak •
nirdiśanti na tān manye śāsanasyārthakovidān* ||◎|| X.16
a)[gn](ī)[ndha](naparīkṣā nāma daśamam*) [||◎||]

(p)ū(r)[v](ā) [pra](jñāyate) ○ [ko](ṭir) ne[ty] u[vāca] mahāmuniḥ <•>

saṃsār[o] 'na[va]rāgro hi [nāsyād]ir (n)ā[pi] (paścimam* ||XI.1
(5?)b2 ◄naivāgraṃ n)ā[vara](ṃ) [yasya tasya ma](dhyaṃ kuto bhave)t* [•
ta]smān nātropapadyaṃt(e) pūrvvāpa[rasahakkramāḥ ||] (XI.2)
[pūrvvaṃ ○ jātir yyadi] (bha)[vej jarā]maraṇa[m uttara](ṃ) •
nirjarā maraṇā jātir bhavej jāyeta cāmṛtaḥ <||> (XI.3)

1
prāpnuyāt kāmam indhanaṃ: = BPMs; dJ, LVP indhanaṃ kāmam āpnuyāt.
2
C`-K‰-a…E-õÈc-U‰-^…P-P, , U‰ -u⁄T-R-`-±„T-R_-]/nŸ/_/, ,
[bha]viṣyatīndhanaṃ: dJ, LVP evaṃ satīndhanaṃ; Tib.
T/“N/-R/_/-/q/-T/]/Ã-/a/…E/-`-^E-, , U‰-U‰N-R_-P…-]nŸ_-R-^…P, , . Cf. Ye 2007.
3
N‰-/T/Z…/P-/a/…E/-C/…-üC-U-P…, , cÈE-NE-U-cÈE-
athendhanaṃ: read tathendhanaṃ; dJ, LVP atrendhane. MKTib, PSPTib
TCÈU-Rc-T§P, , cÈE-NE-U-cÈE-TCÈU-R-^…c, , N‰- /T/Z/…P/-/a/…E/-/`/-üC-U-T§P, , ; PG 可然亦如是, 餘如去
; ABh, BPTib, PPTib
來說; PPCh 如薪餘亦遮, 去來中已說; SM 餘法亦復然, 如去來品說. Cf. Ye 2007.

122
 paścā<j> jātir yyadi bhavej [ja]○rāmaraṇam āditaḥ •
āhaitukam 1 ajātasya syāj jarāmara(ṇaṃ katham* || XI.4
◄na jarāma)[raṇaṃ c]aiva 2 [jā]tiś ca sa[ha] yujyate • (5?)b3
mriyeta jāyamānaś ca syāc cāhaitukatobhayo(ḥ) 3 <||> (XI.5)
[ya]○tra na prabha[va]nty e[te] (pū)[rvvāpa](ra)[sahakkramā](ḥ) <•>
prapañca[yanti] tāṃ jātiṃ taj jarāmaraṇaṃ ca kiṃ • <||> (XI.6)
kāryyaṃ ca kāraṃṇa 4 caiva la○kṣyaṃ lakṣaṇam eva ca • {||}
vedanā vedakaś caiva santy arthā (ye ca ke) [cana] • <||> (XI.7)
▼(pūrvā na vidyate koṭi)[ḥ sa]ṃ[sārasya] (na keva)[laṃ • (5?)b4
sarvve]ṣām eva dharmmāṇāṃ 5 pūrvā koṭī na vidyate ||◘|| (XI.8)
pū○rvvāpa[ra]koṭiparī[kṣā] 6 nām(ai)[kādaśama](ṃ) ||◘||

svayaṃ kṛtaṃ parakṛtaṃ dvābhyāṃ kṛtam ahaitukaṃ 7 •

duḥkham ity eka iccha○nti tac ca kāryyan na yujyate • || (XII.1)
svayaṃ [kṛtaṃ] yadi bhavet* pratītya na [tato bha]ve[t*] <•>
▼(skandhān imān amī skandhāḥ saṃbhavanti pratītya hi || XII.2) (5?)b5
[yady amī]bhya ime 'nye syur ebhyo vā<mī> pa[re ya]di • ○
bhavet parakṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ parair ebhir a[mī] kṛtāḥ <||> (XII.3)
svapudga[lakṛ]taṃ [duḥkha]ṃ yadi duḥkhaṃ punar vvinā •
svapudgalaḥ sa kata[mo] ○ yena duḥkhaṃ svayaṃ kṛtaṃ • || (XII.4)
parapu[dgala]jaṃ duḥkhaṃ yadi ya[smai] (pradī)[yate] <•>
▼( pareṇa kṛtvā tad duḥkhaṃ sa duḥkhena vinā kutaḥ || XII.5) (5?)b6
[para]pud(g)alajaṃ duḥkhaṃ yadi kaḥ parapudgalaḥ •
○ vinā (du)[ḥkhena] yaḥ kṛtvā (paras)m[ai prahiṇoti] (ta)[t*] ||XII.6 8
svayaṃ kṛtasyāpra)[siddher duḥkha]ṃ [parakṛtaṃ kutaḥ ] <•>
[pa]ro [h]i [duḥ]○khaṃ [yat kuryāt tat tasya] syāt svayaṃ [kṛ]taṃ [•||] (XII.7)
(na tāva)[t svakṛta]ṃ [d](uḥkhaṃ na hi tenaiva tat kṛtam •)

1
āhaitukam: read āhetukam or ahaitukam? dJ, LVP ahetukam.
2
jarāmaraṇaṃ caiva: = dJ; LVP jarāmaraṇaiva.
3
cāhaitukatobhayo(ḥ): dJ, LVP cāhetu°.
4
kāraṃṇa: read kāraṇaṃ.
5
[sarvve]ṣām eva dharmmāṇāṃ: dJ, LVP sarveṣām api bhāvānāṃ; Tib.
NEÈc-éUc-MUc-FN-I…N-`-^E-, , ; PG,
PPCh 如是一切法; SM 諸法亦復然.
6
pūrvvāpa[ra]koṭiparī[kṣā]: = LVP; MKTib, PSPTib
¢ÈP-NE-p…-U]Ã-UM]-TåC-R ; ABh, BP
Tib, PPTib
]BÈ_-T-TåC-R ;
PG 觀本際；PPCh, SM 觀生死. Cf. Ye 2007.
7
ahaitukaṃ: dJ, LVP ahetukam.
8
This verse appears in dJ, LVP, MKTib, PSPTib, PG and SM, but is absent in ABh, BPTib, PPTib and PPCh. Cf.
Ye 2007.

123
 1 folio is lost

7a1 ▼na pratyayasamutpannaṃ nāpratyayasamutthitaṃ •

asti yasmād idaṃ karmma tasmāt karttāpi nāsty ataḥ <||> (XVII.29)
karmma ○ cen nāsti karttā ca kutaḥ syāt ka(r)mmaja(ṃ) phala(ṃ) •
[asaty atha phal](e) bhoktā kuta e[va] bhaviṣyati • <||> (XVII.30)
yathā ni(r)mmi(takaṃ) [śāstā] ○ ni(r)mm(i)[m](ī)[ta](rddhisaṃpadā •
nirmito nirmimītā)nya(ṃ) sa ca ni(rm)i(takaḥ punaḥ ||XVII.31)
7a2 ▼tathā nirmmitakākāraḥ karttā yat karmma tat kṛtaṃ •
tadyathā nirmmitenāśco 1 <nirmito> nirmmitas tathā || (XVII.32)
kleśāḥ karmmā○ṇi dehāś ca karttāraś ca phalāni ca •
gandharvvanagarākārā marīcisvapnasannibhā<ḥ> • ||◘|| (XVII.33)
dharmmadharmaparīkṣā 2 nā○ma saptadaśaṃ ||◘||

ātmā skandhā yadi bhaved udayavyayabh(āg) bh(vet* •)

7a3 ▼skandhebhyo 'nyo yadi bhaved bhaved askandhalakṣaṇaḥ || (XVIII.1)
ātmany asati cātmīyaṃ kuta eva bhaviṣyati •
nirmma○mo nirahaṃkāraḥ śamād ātmātmanīyayoḥ 3 ◊ (XVIII.2)
nirmmamo nirahaṃkāro yaś ca so 'pi na vidyate •
nirmmaman nirahaṃkāraṃ ○ yaḥ paśyati na paśyati • || (XVIII.3)
mamety aham iti kṣīṇe bahiś cāddhyātmam 4 eva (ca •)
7a4 ▼niruddhyata upādānaṃ tatkṣayāj janmanaḥ kṣayaḥ <||> (XVIII.4)
karmmakleśakṣayān mokṣaḥ karmmakleśā vikalpataḥ <•> ○
te prapaṃcāt prapañcas tu śūnyatāyāṃ niruddhyate • <||> (XVIII.5)
ātmety api prajñapti tad 5 anātmety api deśitaṃ •
buddhair ā○tmā nanātmā 6 kaścid ity api deśitaṃ • <||> (XVIII.6)
nivṛttam abhidhātavyaṃ nivṛttaś cittagoca[r](aḥ 7 •)
7a5 ▼anutpannāniruddho 8 hi nirvvāṇam iva dharmmatā • <||> (XVIII.7)

1
nirmmitenāśco: read °tenānyo = dJ, LVP.
2
dharmmadharmaparīkṣā: read karmaphalaparīkṣā(?).
3
ātmātmanīyayoḥ: dJ, LVP °ātmanīnayoḥ. Cf. Ye 2007.
4
bahiś cāddhyātmam: dJ, LVP bahirdhādhyātmam.
5
prajñapti tad: unmetrical, read prajñapitam(= dJ)? LVP [prajñapitam].
6
ātmā nanātmā: read nātmā na cānātmā = dJ, LVP.
7
nivṛttaś cittagoca[r](aḥ): = dJ; LVP nivṛtte cittagocare.
8
anutpannāniruddho: read °ddhā = dJ, LVP.

124
 sarvvan tathyaṃ na vā tatthyaṃ tathyaṃ cātatthyam eva ca • {||} ○
naivātatthyaṃ naiva tathya{ṃ}m etat tad buddhaśāsanaṃ 1 • <||> (XVIII.8)
aparapratyayaṃ śāntaṃ prapañcair aprapañcitaṃ •
nirvvikalpa○m anānārtham etat tatvasya lakṣaṇaṃ || (XVIII.9)
pratītya yad yad bhavati na hi tāvat tad eva ta(t* •)
▼(nacā)[nya]d api tat [ta]smān nocchedo na śāśvataṃ 2 • || (XVIII.10) 7a6
anekārtham anānārtham etat tatvasya lakṣaṇaṃ • ○
pratītya yad yad bhavati 3 buddhānāṃ śāsanāmṛtaṃ • <||> (XVIII.11)
sambuddhānām anutpāde śrāvakānāṃ punaḥ kṣaye •
jñānaṃ pratye○kabuddhānām asaṃsarggāt pravarttate • || ◘|| (XVIII.12)
saddharmmaparīkṣāṣṭādaśamaṃ 4 pra(karaṇam* ||◎||)

▼(pra)tyutpann[o] 'nā[gataś ca] yady a[t](ī)tam apekṣya ti 5 <•> 7b1

pratyutpanno 'nāgataś ca kāle 'tīte bhaviṣyataḥ <||> (XIX.1)
pratyutpa○nno 'nāgataś ca na stas tattra punar yyadi •
pratyutpanno 'nāgataś ca syatāṃ 6 katham apekṣya taṃ • <||> (XIX.2)
anapekṣya punaḥ siddhi○r nātītaṃ vidyate yayoḥ 7 <•>
pratyutpanno 'nāgataś ca tasmāt kālo na vidyate • <||> (XIX.3)
etenaivā[v](aśiṣṭau dvau) ▼ kkramena parivarttakau • 7b2
uttamādhamamaddhyādīn ekatvādīṃś ca lakṣayet* <||> (XIX.4)
nāsthito gṛhyate kālaḥ ○ sthitaḥ kālo na gṛhyate 8 •
yo gṛhyetāgṛhītaś ca kālaḥ prajñapyate kathaṃ • || (XIX.5)

1
etat tad buddhaśāsanaṃ: dJ, LVP etad buddhānuśāsanam; MKTib, BPTib(DC), PSPTib
N‰-P…-cEc-îc-ä‰c-T§P-
R]È, ,; BP Tib(PNG), ABh, PPTib
N‰-P…-cEc-îc-T§P-R]È, , . Cf. Ye 2007.
2
nocchedo na śāśvataṃ: one syllable is missing; read nocchedo na <ca> śāśvataṃ? dJ, LVP nocchinnaṃ nāpi
śāśvatam.
3
etat tatvasya lakṣaṇaṃ • pratītya yad yad bhavati: the scribe seems to have copied XVIII.9d and 10a here
by mistake. Read as dJ and LVP, anekārtham anānārtham anucchedam aśāśvatam / etat tal lokanāthānāṃ
buddhānāṃ śāsanāmṛtam //.
4
saddharmmaparīkṣā: LVP ātmaparīkṣā; PSPTib
TNC-TåC-R; MK Tib, ABh, BPTib, PPTib
TNC-NE-GÈc-TåC-R ; PG,
PPCh, SM 觀法.
5
ti: read hi = dJ, LVP.
6
syatāṃ: read syātāṃ = dJ, LVP.
7
yayoḥ: read tayoḥ? dJ, LVP tayoḥ; Tib.
N‰-CI…c.
8
CPc-R-^ÈN-R-U-^…/P/-Rc, , .
gṛhyate: read vidyate(?) = dJ, LVP vidyate; Tib.

125
 kālaṃ pratītya bhāvaś 1 cet kālo ○ bhāvād ṛte kutaḥ <•>
na ca kaś cana bhāvo 'sti kutaḥ kālo bhaviṣyati • ||◘|| (XIX.6)
7b3 kālap(arīkṣā nāma) ▼ ūnaviṃśat* ||◘||

hetoś ca pratyayānāṃ ca sāmagryā jāyate yadi <•>

phalam asti ca [sāmagryāṃ] ○ sāmagryā{ṃ} jāyate katham* || (XX.1)
hetoś ca pratyayānāṃ ca sāmagryā jāyate yadi •
phalaṃ nāsti ca sāmagryāṃ ○ sāmagryā jāyate kathaṃ • || (XX.2)
hetoś ca pratyayānāṃ ca sāmagryā<m> asti cet phalaṃ •
7b4 [gṛ](hyeta nanu) ▼ sāmagryāṃ sāmagryāṃ ca na gṛhyate • || (XX.3)
hetoś ca pratyayānāṃ ca sāmagryāṃ nāsti cet phalam* <•>
he[ta]vaḥ ○ pratyayāś ca {s}syur ahetupratyayaiḥ samā<ḥ> || (XX.4)
hetu<ṃ> phalasya datvā ca 2 yadi hetur nniruddhyate •
yad dattaṃ yan niruddhaṃ ○ ca hetor ātmadvayaṃ bhavet* <||> (XX.5)
hetuṃ phalasyādatvā ca yadi hetur niruddhyate •
7b5 hetau ni(ruddhe jātaṃ) ▼ tat phalam āhaitukaṃ 3 bhavet* <||> (XX.6)
[phala]ṃ sahaiva sāmagryā{ṃ} yadi prādurbhavet punaḥ <•>
ekakā[le] prasajyeta 4 ○ janako yaś ca janyate • <||> (XX.7)
pūrvvam evātha 5 sāmagryāḥ phalaṃ prādurbhaved yadi •
hetupratyayani○rmuktaṃ phalam āhaitukaṃ 6 bhavet* <||> (XX.8)
niruddhe cet phalaṃ hetau hetoḥ saṃk[kra]maṇ(a)ṃ (bhavet* •)
7b6 ▼pūrvvajāta[sya] hetoś ca punarjanma prasajyate • <||> (XX.9)
janayet phalam utpannaṃ niruddh[ā]staṃgataḥ 7 kathaṃ •
hetus tiṣṭhann ipi 8 kathaṃ 9 phalena janayed (vṛ)taḥ <||> (XX.10)

1
kālaṃ pratītya bhāvaś: read bhāvaṃ pratītya kālaś = dJ, LVP.
2
hetu<ṃ> phalasya datvā ca: = dJ; LVP hetukaṃ phalasya dattvā.
3
āhaitukaṃ: read āhetukaṃ(?) = dJ, LVP.
4
ekakāle prasajyeta: read ekakālau prasajyete = dJ, LVP.
5
evātha: read eva ca = dJ, LVP.
6
āhaitukaṃ: read āhetukaṃ(?) = dJ, LVP.
7
niruddh[ā]staṃgataḥ: read niruddho ’staṃgataḥ = dJ, LVP.
8
ipi: read api = dJ.
9
hetus tiṣṭhann ipi kathaṃ: dJ hetus tiṣṭhann api kathaṃ; LVP tiṣṭhann api kathaṃ [hetuḥ].

126
 athāvṛtaḥ phalenāsau katamaṃ 1 jana○yet phalaṃ •
na hy ad[ṛṣṭvā ca dṛṣṭv]ā ca 2 hetur janaya[te] phalaṃ • || (XX.11)
n(ātītasya hy atītena ◄ phalasya saha het)[u]nā • (8)a1
nājātena na jātena sangatir jātu vidyate • <||> (XX.12)
nājātasyāpy 3 ajātena phalasya saha he○tunā •
nātītena na jātena saṃgatir jātu vidyate • <||> (XX.13)
na jātasya 4 hi jātena phalasya saha hetunā •
nājātena na naṣṭena ○ [saṃ]gati(r) [jātu vi]dya[te] <||> (XX.14)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. na pha[la]sya sa[ha he]tunā •
nā[sty] ajātasya jā[te]na ▼ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. • 5 (8)a2
asatyāṃ saṃgatau hetuḥ kathaṃ janayate phalaṃ <•>
satyāṃ vā saṃgatau hetuḥ kathaṃ janayate ○ phalaṃ || (XX.15)
hetuḥ phalena śunyaś 6 cet kathañ janayate phalaṃ <•>
hetuḥ phalenāśūnyaś cet kathañ janayate phalaṃ <||> (XX.16)
phalaṃ notpadyate 7 'śū○nyam aśūnyan na nirotsyate •
ani(ru)[ddha]m anutpannam aśūnyaṃ tad bhaviṣyati • <||> (XX.17)
katham utpatsyate śūnyaṃ ▼ (kathaṃ śūnyaṃ niro)tsyate • (8)a3
śūnyam apy aniruddhan tad anutpannaṃ prasajyate • <||> (XX.18)
hetoḥ phalasya caikatvaṃ na hi jātū○papadyate •
hetoḥ phalasya cānyatvaṃ{n} na hi jātūpapadyate • || (XX.19)
ekatve phalahetvos syād aikyaṃ janakajanyayoḥ <•>
pṛthaktve phalahetvoḥ ○ syāt tulyo hetur ahetunā • <||> (XX.20)
phalaṃ svabhāvasadbhūtaṃ kiṃ hetur janayiṣyate 8 •
phalaṃ svabhāvāsadbhūtam* ▼ (kiṃ hetur janayi)ṣyati • (XX.21) (8)a4
na cājanayamānasya hetutvam upapadyate •
hetutvānupapa{r}ttau ca phalaṃ kasya bhavi○ṣyati • || (XX.22)

1
katamaṃ: cf. BHSG § 21.11; dJ, LVP katamaj.
2
[ca dṛṣṭv]ā ca: dJ na dṛṣṭvāpi; LVP vā dṛṣṭvā vā. Cf. Ye 2007.
3
]/{/c/-T/“ -/U/-/´/‰c/-î‡-U-´‰c, , ;
nājātasyāpy: read nājātasya hi = BPMs; dJ, LVP na jātasya hi; ABh, PPTib, BPTib
MKTib, PSPTib
]/{/c/-/T/“-/´‰/c/-R/-î‡-U-´‰c, , ; PG 若言未來因. Cf. Ye 2007.
4
]/{/c/-/T“/-/´‰/c/-R/-î‡-´‰c-NE-, , ; MK ]/{/c/-T/“-/
na jātasya: = BP ; dJ, LVP nājātasya; ABh, PP , BP Tib, PSPTib
U/-/´/‰c/-î‡-´‰c-NE-, , ; PG 若言現在因. Cf. Ye 2007.
Ms Tib Tib

5
This verse, of which only pādas b and c are left, might be superfluous. It does not appear in any of other
texts.
6
śunyaś: read śūnyaś.
7
notpadyate: = BPMs; dJ, LVP notpatsyate.
8
janayiṣyate: read °ṣyati = dJ, LVP.

127
 na ca pratyayahetūnām iyam ātmānam ātmanā •
yā sāmagrī janayate kathaṃ janayate 1 phalaṃ • <||> (XX.23)
na sāmagrīkṛ○taṃ tasmān 2 nāsāmagrīkṛtaṃ phalaṃ •
asti pratyayasāmagrī kuta eva phalaṃ vinā ||◘|| (XX.24)
(8)a5 sāmagrīhetu▼(phalaparīkṣā 3 nāma viṃśatitamam*) ||◘||

vinā vā saha vā nāsti vibhavaḥ saṃbhavena vai •

vinā vā saha vā nāsti saṃbhavo vibhavena vai || (XXI.1)
bhaviṣyati kathaṃ nāma vibhavaḥ saṃbhavaṃ vinā •
vinaiva janma maraṇaṃ na bhāvo 4 nodbhavaṃ vinā || (XXI.2)
saṃbhavenaiva ○ vibhavaḥ kathaṃ saha bhaviṣyati •
na janma maraṇaṃ caiva 5 tulyakālaṃ hi vidyate • || (XXI.3)
(8)a6 bhaviṣyati [ka]thaṃ nāma ▼ (saṃbhavo vibhavaṃ vin)ā •
anityatā hi bhāveṣu na kadācin na vidyate • <||> (XXI.4) 6
sahānyonyena vā siddhir vvinānyonyena vā yayoḥ <•>
na vidyate tayoḥ siddhiḥ kathan nu [kha]lu vidyate • || (XXI.6)
kṣayasya saṃbhavo nāsti nākṣayasyāsti saṃbhavaḥ <•>
kṣaya○sya vibhavo nāsti vibhavo nākṣayasya ca • || (XXI.7)
saṃbhavaṃ vibhavaṃ caiva vinā bhāvo na vidyate <•>
(8)b1 ▼(saṃbhavo vibhavaś caiva) vinā bhāvān 7 na vidyate • <||> (XXI.8) 8
saṃbhavo vibhavaś caiva na śūnyasyopapadyate •

1
î‡-éUc-NE-P…-ì‰P-NC-C…, , WÍCc-R-CE-^…P-
kathaṃ janayate: dJ sā kathaṃ janayet; LVP [sā] kathaṃ janayet; Tib.
N‰-^…c-P…, , TNC-C…c-TNC-I…N-U…-´‰N-P, , ]{c-T“-H…-/õ/_/-´/‰N/ -R/_/-q/‰N/, ,
. Cf. Ye 2007.
2
na sāmagrīkṛtaṃ tasmān: dJ, LVP na sāmagrīkṛtaṃ phalaṃ; Saito 1985, tasmān na sāmagrīkṛtaṃ; ABh,
PPTib, BPTib
N‰]Ã-p…_-WÍCc-Rc-qc-R-NE-, ,; MK
N‰-p…_-WÍCc-Rc-qc-R-U‰N, , ; PG, PP 是故果不從.Cf. Ye 2007.
Tib, PSPTib
3
WÍCc-R-TåC-R; ABh, PP , BP î‡-NE- Ch

sāmagrīhetu(phalaparīkṣā): LVP: sāmagrīparīkṣā; MK , PSP

]{c-T“-TåC-R Tib Tib Tib Tib

; PG, SM 觀因果; PPCh 觀因果和合.

4
na bhāvo: read vibhavo = dJ, LVP.
5
caiva: = Saito 1985; dJ, LVP caivaṃ.
6
A verse, which appears in dJ and LVP as XXI. 5, is found in all Tibetan translations and PPCh, but is absent
in SM and MKMs. PG seems to have merged PSP XXI 3 and 5 in to one as the 3rd verse of this chapter (Cf.
Ye 2007). The numbering of the following verses in this edition follows LVP and dJ.
7
bhāvān: abl.; dJ, LVP bhāvaṃ.
8
dJ, LVP saṃbhavo vibhavaś caiva vinā bhāvaṃ na vidyate / saṃbhavaṃ vibhavaṃ caiva vinā bhāvo na
vidyate //; PG若離於成壞, 是亦無有法, 若當離於法, 亦無有成壞; PPCh 若離彼成壞, 則無有物體, 是
成壞二法, 離物體亦無. ABh, PPTib, BPTib, PG and PPCh follow the same pāda order with our manuscript.
MKTib and PSPTib follow the order of dJ and LVP. No equivalent verse is found in SM. Cf. Ye 2007.

128
 saṃbhavo ○ vibhavaś caiva nāśūnyasyopapadyate • || (XXI.9)
saṃbhavo vibhavaś caiva naikam 1 ity upapadyate •
saṃ[bhavo] vibhavaś caiva na nānety upa○padyate • || (XXI.10)
dṛśyate saṃbhavaś caiva vi[bhavaś ceti 2 te bhavet*] <•>
(dṛ)[śya](te) [saṃ](bhava)[ś c](aiva mohād vibha)[va eva ca] • || (XXI.11)
▼(na bhāvāj jāya)te bhāvo 'bhāvo bhāvān na jāyate • (8)b2
nābhāvāj jāyate bhāvo 'bhāvo 'bhāvān na jāyate • (XXI.12) 3
na svato ○ jāyate bhāvaḥ parato naiva jāyate •
na sva[taḥ] parataś caiva [jā]yate jā[yate] kutaḥ <||> (XXI.13)
[bhā]vam abhyupapannasya śāśvatoccheda○darśanaṃ • {||}
prasajyate sa bhāvo hi nityo 'nity(o) ['p]i 4 [v](ā) [bhavet*] <||> (XXI.14)
(bhāvam a)[bhy](upapannasya naivoc)ch(edo) [na] (śāśva◄tam* • (8)b3
u)dayavyayasantānaḥ phalahetvor bhavaḥ sa hi • (XXI.15)
udayavyayasantānaḥ phalahetvor bhavaḥ○ sa cet* <•>
vyayasyepunarutpatter 5 hetūcchedaḥ prasajyate <||> (XXI.16)
[sadbhāvasya] svabhāvena nāsadbhāvaś ca yujyate • {||}
nirvvāṇakāle cocche○daḥ praśamād bhavasa[nta]teḥ <||> (XXI.17)
carame na niruddhe ca prathamo yujya[te bhavaḥ •
carame] nāniruddh(e) ca prathamo ▼ (yujyate bha)[v]aḥ <||> (XXI.18) (8)b4
niruddhyamāne carame prathamo yadi jāyate • {||}
niruddhyamāna eke sya 6 jāyamāno ○ aparo 7 bhavet*<||> (XXI.19)

1
naikam: dJ, LVP naika.
2
UMÈE-EÈ-£/U/-O/ÿ-mÈN-c‰Uc-P, , . Cf. Ye 2007.
ceti: dJ, LVP caiva; Tib.
3
dJ, LVP na bhāvāj jāyate bhāvo bhāvo ’bhāvān na jāyate / nābhāvāj jāyate ’bhāvo ’bhāvo bhāvān na
jāyate //; MKTib, PSPTib
NEÈc-RÈ-NEÈc-`c-U…-´‰-§‰, , NEÈ c-RÈ-NEÈc-U‰N-`c-U…-´‰, , NEÈc-U ‰N-NEÈc-U‰N-U…-´‰-§‰, , NEÈc-U‰N-NEÈc-
`c-U…-´‰]È, , ; ABh, BP , PP
NEÈc-RÈ-NEÈc-`c-U…-´‰-§‰, , NEÈ c-U‰N-NEÈc-`c-U… -´‰]È, , NEÈc-RÈ-NEÈc-U‰N-U…-´‰-§‰, , NEÈc-U‰N-
NEÈc-U‰N-U…-´‰]È, , (BP U‰N for ^ÈN in pāda c); PG 從法不生法, 亦不生非法, 從非法不生, 法及於
Tib Tib

Tib mistake
非法; PPCh 有體不生體, 亦不生無體, 無體不生體, 亦不生無體; SM 有體不生體, 無體不生體, 體不
生無體, 有無體不生. Due to the absence of avagraha in our manuscript, there are two different ways to
read this verse. One is shown in the edition, which is followed by the ABh, PPTib, BPTib, PG and PPCh, the
other is indentical to the reading of dJ and LVP, and confirmed by MKTib, PSPTib and partly by SM.
4
['p]i: dJ ’tha; LVP [’tha]. Cf. Ye 2007.
5
vyayasyepunarutpatter: read vyayasyā° = dJ, LVP.
6
eke sya: read ekaḥ syāj = dJ, LVP.
7
aparo: read ’paro = dJ, LVP.

129
 na cen niruddhyamānaś ca jāyamānaś ca vidyate 1 •
sārdhdhaṃ ca yeṣu mriyate 2 teṣu skandheṣu jāyate • || (XXI.20) ○
e[va]ṃ tri[ṣ]v ap(i) [kāleṣu] na yuktā [bhava]santatiḥ <•>
y(ā) nāsti tri[ṣu kāle]ṣu kutaḥ s(ā) [bhavasaṃtatiḥ] • ||◘|| 3 (XXI.21)
(8)b5 ▼ (saṃbhavavibhava)parīkṣā ekaviṃśat prakaraṇaṃ || ◘ ||

skandhā na nyānanyaḥ 4 skandhebhyo nāsmin skandhā na teṣu ○ saḥ <•>

tathāgataḥ skandhavān na katamo nu 5 tathāgataḥ || (XXII.1)
buddha 6 skandhān upādāya yadi nāsti svabhāvataḥ <•>
svabhāvata○ś ca yo nāsti kutaḥ sa parabhāvataḥ || (XXII.2)
pratītya parabhāvaṃ yaḥ sa nātmety 7 upapadyate •
(8)b6 ▼(yaś cānātmā) sa ca kathaṃ bhaviṣyati tathāgataḥ || (XXII.3)
yadi nāsti svabhā[vaś ca para]bhāvaḥ kathaṃ bhavāt* 8 <•> ○
svabhāvaparabhāvābhyām ṛte kaḥ sa tathāgataḥ || (XXII.4)
skandhān yady anupādāya bhavet kaścit tathāgataḥ <•> {||}
{skandhān ya○dy anupādāya bhavet kaścit tathāgataḥ}
sa idānīm upādadyād upādāya tato bhavet* || (XXII.5)

1
üP-F…C-Lfi-^E-_…/C/c-/U…P-P, , üP-F…C-ÆÈ_-T]E-^È/N/-/U…P-
vidyate: dJ, LVP yujyate; MKTib, PSPTib ; ABh, BPTib, PPTib
P, ,
. Cf. Ye 2007.
2
yeṣu mriyate: dJ, LVP mriyate yeṣu.
3
y(ā) nāsti tri[ṣu kāle]ṣu kutaḥ s(ā) [bhavasaṃtatiḥ] • //: dJ triṣu kāleṣu yā nāsti sā kathaṃ bhavasaṃtatiḥ;
Oÿc-Cc“U-NC-Lfi-CE-U‰N-R, , N‰-P…-H…-õ_-~…N-R]Ã-î‡P, ,
LVP [triṣu kāleṣu yā nāsti sā kathaṃ bhavasaṃtatiḥ]; Tib. . Cf. Ye
2007.
4
nyānanyaḥ: read nānyaḥ = dJ, LVP.
5
N‰-TZ…P-Ca‰Cc-R-CE-Z…C-^…P, ,
nu: dJ, LVP ’tra. Tib. . Cf. Ye 2007.
6
buddha: read buddhaḥ = dJ, LVP .
7
sa nātmety: = Saito 1985; dJ, LVP so ’nātmety.
8
bhavāt: read bhavet = dJ, LVP.

130
 Buddhapālita-mūlamadhyamaka-vṛtti

Around 8 folios from the beginning are lost. ……

P Tsa 190b8, N Tsa 181b5, G Tsa 259a2, D Tsa 169a7, C Tsa 165b1

…
TCÈU-`-]uÈ-T-^ÈN-P-P…, ,
(gamyamānasya gamane ]uÈ-T-CI…c-c“-M`- ▾]nŸ_-K‰, ,
1
P 191a
prasaktaṃ gamanadvayam • CE-C…c-TCÈU-R-N‰-NE-P…, ,
yena tad gamyamānaṃ ca
yac cātra gamanaṃ punaḥ || II.5)
N‰-`-]uÈ-T-CE-^…P-R]È, , (II.5)
(9?)a1 ◄(gamyamānasya gatiyuktasya gamane
TCÈU-R-]uÈ-T-NE-úP-▾R-`-]uÈ-T_-TåCc- P, ]uÈ- D 169b2

kalpyamāne gamanadvayaṃ pra)s(a)jyate T-CI…c-c“-M`-T_-]nŸ_-K‰, ]uÈ-T-NE-úP-Rc-TCÈU-

• yena ca gamanena yogā○d R-Z‰c-q-T_- ]nŸ_-T-NE-, N‰-`-]uÈ-T-Z‰c-q-T]Ã-]uÈ-
3
gamyamānam iti bhavati • yac ca
[gamya]ta ity attra punar dv[i]tīyaṃ
T-CI…c-R_-TåC-R]È, , ]uÈ-T-CI…c-c“-P…-U…-]NÈN-
gamanaṃ [kalpyate • na] ca Rc-N‰]Ã-p…_-N‰-^E-U…-]MN-NÈ, , (II.5)
gamanadvayam iṣṭaṃ tasmād etad a○pi
nopapadyate • (II.5) N‰-`-´ÈP-CZP-]N…-^E-^ÈN-NÈ , , TaN-R, , 4

ayaṃ cāttra doṣaḥ <•>

]uÈ-T-CI…c-c“-M`-]nŸ_- P, , 5

]uÈ-T-RÈ-^E-CI…c-c“-]nŸ_, ,
dvau gantārau prasajyete • CE-p…_-]uÈ-RÈ-U‰N-R_-P…, ,
[prasakte] gamanadvaye • (II.6ab)
]uÈ-T-]MN-R_-U…-]nŸ_-▾p…_, , (II.6) N 182a
(9?)a2 gamanadvay(e) pra▼(sakte dvau ca ]uÈ-T-CI…c-c“-M`-T_-]nŸ_- P-]uÈ-T-RÈ-^E-CI…c-c“-
6

gantārau prasajyete • kutaḥ •

M`-T_-]nŸ_-K‰ , F…]Ã-p…_-Z‰-P,
gantāraṃ hi tiraskṛt)y(a) CE-p…_-]uÈ-RÈ-U‰N-R_-P…, ,
gamanaṃ nopapadyate • (II.6cd) ]uÈ-T-]MN-R_-U…-]nŸ_-p…_, , (II.6cd)

1
PNG add
T_ .
2 TåCc: PNG TåC .
3 q-T_: P q]E .
4 NÈ , ,: PNG N‰ , ; C N‰ , , .
5, 6 ]nŸ_: PNG nŸ_ .
131
 yasmāt sa○ti gantari gamanaṃ bhavati •
CE-C…-p…_-]uÈ-T-RÈ-^ÈN-P-]uÈ-T-^E-^ÈN-l…, ]uÈ-T-
na gantāraṃ pratyākhyāya gamanaṃ RÈ-ßEc-P-]uÈ-T-U‰N-R-N‰]Ã-p…_-]uÈ-T-CI…c-c“-M`-
bhavati • tasmād gamanadvaye prasakte T_-]nŸ_- P-]uÈ-T-RÈ-^E-CI…c-c“-M`-T_-]nŸ_-Tc-
1
• dvau gantārau pra○sajyete • tac
cāniṣṭaṃ • tad evam anekadoṣaprasaṃgād
N‰-^E-U…-]NÈN-N‰, N‰]Ã-p…_-N‰-õ_-´ÈP-Oÿ-U-^ÈN-Rc-
2

gamyamānaṃ naiva gamyate • yasmāc TCÈU-R-`-]uÈ-T-U‰N-R-I…N-NÈ, , CE-C…-p…_-cÈE-T-

(9?)a3 ca ▼ (na gate nāgate na gamyamāne
gamanam upapadyate tasmā)n n[ai]va
NE-U-▾cÈE-T-NE-TCÈU-R-`- ]uÈ-T-U…-]MN-R-N‰]Ã- G 259b
3

gamanaṃ vidyate •|| (II.6) p…_-]uÈ-T-U‰N-R-BÈ-P]È, , (II.6)

attrāha • ○ yady api na gate nāgate na

]N… _ -μc-R, cÈ E -T-NE-U-cÈ E -T-NE-TCÈ U -R-`-
gamyamāne <<gamana>>m upapadyate • ]uÈ - T-U… - ]MN-Oÿ - \… P -lE-, ]uÈ - T-RÈ - `-Tå‰ P -R]à -
tathāpi gaṃtrāśrayam eva gamanam asti • ]uÈ - T-^È N -R-I… N -N‰ , ]N… - õ_-]uÈ - T-RÈ - `-]uÈ -
gaṃtari hi gama○nam upalabhyata iti •||
ucyate •
T-NU…Cc-R]Ã-p…_-_È, , TaN-R,
C`-K‰-]uÈ-RÈ-U‰N-nŸ_-P, ,
gaṃtāraṃ cet tiraskṛtya
gamanaṃ nopapadyate • (II.7ab)
]uÈ-T-]MN-R_-U…-]nŸ_-K‰, , (II.7ab) 4

(9?)a4 prāg abhihitaṃ • ▼ (na gantāraṃ tiraskṛtya

]uÈ-RÈ-U‰N-R_-nŸ_-P-]uÈ-T-]MN-R_-U…-]nŸ_- T_-P…-
gamanam upapadyate • yadi gant)āraṃ ¢_-T§P-\…P-KÈ, , C`-K‰-]uÈ-T-RÈ-U‰N-R_-nŸ_-P-
pratyākhyāya gamanaṃ nopa○padyate ]uÈ-T-]MN-R_-U…-]nŸ_-P-CE-]uÈ-T-RÈ-`-Tå‰P- F…E- 5
• katarat tad gamanaṃ yad gantrāśrayaṃ
gantari varttate •||
]uÈ-T-RÈ-`-]H“C-R]Ã-]uÈ-T-N‰-CE-^…P,
μc-R, CE-]uÈ - T-RÈ - `-]H“ C -R]Ã - ]uÈ - T-CZP-
āha • na brūmo 'nyad gamanaṃ gantuḥ
pṛthagbhūtam a○sti yad gantari varttata
]uÈ - T-RÈ - `c-M-NN-Oÿ - nŸ _ -R-^È N -NÈ - Z‰ c -P… - U… -
iti • kiṃ tu yena gamanena yogād gaṃteti μ]È, , ]N…-õ_-]uÈ-T-CE-NE- ▾ úP-Rc-]uÈ-T-RÈ- P 191b
6

bhavati • tad astīti brūmaḥ || Z‰c-q-T_-]nŸ_-T-N‰-^ÈN-NÈ-Z‰c-μ]È, ,

1 ]nŸ_: PNG nŸ_ .

2 N‰,: P NÈ , , .
3 `: PNG R .
4
G adds
]uÈ-RÈ-U‰N-nŸ_-P, , ]uÈ-T-]MN-R_-U…-]nŸ_-K‰,
5 Tå‰P: PNG å‰P .
6 μ]È, , : PNG μ]…, .
132
 ]N…_-TaN-R, ,
(9?)a5 ▼(ucyate • ▾]uÈ-T-U‰N-P-]uÈ-T-RÈ, , C 166a
gamane 'sati gantātha ^ÈN-R-I…N-Oÿ-C-`-]nŸ_, , (II.7cd)
kuta eva bhaviṣyati || II.7 cd

yadi kiṃci)d anāśrayaṃ gamanaṃ

C`-K‰-å‰P-F“E-\N-lE-U‰N-R]Ã-]uÈ-T-Z…C-_T-Lfi-u⁄T-
prasiddhaṃ syāt tena ○ gantur agantur R_-nŸ_-P-P…-N‰-NE-]uÈ-T-RÈ]U, ]uÈ-T-RÈ-U-^…P-R-
vvā yogaḥ syāt* <•> na ca pṛthagbhūtam úP-R_-^E-]nŸ_-uE-P, M-NN-R_-nŸ_-R-å‰P-U‰N-
anāśrayaṃ gamanaṃ kiñcid asti <•>
tenedānīṃ pṛthagasiddhena1 ○ gamanena
R]Ã-▾]uÈ-T-P…-]C]-^E-U‰N-N‰, N‰c-P-M-NN-R_-u⁄T- D 170a
vinā kuta eva <<te>> gamanayogād gantā R]Ã-]uÈ-T-U‰N-R_-mÈN-l…- ]uÈ-T-NE- úP-Rc-]uÈ-T-
1 2

bhaviṣyati <•> gantari cāsati kasya

(9?)a6 gamanaṃ syāt* <•> ▼ (tasmān nāsti
RÈ _ -]nŸ _ -T-^È N -R-I… N -Oÿ - C-`-]nŸ _ , ]uÈ - T-RÈ -
gamanam || ▾ U‰ N - P - ^ E- c “ - ^ … - ] uÈ - T _- ] nŸ _ - K ‰ , N‰ - T c- P - ] uÈ - T - N 182b

▾U‰N-NÈ, , G 260a

āha • kim anena prapañcena • ya)d

μc-R, ≥Èc-R-]N…c-F…-q, CE-`-õÈc- Pc-]uÈ]È, , 4

apekṣya gacchatīti {•} bhavati {•} ta○d Z‰c-q-T-N‰-]uÈ-T-^…P-PÈ, ,

gamanaṃ •|| ]N…_-TaN-R, C`-K‰-]uÈ]È Z‰c-q-T-N‰-I…N-_T-Lfi-
5

ucyate • syād edaṃ2 gamanaprasiddhir

u⁄T-R_-nŸ_-P-P…-N‰c-P-]uÈ-T-^E-_T-Lfi-]u⁄T-R_-
yyadi gacchatīty etad eva prasiddhaṃ ]nŸ _ -uE-P, N‰ - _T-Lfi - U… - ]u⁄ T -Rc-]uÈ - T-_T-Lfi -
syān na caitat prasiddhyati • ○ kuto
gamanaṃ prasetsyati • (II.7)
]u⁄T-R_-C-`-]nŸ_, (II.7)

tat katham iti <•> iha sati gamane gaṃtā vā

H…-õ_-Z‰-P, ]N…-`-]uÈ-T-Z…C-^ÈN-P-]uÈ-T-RÈ-]U,
gacched agantā vā <||> ]uÈ-T-RÈ-U-^…P-R-]uÈ-uE-P,
(9?)b1 ▼ (ucyate • ]N…_-TaN-R,

1
pṛthagasiddhena: read pṛthaksiddhena. 1 l…: DC l…c .
2
edaṃ: read evaṃ. 2
PNGDC omit
NE .
3 õÈc: PNG TõÈc .
4 ]uÈ]È: DC ]uÈ-RÈ.

133
 _‰-Z…C-]uÈ-RÈ-U…-]uÈ-§‰, ,
gantā na gacchate1 tāvad ]uÈ-T-RÈ-U…P-]uÈ-T- U…P, ,
1

agantā naiva gacchati • ]uÈ-RÈ-]uÈ-RÈ-U…P-`c-CZP, ,

anyo gantur aga)[ntu]ś ca
kas tṛtīyo 'tha2 gacchati • (II.8)
Cc“U-R-CE-Z…C-]uÈ-T_-]nŸ_, , (II.8)
tasmā..3 ○ gacchatīty eva <<na>> sidhyati • N‰-Tc-P-]uÈ]È-Z‰c-q-T-I…N-U…-]u⁄T-TÈ , , F…]Ã-p…_-Z‰-
2

kutaḥ <•> anupapatteḥ <||> (II.8)

P, U…-]MN-R]Ã-p…_-_È, , (II.8)

katham iti •
H…-õ_-Z‰-P ,
gaṃtā tāvad gacchatīti _‰-Z…C-]uÈ-RÈ-]uÈ]È-Z‰c, ,
katham evopapatsyate • H…-õ_-]MN-R-I…N-Oÿ-]nŸ_, ,
gamanena vinā ○ gaṃtā
yadā naivopapadyate <||> (II.9)
]uÈ-T-U‰N-P-]uÈ-T-RÈ, ,
PU-^E-]MN-R_-U…-]nŸ_-_È, , (II.9)
iha gantā gacchatīty attraikā gamikkriyā
(9?)b2 sā ca gacchat(ī)ty [attropa](yuktā • ◄ tena
]N…-`-]uÈ-T-RÈ-]uÈ]È- Z‰c-q-T-`, ]uÈ-T]Ã-q-T-
3

gatirahito gantā yathā Guptaś Caitraś ca CF…C-R“-Z…C-^ÈN-R-N‰-P…-]uÈ]È- Z‰c-q-T-N‰-`-I‰-T_-

4

saṃjñāmātraṃ prasajya)te • na caitad Æ_-Tc-N‰ c -P-]uÈ - T-RÈ - P… - ]uÈ - T-NE-{`-K‰ , Dÿ -

iṣṭaṃ • tad yadā gamanena ○ vinā gantā
naivopapadyate • tadā kathaṃ KR - NE-VË - v-TZ… P -Oÿ - U… E -VU-Oÿ - nŸ _ -R_-M`-T_-
5

nāme{<<ga>>}dam upapatsyate gantā ]nŸ_-Tc-N‰-^E-U…-]NÈN-NÈ, , N‰]Ã-p…_- CE-C…-WÂ-

6

gacchatīti <||> (II.9)

]uÈ-T-U‰N-P-]uÈ-T-RÈ-PU-^E-]MN-R_-U…-]nŸ_-T-N‰]Ã-
WÂ-]uÈ-T-RÈ-]uÈ]È-Z‰c-q-T-N‰-H…-õ_-]MN-R-I…N-Oÿ-
]nŸ_, (II.9)

1
gacchate: = MacDonald 2007; dJ, LVP gacchati. 1 T: DC RÈ.
2
'tha: = dJ; LVP hi. 2 TÈ: PNDC RÈ.
3
tasmā..: read tasmād. 3
DC add .
,,
4 ]uÈ]È: DC ]uÈ .
5 Dÿ-KR: DC DÿT-K.
6 p…_: DC WÂ .
134
 kiṃ ca bhūyaḥ <•>
^E-CZP-^E-TaN-R,
pakṣo gantā gacchatī○ti CE-C…-pÈCc-`-]uÈ-T-RÈ, ,
yasya tasya na yujyate1 • ]uÈ-T-▾N‰-`-]uÈ-U‰N-R]Ã, , P 192a
gamanena vinā gantā
gantur ggamanam icchataḥ <||>
]uÈ-RÈ-^…P-R_-M`-]nŸ_-K‰, ,
(II.10) ]uÈ-▾RÈ-]uÈ-T_-]NÈN-p…_-_È, , (II.10) G 260b
(9?)b3 yasya tu mataṃ mā bhū▼(d eṣa doṣa iti
CE-C…-pÈCc-`-´ÈP-N‰_-nŸ_-P-U…-_“E-EÈ-£U-Rc-]uÈ-T-
gantā gamanena yogād gacchatīti RÈ-]uÈ-T-NE-úP-Rc-]uÈ]È -£U-R-N‰-`-^E-]uÈ-T-
1

tas)yāpi gantur ggamanam icchataḥ ○ RÈ-Z‰c-q-T-N‰-`-]uÈ-T]Ã-q-T-I‰-T_-Æ_-T-qc-Rc-]uÈ-

gaṃtety atropayuktā gamikkriyeti kṛtvā •
gamanena vinā gantā prasajyate •
T-U‰N-R]Ã-]uÈ-T-RÈ-^…P-R_-M`-T_-]nŸ_-T-§‰, ▾]uÈ- C 166b
gamanena vinā gacchatīty eta○t T-RÈ- ]uÈ-T_-]NÈN-R]Ã-p…_-]uÈ-T-U‰N-R_-]uÈ]È-
2

prasajyata ity arthaḥ <•> na caitad

upapadyate <•> kathaṃ hi nāma gacchatīty
Z‰c-q-T-N‰_-M`-T_-]nŸ_-_È, , ▾Z‰c-q-T]Ã-M-WÀC- N 183a
etad agatikaṃ syād iti || (II.10) CÈ, , N‰-P…-U…-]MN-N‰, ]uÈ]È-Z‰c-q-T-N‰, ]uÈ-T-U‰N-
R_-H…-õ_-]nŸ_-_È, , (II.10)
3

(9?)b4 ▼(atha mā bhūd eṣa doṣa iti ganteti

F… - §‰ - ▾ ´È P -N‰ _ -nŸ _ -P-U… - _“ E -EÈ - £U-Rc-]uÈ - T-RÈ - D 170b
gacchatīty eta)c cobhayam api gatiyuktam Z‰c-q-T-NE-, ]uÈ]È- Z‰c-q-T- N‰-CI…-C-^E-]uÈ-T-
4 5

i○ti • attrāpy ayaṃ doṣaḥ || NE-úP-PÈ-Z‰-P, N‰-`-^E-´ÈP-]N…-^ÈN-N‰, TaN-R,

gamane dve prasajyete
C`-K‰-]uÈ-RÈ-]uÈ-]nŸ_- P, ,
6

gantā yady uta gacchati <•> ]uÈ-T-CI…c-c“-M`-]nŸ_-K‰, ,

gaṃteti cājyate2 {•} yena
gantā san yac ca ga○cchati • (II.11)
CE-C…c-]uÈ-RÈ_-UEÈP-R-NE-, ,
]uÈ-RÈ_-nŸ_-Pc-CE-]uÈ-T]È, , (II.11)

1
na yujyate: dJ, LVP prasajyate. 1 ]uÈ]È: DC ]uÈ-RÈ .
2
cājyate: = dJ; LVP cocyate. 2
PNG add
]uÈ-T-RÈ .
3 _È, , : PNG , .
4 ]uÈ]È: DC ]uÈ-T-RÈ .
5 q-T: PNG R.
6 ]nŸ_: PNG nŸ_ .
135
 gatiyuktasya gantur ggamane kalpyamāne
]uÈ-T-RÈ-]uÈ-T-NE-úP-R-`-]uÈ-T_-TåCc- P-]uÈ-
1

gamanadvayaṃ prasajyate • yena ca T- CI…c-c“-M`-T_-]nŸ_-K‰, ]uÈ-T-CE-NE- úP-

2 3

(9?)b5 gamanena ▼ (yogād gantety ajyate • tac ca Rc-]uÈ-T-RÈ-Z‰c-q-T_-UEÈP-R-NE-, N‰-]uÈ-T-CE-`-

gamanaṃ yad apekṣya) gacchatīti bhavati
• na ca gamanadva○yam iṣṭaṃ • sati ca
õÈc- Pc-]uÈ]È-Z‰c-q-T_-]nŸ_-T]È, ,]uÈ-T-CI…c-
4

gamanadvayaprasaṃge • pūrvvavad eva c“-P…-U…-]NÈN- N‰, ]uÈ-T-CI…c-c“-M`-T_-nŸ_-P-¢-U-

5

dvau gantārau prasajyete • tac cāniṣṭaṃ

tasmād gantā ○ gacchatīty etat tāvan
TZ…P-Oÿ-]uÈ-T-RÈ-^E-CI…c-c“-M`-T_-]nŸ_-Tc-N‰-
nopapadyate • ^E-U…- ]NÈN-N‰-N‰-õ-Tc-]uÈ-T-RÈ-]uÈ]È-Z‰c-q-T-N‰-U…-
6

]MN-NÈ, ,
idānīm agaṃtā naiva gacchati • yadā
N-P…-]uÈ-T-RÈ-U-^…P-R-^E-U…-]uÈ-§‰, CE-C…-WÂ-]uÈ-T-
(9?)b6 gantā gacchatīty eta▼(n nopapadyate tadā RÈ-]uÈ]È- Z‰c-q-T-N‰-U…-]MN- R-N‰]Ã- WÂ-▾]uÈ-T-RÈ- G 261a
7 8 9

gatirahito 'gantā gacchatī)t[i] katham U-^…P-R-]uÈ-T-NE-{`-T]E-]uÈ-T]È, , Z‰c-q-T-N‰-H…-

evopapadyate • ○ tasmād agantā naiva
gacchati • tatraitat syād gantā cāgantā ca
õ_-]MN-R-I…N-Oÿ-]nŸ_, N‰-õ-Tc-P-]uÈ-T-RÈ-U-^…P-R-
gacchatīti • ^E-U…-]uÈ]È, , N‰-`-]N…-£U-Oÿ-]uÈ-T-RÈ-^…P-R-NE-]uÈ-
ucyate •
T-RÈ-U-^…P-R-]uÈ-T_-c‰Uc-P, TaN-R,
anyo gantur agantuś ca
]uÈ-RÈ-]uÈ-RÈ-U…P-`c-CZP, ,
ka○s tṛ<tī>yo 'tha1 gacchati • (II.8cd) Cc“U-R- CE-Z…C ]uÈ-T_-]nŸ_, , (II.8cd)
10

1
'tha: = dJ; LVP hi. 1 TåCc: PNG TåC .
2
P omits .
T
3 NE: DC NC.
4 õÈc: PNG TõÈc
5 ]NÈN: DC ]MN.
6
P omits .
U…
7 ]uÈ]È: DC ]uÈ-RÈ .
8 ]MN: G ]M .
9 N‰]Ã: DC N‰ .
10 R: DC RÈ .
136
 ko 'sau gantur agantuś cānyas tṛtīyo gaṃtā
]uÈ-T-RÈ-NE-]uÈ-T-RÈ-U-^…P-R-`c-CZP-R- Cc“U- 1

cāgantā ca yo gacchatīty upapad[ya](t)[e] R, ]uÈ-T-RÈ-^…P-R-NE-]uÈ-T-RÈ- U-^…P-R-CE-]uÈ]È-

(10?)a1 <•> ▼ [ta]smād abhāvād eva gaṃtā cāgantā
Z‰c-q-▾T_-]MN-R-Z…C-CE-Z…C-^…P, N‰-õ- Tc-P- P 192b
2
ca na gacchati • tad yasmān na gaṃtā
agaṃtā gantā agantā ca gacchatīty U‰N-R- BÈ-P]Ã-p…_-]uÈ-T-RÈ- ^…P-R-NE-]uÈ-T-RÈ-U-
3 4

upapadya[te •] ○ [tas]mād gacchatīti na ^…P-R-^E-U…-]uÈ]È, , N‰-õ_-CE-C…-p…_-]uÈ-T-RÈ-NE-,

prasiddhyati • gacchatīty attra cāsati kuto
gamanaṃ prasiddhyati •||
]uÈ-T-RÈ-U-^…P-R-NE-, ]uÈ-T-RÈ-^…P-R-NE-, ]uÈ-T-RÈ-
U-^…P-R-]uÈ]È, , Z‰c-q-T-N‰-U…-]MN-R-N‰]Ã-p…_-
]uÈ]È-Z‰c-▾q-T-N‰-_T-Lfi-U…-]u⁄T-TÈ, , ]uÈ]È-Z‰c-q- N 183b
T-N‰-U‰N-P-]uÈ-T-_T-Lfi-]u⁄T-R_-C-`-]nŸ_,
āha yady api na gantā ○ [nāgantā na gantā
]N…_-μc-R, ]uÈ-T-RÈ-NE-, ]uÈ-T-RÈ-U-^…P-R-NE-, 5

c](āgantā ca gacchatīty) [upapadya](t)[e •] ]uÈ-T-RÈ-^…P-R-NE-, ]uÈ-T-RÈ-U-^…P-R-]uÈ]È, , ▾ Z‰c- C 167a

(ta)[thāpi] (Gu)[pto gacchati] Caitro
q-T-U…-]MN-Oÿ-\…P-lE-, Dÿ- KR , ]uÈ]È, , VË-v-]uÈ]È-
6
(10?)a2 gacchatīty attra gaccha(tī)▼ty upapadyate •
Z‰c-q-T-N‰-`-]uÈ]È-Z‰c-q-T-]MN-NÈ, ,
TaN-R, N‰c-P…-F…-^E-μc-R-U-^…P-K‰, Dÿ- KR , `- 7

ucyate • na kiṃcid uktaṃ <•> nanu

Tå‰P-P-F…-Dÿ-KR - ]uÈ-T-RÈ_- nŸ_-Pc-]uÈ]U,▾]ÈP- D 171a
8 9
Guptāśrayaiveyaṃ cintā kṛtā kiṃ Gupto
gantā san gacchati utāgantā gacchati ○
K‰-]uÈ-T-RÈ-U-^…P-R- ]uÈ]U, ]ÈP-K‰-]uÈ-T-RÈ-^…P-R-
10

uta gantā cāgantā ca bhūtvā gacchatīti • NE-,▾]uÈ-T-RÈ-U-^…P-R-Z…C-]uÈ-Z‰c-q-T-]N…-Cc`- G 261b 11

tasmād yat kiṃcid etat* <||> (II.11) T-U-qc-cU, N‰-õ-Tc-P-]N…-P…-n…-P]È, , (II.11)

1
G adds
`c .
2
PNG omit .
õ
3 R: DC R]Ã .
4
DC add .
U
5
DC omit
]uÈ-T-RÈ-U-^…P-R-NE-, .
6, 7 Dÿ-KR,: DC DÿT-K.
8
Dÿ-KR: DC DÿT-K.
9 T-RÈ_: P TÈ_ .
10
DC omit .
R
11 Cc`: PNG Tc` .
137
 attrāha • vidyata eva gamanaṃ <•> kutaḥ
]N…_-μc-R, ]uÈ-T-P…-^ÈN-R-BÈ-P]È, , F…]Ã-p…_-Z‰-
<•> gamikkriyāprā○raṃbhasadbhāvāt* <•> P, ]uÈ-T]Ã-q-T-˛ÈU-R- ^ÈN-R]Ã-p…_-_È, , ]N…-`-
1

[iha ya](dy apy eta)[n na śakyate vaktuṃ cÈ E -T-NE-U-cÈ E -T-NE-TCÈ U - R-`-]uÈ - T- ^È N -

2 3
gatam agataṃ] gamyamānaṃ vā gamyata
(10?)a3 iti ▼ tathāpy avasthitaḥ san yadā pravarttate
NÈ, , Z‰c-q-T-N‰-TäÈN-R_-U…-Q÷c-c“-\…P-lE-, CE-C…-
• tadā sthānakkriyānivṛtter anantaraṃ WÂ-•ÈN-R-`c-]uÈ-T-N‰]Ã-WÂ-P-•ÈN-R]Ã-q-T- ]Nc-U- 4

gamikkriyāpravṛtti○r bhavati • tasmāt MC-Lfi-]uÈ-T]Ã-q-T-]H“C-R_-]nŸ_-Tc-N‰-õ-Tc- P- 5

kriyāprāraṃbhasadbhāvād vidyata eva
gamanaṃ •||
q-T-˛ÈU-R-^ÈN-Rc-]uÈ-T-^ÈN-R- BÈ-P]È, , 6

ucyate • kim idaṃ bhavāṃ

TaN-R, F…-mÈN-U…E-CZP-Oÿ-T¨„_-Tc-c‰Uc-êÈEc-
saṃjñānta{{..}}reṇa ○ saṃmohita[ñ Pc-_E-C…-T“-EÈ-U…-a‰c-cU, mÈN-NÈP-N‰-I…N-`-ÉÈ-p…-Uc-
ce]taḥ sva(putramu)[kha](ṃ) (na) [jānā]ti • TäÈN-R-CZP-n…c-TäÈN-@È, , ]uÈ-T]Ã-q-T-˛ÈU-R-
7
[yas tvaṃ tam
abhidhānāṃtareṇottarabuddhyā
evā]rtham
bravīṣi
^ÈN-R_-^ÈEc-c“-TåC-R-CE-^…P-R-N‰-^E-cÈE-T-]U-
1
(10?)a4 [ • ] ▼nanu yo 'py asau kkriyāprārambhaḥ U-cÈE-T-]U, TCÈU-R-`-^ÈN-uE-P, N‰-`-CKP-WÀCc-
parikalpyate • so 'pi gate vā syād agate vā ¢_-T§P-R-NC-I…N-l…c-TaN-R,
gamyamāne vā <•> ta○ttra pūrvvoktair eva
hetubhiḥ <•>
gate nārabhyate gantuṃ • (II.12a)
cÈE-`-]uÈ-T]Ã-˛ÈU-U‰N-N‰ , , (II.12a) 8

kutaḥ <•> gamikkriyānivṛtteḥ <•> F…]Ã-p…_-Z‰-P, ]uÈ-T]Ã-q-T-]Nc-\…P-R]Ã-p…_-_È, ,

gantuṃ nārabhyate [a]2gate <•> U-cÈE-T-`]E-]uÈ-˛ÈU-U‰N, , (II.12b)
▾F…]Ã-p…_-Z‰-P, ]uÈ-T]Ã-q-T- U-T˛Uc-R]Ã-p…_-_È, ,
(II.12b)
9
P 193a
○kutaḥ • [gamikkriyāyā a](nārambhāt* • )
(nārabhyate ga)myamāne <•> (II.12c) TCÈU- `-˛ÈU- R-^ÈN-U…P-P, , (II.12c)
10 11

1
A sign of circle here may have functioned as a daṇḍa. 1 R: G R]Ã.
2
The damaged akṣara looks like an initial a where, 2 TCÈU: C NCÈU .
accoding to the metre, an avagraha is expected. Cf. dJ, 3
P Adds .
RÈ
LVP ’gate. 4 q-T: DC qc-R .
5
P omits
N‰-õ-Tc .
6 ^ÈN-R: P ]uÈ-T .
7 @È, ,: DC @È; P CÈ, , .
8 N‰: C N .
9 T: PNG T]Ã .
10
G adds .
R
11 ˛ÈU: PN T˛ÈU .
138
 kutaḥ <•> gamyamānābhāvā<d> dvigama-
F…]Ã-p…_-Z‰-P, TCÈU-R-U‰N-R]Ã-p…_-NE-, ]uÈ-T-CI…c-
(10?)a5 naprasaṃgā(t* • ) ▼ dvigantṛprasaṃgāc ca • c“-M`-T_-]nŸ_-T]Ã-p…_-NE-, ]uÈ-T-RÈ-CI…c-c“-M`-
tad ācakṣvedānīm uttara[lu]bdhakaḥ1 <•> T_-]nŸ_-T]Ã-p…_-_È, ,
▾CE-Oÿ-]uÈ-T-˛ÈU-R_-q‰N, , (II.12d) N 184a
gantum ārabhyate kuheti • (II.12d)
F‰ c -q-T]à - `P-N‰ - ▾ N-μÈ c -a… C , N‰ - õ-Tc-P- ]uÈ - G 262a
1

tasmān nāsti gamanā○raṃbhaḥ • āraṃbhe T]Ã-˛ÈU-R-U‰N-NÈ, , ˛ÈU-R-U‰N-P-]uÈ-T-^ÈN-R_-C-`-

cāsati kuto gamanaṃ || (II.12)
]nŸ_, (II.12)
attrāha • [vidyata eva] gamanaṃ <•> kutaḥ
]N…_-μc-R, ]uÈ-T-P…-^ÈN-R-BÈ-P]È, , F…]Ã-p…_-Z‰-
<•> ga[myamāna]gatāgata[sa]dbhāvāt* <•> P, TCÈU-R-NE-cÈE-T-NE-U-cÈE-T-^ÈN-R]Ã-p…_-K‰,
○ yasmād gatiyo(gād gamyamāne)[ti CE-C…-p…_-]uÈ-T-NE-úP-R]Ã-p…_-TCÈU-R-Z‰c-q-T-
bhavati] ( • anta)[gate] gatam iti bhavati •
(10?)a6 ▼[a]prāptāṃ gamikkriyām avekṣya {•}
^…P-`, ]uÈ-T-UM_-p…P-R-P…-cÈE-T-Z‰c-q-T-^…P,
[agatam iti bhavati •] tasmād ]uÈ-T]Ã-q-T-U-cÈE-T-`-õÈc-Pc-U-cÈE-T-Z‰c-q-T-^…P-
gamyamānagatāgatasadbhāvād asti ○ Rc-P-N‰-õ-Tc-P-TCÈU-R-NE-cÈE-T-NE-, U-cÈE-T-^ÈN-
gamanam iti ||
R]Ã-▾p…_-]uÈ-T-^ÈN-NÈ, , C 167b
[uc]yate <•> kim idaṃ bhavān ā(kāśa TaN-R, F…-m‰N-PU-UB]-]N…-`-úE-T_-T´ÈN-NU,
utti)[ṣṭhaṃ varna]m2 eti • [yadā] CE-C…-WÂ,
prā[g a]sti3 [gamanā]rambhād
]uÈ-T-˛ÈU-R]Ã-¢-_È`-P, ,
gamyamā○naṃ na no4 gataṃ • CE-Oÿ-]uÈ-T-˛ÈU-]nŸ_-T, ,
▾TCÈU-R-U‰N-F…E-cÈE-T-U‰N, , (II.13abc)
yatrā[rabhyeta gama]naṃ
D 171b
(II.13abc)
(iha prāg gamanārambhāt) sthitasya
]N…-`-]uÈ-T-˛ÈU-R]Ã-¢-_È`-•ÈN-R_-nŸ_-R-P-CE-Oÿ-
[tasya] naiva gamyamānam a[sti] <<no ]uÈ-T-˛ÈU-R_-]nŸ_-T]Ã-TCÈU-R-^E-U‰N-F…E-, cÈE-
(10?)b1 gatam (ap)i>> ▼ [ya]ttra gamanam T-^E-U‰N-NÈ, , ]uÈ-T-˛ÈU-R-U‰N-P-TCÈU-R-]uÈ-T-NE-
ārabhyeta • gamanāraṃbhe cāsati kuto
gamyamānaṃ gatiyuktaṃ • gatiyoge
úP-R_-C-`-]nŸ_, ]uÈ-T-NE-úP-R-U‰N-P-]uÈ-T-
cāsati {•} ○ kuto gatyavasānaṃ • UM_-p…P-R-^ÈN-R_-^E-C-`-]nŸ_,

1
The reading of -lubdhakaḥ has no equivalent 1 P
PNG omit .
in Tibetan translation.
2
[varna]m: read vartanam? Cf. BPTib
T´ÈN.
3
prāg asti: = Saito 1985; MK, PSP na pūrvaṃ.
4
no: = MacDonald 2007; dJ, LVP vā.
139
 āha • agatam asti tattra gamanam
]N…_-μc-R, U-cÈE-T-P…-^È N-N‰, N‰_-]uÈ-T-˛ÈU-R_-
ārapsyata iti || ucyate • ]nŸ_-_È, , TaN-R,
agate gamanaṃ kutaḥ <||> (II.13d) U-cÈE-]uÈ-T-C-`-^ÈN, , (II.13d)
1

ihāvasthitasyā○vispandamānasya yad
]N…-`-•ÈN-F…E-U…-T´ÈN- R-CE-^…P-R-N‰- P…-U-cÈE-
2 3

agataṃ tattra nāsty āraṃbhaḥ <•> yadā ca T-§‰ , N‰ - `-P… - ˛È U -R-U‰ N -NÈ , , CE-C… - W - ´È N -R_-
(10?)b2 vispandate tadā yattrāvakāś(e) ▼ vispandate q‰N-R-N‰]Ã-WÂ-P-P…-CÈ-ˇTc-CE-Oÿ-´ÈN-R_-q‰N-R-N‰-U-
nāsāv agato bhavati • yaś ca tadā agato
'vakāśo bhavati • na tattra vispandate ○
cÈE-T-U-^…P-PÈ, , N‰]Ã-WÂ-U-cÈE-T]Ã-CÈ- ▾ ˇTc-CE- G 262b
tasmād agate kuto gamanāraṃbhaḥ <||> ^…P-R-N‰-`-P…-T´ÈN- R-U‰N-NÈ , , N‰-õ-Tc-P-U-cÈE-T-`
4 5

(II.13) -
]uÈ-T]Ã-˛ÈU-R-C- `-^ÈN, , (II.13)
6

evaṃ parīkṣite
N‰-õ_-TåCc-P,
]uÈ-˛ÈU-▾éU-R-MUc-FN-Oÿ, , P 193b
gataṃ kiṃ gamyamānaṃ ¶E-T-U‰N-R-I…N-^…P-P, ,
kim agataṃ {|} kiṃ vikalpyate •
adṛśyamāna ○ āraṃbhe
cÈE-T-F…-Z…C-TCÈU-R-F…. ,
gamanasyaiva sarvvathā • (II.14) U-cÈE-F…-Z‰c-éU-R_-TåC, , (II.14)
yadaivaṃ sarvveṇa prakāreṇa
CE-C…-WÂ-N‰-õ_-éU-R-MUc-FN-l…c-éU-R_-TåC- R- 7

(10?)b3 vimṛśyamāno gamanāraṃbha eva ▼ na P-]uÈ-T]Ã-˛ÈU-R-¶E-T-U‰N-R-I…N-^…P-R-N‰]Ã-WÂ-mÈN-l…-

▾cÈE-T-^E-F…, TCÈU-R-^E-F…, U-cÈE-T-N‰-^E-F…,
dṛśyate • tadā kim etad bhavatā gataṃ
N 184b
vikalpyate kiṃ gamyamānaṃ kim
agataṃ • (II.14)
Z‰c-éU-R_-TåC, , (II.14)

1U-cÈE-]uÈ-T-C-`-^ÈN, , : PN U-cÈE-T-]uÈ-T-CE-`-^ÈN, , ; G
U-cÈE-T-CE-`-^ÈN, , .
2T´ÈN: PNG ´ÈN .
3
PNG omit .
N‰
4T´ÈN: PNG ´ÈN .
5NÈ: N N‰ .
6C: DC CE .
7TåC: PNG TåCc.
140
 āha • agataṃ tā○vad astīti •||
μc-R, _‰-Z…C-U-cÈE-T-P…-^ÈN-NÈ, ,
ucyate • kim idaṃ bhavān TaN-R, F…-mÈN-T“-U-TVc-R_-]G…-T]Ã-r-EP-q‰N-NU,
ajātaputtramaraṇāt santapyate • yas tvam mÈN-cÈE-T-U‰N-R_-U-cÈE-T-`-åÈC-CÈ, , ]N…-õ_-cÈE-
asati gate agataṃ kalpa○yasi •
gatapratipakṣo hy agatam • tad yadi
T]Ã-CI‰P-RÈ-P…-U-cÈE-T- ^…P-P, N‰-`-C`-K‰-cÈE-T-
1

gamanam1 eva nāsti kutas te agataṃ I…N-U‰N-P-mÈN-l…-U-cÈE-T-^ÈN-R_-C-`-]nŸ_,

bhaviṣyati ||
(10?)b4 ▼attrāha • yadi pratipakṣābhāvād agataṃ
μc-R, C`-K‰-CI‰P-RÈ-U‰N-Rc-U- cÈE-T-U‰N-P-]È-P,
2

nāsti hanta siddhaṃ gamanaṃ • << [kutaḥ] ]uÈ-T- ]u⁄T-TÈ , , F…]Ã-p…_-Z‰-P, U…-UM—P-R-
3 4 5

<•> pratipakṣasadbhāvāt* || >> ^ÈN-R]Ã-p…_-K‰, ]N…-õ_-]uÈ-T]Ã-U…-UM—P-R-•ÈN-R-

gamanasya hi pratipakṣo ○ vidyate
sthānaṃ • tasmāt pratipakṣasadbhāvād
^ÈN-N‰, N‰- Tc-P-U…-UM—P-R-^ÈN-R]Ã-p…_-]uÈ-T-^ÈN-R-
6 7

vidyata eva gamanaṃ || BÈ-P]È, ,

ucyate • syād gamanaṃ yadi sthānaṃ
TaN-R , C`-K‰-•ÈN-R-^ÈN-P-P…-]uÈ-T-^E- ^ÈN-
8 9

syāt*<•> ○ na ca sthānam upapadyate • R_-]nŸ_-uE-P, •ÈN-R-U…-]MN-Rc-]uÈ-T-^ÈN-R_-C-

kuto gamanaṃ bhaviṣyati <•> katham iti `-]nŸ_, H…-õ_- Z‰-P, ]N…-`-C`-K‰-•ÈN-R-^ÈN-
10
(10?)b5 <•> iha yadi sthānam* syāt* ▼ tad gantur
agantur vvā syāt* <•> tattra ||
R_-nŸ_-P, ]uÈ-T-RÈ]Ã-]U, ]uÈ-T-RÈ-U-^…P-R]Ã-^…P-
▾uE-P, N‰-`, C 168a

1
gamanam: read gatam. Cf. BPTib
cÈE-T . 1 T: PNG T_ .
2
PNGDC omit
U.
3
PNG add
]uÈ-T .
4 TÈ: DC N RÈ .
5 R: DC R]Ã .
6 N‰,: PNG NÈ, , .
7
PNG add .
õ
8
PNG add
`c .
9
N omits
^E .
10 õ_: PNG õ .
141
 gaṃtā na tiṣṭhate1 tāvad
_‰-Z…C-]uÈ-RÈ-U…-•ÈN-N‰ , ,
1

agantā naiva tiṣṭhati • ▾]uÈ-T-RÈ-U…P-•ÈN-R-U…P, , G 263a

anyo gantur aga○ntuś ca ]uÈ-RÈ-]uÈ-RÈ-U…P-`c-CZP, ,
kas tṛtīyo 'tha tiṣṭhati • (II.15)
Cc“U-R-CE-▾Z…C-•ÈN-R_-]nŸ_, , (II.15) D 172a
N‰-õ-Tc-P-•ÈN-R-P…-U‰N-R-BÈ-P ]È, , F…]Ã-p…_-Z‰-P, U…-
gantā na tiṣṭhate tāvat* <•> kutaḥ <•>
anupapatteḥ <•>
]MN-R]Ã-p…_-_È, , H…-õ_-Z‰-P, TaN-R,
_‰-Z…C-]uÈ-RÈ-•ÈN-NÈ-Z‰c, ,
gantā tāvat tiṣṭhatīti {•} H…-õ_-]MN-R-I…N-Oÿ-]nŸ_, ,
ka○tham evopapatsyate •
]uÈ-T-U‰N-P-]uÈ-T-RÈ, ,
gamanena vinā gaṃtā
yadā naivopapadyate • (II.16)
PU-^E-]MN-R_-U…-]nŸ_-_È, , (II.16)
(10?)b6 iha gatiyogāt* ▼ gaṃtā <<[bhavati]>> •
]N…-`-]uÈ-T-NE-úP-Rc-]uÈ-T-RÈ_-]nŸ_-Tc-]uÈ-T-
gamanena tu vinā gantā
U‰N-P, ]uÈ-T-RÈ_-U…-]MN-R-I…N-NÈ, , ]uÈ-T-`ÈC-R-P…-
naivopapadyate • gatinivṛttiś ca sthānam •ÈN-R-Z‰c-q-T-P-]uÈ-T-NE-•ÈN-R-U…-UM—P-R-N‰-CI…c-
ity ucyate • ○ tayoś ca virodhinoḥ CF…C-P-üP-F…C-]OÿC-R-U‰N-NÈ, , N‰]Ã-p…_-N‰-õ_-
▾ _‰-Z…C-]uÈ-T-RÈ-•ÈN-NÈ-Z‰c -q-T-N‰-H…-õ_-]MN-R-I…N- P 194a
sthānagamanayor ekattra samāveśo nāsti •
tad evaṃ sati gantā tiṣṭhatīty etat tā○vat
katham evopapatsyate <•>
Oÿ-]nŸ_,
N- P…-]uÈ-T-RÈ-U-^…P-R-^E-U…-•ÈN-N‰, F…]Ã-p…_-Z‰-P,
2 3
idānīm agantā naiva tiṣṭhati kutaḥ <•> gater
abhāvāt* <•> iha gatinivṛ(ttiḥ)
]uÈ-T-U‰N-R]Ã-p…_-_È, , ]N…-`-]uÈ-T-`ÈC-R-P…-•ÈN-R-
Z‰c-q-T-P-]uÈ-T-RÈ-U-^…P-R-P…-]uÈ-T-NE-{`-T]Ã-p…_-
•ÈN-R-I…N-^…P-Rc-N‰-`-^E-•ÈN-Rc-F…-Z…C-q, •ÈN-R-N‰-
`-^E-•ÈN-R_-TåC-P, •NÈ-R-CI…c-c“-M`-T_-]nŸ_-
T-NE-, •ÈN-R-RÈ-^E-CI…c-c“-M`-T_-]nŸ_-Tc-N‰]Ã-
p…_-]uÈ-T-RÈ-U-^…P-R-^E-U…-•ÈN-NÈ, , (II.16)

1
tiṣṭhate: = MacDonald 2007; dJ, LVP tiṣṭhati. 1 N‰: N NÈ .
2 N: DC N‰ .
3 N‰: P NÈ,,.
142
 Around 10 folios are lost.
……
]N… _-μc-R, mÈN-l…c-]NÈN-GCc-NE-GCc-R-TåC-R-
N‰-qc-Rc-BÈ-TÈ]Ã-^…N-§ÈE-R-I…N-IP-R-`-≥È-T_-qc-
…
(tasmād idānīṃ saṃskṛtalakṣaṇaṃ
l…c , N‰]Ã-p…_-N- P…-]Oÿc-qc-l…-UWP-I…N-TåC-▾ N 200b
1 2

[21?]a1 parīkṣaṇī)▼[yam iti] • tathety ucyate •|| R_-q-T]Ã-_…Cc-cÈ, , TaN-▾R, N‰-õ_-q]È, , P 209b

a[ttrā]ha • ihotpādasthitibhaṃgāḥ
]N…_-μc-R, ]N…-`-´‰-T-NE-, CPc-R-NE-]H…C- 3

[sāmā]nyaṃ saṃskṛtalakṣaṇam ity R-NC-]Oÿc-qc-l…-≠…]Ã-UWP-I…N-Oÿ-T§P-K‰, U‰N-R-`-

apadiṣṭaṃ • ○ [na cāsato] P…-UWP-I…N-T§P-R_-^E- U…-_…Cc-Rc-UWP-I…N-
4
[lakṣaṇā](pade)[śo yuktaḥ tasmāl
lakṣaṇasadbhā](vād asti) [saṃskṛtam iti •]
^ÈN-R]Ã-p…_-]Oÿc-qc-^ÈN-NÈ, ,
ucyate • na saṃskṛ[tala]kṣaṇa○m TaN-R, ]Oÿc-qc-l…-UWP-I…N-U…-]MN-Rc-N‰-^ÈN-
upapadyate • [kutas tadbhāvāt saṃskṛtaṃ
R]Ã-p…_-]Oÿc-qc-^ÈN-R_-C-`-]nŸ_, C`-K‰-H…-õ_-
bhavi]ṣyati • (katha)m iti [cet* •] (prā)[k
pratiṣiddhatvā](d uktena) Z‰-P, ¢_,
[21?]a2 ▼ [nālakṣaṇe lakṣaṇa]sya
UWP-I…N-U‰N-`-UWP-I…N-P…, ,
pravṛttir na sahalakṣaṇa1(V.3ab) iti <•> U…-]H“C-UWP-I…N-▾TFc-`-U…P, , (V.3ab) G 284b
kiṃ ca bhūyaḥ ||
yadi saṃskṛta utpādas
Z‰c-T§P-Rc-T@C-\…P-R]Ã-p…_-_È, , ^E-CZP-^E-,
tattra ○ yuktā ttrilakṣanī • C`-K‰-´‰-T-]Oÿc-qc-P, ,
a[thā]saṃskṛta utpādaḥ N‰-`-UWP-I…N-Cc“U-úP-]nŸ_, ,
kathaṃ saṃskṛtala[kṣa]ṇaṃ • (VII.1)
trayāṇāṃ lakṣaṇānāṃ samāhāras
F…-§‰-´‰-T-]Oÿc-U-qc, ,
trilakṣa○ṇī • kathaṃ saṃskṛtalakṣa- H…-õ_-]Oÿc-qc-UWP-I…N-^…P, , (VII.1)
ṇam ity e[tat*] <•> pūrvvapakṣeṇābhi- Z‰c-q-T-]N…-P…,
saṃbaddhyate •
[yadi saṃskṛta utpādaḥ] (VII.1a)
C`-K‰-´‰-T-]Oÿc-qc-P , , (VII.1a)
5

[21?]a3 ▼ kathaṃ saṃskṛtalakṣaṇam iti • H…-õ_-]Oÿc-qc-UWP-I…N-^…P, , (VII.1d)

(VII.1d)

1
sahalakṣaṇa: dJ, LVP salakṣaṇe. 1 l…c: DC l… .
2 N: DC N‰ .
3 ]H…C: PNG ]H…Cc .
4
PNDC omit
^E .
5 P: PNG Pc .
143
 ya eṣa utpādaḥ saṃskṛtalakṣaṇam
Z‰c-pÈCc-CÈE-U-NE-^E-Æ_-_È, , ´‰-T-]Oÿc-qc-l…-
apadiśyate • eṣa saṃskṛto vā ○ syād UWP-I…N-T§P-R-CE-^…P-R-N‰-^E-]Oÿc-qc-cU-]Oÿc-
▾ U-qc-a…C-Lfi-TåC-uE-P, N‰-`-_‰-Z…C-]Oÿc-qc-c“- C 182a
asaṃskṛto vā • tattra yadi tāvat saṃskṛta
iti pari[kalpyate] • anenāpy
utpādenotpādasthitibhaṃgalakṣa○ṇena
^ÈEc-c“-åÈC-P, ´‰-T-N‰-^E-´‰-T-NE-CPc-R-NE-]H…C-
bhavitavyaṃ • saṃskṛtatvāt* || R]Ã-UWP-I…N-l…c-UWP-I…N-Cc“U-NE-úP-R_-]nŸ_-K‰,
]Oÿc-qc-^…P-R]Ã-p…_-_È, , UWP-I…N-Cc“U-NE-úP-
R_-]nŸ_-T-P…, UWP-I…N-Cc“U-RÈ-NC-WÍCc-R_-]nŸ_-
T]È, , μc-R,
N‰-^E-UWP-I…N-Cc“U-NE-úP-PÈ, ,
āha • bhavatv eṣo 'pi trilakṣaṇa iti •||
ucyate •
H…-õ_-]Oÿc-qc-UWP-I…N-^…P, (VII.1d)
[21?]a4 ▼ [kathaṃ saṃskṛtalakṣaṇaṃ] • C`-K‰-´‰-T-^E-´‰-T-NE-CPc-R-NE-]H…C-R]Ã-UWP-
(VII.1d) I…N-NE-úP, CPc-R-^E-´‰-T-NE-CPc-R-NE-]H…C-
yady utpādotpādasthitibhaṃgalakṣaṇaḥ1
<•> sthitir apy utpādasthitibhaṃ○ga-
R]Ã-UWP-I…N-NE-úP, ]H…C-R-^E-´‰-T-NE-CPc-R-
lakṣaṇā • bhaṃgo 'py utpādasthiti- NE-]H…C-R]Ã-UWP-I…N-NE-úP-P-UWP-I…N-UW”Ec-
bhaṃgalakṣaṇaḥ <•> tulyalakṣaṇatvāl R]Ã - p… _ -UWP-I… N -éUc-`-mN-R_-U‰ N - R_- 1

lakṣaṇānāṃ viśeṣābhāvaḥ <•> asati ○ ca

viśeṣe kuta idaṃ syād ayam utpādaḥ
]nŸ_-_È, , ▾ mN-R_-U‰N-P-]N…-P…-´‰-T]È, , ]N…-P…- D 186b
i[yaṃ sthitir] ayaṃ bhaṃga iti • || CPc-R]È, , ]N…-P…-]H…C-R]È, ,Z‰c-q-T-N‰-NC-^ÈN-
R_-C-`-]nŸ_,
▾ μc-R, N‰ - P… - ▾ I‰ c -R_-U… - ]nŸ _ - ▾ K‰ , H… - õ_-≠… _ - G 285a
P 210a
[21?]a5 āha • naiva doṣaḥ <•> ▼ (yath)[aiva saty api N 201a
sā]mānye saṃ[skṛtala]kṣaṇe viśeṣalakṣa- ]Oÿc-qc-l…-UWP-I…N-^…P-Oÿ-\…P-lE-mN-R_-n…-UWP-
ṇāpekṣam idaṃ bhavati • ayaṃ ghaṭaḥ <•> I…N-`-õÈc- Pc-]N…-P…-T“U-R]È, , ]N…-P…-¶U-T“]È, ,
2

○ ayaṃ paṭa iti • evam ihāpi

viśeṣalakṣaṇāpekṣā utpādasthitibhaṃga-
Z‰c-q-T-N‰-NC-^ÈN-R-N‰-TZ…P-Oÿ-]N…_-^E-mN-R_-n…-
prasiddhir bhaviṣyati • UWP-I…N-`-õÈc- Pc-´‰-T-NE-CPc-R-NE-]H…C-R-NC-
3

_T-Lfi-]u⁄T-R_-]nŸ_-_È, ,

1
utpādotpādasthitibhaṃgalakṣaṇaḥ: read utpāda utpāda°. 1 U‰N: PNGDC ^ÈN.
2 õÈc: PNG TõÈc .
3 õÈc: P õ‰c; NG TõÈc .
144
 kaḥ puna○r asau viśeṣa iti <•>
mN-R_-N‰-CE-Z‰-P, ´‰N-R_-q‰N-R-NE-, CPc-R_-
utpādakasthā[pa](kabhaṅgakāḥ bhavanti • q‰N-R-NE-, ]H…C-R_-q‰N-R-NC-CÈ, ,
[21?]a6 u)[cyate • naita]d upapadyate • ▼ (kutaḥ • TaN-R, N‰-P…-U…-]MN-NÈ , , F…]Ã-p…_-Z‰-P, ]N…-õ_-
1

evaṃ na hi yo [ghaṭa](syo)[tpā](do
'bh)[inirvvṛtti](ś ca so 'nyat) [kiṃcid
T“U-R-´‰N-R_-q‰N-R-NE-, UEÈP-R_-]u⁄T-R_-q‰N-R-
utpādayati • nā]pi ghaṭa○sthitir anyat CE-^…P-R-N‰c-P…-CZP-F…-^E-´‰N-R_-U…-q‰N-`, T“U-
sthāpayati • [na ghaṭabhaṃgo 'nyat kiṃcid R-CPc-R_-q‰N-Rc-lE-CZP-F…-^E-CPc-R_-U…-q‰N-
bhinat]tīti •||
F…E-, T“U-R-]H…C-R_-q‰N-Rc-lE-CZP-F…-^E-]H…C-
R_-U…-q‰N-R]Ã-p…_-_È, ,
āha • ghaṭasyaiva te utpādakasthāpaka- μc-R, N‰-NC-C…c- T“U-R-I…N-´‰-T-NE-CPc-R-NE-,
2

bhaṃga○kā ity adoṣa[ḥ || ]H…C-R_-q‰N-Rc-I‰c-R-U‰N-NÈ, ,

ucyate] (• na tarhi te ghaṭasya lakṣaṇaṃ
TaN-R, ]È-P-P…-N‰-NC-T“U-R]Ã-UWP-I…N-U-^…P-K‰, q‰N-
[21?]b1 bhavanti • karkṛtvāt* •) ▼ [na hi R-RÈ-^…P-R]Ã-p…_-_È, , ]N…-õ -T“-´‰N-R_-q‰N-R]Ã-S-T“]Ã-
puttra]syotpādakaḥ pitā {•} puttrasya UWP-I…N-U-^…P-`-CZ…-NE-MÈ-T-^E-T“U-R]Ã-UWP-I…N-
lakṣaṇaṃ bhavati • << [nāpy] ādhāro
ghaṭa[lakṣa]ṇaṃ bhavati • na muggaraḥ1 >>
U-^…P-▾ R]Ã-p…_-K‰, N‰-õ-Tc-P-´‰-T-`-cÈCc-R-NC- C 182b
• tasmān notpādādayaḥ saṃskṛtāḥ ]Oÿc-qc-^…P-P-]Oÿc-qc-l…-UWP-I…N-Oÿ-U…-]MN-NÈ, ,
saṃskṛtalakṣaṇa○m upapadyaṃte • F…-§‰-´‰-T-]Oÿc-U-qc-c“-^ÈEc-c“-åÈC-P-N‰-`-^E-TaN-
athāsaṃskṛta utpādaḥ parikalpyate •
tattrāpi brūmaḥ
R_-q-§‰,
kathaṃ saṃskṛtalakṣaṇaṃ || H…- õ_-]Oÿc-qc-UWP-I…N-^…P, , (VII.1d)
3

(VII.1d)
(kathaṃ) [saṃ]skṛtalakṣaṇa(ṃ) ○ .. .. ..
]Oÿc-U-qc-^…P-P- H…-õ_-]Oÿc-qc-l…-UWP-I…N-Oÿ-
4

.. .. [saṃ]skṛt(e) <•> [lakṣya](te 'neneti ]nŸ _ - ▾ K‰ , ]N… c -UWÍ P -R_-q‰ N -Rc-UWP-I… N -^… P - G 285b
lakṣaṇaṃ • ... yad utpāda)sth(iti- P-CE-´‰-T-NE-CPc-R-NE-]H…C-R-NE-{`- T-N‰c-P…-
5

[21?]b2 bhaṅgarahitaṃ) ▼ [ta]t svayam eva na

lakṣyate • yac ca svayaṃ na lakṣyate •
_E-I…N-`-^E-UWÈP -R_-U…-q‰N-NÈ, , CE-_E-I…N-`-
6

kathaṃ tenānyal lakṣyeta • UWÈP- R_-U…-q‰N-R-N‰c-CZP-H…-õ_-UWÍP-R_-q‰N,

7

1
muggaraḥ: read mudgaraḥ. 1 NÈ,,: PNG N‰ ,; D NÈ, .
2 C…c: PNG C… .
3 H…: PNGDC ]N… .
4 P: P P….
5 {`: PNG ]{` .
6, 7 UWÍP: DC UWP .
145
 nirvvāṇaṃ cāsaṃskṛtaṃ saṃskṛta○lakṣa-
F…-§‰-q‰N-P-P…-r-EP-`c-]Nc-R-]Oÿc-U-qc-lE-]Oÿc-
ṇaṃ prasajyate • na caitad iṣṭaṃ <•> qc-l…-UWP-I…N-^…P-R_-M`-T_-]nŸ_-Tc-▾N‰-▾P…-U…- N 201b
P 210b
tasmāt* notpādasthitibhaṃgāḥ ]NÈN-N‰, N‰-õ-Tc-P-´‰-T-NE-CPc-R-NE-]H…C-R-NC-
saṃskṛtalakṣaṇam upapadyaṃte • (VII.1)
]Oÿc-U-qc-^…P-P-^E-]Oÿc-qc-l…-UWP-I…N-Oÿ-U…-
]MN-▾NÈ , , (VII.1)
1
D 187a

UWP-I…N-Oÿ-TåCc- P-^E-´‰-T-NE-, CPc-R-NE-,

2

satyām api ca ○ lakṣaṇaprakḷptau

vya{{..}}stā vā utpā(dasthitibhaṅgā
]H…C-R-NC-cÈ-cÈ-T]U, ]Oÿc-R-Z…C-]Oÿc-qc-l…-
samastā vā saṃskṛtalakṣaṇaṃ syuḥ //
UWP-I…N-Oÿ-]nŸ_-uE-P, N‰-`,
tatra) ´‰-cÈCc-Cc“U-RÈ-cÈ-cÈ-^…c, ,
[21?]b3 ▼utpādādyās trayo vyastā ]Oÿc-qc-UWP-I…N-q- T_-P…, ,
3
nālaṃ lakṣaṇakarmmaṇi •
saṃskṛtasya samastā<ḥ> syur
Q÷c-U…P-]Oÿc-R-^…P-P-^E-, ,
ekattra katham eka○dā <||> (VII.2) CF…C-`-Oÿc-CF…C-H…-õ_-_“E-, , (VII.2)
nālaṃ <<na>> paryyāptāḥ na samarthā ity ´‰-T-NE-CPc-R-NE-, ]H…C-R-NC-_‰-_‰-`-^E- 4

arthaḥ <•> utpādasthitibhaṃgā ekaikaśaḥ ]Oÿc-qc-l…-UWP-I…N-q-T_-U…-Q÷c-K‰, Q÷c-U…P-Z‰c-q-

na samarthāḥ saṃskṛtalakṣaṇavidhau • ○
T-P…-U…-GÈC-R-NE-, U…-Q÷c-cÈ-Z‰c-q-T]Ã-M-WÀC-CÈ, ,
katham iti • ihānabhinirvṛttasya [tā](va)[d H…-õ_-Z‰-P, ]N…-`-_‰-Z…C-NEÈc-RÈ-UEÈP-R_-U-u⁄T-
asato] (bhāvasya naivo)[tpā](do na)
F…E-, U‰N-R-`-P…-´‰-T-NE-CPc-R-NE-]H…C-R-NC-U…-
[21?]b4 [sthiti]<r> {•} [na bhaṃga] upapa[dyate] • ▼
bhāvāśrayā hy utpādasthitibhaṃgāḥ syuḥ ]MN-NÈ, , ]N…-õ_-´‰-T-NE- CPc-R-NE-]H…C-R-
5

<•> ghaṭasyotpādaḥ ghaṭasya sthiti<r> NC-P…-NEÈc-RÈ-`-Tå‰P-R-^…P-K‰, T“U-R]Ã-´‰-T-NE-,

ghaṭasya bhaṃga iti • sa ○ eva ca ghaṭo
'nabhinirvṛtta iti • kasyāsāv utpādaḥ
T“U-R]Ã-CPc-R-NE-T“U-R]Ã-]H…C-R-Z‰c-q-T-^…P-P-
sthitiḥ bhaṃgo vā lakṣaṇaṃ syāt* <•> T“U-R-N‰-UEÈP-R_-U-u⁄T-P, ´‰-T-NE-CPc-R-NE-

1 NÈ: DC N‰ .
2 TåCc: PNG TåC .
3 q : PNGDC ]x; cf. l. 14; also in MK
Tib (D Tsa
4b5 ).
4 _‰-`-^E: PNG _‰c-P… .
5
C omits .
NE
146
 idānīṃ bhaṃgo nāma ○ vināśaḥ
]H…C-R-NC-▾CE-C…-UWP-I…N-Oÿ-]nŸ_, N- P…-]H…C-R- G 286a
1

abhāvaḥ sa yasya bhavati (sa nai)[va] Z‰c-q-T-P…-Z…C-R-NE-U‰N-R-§‰, N‰-CE-`-^ÈN-R-N‰-P…-

bhava[ti]1 • tasmi[n ap]y a[sati] U‰N-R-I…N-NÈ, , N‰-U‰N-P-´‰-T-NE-CPc-R-NE-]H…C-R-
[21?]b5 kasyotpādaḥ sthiti▼r bhaṃgo vā lakṣaṇaṃ
syāt* <•> evaṃ tāvad utpādasthitibhaṃgā
NC-CE-C…-UWP-I…N-Oÿ-]nŸ_-K‰, N‰-õ_-_‰-Z…C-´‰-T-NE-
naivānabhinirvṛttasya na bhagnasya CPc-R-NE-]H…C-R-NC-cÈ-cÈ]U, ]Oÿc-R-^E-NEÈc-RÈ-
bhāvasya ○ vyastāḥ samastā vā UEÈP-R_-U-u⁄T-R-NE-, Z…C-R]Ã-UWP-I…N-U-^…P-PÈ, ,
lakṣaṇaṃ bhavanti •
tatraitat syāt* <•> abhinirvṛttasyābhagna-
N‰-`-]N…-£U-▾Oÿ-N‰-NC-NEÈc-RÈ-UEÈP-R_-u⁄T-R-NE-U- C 183a
sya bhaviṣyantīti • tac ca nopa○padyate Z…C-R]Ã-UWP-I…N-^…P-R_-c‰Uc-P, N‰-^E-U…-]MN-N‰,
katham iti • iha ghaṭākhyasya sato H…-õ_-Z‰-P, ]N…-`-T“U-R-Z‰c-q-T]Ã-NEÈc-RÈ-^ÈN-R-`-P…-
[bhāva]syotpādo nāsti <•> na hi sataḥ punar
[21?]b6 utpāda[kṛtya](ḥ)▼ [a]stīti • atha sato 'pi
´‰-T-U‰N-N‰, ]N…-õ_-^ÈN-R-`-^E-´‰-T]Ã-q-T-U‰N-NÈ, ,
punar utpādaḥ syān na [kadācin na] syāt* F…-§‰-^ÈN-lE-´‰-T_-nŸ_-P-P…-PU-^E-U…-´‰-T_-U…-]nŸ_-
<•> na caitad iṣṭaṃ • tasmān na sata utpādo
○ 'sti yac ca nāsti sa kathaṃ lakṣaṇaṃ
Tc-▾N‰-P…-U…-]NÈN-NÈ, , N‰-õ_-Tc-P-^ÈN-R-`-´‰- ▾T- N 202a
syāt* •|| U‰N-N‰, , U‰N-R-CE-^…P-R-N‰-H…-õ_-UWP-I…N-Oÿ-]nŸ_, P 211a
ā(ha) sthitis tāvad astīti || ucyate • sthitir
μc-R, _‰-Z…C-CPc-R-P…-^ÈN-NÈ, , TaN-R, CPc-R-
api nopapadyate • ○ kutaḥ <•> ^E-U…-]MN-N‰, F…]Ã-p…_-Z‰-P, ]H…C-R-NE-ä‰c-c“-]{‰`-
bhaṃgānuṣaṃgāt* <•> nityānu[ṣa](ktaṃ) hi R]Ã-p…_-_È, , ]N…-õ_-]Oÿc-qc-P…-U…-åC-R- NE-BÈ_-
2
[sa](ṃskṛ)[tam an]i(tya)[ta]y(ā)
anitya .. .i .y. .. .. [sati kutaḥ] (sth)i(t)i(ḥ)
\“C-Lfi-ä‰c-c“-]{‰`-Rc-BÈ_-\“C-Lfi-U…-åC-P-H…-õ_-
CPc- R_-]nŸ _ -K‰ , CPc-R-NE-]H… C -R-CI… c -
3

▾]C`-T]Ã-p…_-_È, , D 187b

(to be continued)

1
Cf. LVP 170, l. 3. 1 N: DC N‰ .
2 åC: DC åÈC .
3 CPc: G CP .
147
 Errata

p. 118, l. 13: one fifth → one fourth

l. 30: 8a → (8)a;
l. 31: 8b → (8)b
p. 121, n. 7: = dJ → = dJ, BPMs