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    Ottoman Empire Part 1

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    andalib
    The Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It started as a small principality in northwestern Anatolia and expanded into a world power under sultans like Mehmed II and Suleiman I. The empire reached its peak in the 16th century under Suleiman I, known as "The Magnificent," who presided over a golden age of artistic, literary and architectural development. It began a long period of decline in the late 16th century that eventually led to its dissolution after World War I in 1922.

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    Ottoman Empire Part 1

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    andalib
    244 views45 pages
    The Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It started as a small principality in northwestern Anatolia and expanded into a world power under sultans like Mehmed II and Suleiman I. The empire reached its peak in the 16th century under Suleiman I, known as "The Magnificent," who presided over a golden age of artistic, literary and architectural development. It began a long period of decline in the late 16th century that eventually led to its dissolution after World War I in 1922.

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    It is a brief history of ottoman empire

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    The Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It started as a small principality in northwestern Anatolia and expanded into a world power under sultans like Mehmed II and Suleiman I. The empire reached its peak in the 16th century under Suleiman I, known as "The Magnificent," who presided over a golden age of artistic, literary and architectural development. It began a long period of decline in the late 16th century that eventually led to its dissolution after World War I in 1922.

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    244 views45 pages

    Ottoman Empire Part 1

    Uploaded by

    andalib
    The Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It started as a small principality in northwestern Anatolia and expanded into a world power under sultans like Mehmed II and Suleiman I. The empire reached its peak in the 16th century under Suleiman I, known as "The Magnificent," who presided over a golden age of artistic, literary and architectural development. It began a long period of decline in the late 16th century that eventually led to its dissolution after World War I in 1922.

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    ©DrMahipalRathore

    OTTOMAN EMPIRE
    History of one of the greatest empire
    on Earth

    PART 1
    By – Dr. Mahipal Singh Rathore
    Like the page for updates, articles
    and PDFs
    facebook.com/mahipalsinghrathore

    Telegram channel
    t.me/mahipalrathore
    MAP

    Straits of Dardanelles
    Ottoman empire (1299 CE – 1922 CE)

    The Ottoman empire was a state that controlled much


    of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa
    between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

    It was a multinational, multilingual empire

    It was the centre of interactions between


    the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries
    History of Ottomans can be divided in
    following periods

    A. Rise (1299 – 1453)


    B. Expansion and peak (1453–1566)
    C. Stagnation (1566–1827)
    D. Decline (1828 onwards )
    E. Dissolution (1st WW - 1922)
    Byzantine Empire 395-1453 CE
    Eastern Roman Empire / Byzantium

    In 330, Constantine, the Roman emperor, moved


    the seat of the Empire to Constantinople, which he
    founded as a second Rome on the site of
    Byzantium, a city strategically located on the trade
    routes between Europe and Asia
    Osman I (1299 ‒ 1324)
    1st Ottoman Sultan (Bey)
    Bey of the Kayı tribe
    Sogut - capital
    The ‘dream’
    Turkic Beyliks
    It is not well understood how the early Ottomans came
    to dominate their neighbours, due to the lack of
    sources surviving from this period

    Most likely – excellent horsemanship, use of a short


    bow and bonding of various tribes under the
    Ottoman beys
    Orhan Gazi (1324 ‒ 1362)
    True founder - independent completely.
    A series of civil wars surrounding the ascension of the Byzantine
    emperor greatly benefited Orhan. The Byzantines employed
    Ottoman warriors in these wars
    John VI even married his daughter to Orhan
    Captured the city of Bursa and made it his capital.
    The city of Nicaea(2nd largest) was also captured after a 3 year
    siege .
    Murad I 1362 - 1389
    He brought most of the Balkans under Ottoman rule
    Forced the princes of northern Serbia and Bulgaria as well
    as the Byzantine emperor John V to pay him tribute

    He established the title of sultan in 1383


    The corps of the janissaries and the devşirme recruiting
    system
    Janissaries
     Celebrated corps of Janissaries was
    formed during time of Orhan/Murad
     King’s personal guard - utmost loyalty
     A standing army!
     They began as an elite corps of slaves
    made up of kidnapped young Christian
    boys who were converted to Islam
    ‘Yıldırım’ (Thunderbolt) Bayezid 1389
    ‒1402
    He defeated the Crusaders decisively at Nicopolis (in modern
    Bulgaria) in 1396
    Unsuccessfully besieged Constantinople
    He was himself defeated and captured by Timur, the lame at
    the Battle of Ankara in 1402
    His four sons escaped the battlefield and fought a civil war
    for next 11 years
    It ended when Mehmed I emerged as the sultan and restored
    Ottoman power
    Mehmed II
    ‘The
    Conqueror’
    1451-1481
    He strengthened the Ottoman navy
    1453 - At the age of 21,
    he conquered Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and
    brought an end to the Byzantine Empire
    He made many political and social reforms, encouraged the
    arts and sciences.
    The empire flourished economically due to its control of the
    major overland trade routes between Europe and Asia

    Started building the - Topkapı Palace


    Mehmet II transitioned the empire away from the ’Ghazi’
    mentality that emphasizes ancient traditions and
    ceremonies in governance and moved the empire
    towards a centralized bureaucracy largely made of
    officials of devşirme background (Janissery).

    He gathered Italian artists, humanists and Greek scholars at


    his court, allowed the Byzantine Church to continue
    functioning
    Bayezid II 1481 -1512
    Consolidated the Empire
    Thwarted a Safavid rebellion in the east
    Selim I 1512-1520

    Defeated the Safavids of Persia in 1514


    Conquered Egypt from the Mamluks and the
    Middle Eastern heartlands of the Muslim world

    His assumption of the role of guardian of


    the pilgrimage routes to Mecca and Medina,
    established the Ottoman Empire as the most
    prestigious of all Sunni Muslim states

    First legitimate Ottoman Caliph


    Suleiman I
    ‘The Magnificent’
    1520-1566
    Kanuni Sultan Süleyman
    He was a great legislator,
    exponent of justice

    Ruled during the zenith of


    Ottoman Empire's
    economic, military and
    political power.
    13 campaigns
    Vast Conquests - Hungary , Baghdad, Middle east ,Algeria
    and much of North Africa
    Vienna – 1529,1532 – failed

    The Ottoman Naval fleet dominated the seas from


    the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and through the Persian
    Gulf

    Several naval campaigns against the Portuguese in an


    attempt to remove them and re establish trade with India
    (Siege of Diu)
    Major legislative changes relating to society, education,
    taxation and criminal law

    A great patron of culture, overseeing the "Golden" age of


    the Ottoman Empire in
    its artistic, literary and architectural development

    Commissioned over 300 mosque


    Renovated the Kaaba in Mecca, walls of Jerusalem
    Built the Suleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul
    Süleymaniye
    Mosque
    ‘Turquoise’
    THANK YOU
    For updates, articles and PDFs
    facebook.com/mahipalsinghrathore

    Telegram channel
    t.me/mahipalrathore

    Dr. Mahipal Singh Rathore

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