GENERAL EDUCATION 3 = sum of all digit is multiple 10=10,20,30,40,50,60

of 3 2. Continuous division
MATH 4 = sum of last 2 digit is LCM = 40
multiple of 4
Roman Numerals – Hindu 5 = last digit is 0 or 5 A. If a & b have no common
Arabic (Decimal 6 = divisible of 2 & 3 factors other than 1, then
Numerals) 7 = (𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡)2 -rest of the GCF(a,b)=1
numbers LCM(a,b)=ab
Real Number System *** Thus, relatively prime
1. Rational – fraction, 252 = 25 - 22
terminating, repeating = 25 - 4 B. If a can divide b, then
a. Integers – whole number -+ = 21 divisible by 7 GCF(a,b)=a
b. Non integral – fraction 252 = divisible by 7 LCM(a,b)=b
2. Irrational – not fraction, **** ***
terminating, repeating 8 = sum of last 3 digit is 12 & 48 ; GCF=12 ; LCM=48
multiple of 8
Properties: 9 = sum of all digit is multiple FRACTION – ratio or quotient
1. Closure > a+b=real number of 9 of two numbers
2. Commutative > a+b=b+a , 10 = last digit is 0 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
a•b=b•a 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
3. Associative > Euclid’s Algorithm – for any
(a+b)+c=a+(b+c) two integers a & b, 1. Unit – numerator is 1
4. Distributive > b≠0, there exist 2. Proper – numerator <
a(b+c)=a(b)=a(c) integers q & r, such denominator
5. Additive Identity > a+0=a that a=bq+r, r being 3. Improper – numerator >
6. Multiplicative Identity > greater than or equal to denominator
a•1=a zero but less than the 4. Mixed – whole number and
7. Additive Inverse > -a+a=0 absolute value of b. proper fraction
8. Multiplicative Inverse > r≥0 but r<|b|
𝑎 𝑏 Simplest form – GCF
• =1 12 12 1
𝑏 𝑎 GCF – Greatest common = =
factor 48 12 4
FUNDAMENTALS OF - greatest whole Addition
NUMBER THEORY number that can divide Similar
1. Divisible > a is divisible by two or more whole 3 9 12 2 1
+ = 𝑜𝑟 1 𝑜𝑟1
b, if a=bc numbers 10 10 10 10 5
2. Factor > b is factor of a, if 1. Factors – listing method Dissimilar – LCM
a=bc - Prime factorization 1 2 10(1) + 3(6)
+ =
3. Multiple > multiples of a are 8=1,2,4,8 3 10 30
product of a and any 10=1,2,5,10 10 + 6
=
number, m(a)=a•n 2. Canonical Form 30
16 8
4. Even Numbers > multiples 8=23 = 𝑜𝑟
of 2 10=2•5 30 15
5. Odd Numbers > not GCF= 2
multiples of 2 Subtraction
6. Prime number > LCM – Least common Similar
factor=1•itself 8 5 3 1
multiple − = 𝑜𝑟
7. Composite number > - two or more 9 9 9 3
factors>1•itself numbers multiple of Dissimilar – LCD
both numbers
Divisibility Test 1. Listing Method
2 = last digit is even 8=8,16,24,32,40,48,56
 9 1 1(9) − 5(1) 9 − 5 3 1 1
− = = 𝑥 = (2) **8 = 0.125 = 12.5%
10 2 10 10 4 2
4 2 3
= 𝑜𝑟 𝑥=1 DISCOUNT – amount
10 5 4 deducted the regular price of
4
𝑥= an item on sale
Multiplication 3
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎𝑐 **
• = 4 Percentage (P) = R•B
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏𝑑
= 2𝑥 **40% of P200 is how much?
9
18 5 3 1 3 4: 9 = 2𝑥: 1 P(N)=40%•P200
• = • = =0.4•P200
25 24 5 4 20 18𝑥 = 4
4 2 =P80
Division 𝑥= =
18 9 𝑃
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑑 𝑎𝑑 Rate (R) = 𝐵
÷ = • =
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏𝑐 **What percent of P150 is
PERCENTAGE – expression P7.50?
16 8 16 36 2 4 which indicates the number of 𝑃7.50
÷ = • = • 𝑅(𝑁) = = 0.05 = 5%
27 36 27 8 3 1 parts taken from a hundred 𝑃150
8 2 -(latin) per – for each/every;
= 𝑜𝑟 2
3 3 cent – a hundred Base (B) = 𝑅
𝑃

RATIO – relation of two or **68 is 85% of what number?

more quantities expressed in 68
A. Percent to Decimal - move 𝐵(𝑁) = = 80
term of quotient the decimal point two places 0.85
4
to the left and drop the **4.2 is 5 % what number?
Simplest Form – GCF percent sign 4
30: 18 = 30 ÷ 18 1 % = 0.8% = 0.008
***4 % = 0.25% = 0.0025 5
30 5 4.2
= 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟 5: 3 𝐵(𝑁) = = 525
18 3 0.008
**A rod, 72 inches long is to B. Decimal to Percent – move
**Gross profit was 40% of
be cut into 2 pcs in a 4:5 ratio. the decimal point two places
total sales, P480, 500.
What is the length of the to the right then add percent
Gross Profit= 40% (P480 500)
sorter piece? sign
= P192, 200
4 4 72 4 8 **0.0062=o.62%
**Student population is
= ∙ = ∙ = 32
4+5 9 1 1 1 composed of 2, 300 females
**32 inches C. Percent to Fraction – drop
and 1, 900 males. What
the percent sign then place
percent is the population of
PROPORTION – equality of 100 as denominator
males and of females?
two ratios -decimal: move the decimal
Total = 2,300+1,900=4,200
𝑎 𝑐 point two places to the left 1,900
𝑎: 𝑏 = 𝑐: 𝑑 𝑜𝑟 : after dropping the percent 𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 % = = 45.24%
𝑏 𝑑 4,200
sign and convert the decimal 2,300
a:b=c:d if ad=bc to fractional equivalent 𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒% = = 54.76%
**0.84% = 0.0084 4,200
Extreme = ad
Means = bc 84 21
= = NUMBER SERIES – series of
10,000 2,500 numbers which appear
**3:4=9:8 is not proportion
according to a certain rule or
**3(8) ≠ 4(9) 𝑜𝑟 24 ≠ 36 D. Fraction to Percent –
order
perform the indicated division
**3/2,1/2,1/6,__,1/54 = 1/18
** them move the decimal point
3/2x1/3=1/2x1/3=1/6x1/18
1 3 of the quotient two places to
𝑥: = 2: the right and add percent sign
2 4 LAWS ON EXPONENTS
A. am • an = am+n Techniques of counting – victims who are sisters insist
**(2a3 b)(-3a2 b3)= -6a5 b4 determine the number of on being together?
ways that events can happen: 6 𝑃6 ∙2 𝑃2 = 6! 2!
B. (am)n = amn tree diagram; fundamental = 720(2) = 1,440 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠
**(a5)2 (a3)4 =a10 • a12 = a22 principle of counting;
permutation; and combination 3. Permutation of n objects r
C. (abc)n = anbncn at a time
**-22(-x2)3=-4(-x6)=4x6 A. Fundamental Principle of 𝑛!
counting – given two events 𝑛 𝑃𝑟 =
(𝑛 − 𝑟)!
𝑎𝑚 E1 and E2, if E1 can happen in 6! 6!
D. = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑚 > 𝑛 ** 6 𝑃2 = (6−2)! = 4!
𝑎𝑛 n1 ways and E2 can happen in
𝑥7 6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4!
**𝑥 3 = 𝑥 7−3 = 𝑥 4 n2 ways. Then the number of = = 30
ways that both events can 4!
𝑎𝑚 1 happen in the specified order **In how many different ways
𝑛
= 𝑛−𝑚 , 𝑖𝑓𝑛 > 𝑚 n1 is n2 times. may the chief of a medical
𝑎 𝑎 mission assign six out of nine
𝑥3 1 1 ** In a planned longitudinal
**𝑥 7 = 𝑥 7−3 = 𝑥 4 doctors to head a team of
study on the effect of 3
different weights reducing health practitioners to six
𝑎𝑚 scheme, the following factors relief stations?
= 1 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 > 𝑚 9! 6!
𝑎𝑛 were considered: gender of
𝑥2 9 𝑃6 = =
**𝑥 3 =1 participant (male and female) (9 − 6)! 3!
and type of daily activity 362,880
= = 60,480 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠
𝑎 𝑛 𝑎𝑛 (physical and mental). In how 6
E. (𝑏) = 𝑏𝑛 many ways may the
2𝑥 25 𝑥 5 32𝑥 5 participant be satisfied? 4. Permutation of n objects
**(3𝑦 3 )5 = 35 𝑦 15 = 243𝑦 15 not all distinct – when one
2 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 ∙ 2 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
∙ 3 𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑚𝑒 cannot distinguish between
F. 𝑎0 = 1, 𝑎 ≠ 0 = 12 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑠 objects of the same class or
**50 = 1 characteristics, the
**−20 = −1 B. PERMUTATION – appropriate formula to use is:
arrangement of objects 𝑁!
1
G. 𝑎 −𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 wherein order is taken into 𝑛1 ! 𝑛2 ! … 𝑛𝑘 !
1 3 account N= total objects
** −1−1 − 2−1 = −1 − 2 = − 2
1
1. Factorial Notation – n! n=objects of particular class
2−1 ∙3−1 6 (read as n factorial) = n(n- **In how many different ways
**2−1 −3−1 = 1 1 =1
−
2 3 1)(n-2)…(n-r+1) where 𝑟 ≤ 𝑛 can we arrange 10
**5! = 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1 experimental hamsters in 10
𝑎 𝑏𝑛 5! = 120 laboratory cages if 4 hamsters
H. (𝑏)−𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛
By definition: 0! = 1 are white, 3 are brown and 3
2𝑎 𝑏 𝑏3
** ( 𝑏 )−3 = (2𝑎)3 = 8𝑎3 Proof: if 𝑟 = 𝑛, then 𝑛 − 𝑟 = 0. are gray?
1 1 −1 Thus, the last tern in the 10! 3,628,800
** (𝑥 −2 − 𝑦 2 ) = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) =
expansion will be (0 + 1) = 1 4! 3! 3! 864
𝑥2𝑦2 = 4,200 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠
= 2 2. Permutation of n objects
𝑦 − 𝑥2
taken all together 5. Circular Permutation – one
of the positions have to be
PROBABILITY – chance that 𝑛 𝑃𝑛 = 𝑛!
** 6 𝑃6 = 6! = 720 fixed so that it will serve as
a certain event will occur
**In how many different ways the point of reference in
-Involves the success or
may seven victims of cholera counting the movement of the
failure of certain events
epidemic be assigned to a object in the circle. Thus
ward with seven beds if two (𝑛−1) 𝑃(𝑛−1) = (𝑛 − 1)!
** (6−1) 𝑃(6−1) = (6 − 1)!
 = 5! = 120 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 number of black marble is 1/3 **A rectangular farm as
**In a culture sensitivity test, a of red marbles. If there are 6 dimensions of 500m and 400
microbiologist has to arrange blue marbles, find the m. Find its area in hectares.
circular strips of different probability 𝐴 = 𝐿𝑊 = (500)(400)
antibiotics in a circular fashion a. P(red)=2(6)-3=9/18 or 1/2 = 200,000𝑚2
on a large Petri dish with b. P(black)=9÷3=3/18 or 1/6 1 ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠
culture media and swab it with 𝐴 = 200,000𝑚2 ×
c. P(blue)=6/18 or 1/3 10,000𝑚2
the microorganism being 9+6+3=18 outcomes = 20ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠
tested. In how many ways
may the microbiologist
implant 7 of these antibiotic
strips in a circle?
(7−1) 𝑃(7−1) = (7 − 1)! STATISTICS
= 6! = 720 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠
GEOMETRY AND
C. Combination – MEASUREMENT
arrangement of objects where
order or position is not
important. Combination of n A. PERIMETER
objects taken all together is 1. 1. Square=4s
𝑛 𝐶𝑛 = 1 2. Rectangle=2(l+w)
** 5 𝐶5 = 1 3. Triangle=a+b+c
100 𝐶100 = 1 4. Circle=2𝜋𝑟 𝑜𝑟 𝜋𝑑

7. Combination of n object B. AREA

taken r at a time 1. Square=a2
2. Rectangle=lw
3. Triangle=1/2ba
4. Parallelogram=bh
5. Trapezoid=1/2(a+b)h
6. Circle=𝜋𝑟 2

C. VOLUME
1. Cube=s3
2. Rectangular prism=lwh
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 3. Triangular prism=1/2bha
𝑃(𝐸) = 4. Rect pyramid=1/3lwh
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
**Suppose bag A have chips
1,2&3 and bag B have
3,4,5,&6. If a player gets one Pythagorean Theorem – right
chip from each bag, what is triangle and diagonal of
the probability of getting a square or rectangle
sum of 6? (Hypotenuse)2 =sum of the
1+5; 2+4;3+3=3 events squares of two legs
3x4=12 outcomes 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
:. The probability of getting a **If a diagonal of a table with
sum of 6 after drawing a chip a square top is 6ft. what is the
3 1 area of the table top?
from the bag is 12 = 4 𝑜𝑟25%
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 = 62
** The number of red marbles
2𝑥 2 = 36
is 3 less than twice the
𝑥 2 = 18 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
number of blue marble. The