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| BS EN 462 :
BRITISH STANDARD |
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Non-destructive |
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testing Ð |
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Image quality of |
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radiographs |
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Part 3. Image quality classes for ferrous |
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metals |
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无损检验——射线图像质量 |
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第 ３ 部分：黑色金属的图像质量等级 |
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The European Standard EN 462-3 : 1996 has the status of a |
British Standard |
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ICS 19.100 |
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW |
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 中国工业检验检测网 http://www.industryinspection.com

BS EN 462-3 : 1997

Committees responsible for this

British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee
WEE/46, upon which the following bodies were represented:

Association of Consulting Engineers

BNF (Fulmer Materials Centre)
British Chemical Engineering Contractors' Association
British Coal Corporation
British Gas plc
British Institute of Non-destructive Testing
British Iron and Steel Producers' Association
British Nuclear Fuels plc
British Railways Board
Castings Technology International
Electricity Association
Engineering Equipment and Materials Users' Association
Health and Safety Executive
Institute of Physics
Institute of Quality Assurance
Lloyd's Register of Shipping
Ministry of Defence
National Radiological Protection Board
Power Generation Contractors' Association (PGCA)(BEAMA Ltd.)
Railway Industry Association
Royal Society of Chemistry
Safety Assessment Federation Ltd.
Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited
Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited
United Kingdom Accreditation Service
Welding Institute

The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through
sub-committees and panels:

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the British Photographic Association
direction of the Engineering National Nuclear Corporation Ltd.
Sector Board, was published
under the authority of the
West Bromwich College of Commerce and Technology
Standards Board and comes into
effect on
15 April 1997

© BSI 1997
Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No. Date Text affected

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference WEE/46
Draft for comment 92/85815 DC

ISBN 0 580 27000 9

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BS EN 462-3 : 1997

Contents

Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
National foreword ii
Foreword
Text of EN 462-3
List of references

© BSI 1997 i
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BS EN 462-3 : 1997

National foreword

This British Standard has been prepared by Technical committee WEE/46 and is the
English language version of EN 462-3 : 1996 Non-destructive testing Ð Image quality
of radiographs Ð Part 3: Image quality classes for ferrous metals, published by the
European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
EN 462-3 : 1996 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the
United Kingdom took an active part.
BS EN 462-3 : 1996, together with BS EN 462-1 : 1994, BS EN 462-2 : 1994 and
BS EN 462-5 : 1996, supersedes BS 3971 : 1980, which is withdrawn.

Cross-references
Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard
BS EN 462 Non-destructive testing Ð Image quality of
radiographs
EN 462-1 Part 1 : 1994 Image quality indicators (wire-type) Ð
Determination of image quality value
EN 462-2 Part 2 :1994 Image quality indicators (step/hole type) Ð
Determination of image quality value
EN 462-4 Part 4 : 1995 Experimental evaluation of image quality
values and image quality tables
EN 462-5 Part 5 : 1996 Image quality indicators (Duplex wire type),
determination of total image unsharpness value

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity

from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN
title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.

ii © BSI 1997
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EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 462-3

NORME EUROPEÂENNE
EUROPAÈISCHE NORM October 1996

ICS 19.100

Descriptors: Non-destructive tests, industrial radiography, photographic images, image quality indicators, quality classes, iron alloys

English version

Non-destructive testing Ð Image quality of radiographs Ð

Part 3: Image quality classes for ferrous metals

Essais non destructifs Ð Qualite d'image des ZerstoÈrungsfreie PruÈfung Ð BildguÈte von
radiogrammes Ð Durchstrahlungsaufnahmen Ð
Partie 3: Classes de qualite d'image pour des Teil 3: BildguÈteklassen fuÈr Eisenwerkstoffe
meÂtaux ferreux

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-09-27. CEN members are

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bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the
conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards
may be obtained on application to the Central Secretatiat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comite EuropeÂen de Normalisation
EuropaÈisches Komitee fuÈr Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

© 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members

Ref. No. EN 462-3 : 1996 E
 中国工业检验检测网 http://www.industryinspection.com

Page 2
EN 462-3 : 1996

Foreword Contents
This European Standard has been prepared by Page
Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive
testing, of which the secretariat is held by AFNOR. Foreword 2
This European Standard shall be given the status of a 1 Scope 3
national standard, either by publication of an identical 2 Normative references 3
text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 1997, and 3 Definitions 3
conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by April 1997. 4 Image quality classes 3
EN 462-3 is a Part of a series of European Standards. 5 Arrangement 4
The other Parts are the following: 6 Determination of image quality value 4
EN 462-1 Non-destructive testing Ð Image quality of
radiographs
Part 1: Image quality indicators (wire
type), determination of image quality
value
EN 462-2 Non-destructive testing Ð Image quality of
radiographs
Part 2: Image quality indicators (step/hole
type), determination of image quality
value
EN 462-4 Non-destructive testing Ð Image quality of
radiographs
Part 4: Experimental evaluation of image
quality values and image quality tables
EN 462-5 Non-destructive testing Ð Image quality of
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radiographs
Part 5: Image quality indicators (Duplex
wire type), determination of total image
unsharpness values

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,

the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European
Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

© BSI 1997
 中国工业检验检测网 http://www.industryinspection.com
Page 3
EN 462-3 : 1996

1 Scope 3.2 image quality indicator (IQI)

This standard specifies the minimum image quality See EN 462-1 and EN 462-2.
values to ensure a uniform radiographic quality. It 3.3 image quality value
applies to the two types of image quality indicator as
detailed in EN 462-1 for wire type IQI and EN 462-2 for See EN 462-1 and EN 462-2.
step/hole type IQI and for the two techniques 3.4 image quality table
described in EN 444. Values are specified for the two See EN 462-4.
classes of radiographic technique specified in
EN 444 and for ferrous metals. Additional definitions are given in EN 444.

2 Normative references 4 Image quality classes

This European Standard incorporates by dated or 4.1 Single-wall radiography
undated reference, provisions from other publications.
The image quality classes given in tables 1 to 4 can be
These normative references are cited at the
obtained if the requirements of EN 444 are met:
appropriate places in the text and the publications are
listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent ± Image quality class A for the class A radiographic
amendments to or revisions of any of these technique (see EN 444).
publications apply to this European Standard only ± Image quality class B for the class B radiographic
when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For technique (see EN 444).
undated references the latest edition of the publication ± Image quality values given in tables 1 to 4 apply in
referred to applies. cases where the IQI is placed on the source side. If
EN 444 Non-destructive testing Ð General it is not possible to place the IQI on the source side
principles for radiographic examination it may be placed on the film side. Tables 1 to 4
of metallic materials by x and Gamma cannot be applied in this case.

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rays NOTE. The use of exceptional arrangements (for example: use of
an iridium 192 source for thin plate sections) can result in
EN 462-1 Non-destructive testing Ð Image quality obtaining different image quality values from those specified (see
of radiographs footnotes of tables 1 to 4).
Part 1: Image quality indicators (wire 4.2 Double-wall radiography
type), determination of image quality
value The image quality classes given in tables 5 to 12 can be
obtained if the requirements of EN 444 are met:
EN 462-2 Non-destructive testing Ð Image quality
± Image quality class A for the class A radiographic
of radiographs
technique (see EN 444).
Part 2: Image quality indicators
(step/hole type), determination of image ± Image quality class B for the class B radiographic
quality value technique (see EN 444).
NOTE. The use of exceptional arrangements can result in
EN 462-4 Non-destructive testing Ð Image quality obtaining different image quality values from those specified (see
of radiographs footnotes of tables 6, 8, 10 and 12).
Part 4: Experimental evaluation of When using double wall radiographic technique, the
image quality values and image quality penetrated thickness w can be the sum of both wall
tables thicknesses t.
EN 584-1 Non-destructive testing Ð Industrial Tables 5 to 8 indicate the image quality values
radiographic film corresponding to the image quality classes A and B for
Part 1: Classification of film systems for a double-wall test with interpretation of the two walls,
industrial radiography the IQI being placed on the source side of the object
prEN 1435 Non-destructive examination of welds Ð (IQI on the source side).
Radiographic examination of welded Tables 9 to 12 indicate the image quality values
joints corresponding to the image quality classes A and B for
EN 25 580 Non-destructive testing Ð Industrial a double-wall test with interpretation of the single
radiographic illuminators Ð Minimum image, the IQI being placed on the film side of the
requirements (ISO 5580 : 1995) object (IQI on the film side).
Tables 9 to 12 may also be used to indicate the image
3 Definitions quality corresponding to the double-wall/double image
technique when the IQI is placed on the film side. This
For the purposes of this standard, the following may be the case of elliptical radiographs according to
definitions apply: prEN 1435.
3.1 classification of radiographic techniques
See EN 444.

© BSI 1997
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Page 4
EN 462-3 : 1996

5 Arrangement Single-wall technique; IQI on source side

To determine the image quality, when the radiograph is Table 1. Wire IQI
being taken, the IQI shall be placed on the source side
Image quality class A
of the section under test. If this is not possible, the IQI
Nominal thickness t IQI value1)
may be placed adjacent to the side of the section mm
under test nearest the film. To indicate that this latter
arrangement has been used, the image of the letter F up to 1,2 W 18
shall be visible immediately next to the IQI marking on above 1,2 to 2 W 17
the radiograph. above 2 to 3,5 W 16
The IQI shall always be placed on the object under test above 3,5 to 5 W 15
in an area where the thickness is as uniform as
above 5 to 7 W 14
possible.
above 7 to 10 W 13
Special arrangements are determined by application
standards. above 10 to 15 W 12
above 15 to 25 W 11
6 Determination of image quality value above 25 to 32 W 10
In determining the image quality value, the conditions above 32 to 40 W9
for viewing radiographs specified in EN 25 580 shall be above 40 to 55 W8
observed. above 55 to 85 W7
For wire type IQIs the number of the thinnest wire above 85 to 150 W6
which is still visible on the radiograph shall be taken
above 150 to 250 W5
as the image quality value achieved. The image of a
wire is accepted to be visible if a continuous length of above 250 W4
1) When using Ir 192 sources, IQI values worse than listed values
at least 10 mm is clearly visible in a region of uniform
optical density. may be accepted as follows:

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10 mm to 24 mm: up to 2 values above 24 mm to 30 mm: up
For step/hole type IQIs the number of the smallest hole to 1 value.
which is visible on the radiograph shall be taken as the
image quality value. When the step contains two holes, Table 2. Step and hole IQI
both shall be visible.
Image quality class A
In general, the image quality value shall be determined
Nominal thickness t IQI value1)
for every radiograph. If steps have been taken to
guarantee that radiographs of similar test objects and mm
regions are produced with identical exposure and up to 2 H 3
processing techniques and no differences in the image
quality value are likely, the image quality need not be above 2 to 3,5 H 4
verified for every radiograph, the extent of image above 3,5 to 6 H 5
quality verification being subject to agreement between above 6 to 10 H 6
the contracting parties.
above 10 to 15 H 7
above 15 to 24 H 8
above 24 to 30 H 9
above 30 to 40 H 10
above 40 to 60 H 11
above 60 to 100 H 12
above 100 to 150 H 13
above 150 to 200 H 14
above 200 to 250 H 15
above 250 to 320 H 16
above 320 to 400 H 17
above 400 H 18
1) When using Ir 192 sources, IQI values worse than listed values
may be accepted as follows:
10 mm to 24 mm: up to 2 values: above 24 mm to 30 mm:
up to 1 value.

© BSI 1997
 中国工业检验检测网 http://www.industryinspection.com
Page 5
EN 462-3 : 1996

Single-wall technique; IQI on source side Double-wall technique; Double image; IQI on
source side
Table 3. Wire IQI
Image quality class B Table 5. Wire IQI
Nominal thickness t IQI value1) Image quality class A
mm Penetrated thickness w IQI value
up to 1,5 W 19 mm

above 1,5 to 2,5 W 18 up to 1,2 W 18

above 2,5 to 4 W 17 above 1,2 to 2 W 17
above 4 to 6 W 16 above 2 to 3,5 W 16
above 6 to 8 W 15 above 3,5 to 5 W 15
above 8 to 12 W 14 above 5 to 7 W 14
above 12 to 20 W 13 above 7 to 12 W 13
above 20 to 30 W 12 above 12 to 18 W 12
above 30 to 35 W 11 above 18 to 30 W 11
above 35 to 45 W 10 above 30 to 40 W 10
above 45 to 65 W9 above 40 to 50 W9
above 65 to 120 W8 above 50 to 60 W8
above 120 to 200 W7 above 60 to 85 W7
above 200 to 350 W6 above 85 to 120 W6
above 120 to 220 W5

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above 350 W5
1) When using Ir 192 sources, IQI values worse than listed values above 220 to 380 W4
may be accepted as follows: above 380 W3
12 mm to 40 mm: up to 1 value.

Table 4. Step/hole IQI Table 6. Step/hole IQI

Image quality class A
Image quality class B
Penetrated thickness w IQI value1)
Nominal thickness t IQI value1) mm
mm
up to 2,5 H 2 up to 1 H 3
above 2,5 to 4 H 3 above 1 to 2 H 4
above 4 to 8 H 4 above 2 to 3,5 H 5
above 8 to 12 H 5 above 3,5 to 5,5 H 6
above 12 to 20 H 6 above 5,5 to 10 H 7
above 20 to 30 H 7 above 10 to 19 H 8
above 30 to 40 H 8 above 19 to 35 H 9
1) when using Ir 192 sources, IQI values worse than listed values
above 40 to 60 H 9 may be accepted as follows:
above 60 to 80 H 10 up to 3,5 mm: up to 2 values; above 3,5 mm to 10 mm: up to 1
value.
above 80 to 100 H 11
above 100 to 150 H 12
above 150 to 200 H 13
above 200 to 250 H 14
1) When using IR 192 sources, IQI values worse than listed
values may be accepted as follows:
12 mm to 40 mm: up to 1 value.

© BSI 1997
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Page 6
EN 462-3 : 1996

Double-wall technique; Double image; IQI on Double-wall technique; Single or double image;
source side IQI on film side

Table 7 Wire IQI Table 9. Wire IQI

Image quality class B Image quality class A
Penetrated thickness w IQI value Penetrated thickness w IQI value
mm mm
up to 1,5 W 19 up to 1,2 W 18
above 1,5 to 2,5 W 18 above 1,2 to 2 W 17
above 2,5 to 4 W 17 above 2 to 3,5 W 16
above 4 to 6 W 16 above 3,5 to 5 W 15
above 6 to 8 W 15 above 5 to 10 W 14
above 8 to 15 W 14 above 10 to 15 W 13
above 15 to 25 W 13 above 15 to 22 W 12
above 25 to 38 W 12 above 22 to 38 W 11
above 38 to 45 W 11 above 38 to 48 W 10
above 45 to 55 W 10 above 48 to 60 W9
above 55 to 70 W9 above 60 to 85 W8
above 70 to 100 W8 above 85 to 125 W7
above 100 to 170 W7 above 125 to 225 W6
above 170 to 250 W6 above 225 to 375 W5

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above 250 W5 above 375 W4

Table 8. Step/hole IQI Table 10. Step/hole IQI

Image quality class B Image quality class A
Penetrated thickness w IQI value1) Penetrated thickness w IQI value1)
mm
mm
up to 1 H 2
up to 2 H 3
above 1 to 2,5 H 3
above 2 to 5 H 4
above 2,5 to 4 H 4
above 5 to 9 H 5
above 4 to 6 H 5
above 9 to 14 H 6
above 6 to 11 H 6
above 14 to 22 H 7
above 11 to 20 H 7
above 22 to 36 H 8
above 20 to 35 H 8
1) When using Ir 192 sources, IQI values worse than listed values
above 36 to 50 H 9
may be accepted as follows: above 50 to 80 H 10
4 mm to 11 mm: up to 1 value. 1) When using Ir 192 sources, IQI values worse than listed values
may be accepted as follows:
5 mm to 9 mm: up to 2 values; above 9 mm to 22 mm: up to 1
value.

© BSI 1997
 中国工业检验检测网 http://www.industryinspection.com
Page 7
EN 462-3 : 1996

Double-wall technique, Single or double image;

IQI on film side

Table 11. Wire IQI

Image quality class B
Penetrated thickness w IQI value
mm
up to 1,5 W 19
above 1,5 to 2,5 W 18
above 2,5 to 4 W 17
above 4 to 6 W 16
above 6 to 12 W 15
above 12 to 18 W 14
above 18 to 30 W 13
above 30 to 45 W 12
above 45 to 55 W 11
above 55 to 70 W 10
above 70 to 100 W 9
above 100 to 180 W 8
above 180 to 300 W 7
above 300 W 6

Table 12. Step/hole IQI

Image quality class B
Penetrated thickness w IQI value1)
mm
up to 2,5 H 2
above 2,5 to 5,5 H 3
above 5,5 to 9,5 H 4
above 9,5 to 15 H 5
above 15 to 24 H 6
above 24 to 40 H 7
above 40 to 60 H 8
above 60 to 80 H 9
1) When using Ir 192 sources, IQI values worse than listed values
may be accepted as follows:
5,5 mm to 9,5 mm: up to 2 values; above 9,5 mm to 24 mm: up
to 1 value.

© BSI 1997
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