E GMAT Live Session Algebra Upgrade V2.0.02 PDF
E GMAT Live Session Algebra Upgrade V2.0.02 PDF
E GMAT Live Session Algebra Upgrade V2.0.02 PDF
Algebra ?
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Algebra
?
Live Session
• Key Takeaways from the session to be noted down and applied while
solving questions
6 6 3
PS PS DS
A y < -2
B y > -2
C y<1
D y > -1
A y < -2
B y > -2
C y<1
D y>1
How many non-negative integral values of m does the two given inequalities satisfy:
−4𝑚 − 𝑛 + 5 > 0 and n+5> 0
•A 1
•
B 2
•
C 3
•
D 4
A y < -2
Moving “-y” to the left side Moving “+10” to the right side Dividing both sides of the
B y > -2 inequality by 5
D y > -1 • 5y + 10 > 0
A y < -2
Multiply x – y > -3 by 2 Adding the two inequalities
B y > -2
• 2x-2y > -6 -----------(1)
C y<1 • 2x-2y > -6
• -2x + 3y > 4 ---------(2)
D y>1
2x and -2x cancel each other out
• y >-2
−4𝑚 − 𝑛 + 5 > 0
n+5 > 0
A
1 Adding both the inequalities Multiply by -1
A (2,3)
B (−∞, 2)
𝑥−3
What is the range of values of x if 𝑥+4 < 0
•A (3, ∞)
•
B −∞, 4
•
C −4, 3
•
D (−∞, −4) & (3, ∞)
Both (x-2) & (x-3) are positive Both (x-2) & (x-3) are negative
•
A (2,3)
1.(x-2) > 0 1.(x-2) < 0
•
B (−∞, 2) • x >2 • x<2
2. (x-3) >0 2. (x-3) < 0
•
C (−∞, 2) & (3, ∞)
• x >3 • x<3
•
D
(−∞, −2) & (−3, ∞)
Combining both the inequations Combining both the inequations
• x >3 • x<2
1. For x>3, (x-2)(x-3) is positive. 2. For 2<x<3, (x-2)(x-3) is negative. 3. For x<2, (x-2)(x-3) is positive.
•
C (−∞, 2) & (3, ∞)
• Wavy-line method
•
D
(−∞, −2) & (−3, ∞) +ive +ive
2 -ive 3
(𝑥+4)2(𝑥−3)
• <0
A• (3, ∞) (𝑥+4)
• (x+4)(x-3) <0
•
B −∞, 4
c• −4, 3
• Wavy-line method
•
D
(−∞, −4) & (3, ∞) +ive +ive
-4 -ive 3
A 𝑥 ≤2
B 𝑥 ≥ −8
C −8 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
D −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
Inequality
A
• 𝑥 ≤2
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-5 ≤ z ≤ 5
B
• 𝑥 ≥ −8
Replace
C
• −8 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 z=x+3
-5 ≤ x+3 ≤ 5
D
• −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
Add (-3)
A• 𝑥 ≤2 • |x – (-3) | ≤ 5
• Distance less than or equal
B• 𝑥 ≥ −8 to 5 from -3
C• −8 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
D• −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
https://gmatclub.com/forum/wavy-line-method-application-complex-algebraic-inequalities-224319.html
A -2 < x < 0
B -2 < x < ∞
C -∞ < x < -2
D −∞ < x < 2
x > -2
-∞ -2 0 ∞
1. Always change the sign of the inequality whenever you multiply an inequality by a negative value
17 + 3x ≥ x + 6
A -5.5
B -5.0
C -4.5
D -3
E -2
C -4.5 17 + 3x ≥ x + 6
-∞ - - - - - - - 0 ∞
6 5.5 5 4 3 2 1
3 possible values of x -5, -4, and -3
1. Read the question statement properly and pay special attention to the constraints given in the question
2. At every step make sure that you keep the intermediate values within the given constraints
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Q3 – Quadratic Inequality – Question
What is the range of values for z2 given that (z2 + 4) (z2 – 2) < 0?
A -4 < z2 < 2
B 0 ≤ z2 ≤ 2
C -∞ < z2 < 2
D 0 ≤ z2 < 2
E - √ 2 < z2 < √ 2
If z is an integer, how many values of z2 satisfy the inequality: (z2 + 4)(z2 – 2) < 0?
A 0
B 1
C 2
D 3
E 6
A -4 < z2 < 2
0 ≤ z2 < 2
A -4 < z2 < 2
Wavy-line method
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑧 = x
2
B 0 ≤ z2 ≤ 2 Silly mistake!
D 0 ≤ z2 < 2
-4 2
-ve
E -√2< z2 <√2 -4 < z2 < 2
0 ≤ z2 < 2
A 0
Wavy-line method
B 1
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑧 2 = x
C 2 (x + 4)(x – 2) < 0
D 6 Silly mistake!
-4 2
-ve
E Cannot be determined -4 < z2 < 2
Silly mistake!
0 ≤ z2 < 2
x and y are positive integers such that x + 2y > 20 and 3x – 30 < -y. What is the positive difference
between the minimum possible value of x and minimum value of y?
A -6
B 0
C 1
D 4
E 6
B 0 Took max value of x Standard form Solve the inequalities Find the answer
Inequality 1 Multiplying (1) by 3 x<8 y>6
C 1 x + 2y > 20 3x + 6y - 60 > 0 -- (3) (x >0)
x + 2y - 20 > 0 --- (1) -3x – y + 30 > 0 -- (4)
Min x = 1 Min y = 7
D 4 Inequality 2 Adding (3) and (4)
3x – 30 < -y 5y - 30 > 0
E 6 3x + y – 30 < 0 y – 6 > 0 -- (5)
-3x – y + 30 > 0 -- (2) y > 6 -- (6) Difference
Adding (5) and (2) y – x = 7-1 = 6
-3x + 24> 0
-x > -8
x<8
1 1
A (-∞, − 4), (4, ∞)
1 1
B (− 4, 4)
1 1
C (-∞, − 5), (5, ∞)
1 1
D (- 5, 5)
1 1
E (-∞, - ), ( , ∞)
5 4
1 1
B (− 4, 4)
Standard form Solve the inequalities Identify overlap zone
1 1 1 1
C (-∞, − 5), (5, ∞) Substitute 𝑟 2 as x and 𝑠2 as y
1 1
D (- 5, 5) Inequality 1 Inequality 2
x - y > -9 2x – y < 7
1 1 x - y + 9 > 0 --- (1) 2x - y - 7 < 0
E (-∞, - 5), (4, ∞) -2x + y + 7 > 0 -- (2)
Silly mistake!
1 1
(− 4, 4) Adding (1) and (2) 1
<16
1
<25
B Inequality 1 𝑟2 𝑠2
-x + 16 > 0 -- (3)
x - y + 9 > 0 --- (1)
x < 16 1
< 𝑟2
1
< 𝑠2
1 1 16 25
C (-∞, − 5), (5, ∞) 1
1
𝑟2 - >0 𝑠2 - >0
Inequality 2 Adding (3) and (1) 16 25
D (-
1 1
, ) -2x + y + 7 > 0 -- (2) -y + 25 >0 (𝐫 −
𝟏 𝟏
)(𝐫 + ) > 𝟎 (𝐬 −
𝟏 𝟏
)(𝐬 + ) > 𝟎
5 5 𝟒 𝟒 𝟓 𝟓
y < 25
1 1
E (-∞, - 5), (4, ∞)
Silly mistake! Overlap zone
r r 1 1
(-∞, − 4), (4, ∞)
1 1
1 − 1
− 5 5
4 4
1. Overlap zone is the zone which contains values common to all the variables under consideration
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o Basic application of concepts related to
o Converting inequalities into Standard form
o Q5
o Wavy-line method and identifying overlap zone
700 Level Questions o Q6
o Simplifying an equation to bring it to a known form
Overview of o
o Q6
Focus on the constraints on the variables
Q5-Q6 o
o Q5
Reading the question statement properly
o Q5
A Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Is z positive?
To find: Is z positive?
Constraint: • z is an integer.
• |z |< 6 -6 < z < 6
|z-2|>3
Is z positive?
Statement 1: |z-2|>3
|z-2|>3
Can we write |z-2|>3 as: -3 < z-2 < 3
This is true
• z-2 > 3 • z-2 < -3
when |z-2| < 3
o z>5 • -6 < z < 6 o z < -1
Substitute
No integral value o -6 < z < -1
• z-2=t
between 5 and 6
All values are negative
• |t| > 3
Visualize |t|>3 on number line
So, z can be both,
t < -3 |t|<3 t>3 positive and negative ??
Statement 1 is sufficient
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
1. |z|=2
Is z positive?
Statement 1: |z|=2
Z= +2 and -2
Correct Answer - A
A Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Is a < b?
To find: Is a < b?
Constraint: No constraint
Is a < b?
Is a < b?
Statement 1: |a – b| = b – a
b −a≥0
|x| = y
b ≥a
y is equal to absolute
value of a number
Two conditions possible
y is non-negative number
a=b
a<b
y≥ 0
Statement 1 is NOT sufficient
Is a < b?
Is a < b?
𝑎
Statement 2: <1
𝑏
B
a=b a<b
a<b a>b C
a<b
E Silly mistake!
Both conditions together are sufficient
Correct Answer - C
A Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
Is z > 2?
To find: Is z > 2?
Constraint: No constraint
Is z > 2? Is z > 2?
(z−2)2> 22
|(z−2)2|
(z−2)2– 22 >0
Statement 1 is NOT sufficient
(z-2-2)(z-2+2) > 0 A square of any number is
always non-negative
(z-4)(z) > 0
z z
|(z-2)2| > 4 (z-2)2 > 4
0 4
z<0 z>4
Is z > 2? Is z > 2?
z ≥0
Case 1: z > 0
Case 2: z = 0
A
z<0 z=0
z>4 z>0 B
z>4
D
2. Quadratic Inequalities
A Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
To find: Value of P
|P|Q = 1
Constraint: PQ > 0
|P| = 1
because Q ≠ 0 3. Q = 0, |P| is any non-zero x
integer
P=1 P = -1
So, two values of P are possible: 1, -1
Q>0 Q<0
• P=1 • P = -1
P=?
• Q>0 • Q is negative integer
Statement 1: |P|=P
P is non-negative
P≥0
Thus P = 1
Statement 1 is sufficient
• P=1 • P = -1
• Q>0 • Q is negative integer P=?
Statement 1: |Q|=Q
Q is non-negative
Q≥0
Statement 2 is sufficient
1. In DS questions, it is extremely important to analyze the question statement before moving to Statement Analysis
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Q11 – Absolute Value – Question
If |P| ≠ 1 and |P|Q =1, then what is the value of P?
1. |P|=P+Q
2. |Q|=P-2
A Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
To find: Value of P
Constraint: |P| ≠ 1
|P|Q = 1
P≠ 1 or -1
Either
Statement 1: |P|=P + Q
|P| = P + 0
|P| = P
Statement 1 is not sufficient
P is non-negative
P≥0
• Q=0
• P any number other than -1, 0, 1 P=?
Statement 1: |Q|=P – 2
0=P-2
Q=0
P=2
Statement 2 is sufficient
Correct Answer - B
1. In DS questions, it is extremely important to analyze the question statement before moving to Statement Analysis
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