95 Topic For Tool Box Talk PDF

LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
HYDROCARBON INTERNATIONAL
TOOL BOX TALK

TOOL BOX TALK
Sl. No. Tool Box Talk Topics

General
1 Equipment Roll over
2 Falling Objects
3 Loading Equipment
4 Walking/ working around equipment /vehicles
5 Defensive Driving
6 Computer Ergonomics
7 Heat Stress
8 Office Safety
9 Working in the Desert
10 Desert animals, reptiles& insects
11 Driving Safety
12 Driving in the desert
13 Noise
14 Waste disposal
15 Heavy Equipment
16 Accident/incident Reporting
17 Respiratory Protection
18 Personal Protective Equipment
19 Storage & Handling of chemicals
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TOOL BOX TALK
Civil
20 Competent person
Emergency Response plan

21
Atmospheric Conditions
22
23 Barricades
24 Site conditions
25 Working with cement
26 Vibration
27 Dust and dirt
28 Roofs
29 Safety Procedures During demolition/ dismantling
30 Soil Types
Mechanical
31 Grinders/Abrasive saws
32 Machine Guarding
33 Fork Lift Trucks
34 Pinch Points
35 Working around cranes
36 Compressed Gas Cylinders
37 Maintenance Hazards
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TOOL BOX TALK
38 Material Handling Equipment
39 Rigging Failures
40 Sling Inspection
41 Stacking/Storing Materials
Use of Taglines
42
43 Transporting/Unloading Materials
44 Working with cranes
45 Fire Extinguisher
46 Disposing of oily Rags
47 Spill clean up
Spill prevention
48
49 Trash
50 Equipment and vehicle leaks
51 Ladder climbing
52 Ladder : Extension Ladders
53 Ladder fixed
54 Ladder: Job Built-Ladder
55 Ladder: proper Access
56 Ladder: Tie-offs
57 Ladder: Metal Ladders
58 Ladder: step Ladders
59 Warning Labels
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TOOL BOX TALK
60 Scaffolds : Suspended
61 Scaffolds : Safe work practices
62 Scaffold Over head Hazard
63 Scaffold : Erection/ Dismantling
64 Securing Bolts
65 Confined space
66 Fire Safety
67 Working on flow lines
68 Hand Tools
69 Power Tools
70 Pneumatic Tool Safety
71 Mobile Elevating Work platform
72 Spray Painting
73 Use of Chain saw
74 Guidance to Banks men
75 Slips Trips & Falls
76 Erecting steel structures
77 Protection against accidental Fall
78 Grit Blasting
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TOOL BOX TALK
Electrical
79 Battery Charging
80 Electrical Burns
81 Lightning Strikes
82 Live circuit panels
83 Over head power lines
84 Wires can mean Death
85 Working in live Electrical box
86 Electrocution
87 Proper use of Extension cords
88 Ground fault circuit Interrupters
89 Insulated Gloves.
Lock out/Tag out

90
91 Portable Generators
92 Electrical Power tools
93 Proper Grounding
94 Near underground cables
95 Electrical Safety
Page 5
TOOL BOX TALK-GENERAL
Equipment Rollover
Introduction
1. Review any accidents or "near accidents" from the past week.
2. Describe the hazards of the work as they relate to your project. Explain or show the
SAFE way of doing the job.
3. Give the Tool box Safety Talk
Any piece of heavy equipment can tip over under extreme conditions or if used improperly; i.e.,
at a high speed, especially going down an incline, or being too near an unstable edge. To help
prevent accidents, make sure you are properly trained to operate the equipment and follow
these safe work practices:
 Ensure that all equipment used in a location

where there is a danger of overturn is
equipped with a Rollover Protective Structure
(ROPS).
 Always wear the seat belt to take advantage

of ROPS protection. To survive an equipment
rollover, the operator must remain inside the
protective structure.
 Learn to identify those areas where a rollover

could happen. Use extra caution when using
heavy equipment on steep or hilly terrain.
 Keep in mind that equipment outfitted with ROPS can still roll over. Be prepared to
take appropriate control measures.
 Do not try to jump away in a rollover. You could become a victim and be crushed by
the ROPS.
 Do not operate equipment in ways for which it was not designed. This could increase
the likelihood of a rollover.
Falling Objects
Introduction
Among the most common causes of serious work injuries are accidents involving falling
objects. You are at risk from falling objects when you are adjacent to cranes, scaffolds etc., or
where overhead work is being performed. Injuries can range from minor abrasions to
concussions, blindness, or death. Take these precautions to prevent injury:
 Wear a hard hat when operations

are being conducted adjacent to
and overhead of your work area,
or wherever the potential exists for
injuries due to falling objects.
 Choose the right hard hat for the job.

Hard hats are classified according
To protection against impact and
penetration hazards, as well as
electrical hazards.
 Choose the appropriate hard hat for

your application. (Class A, B or C).
 Wear the hat properly. Follow manufacturer information on how to tighten the
suspension to achieve a proper fit.
 Inspect the hard hat before each use. Look for signs of wear, cracks, dents, cuts,
holes, burns, or other material damage. Inspect the webbing, headband, and
suspension attachment points for signs of cuts, tears, and frayed material
Loading Equipment
Introduction
Loading equipment onto trailers can cause serious injuries if the equipment slips or falls. Often,
the equipment will be just as wide as the trailer and there will be little room for error. No matter
what type of equipment you are loading or what type of trailer you are using, follow these
general rules:
 Make sure all non-essentia! Personnel are

removed from the loading area.
 Secure the truck or trailer to prevent movement.

Use chocks or wheel blocks.
 Verify that the equipment is in line with the

trailer. Make sure the trailer is level.
 If you're driving equipment onto a trailer, watch

and follow your guide.
 Do not steer sharply.
 Before transit, make sure the weight is evenly distributed on the trailer and the
equipment is secured.
Walking / working around Equipment /Vehicles
Introduction
The second highest cause of construction-related deaths is being struck by an object. If vehicle
safety practices are not observed at your site, you risk being pinned between construction
vehicles and walls, struck by swinging backhoes, crushed beneath overturned vehicles, or
other similar accidents. If you work near public roadways you risk being struck by trucks or
cars. Follow these safety tips to help protect yourself and, if you're driving a vehicle, other
workers:
 Drive vehicles or equipment only on roadways

or grades that are safely constructed and
maintained. Obey all project speed limits.
 Do not drive a vehicle in reverse gear with an

obstructed rear view unless it has an audible
reverse alarm, or another worker signals that it
is safe.
 Make sure that you and all other personnel

are in the clear before using dumping or lifting
devices.
 Lower or block bulldozer and scraper blades, end-loader buckets, dump bodies, etc.,
when not in use, and leave all controls in neutral position.
 Set parking brakes when vehicles and equipment are parked, and chock the wheels if
they are on an incline.
 Use traffic signs, barricades and flaggers when construction takes place near public
roadways.
 If you're working near roadways, make sure you're highly visible in all levels of light.
High visibility clothing is required; and if worn for night work, must be of reflective
material.
Defensive Driving
In all cases, while operating a motor vehicle, drivers should practice defensive driving
techniques. Defensive driving is the art of driving so as to prevent and avoid traffic crashes,
regardless of the unsafe conditions and actions created by other drivers and adverse road and
or weather conditions
A good defensive driver will practice the following eight techniques
 Glance well ahead in the direction of travel. Look 2 or 3 vehicles ahead to observe
driving conditions in front of you. This allows you to consider a condition before you
reach it;
 Get the "big picture"; learn to see the entire roadway. Sweep the scene, sides and
back. Avoid "tunnel vision". Keep your eyes moving; Position vehicle slightly offset to
traffic to increase your field of vision.
 Always allow an escape route, leave a cushion by

slowing or moving ahead of the vehicles beside
you;
 Keep your vehicle visible and signal your

intentions early;
 When stopped prior to making left turns across

incoming traffic leave wheels straight to prevent
being pushed into oncoming traffic in the event of
a rear-end crash;
 When entering intersections practice looking

left/right/left. Be sure to come to a full stop before proceeding;
 Learn to compensate for hazards such as weather, debris, potholes, loose gravel, or
sand; and
 ALWAYS maintain a cautious driving attitude.
 Remember, when entering a Rotary that Massachusetts law requires you to yield to
vehicles already in the Rotary.
Computer Ergonomics
Over the past few decades, computer-based technology has become indispensable in most
offices. Along with the proliferation of the technology, concern about healthy, safe, and
comfortable use of computers has emerged. Symptoms:
 Muscular Discomfort- pain, aching, loss of coordination, numbness,
and stiffness
 Eye Strain- headaches, dizziness, nausea
Preventative Ergonomic Guidelines:

Monitor Configuration:
 Depth- The monitor should be arms length away from you while seated.
 Height- The toolbar at the top of the screen should fall just below eye level; this allows
the user to view the screen without causing neck strain from repetitive moving.
Keyboard and Mouse Configuration:
 Keyboard- The keyboard should be set to a height so your forearms are parallel to the
floor and make a 90 ° to 110 ° angle with the upper arm. This should allow you to freely
type without resting your wrists on ANY hard or soft surface. Most desks require an
adjustable keyboard tray to accomplish this.
 Mouse- The mouse should be located on the same
plane as the key board (keyboard trays should
have a mouse caddy to accommodate the mouse).
Determine which mouse causes the least strain on
your wrist (conventional, trackball, etc).
Chair Configuration:
 Depth (Seat Pan)- The seat pan should leave
roughly a 2-3 finger space between the end of the
seat and the back of your legs.
 Height- The chair should be at a height that allows
you to place your feet flat on the floor with your
thighs perpendicular to your lower legs.
 Lumbar Support- The lumbar support on the chair should contour and rest against the
small of your back.
 Backrest Tilt- the Backrest should be at a 90 ° to 110 ° angle when typing.
Preventative Exercise:
 Get up and walk around to stretch your legs for a few minutes on an as needed basis.
 Stretch- wrist, arms, and back periodically while at your workstation
 For our online Ergonomic Evaluation please visit our website

Heat Stress
Living in New England, we have become accustomed to dealing with extreme temperature
fluctuations. With this toolbox talk we will define heat stress, and look at the various heat
induced illnesses and how to prevent/treat heat stress
What is Heat Stress?

Heat stress occurs when the body is unable to cool itself by sweating.
Heat stress can lead to heat exhaustion or heat stroke
Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion:
 Headache, dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting

 Weakness and moist skin
 Mood changes, irritability, confusion
 Nausea, vomiting
Symptoms of Heat Stroke:
 Dry, hot skin with no sweating

 Mental confusion or loss of consciousness
 Seizures or convulsions
 Can be fatal
Preventing Heat Stress:
 Know signs/symptoms of heat related illnesses

 Block out sun or other heat sources
 Use fans/A.C. units
 In high heat, drink l cup of water every 15 minutes
 Wear lightweight, light colored, loose fitting clothes
 Avoid alcohol, caffeinated drinks, or heavy meals
 Wear sunscreen of SPF 15 or >; reapply every 2 hours
How to Treat Heat-Related Illness
 Move worker to cool shaded area

 Loosen or remove heavy clothing
 Provide cool drinking water in small amounts every 2 to 3 minutes until the victim
recovers.
 Fan and mist person with water
 Do not give ice to the victim.
Office Safety
With this toolbox talk we will discuss how to keep a clean and safe office environment.
Storage:
A common problem found in offices is a lack of space. But a lack of space should not be used
as an excuse to improperly store boxes, copier paper, etc.
 Storage of Office Materials:

 Keep all storage of combustible materials (cardboard, paper) to an absolute minimum
as they can pose both a fire and trip hazard.
 Never store combustibles near electrical outlets. Place heavier objects on lower
shelves.
 Ensure all shelves are sturdy and will be able to handle the load Never block hallways,
doors, and stairwells with stored office materials There should always be clear access
to electrical panels, fire extinguishers, AEDs, and fire pull stations. Scheduled Cleaning:
 It is a good idea to schedule a few days a year to go through all your paper files
and purge un-needed documents.
 Remove unnecessary objects/supplies/ books from shelving units.
 Assess if you need more shelving space and order/install what is
needed to eliminate floor storage.
 Take the time to clean and sanitize your workstation as needed.
 Keyboards and telephones, in particular, should be cleaned and sanitized
General
 Do not run in corridors, walk
 Do not read while walking
 Do not lean back in chairs on two legs.
 While closing a drawer, close the upper drawer first to prevent accidental hit.
 Report all defects in furniture e.g. missing casters, screw missing from areas of chairs.
Common Office Injuries:
Slips, Trips and fall are the most common cause of office injuries:
 Slipping on wet/slick floors (Clean up any spills immediately)

 Tripping over electrical cords/wires, open cabinet doors (Secure cords/drawers)
 Damaged flooring (Report any loose tiles, frayed/torn carpeting etc. to Facilities)
 Objects stored on the floor (Utilize shelf/desk space wherever possible)
 Using a chair/box for a stepladder (Always use a stepladder)
 Struck By or Striking Objects:
 Bumping into doors, open drawers etc.
 Bumping into other people while walking
 Struck by suddenly opened doors or falling objects
 Overexertion and Strains:
 Picking up a load incorrectly (Refer to our Lifting Safety Toolbox Talk for additional
information)
 Repetitive Stress injuries resulting from your workstation (Refer to our Computer
Ergonomics Toolbox Talk for additional information
Working in the Desert

1. All workers deployed in desert locations must be informed of the following safety
procedures preventive measures.
Ambulance request procedures
 Permit to Work system

 Explosive Ordnance Safety Awareness
 Personal protective Equipment
 Other safety rules & Regulations pertaining to the assigned work.
2. Before driving in the desert, the vehicle must be inspected and equipment required for
travelling in the desert must be obtained.
3. All employees must be prepared for desert weather condition and temperature. The
supervisor must inform the employees for desert hazards encountered- during winter
(i.e. low temperature, high wind speed, low
visibility) and summer.
4. High wind speed and sand storm may result

to poor visibility and the exposure may cause
eye injuries. It is advisable to drive with
extreme cautions using proper eye protection
or stop the vehicle and wait inside till the
weather subsides.
5. There is a possibility of encountering desert

animals, reptiles or insects (such as dog
packs, snakes, scorpions, etc.) that can be dangerous. Be watchful and do not attempt
to catch desert animals, reptiles, or insects.
6. If someone is bitten or stung by such insects/ reptiles/ animals- immediately inform first
aid clinic for assistance. Keep the person calms, lying still. A doctor or paramedic may
advice through radio for administering first aid till medical help arrives.
7. Be aware of explosive ordinance hazards. Do not touch any suspicious items. On

noticing any un-identified objects, inform immediately to first aid clinic, who will
arranged further actions to the concerned team.
Desert animals, Reptiles, and Insects

1. There are several types of animals, reptiles and insects encountered in the desert,
which may be potentially dangerous to human life. Leave all those creatures alone and
most often it may not pose any threat to you.
2. Do not feed or befriend wild animals such as dogs or cat. Leaving food out will also
encourage mice and rats. Wild animals are sometimes infected with rabies or its contact
or biting my transmit infection.
3. Sand Vipers, a poisonous snake, have been found in Desert work areas.
4. Scorpions are also common in desert as are spiders and other insects, which can bite.
5. Report any animal attack, snake bite or scorpion sting to first aid clinic for arranging
rescue or medical assistance.
If desert animal or insects bite a person, the following First Aid should be administered:
SNAKE BITE
If the victim is more than 10 minutes from the

hospital, place a band above the bite or above
the joint closest to the bite.
Do not move the person. Keep the person calm

and call for emergency assistance.
SCORPION STING
If it is available, place an ice pack, or ice cube

on the sting. Transfer the victim to the nearest
hospital.
SPIDER BITE
Ice cubes or an ice pack should be applied at the affected part to relieve pain. The victim
should be referred to the hospital for medical attention if required.
DOG OR CAT BITE
The victim should immediate report to the hospital for treat men and medical investigation.
The medical officer shall diagnose the bite and notify the detail to the Veterinarian for
observation of the animal
Driving Safety
PREPARATION:
Get a tire pressure gauge and know the correct tire pressures for each type of vehicle.
1. Inspect your vehicle every day before driving. Check for lube oil, tire pressure, engine
oil, and radiant water. Clean windows, headlights, tail lights and windscreen etc.
2. Tire pressures must be set to the manufacturers recommended pressures. Do not

reduce tire pressure to compensate for ambient temperature. If you have to reduce tire
pressure to travel through soft sand area, re-inflate when you get back on the graveled
or asphalted road. Soft tire flexes more than correctly inflated tires and generates
higher tire wall temperature, which can lead to puncture or tire burst.
3. Obey the speed limits on streets as well as on highways.
4. Do not violate signal lights. It is against traffic regulations.
5. Do not exceed speed limit of 45 KM/hr /as posted on sandy roads or diversions roads.
Remember it takes longer to stop on sandy
road or on graveled road than that on dry
pavement.
6. Always wear your seat belt. A seat belt can

save your life and prevent serious injuries.
7. Do not attempt to overtake on a single-track

road where you cannot see enough
clearance ahead to allow safe passage.
8. Do not cause other vehicle to alter the course or speed.
9. Do not make third lane on double track road.
10. Check side view mirrors and shoulder before attempting to change the lane.
Give signals whenever intend to change the lane or where it can help the other
road users. Signaling do not give you privilege to change the lane without ensuring
the safety of fellow Road users.
Driving in the Desert

1. Before starting the journey, check for fuel, lubricants, engine oil, tires & battery
conditions.
2. Carry the following provisions / equipment (as a minimum requirement):
 2 large cans of drinking water (minimum 3 liters per
person)
 A shovel
 A tow rope with eye & shackle at each end
 A flashlight
 A winter jacket or blanket (as the weather may get cold in night).
3. Notify the supervisor about the route being taken and expected time of return.
4. Take a radio or mobile telephone and keep

in touch regularly.
5. When off the road, as far as possible,

follow existing tracks and wheel marks.
6. If you see an area ahead, which looks soft

sand or marshy land, stop your vehicle on
firm ground and do a reconnaissance on
foot.
7. In case of vehicle breakdown or it gets

stuck, DO NOT leaves the vehicle and
tries to walk out. Stay with the vehicle except if you can see a roadway or other
inhabitation within 1 km. Keep in the shade and keep physical movement to a minimum.
8. Open the trunk and hood of the vehicle so that any passing vehicle or aircraft can see
you need assistance.
9. Comply with client safe driving policy and driving procedure.

NOISE
Noise in the workplace may have an adverse effect on both people at work and those in
surrounding neighbourhoods. Noise at its worst can affect people’s health or cause deafness,
at a lower level it is an irritant and an environmental nuisance, as a form of pollution. The
polluting effect of noise is a direct result of the location of a site and the working hours
.
On a construction site noise takes two main forms:-
 Noise produced by plant and machinery through engines, exhausts, pumps etc.
 Noise produced in construction processes such as from demolition, piling, scrabbling
or the erection of steelworks.
A general reduction in noise on site by the reduction of direct noise sources benefits operators
in their working position and will also benefit the environment.
The following ways to reduce noise should always be taken into account on every site.
Locate permanent and semi permanent plant away from site boundaries, particularly on site
with neighbors within close vicinity.
 Make use of site huts and stockpiles as noise

shields.
 Limit shouting and radios on site in sensitive
areas.
 Arrange material transfer points away from
sensitive buildings and people.
 Arrange delivery times on site to suit the area
e.g. daytime deliveries in residential areas,
night time deliveries in inner city areas
 Use all silencing equipment available and keep
panels closed on all generators and
compressors
 Switch of noisy equipment when not needed.
 Arrange routes for mobile plant so as the amount of reversing required is minimized so
as to reduce the amount of reverse warning bleeper’s being used.
 Observe restrictions on working hours.
When erecting a temporary noise screen remember to obscure line of sight (using at least 10
mm plywood or similar material) and minimise gaps in the screen.
WASTE DISPOSAL
The best practice applied to the management and disposal of waste on our sites has two
major benefits:-
 A tidy site has a good image, emphasising safety, efficiency and care for the
environment.
 The minimisation, management and appropriate disposal of waste can be

economically beneficial and has numerous environmental benefits.
Compliance with the following points will help to achieve these benefits:-
 Always follow waste separation procedures by using suitably labeled containers in

order to separate waste streams that can be recycled e.g. metals, wood, plastics and
paper can all be recycled.
 Ensure that waste containers are close to the point of work to promote their usage.
 Avoid the storing of waste adjacent to

watercourses as this creates an immediate
pollution hazard.
 Ensure that all contaminated wastes are either

stored within suitable containers or membranes to
prevent secondary contamination of clean soil or
water routes.
 Remember that clean wastes such as concrete

and brick can be used as fill on site.
 It is not only solid waste that requires

consideration, liquid waste spills must also be
carefully controlled; wastes such as oil, chemicals and wet concrete should be
collected and removed from the site by an appropriate contractor.
 It is very important that the source of any waste is identified by the waste transfer note
which must always accompany the waste
 When waste is removed from site it is of extreme importance that it is taken away by
registered waste management contractors who comply with the Environmental
Protection Regulations 1990, (the duty of care regulations). This is of extreme
importance as the contractor is responsible for the waste until it has been disposed of
properly.
Heavy equipment
Heavy equipment used on construction jobs often creates dangerous conditions. Any moving
equipment such as grader, roller, loader, excavator, cranes, and trucks should be respected
and avoided. Following instructions must be followed;
 Do not assume that the operator sees you. You could wind up injured or worse
 Do not depend on hearing a horn or an alarm to warn you that moving equipment is
near. You may not able to hear the equipment’s alarm over other construction noise.
 When you see the equipment is travelling backwards keep out of the way and stand
clear until the operator has completed his maneuver. Never cut across the path behind
any equipment while it backing. You could easily trip and fall under the equipment.
 No operator should back a piece of equipment into area without someone clearing the
area and giving signals.
 Watch out for swinging equipment such as cranes and excavators. There is often
pinch-point between the equipment and some obstruction when the unit swings. Make
sure there is enough room for workers to pass and if there is not shut of the area to
any access.
 Never walk alongside moving equipment.
Keep in clear in case it slides or turns, or
the loads shifts. Don’t walk under loads on
cranes and hoists.
 When you are working near equipment
operating near vicinity of power lines,
don’t touch or come into contact with the
equipment frame. There is always chance
that the boom of the equipment may hit
the power lines. Warn the operator or
supervisor any time you see this possibility and follow the instructions.
 Never clean, adjust, lubricate, repair or work on a machine that is in operation. Stop
the machine before working on.
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION & REPORTING

In order to prevent injuries and other undesired incidents (i.e. fire, MVA, oil spill, etc.), all
accidents/incidents identified must be investigated to determine cause and corrective
measures. Many accidents/incidents go unnoticed and few actually cause serious
consequences. But, if an accident/incident goes unchecked and occurs frequently, it could
eventually cause serious consequences.
Investigation
Reasons accidents should be investigated include:
 Root Cause Analysis – Determine the systemic root cause of an incident rather than
immediately available causes so that effective changes to management systems can
be implemented.
 Prevent similar accidents – Investigations can identify what actions will prevent similar
incidents from occurring in the future.
 Find facts, not faults – Focus efforts on identifying facts rather than finding fault or
placing blame on individuals.
 Detect Incident Trends – Compile data from multiple incidents that may reveal
common causes that are dismissed as insignificant when taken alone. Identify existing
or emerging trends.
 Document Facts - Record the incidents and the findings of an investigation.
 Provide information on costs – Assess the degree of damage and the value of losses.
 Legal and/or Litigation Requirements – Fulfill legal requirements and/or preparation for
potential litigation.
Incident Reporting & Record Keeping
Simply stated, reporting an accident/incident is the first step in the process of preventing
recurrence. Supervisors have the primary responsibility to ensure incidents are properly
reported up through their managers.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
Preparation:
Get samples for all the types of respiratory protection equipment.
Type of Respirator Use Limitations
Check manufacture
limitation used while sand
/ grit blasting, working near
Dust Respirators To protect from dust nuisance crude oil smoke,
grinding or sawing wood,
etc
To protect from harmful mist

or Vapours used when
entering vessels, spray-
Chemical Respirators
painting or when other toxic Check manufacturer limitation
elements cannot be removed
from the work area.
For specific gases specified Not to be used for dust, mist,

Canister Type Gas Mask on canister. vapour unless approved by
manufacturer
Self - Contained Breathing In high concentrations of Time limit on usage.
Apparatus (SCBA) Toxic gases, Oxygen
deficient area, any
environment Hazardous to
life and emergency escape.
 Respirators are available upon request from your supervisor

 Any employee who is assigned to wear SCBA or supplied air respirator must have
been trained to use it.
 Medical approval may be sought for personnel required wearing supplied air
respirators.
 Check Fire & Safety Regulations for further details on respirator usage
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Preparation:
Get samples of all personal protection equipment needed for your job
 Using personal protective equipment is a mandatory requirement for safe

execution of work. Personal protective equipment is available with stores
Overalls must be worn all times inside the plant or location of industrial activity
(such as GC's, Booster Stations, Tank Farms, and Workshops etc.)
 Safety helmets are required in all fieldwork areas. The only exceptions for not
wearing safety helmets are inside offices or while riding inside vehicle, etc
 Eye protection must be worn while - working around blowing sand /

pressurized equipment, using spark generating tools, working adjacent to
operational equipment, and handling
chemicals.
 Cotton, leather and rubber gloves are

available and are required as
applicable for the type of work being
carried out.
 Safety Footwear must be of sound

construction, and safety shoe with steel toes are required for various jobs.
Sports shoes are not permitted for industrial duty.
 Hearing protection is required while working in noisy areas.
 Respirators are also supplied as necessary or when required by the permit to

work. You may request a respirator from your supervisor Return damaged
safety equipment to your supervisor for replacement.
STORAGE & HANDLING OF CHEMICALS

 Material safety data sheets shall be available for all
chemicals.
 All chemicals shall be properly stored in a protected and secured area away from
other materials storage.
 All toxic substances shall be kept in the specific container with the first aid action
clearly explained on container label.
 All personnel handling such chemicals shall be:
 Made aware of potential hazards and emergency first

aid action
 Equipped with appropriate protective clothing such as boots, chemical suits,

gloves, safety goggles & respiratory protection device as required
 Chemicals, which are reactive such as acids

and solvents, shall not be stored close together.
 Gases or chemicals, which give off vapors, shall

be stored in well- ventilated room. The suitable
respiratory protection will be used in case
entering an area where the presence of toxic
vapor or gas is possible.
 Safety shower and eye wash station shall be

available in a chemical handling or storage area
 Smoking or bringing any source of ignition in chemical storage area is strictly

prohibited.
TOOL BOX TALK-CIVIL
Competent person
Introduction
OSHA requires that a "Competent Person" be responsible for the safety of all workers in a
trenching/excavation operation. OSHA defines a Competent Person as "an individual who is
capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards or working conditions that are
hazardous, unsanitary, or dangerous to employees and who is authorized to take prompt
corrective measures to eliminate or control these hazards and conditions." The Competent
Person is required to:
 Have training in soil analysis and the use of

protective systems, be knowledgeable about OSHA
requirements, and have authority to immediately
eliminate hazards.
 Inspect the trench, adjacent areas, and any

protective systems for possible cave-ins, failure
of protective systems, hazardous atmospheres, or
other hazardous conditions. Inspections must be
performed daily: before work begins, throughout the
shift, and after every rainstorm or other hazard-
increasing occurrence.
 Review a pre-task plan with supervisor on a daily

basis.
 Assure that the location of underground installations or utilities have

been properly located.
 Identify and ensure use of adequate protective systems, work methods,

and personal protective equipment (PPE) on the excavation site.
 Test for low oxygen, hazardous fumes and toxic gases, especially when
gasoline engine-driven equipment is running, or the dirt has been
contaminated by leaking lines or storage tanks. Insure adequate
ventilation or respiratory protection, if necessary.
 Provide safe access within 25 feet of workers into and out of the
excavation.
 Provide appropriate protections if water accumulation is a problem
TOOL BOX TALK-CIVIL
Emergency Response Plan
Introduction
Trench collapses cause dozens of fatalities and hundreds of injuries each year. Because
trench collapse rescues are technical and demanding, it's essential to have an Emergency
Response Plan in place before an emergency occurs. Quick and efficient response can save
lives. Follow these procedures for emergency preparation;
 Prior to beginning an excavation project, determine and

implement procedures for emergency response that is
specific for that site. Ensure the plan is part of the overall
site safety plan.
 Notify all personnel involved with the project of the

emergency response procedures.
 Include at a minimum the following items: procedures

for notification of emergency response agencies;
responsibilities of individuals on the site; posting of
local emergency response agencies; notification of these
agencies of the scheduled work prior to commencement;
and identification of the nearest accessible telephone,
radio, or other methods of communication.
 Where hazardous atmospheric conditions exist or could

develop during the course of the work in the excavation,
 Keeps emergency rescue equipment such as a safety harness and line or basket
stretcher readily available to personnel working at the excavation site?
 If you are about to be buried in a cave-in, yell to get attention. Cover your face with
your arms. Do not struggle to free yourself, just wait calmly for rescue.
 If you are watching someone being buried in a cave-in, do not attempt to rescue them
yourself. Never enter the excavation. Follow emergency procedures designated for
your work site.
 Review the emergency plan. Make sure new hires and new workers to the site are
aware of the emergency response plan
TOOL BOX TALK-CIVIL
Atmospheric Condition
Introduction
One hazard associated with excavation and trenching is the possible presence of hazardous
atmosphere. A hazardous atmosphere is an atmosphere that by reason of being explosive,
flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritating, oxygen-deficient, toxic, or otherwise
harmful may cause death, illness, or injury to persons exposed to it. In excavation work,
hazardous atmospheres may be generated as toxic gasses and can be released by the digging
or accumulate at the bottom of the trench. To help ensure exposure to hazardous
atmospheres, take these steps:
 Ensure that the competent person tests

the atmosphere in excavations over 4
feet deep if a hazardous atmosphere
exists or could reasonably be expected
to exist. A hazardous atmosphere could
be expected, for example, in excavations
in landfill areas, in excavations in
areas where hazardous substances are
stored nearby, or in excavations near or
containing gas pipelines.
 Conduct testing for atmospheric

contaminants before employees enter
the trench and on a regular basis to
ensure that the trench remains safe.
 Increase the frequency of testing if equipment is operating in the trench or if welding,

cutting, or burning is done in the trench. These operations, too, can generate toxic
fumes.
 Take precautions to prevent employee exposure to atmospheres containing less than

19.5 percent oxygen and other hazardous atmospheres. These precautions may
include
providing proper respiratory protection or forced ventilation of the workspace.
 Make sure that employees required to wear respirators are trained, fit-tested, and
enrolled in the respiratory protection program
TOOL BOX TALK-CIVIL
Barricades
Introduction
An open trench can be a hazard not only to the workers on the site, but also to the public. In
many instances, barricades and/or warnings are required to prevent unauthorized or accidental
entry. Here are some "barricade basics" to help ensure a safe excavation site for everyone:
 Install barricades, fences, protected

walkways and/or signs to protect the
public from the excavations site. Install
warning systems prior to excavation.
 Install barricades, guardrails, or

fences around excavations adjacent to
walkways, roads, paths or other traffic
areas.
 Install standard guardrails on walkways

or bridges used by the general public to
cross excavations.
 Install barricades or other means to protect employees

from underground utilities left in place during excavation.
 Install a barricade or fence on any excavation left unattended to protect against

accidental entry from pedestrians. If the excavation is in a remote location where
visitation by residents is unlikely, a barricade of posts and warning tape, with a sign, is
sufficient. If the excavation is in a traveled area, however, a physical barrier such as a
fence must isolate it.
 Install barricades around the site to help control both vehicular and pedestrian traffic.
 Install a warning system such as a barricade, hand or mechanical signal or stop logs
when mobile equipment is operated adjacent to the edge of an excavation
TOOL BOX TALK-CIVIL
Site Conditions
Introduction
No two excavation sites are alike. Each job must be treated individually because
conditions vary from job to job, and hazards may vary from job to job. Follow these
procedures to help ensure a safe site:
 Conduct a soil test to determine appropriate

sloping, benching, and shoring.
 Remove surface encumbrances such as

equipment, materials, supplies, trees,
brush, boulders and other objects at the
surface that could present a hazard to
employees working in the excavation.
 Check the location of underground utilities/

installations that may be encountered during
excavation before digging. Arrange with the
appropriate utility agency for the protection,
removal, shutdown, or relocation of
underground installations.
 Install barricades and/or warnings to protect

employees and the public from the
excavation and from vehicular traffic.
 In excavations deeper than four feet with the

potential for a hazardous atmosphere or
oxygen deficiency check the atmosphere with a gas monitor as often as necessary to
ensure the atmosphere remains safe. Provide adequate protection.
 Ensure that workers are protected in excavations where water is accumulating.

This protection involves specific shoring, water removal to control the level of
accumulating water, use of lifelines and harnesses, and careful monitoring by a
competent person.
 Check the stability of adjacent structures or sources of vibration. Do not excavate below
the base or footing of a foundation, wall, sidewalk, pavement or other structure unless
shoring or bracing is provided to prevent cave-in or the excavation is in stable rock,
 The competent person should check the excavation on a daily basis or as site
conditions change
TOOL BOX TALK-CIVIL
WORKING WITH CEMENT

Health Effects
Cement can cause ill-health mainly by:-

Skin contact: contact with wet cement can cause both burns and dermatitis:
• Cement burns: if freshly mixed concrete or mortar gets trapped against the skin, e.g.
by falling inside your boots or gloves, very serious skin burns or ulcers can result which
can take several months to heal and may need skin grafting;
• Dermatitis: skin affected with dermatitis feels itchy and sore and looks red, scaly and
cracked. Two sorts of dermatitis can occur:
Irritant dermatitis
• results from direct damage to the skin caused by the combination of wetness, chemical
corrosiveness and abrasiveness of cement in concrete and mortar;
Allergic dermatitis
• Results when you become sensitised to chromium salts present in the raw materials
used to make cement. Sensitisation to additives such as pigments, epoxy resins and
hardeners can also occur.
Eye contact: contact with cement powder or wet cement can cause irritation and
inflammation.
Inhalation of dust: high levels of dust can be produced when cement is handled, for example
when emptying bags of cement or during their disposal. In the short term, exposure to high
levels of cement dust irritates the nose and throat and causes difficulty with breathing. There is
uncertainty about the long term effects of breathing in cement dust; chronic chest trouble is
possible.
Abrading hardened concrete e.g. in scrabbling or concrete cutting, can give rise to large
amounts of inhalable dust which could contain high levels of silica, depending on the aggregate
that has been used. By breathing in silica dust you are at an increased risk of developing chest
complaints.
Controlling Exposure
Work in a way which minimises the amount of dust produced. So, open bags of cement with
care mix carefully etc. Handle dry material in a well-ventilated area.
Personal Protection
You must wear clothing to protect your skin from cement and cement mixtures, e.g.:
 gloves
 overalls with long sleeves and full-length trousers
 waterproof boots
Hygiene
Personal hygiene is important. Adequate welfare facilities are available on site and you should
wash your hands and face at the end of a job and before eating, drinking or smoking, and wash
your hands before using the toilet.
First Aid
Contaminated skin should be washed with cold running water as soon as possible. Particular
attention should be paid to any wound which should be covered with a suitable dressing. Eye
contamination should be washed with cold tap water for at least 10 minutes before you should
be taken to hospital.
TOOL BOX TALK-CIVIL
VIBRATION
Vibration White Finger (V.W.F.) can result from the transmission of vibration from a vibrating
implement (i.e. road-breakers, chain-saws, riveting guns, etc.) to the hands, occurring as a
result of several years of regular exposure.
Primarily, it results in damage to the blood vessels and nerves of the hand resulting in skin
blanching (white finger) on exposure to cold, together with pain, pins and needles, numbness
and loss of manual dexterity. If you are affected you will suffer symptoms on exposure to cold
conditions with the time taken for recovery increasing as the condition develops. The condition
may become permanent if early symptoms are not identified and action taken. It is important to
recognise that these symptoms do not necessarily occur during or immediately after exposure
to vibration but usually occur early in the morning when the weather is cold. Therefore, cold is
the primary trigger for the symptoms.
If you smoke you are at increased risk since smoking reduces the supply of oxygenated blood
to your hands and fingers.
The main way to prevent V.W.F. is to reduce levels of vibration by careful selection of
equipment, the introduction of damping techniques on existing equipment if practicable, the use
of alternative work procedures if possible, and to minimise
the time working with vibrating machinery by job rotation.
You should also follow these simple precautions:-
 Wear adequate clothing to keep dry and maintain

hand and body temperature at an acceptable
level, wear suitable gloves to keep your hands
warm. Anti vibration gloves are available which
can reduce exposure.
 Let the machine do the work and grip the handle

as lightly as possible, providing that this is
consistent with safe working practice.
 Do not use blunt tools. Keep steels sharp and use the appropriate tool for the job.
 If you smoke and use vibratory equipment you are at increased risk of vibration related
disease, since nicotine reduces the blood supply to the hands and fingers.
 Should attacks of white or blue finger or long periods of tingling and/or numbness occur,
report this to your Supervisor.
 Inform your Supervisor if abnormal vibration occurs when using your machine.
TOOL BOX TALK-CIVIL
DUST AND DIRT
Many of the materials that we use have the potential to create dust and dirt.
Fine particles of dust and dirt, once airborne will settle out on the environment and cause a
nuisance through soiling of surfaces, as well as causing health problems.
Another common cause of complaint made towards us as a construction company is a direct

result of vehicles depositing mud on public highways.
Contaminated or hazardous material such as asbestos require specialist attention in order to

comply with legislation, but general dust and dirt can be reduced on site by complying with the
following guidelines:
 Good housekeeping and site planning will help in general to reduce dust and dirt
created on site.
 Store dusty materials in an enclosed area,

reducing the potential of wind erosion.
 Ensure that all dust collecting equipment is

properly maintained and is operated
efficiently.
 During periods of dry weather, especially

during the summer use fine water sprays in
order to dampen down materials, haul roads
and vehicle routes.
 Make use of Wheel wash facilities, especially when leaving the site and using public
highways.
 Sheet vehicles when transporting fine or contaminated materials
 Keep your vehicle speed low on site especially during periods of dry weather.
TOOL BOX TALK-CIVIL
ROOFS
Working on roofs carries a high risk of accidents unless proper procedures are followed and
precautions taken. Before working on any type of roof you should know the rules set out below
and follow them:-
 For work on a roof, risk assessments must be done to determine guardrail and
toe board requirements.
 For work on a sloping roof with a pitch of more than 30 degrees (or less than 30
degrees, if it is slippery) crawling ladders or crawling boards must be provided
and used.
 There may be circumstances where the use of a safety harness is the only safe
way of working. Such a decision will be made by management, and you must
use the safety harness in the conditions specified.
 All openings in roofs must be securely covered or suitably guarded by guardrails

and toe boards. Any cover provided should either be securely fixed in position
or clearly marked to indicate its purpose, for example: "Do not remove cover -
hole below". Every year accidents occur when someone lifts a board and then
walks down the hole it was covering.
 Access provided to the roof must be checked before use to see that it is safe
and sufficient.
 Beware of fragile roofs. If in doubt see your supervisor.

TOOL BOX TALK-CIVIL
SAFETY PROCEDURES DURING DEMOLITION /

DISMANLING
1. Demolition involves dismantling OF storage tanks, buildings, scaffoldings etc.

Potential hazards during demolition may result due to use of cranes, rigging / slinging
of load, cutting torches, material handling and debris clearance etc.
2. While using a crane during demolition activities the following safety precautions must
be adhered to:
 The Crane operator & riggers shall have proper training and certification to
carry out such work.
 The loads must have a tag line to maneuver its movement.
 The signal shall be given by a banks man, duly trained and authorized for
such work.
 No workers shall stand underneath suspended load.
3. When using a cutting torch the following safety precautions need to be adhered to:
 Work permits authorization and gas test results are mandatory prior to start
torch cutting.
 The fire fighting equipment shall
be kept within easy reach at
worksite. The area may be kept
wet preventing hot slag to fall in
the vicinity.
 Ensure that cut sections will be
stable after separation and will
not topple, causing damage or
injury.
4. When handling and hauling debris or scrap

the following precautions must be kept in
view:
 Always wear hand gloves while handling scrap material.

 Take care to avoid back injuries & ask assistance while picking up heavy
loads.
 All material to be hauled off must be secured properly to prevent load
shifting during transportation.
5. Make sure about demolition work scope, its nature and precautionary measures to
control potential hazards
6. Special precautionary measure to be taken in demolition work involving ASBESTOS -

TOOL BOX TALK-CIVIL
Soil Types
Introduction
The greatest hazard in excavation and trenching is the risk of a cave-in. Of the deaths
resulting from excavation and trenching incidents, the majority are from injuries received
during the collapse of the trench. The type of soil in the trench influences the stability of the
trench. A soil analysis is critical in determining appropriate sloping, benching, and shoring
 Trench failure can be deadly. Trench failures

often occur in multiples, starting with a
movement of soil material near the bottom of
the trench wall. After the failure of the base, the
support of the wall will quickly erode and the
wall will collapse. The collapsing soil is
extremely heavy and can weigh one and a half
tons per cubic yard, producing a tremendous
crushing force
 Before excavation, ensure that a "Competent

Person" conducts a soil test to determine the stability of
the soil.
 Type A soil (clay, salty clay and hardpan) is the most

stable.
 Type B soil (silt, sandy loam, medium clay, and unstable

dry rock) has medium
stability.
 Type C (gravel, loamy sand, soft clay, submerged soil, or dense, heavy, unstable rock)
is the least stable, and requires the greatest safety precautions when excavating.
 Stable Rock is a natural, solid mineral material can be excavated with vertical sides
and remains intact while exposed.
 After the soil has been classified, use prescribed methods of wall retention, piling,
cribbing, sloping, shoring, trench boxing and sheeting to maintain trench and
excavation walls. For each trenching or excavation situation, employ the proper
sloping, shoring and bracing structures and measures designed specifically for the
particular situation.
TOOL BOX TALK-MECHANICAL
Grinder Abrasive Saws
Introduction
Safe way of doing the job.
3. Give the Tool Box Safety Talk
Abrasive saws and grinders are among the most common pieces of machinery used in
maintenance shops. They are also among the most dangerous. Operators are at risk of injury
from the power source, blade, wheel, or from a disk failure or hazard from flying or airborne
particles. Remember, abrasive saws and grinders are cutting tools. A hand or a finger that
hits the moving wheel surface is in danger of being mangled or cut off. Fortunately, there are
ways to protect yourself from injury and illness when you work with these powerful machines.
Take these precautions:
 Visually inspect and ring test new abrasive wheels

before mounting.
 Make sure the machine guards are in place

and working properly.
 Always leave the wheel in good working order.
 Turn the grinder off when not in use.
 Do not exceed the safe maximum operating speed

marked on the blade, wheel or disc.
 Do not wear anything loose that could get caught in the machine, if you're wearing a
long-sleeved shirt, button it at the wrist.
 Wear a face shield over safety glasses when using abrasive saws or grinders.
Machine Guarding
Introduction
Employee exposure to unguarded or inadequately guarded machines is prevalent in many

workplaces. Consequently, workers who operate and maintain machinery suffer
approximately 18,000 amputations, lacerations, crushing injuries, abrasions, and over 800
deaths per year. Proper use of machine guards can help protect employee hazards related to
the point of operation, power transmission devices, and operating controls. To ensure safety,
it's important to use machine guards properly. Take these precautions:
 Do not attempt to by-pass machine

guards in an effort to save time.
Machine guards are there for your
protection.
 Do not remove machine guards,

except during repair or
maintenance of the machine. Then,
always use lockout/ tag out
procedures to protect accidental
startup.
 Replace machine guards after

repair or maintenance.
 Wear eye protection when cutting, sawing, drilling or grinding.
 Avoid wearing loose clothing or jewelry when operating power equipment. These
could get caught in machines and drag you or parts of your body into the machinery.
 If using electrical tools always use GFCI protection

Fork Lift
Introduction
A forklift can be one of the most dangerous pieces of equipment in the workplace. A medium-
sized forklift weighs about the same as the average dump truck and can cause just as much
damage. According the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, an average of 100 workers are killed
and 20,000 are injured each year due to forklift mishaps. Forklifts can put workers at risk of
being caught between equipment and materials, so take these precautions:
 Setup a controlled access zone. Separate forklift

traffic and foot traffic where possible, including
having workstations, control panels, and
equipment away from forklift traffic aisles, or
having barriers.
 Do not operate a forklift unless you are trained

and authorized to do so.
 Make sure backup and lifting alarms are

operational.
 When operating a forklift, drive slowly and watch

out for pedestrians and blind intersections.
 Check maintenance records of forklifts on a monthly basis at a minimum.
 Watch where you place your hands and feet. Be aware of and stay clear of pinch
points such as the wheels and lift gears.
 Stay under the overhead guard. Keep your hands and feet inside the forklift and wear
the seat belt.
 Do not drive up to anyone standing in front of a bench or other fixed object.
 As a pedestrian, always be aware of the presence of forklifts in the area and keep a safe
working distance from them at all times. Even at low speeds, an unexpected movement
of the forklift can crush a bystander against a fixed structure or another vehicle
Pinch Point
Introduction
A pinch point is defined as any point where it is possible for a body part to be caught
between moving and stationary portions of machinery or equipment. If a person or body part
occupies that space during the pinching movement, there is a high probability of injuries such
as fractures, amputations, or even death. Be aware of pinch point hazards on your job and
take these precautions:
 Prior to use, make sure that all

covers and protective shields for
equipment and machinery pinch point
hazards are in place. Never work
around moving machines while the
guards are removed.
 De-energize, lock-out, and

tag equipment being
repaired.
 Be on guard whenever you put your

hands, fingers, toes, or feet
"between" anything.
 Make sure you have the proper hand clearance when setting down loads or carrying
loads through doors.
 Wear gloves that are appropriate for the task. Keep in mind, however, that gloves may
cause an additional hazard during some tasks if they get caught in moving parts.
 Avoid wearing jewelry or loose clothing that could be caught in moving parts. Tie
back long hair.
5. Working around Cranes

Introduction
Crane accidents are a leading cause of death and injury on construction jobs. Workers may
be at risk to being struck by loads or equipment or getting caught in between moving
equipment, materials and power lines. When working around cranes, take these precautions:
 Stay off and away from cranes unless you are

assigned to be on the crane.
 Always wear a hard hat to protect from falling or

flying objects.
 Keep clear of the lower hoist block sheaves to

prevent fingers or hands from jamming in the
sheaves.
 Watch your hand placement on and around

suspended loads.
 Know proper hand signals or maintain radio

contact.
• Never walk within the swing radius of the crane

unless it is absolutely necessary. Make sure the operator knows of your presence.
 Never ride the hook. There are too many things that can go wrong that you can't
control.
 Review pre-task crane operations with supervisor.
 Barricade the swing radius of the crane. Maintain at least 10 feet of clearance and use
a spotter if necessary.
Compressed Gas Cylinders
Introduction
Compressed gas cylinders can be hazardous. Sudden release of the gas can cause a
cylinder to become a missile-like projectile, destroying everything in its path. To prevent such
a dangerous situation, follow procedures for safe handling:
 Store cylinders in an area specifically designated for that purpose. Ensure that the
area is well ventilated, away from sources of heat, and protect cylinders from being
struck by another object.
 Do not drop cylinders or allow them to fall.

Secure them in an upright position during use
and storage,
 Move cylinders with a compressed

gas cylinder cart designed for that
purpose.
 When moving a cylinder, even for a short

distance, ensure that all the valves are
closed, the regulator is removed, and the
valve cap is installed.
 Do not remove a cylinder cap until the cylinder is secured in place and ready to use.
Cylinder caps protect the valve on the top of the cylinder from damage if it is knocked
over. Also, if gas is accidentally released through the valve, the cap will vent the gas
out of both sides, minimizing the likelihood that the cylinder will topple.
 Before using the gas, install the proper pressure-reducing regulator on the valve and
verify that the regulator is working, that all gauges are operating correctly, and that all
connections are tight to ensure that there are no leaks.
 When you are ready to use the gas, open the valve with your hands. Never use a
wrench or other tool. If you cannot open it with your hands, do not use it.
Maintenance Hazards
Introduction
Workers doing maintenance on machinery and equipment are at risk of being struck by
machine and or equipment parts and misused tools. Injuries can range from minor cuts and
lacerations to serious fractures; puncture wounds, amputations, and fatalities. Take these
precautions when performing maintenance:
 Lock out equipment and machinery to render it inoperable

during maintenance and repair.
 Wear appropriate protective equipment; i.e. safety goggles,

hard hat etc.
 Block and prevent the movement of all equipment being

repaired.
 Never tamper with machine guards.
 Always replace guards after making repairs or adjustments to

equipment.
 Be sure potential energy is rendered harmless.

When moving equipment use proper lifting techniques
Material Handling Equipment
Introduction
Operating heavy construction equipment for moving dirt and other materials can be
dangerous. Not only is there a risk of rollover, there is also the potential for hitting or running
over other employees. Follow these guidelines to help ensure safety:
 Maintain all safety devices such as ROPS

(Rollover Protective Structures) to prevent
unintentional lowering of buckets on front-
end loaders and other similar equipment.
 Always wear a seat belt.
 Make sure other workers are clear of the

loading area and visible to the operator at all
times.
 Load the bucket evenly and avoid

overloading to prevent turnovers. Check your
operator's manual for load capacity.
 Watch where you are going. Avoid holes, rocks, loose fill, or other obstacles which
could upset the trailer.
 If working inside buildings, watch for low ceiling beams and doorways to prevent
being pinned or crushed between them and the tractor.
 Use the loader only for its specific purpose. Never use it to tow an object or to knock
something down. Never allow people to ride in the bucket
9. Rigging Failure
Introduction
Every year workers lose their lives as a result of improper rigging or rigging failure that
allowed a load to fall while being hoisted. Some deaths occur when the load slips from the
rigging, when the rigging breaks and allows the load to fall, and when the load breaks into
pieces and falls while being lifted. Always exercise caution when working around
 Inspect all rigging prior to use to minimize the

possibility of rigging failure. Look for hazardous
conditions such as wire rope deformation,
strain,
binding, or kinking.
 Do not wrap hoist lines around the load.
 Know the rated capacities of rigging and

slinging and use the proper size.
 Ensure that loads are rigged to minimize the

potential for dropped loads.
 Do not exceed the load chart capacity

while making lifts.
 Determine a safe location to stand to avoid

being struck by the load if rigging fails, or the
load shifts while making lifts.
Sling Inspection
Introduction
The slings that cranes use to hold suspended loads are a key element in crane operation. If
the sling is damaged or defective, the load could drop and strike workers beneath it. Inspect
each sling and its fastenings and attachments for damage or defects each day before use.
Remove damaged or defective slings from service.
 Ensure that alloy steel chain slings have permanently

affixed, durable identification stating size, grade, rated
capacity, and reach.
 Inspect slings before each use.
 If synthetic slings show signs of wear such as deep

frays or red warning threads are exposed, take the
sling from service.
 When inspecting wire rope slings, check the twists

or lay of the sling. If ten randomly distributed wires
in one lay are broken, or five wires in one strand of a
rope lay are damaged, do not use the sling.
 Check for wear or scraping; kinking, crushing, bird

caging or any other damage resulting in distortion of the wire rope.
 Look for evidence of heat damage. Remove a sling from use if it's exposed to
temperatures of 200 degrees F or higher or there's evidence of heat or wire rope
structure damage.
Stacking& storing Materials
Introduction
Stacking materials can be dangerous if workers do not follow safety guidelines. Falling
materials and collapsing loads can crush or pin workers, causing injuries or death. To help
prevent injuries when storing and stacking materials, take the following precautions
 In buildings under construction, avoid

placing stored materials near a hoist-way
or floor opening, or an exterior wall that
doesn't extend above the top of the
material.
 Observe height limitations. Stack lumber

no higher than needed to handle
manually.
 Remove all nails from used lumber before

stacking.
 Make sure that stacks are stable and self-supporting.
 Stack bags and bundles in interlocking rows to keep them secure.
 Stack bagged material by stepping back the layers and cross-keying the bags at least
every ten layers. To remove bags from the stack, start from the top row first.
 Do not lean material against a vertical surface.
 Do not store pipes and bars in racks that face main aisles to avoid creating a hazard
to passersby when removing supplies.
 Make sure the floor/ deck is capable of supporting the weight of the stacked materials
Use of Tag Lines
Introduction
Hundreds of people are injured or killed as a result of crane accidents in the United States
every year. Many accidents happen as a result of failure to control the load. To help eliminate
this risk, use taglines for controlling awkward loads and maneuvering them into difficult
positions. For safe use, follow these procedures:
 Use taglines to control loads when their use is

practical and will not create additional hazards.
 After securing a load with taglines, stay clear of the

path of the load and well forward of the load.
 If it's necessary to guide the load, stay well away

from the wheels or tracks of the crane.
 When guiding a load, remain clearly visible to the

crane operator at all times.
 Never walk between the suspended load and the

crane.
 When working around electrical equipment or lines, make sure the tagline stays clear
of the equipment or lines.
Transporting/Unloading Materials
Introduction
There are hundreds of thousands of material handling accidents every year, from small
splinters, cuts or scrapes, to crushed fingers, hands and feet, even deaths. Whether moving
materials manually or mechanically, help prevent accidents by following these safety
guidelines
 When manually moving materials,

attach handles and holders to loads
to reduce the chances of getting
fingers pinched or smashed
 Place support blocks in a manner

that keeps your hands from under
the load.
 Wear appropriate protective

equipment, such as gloves, eye
protection, and steel-toed safety
shoes
 When mechanically moving materials, avoid overloading. All materials handling

equipment has rated capacities that determine the maximum weight the equipment
can safely handle and the conditions under which it can handle those weights.
 When picking up items with a powered industrial truck, ensure that the load is
centered on the forks and as close to the mast as possible to minimize the potential
for the truck tipping or the load falling.
 Never overload a lift truck. This could make the truck hard to control and put it at risk
of a tip over.
 Take care when off-loading from a flat trailer with a crane. Make sure you have a
means of getting away from the load should it shift or fade. Have proper access to the
back of a truck. Use a ladder
Working with cranes
Introduction
Crane accidents are one of the leading causes of death and injury in the construction
industry today. Fatalities and serious injuries can occur if cranes are not inspected and used
properly. Many fatalities can occur when the crane boom, load line or load contact power
lines and electrically energize the equipment. Other incidents happen when workers are
struck by the load, are caught inside the swing radius, or fail to assemble/ disassemble the
crane properly. Use safe work practices to help reduce accidents when working with or
around this potentially dangerous equipment.
 Make sure the crane is on a firm/stable surface and

level.
 Inspect cranes, rigging and hoists before use to see

that all components, such as wire rope, lifting
hooks, chains, etc., are in good condition.
 Fully extend outriggers and barricade accessible areas

inside the crane's swing radius.
 Watch for overhead electric power lines and maintain a

safe working clearance from the lines.
 Use the correct load chart for the crane's current

configuration and setup, the load weight and lift path.
 Do not exceed the load chart capacity while making lifts.
 Do not move loads over workers.
 Be sure to follow signals and manufacturer instructions while operating cranes

Fire Extinguisher
Introduction
Almost all fires are small in their early stage and can be put out quickly if the proper fire
extinguisher is available, and the person discovering the fire has been trained to use the fire
extinguisher at hand. There are basically three different types or classes of fire extinguishers,
each of which extinguishes specific types of fire.
Class A extinguishers will put out fires in ordinary

combustibles, such as wood and paper. Extinguishers
that are suitable for Class A fires should be identified
by a triangle containing the letter "A.N If in color, the
triangle should be green.
Class B extinguishers will put out fires in ordinary

combustibles, such as wood, paper and plastic.
Extinguishers that are suitable for Class B fires should
be identified by a square containing the letter "B." If in
color, the square should be red.
A class C fire extinguisher is used on fires that involve

energized electrical equipment
which require the use of electrically nonconductive extinguishing. Extinguishers that
are suitable for Class C fires should be identified by a circle containing the letter "C."
If in color, the circle should be blue. The presence of the letter "C" indicates that the
extinguishing agent is non-conductive.
Every project should have ABC class fire extinguishers during construction. The
number of extinguishers required is dependent upon the project size, materials and
work activity.
Be familiar with the location of the fire extinguishers on your jobsite

Disposing of Oily Rags
Introduction
Oily rags are a serious fire hazard because they can spontaneously combust. Many states
regulate the disposal of oily rags as "oily waste." The Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) does not regulate oily rags as waste as long as the rags do not have any free-flowing
oil, contain hazardous contaminants, or meet the definition of a characteristic oil hazardous
waste. Follow these procedures for safe disposal of oily rags:
 Properly dispose of oily rags or send

to a rag cleaning service.
 Oily rags should be placed in an

approved and clearly-labeled airtight
container. Always keep containers
closed securely.
 If the rags are contaminated with

other chemicals, especially those
that are "hazardous," (heavy metals, toxic chemicals, paint, etc.) do not burn them. Rather,
treat the rags as a hazardous waste and dispose of them accordingly.
 If you are unsure whether the rags contain hazardous materials, consult the Material
Safety Data Sheet for information proper disposal or contact your supervisor
Spill Clean up
Introduction
Chemical spill prevention plans required by state and federal law must include provisions for
spill cleanup. The following Best Management Practices will help prevent runoff in the event
of a spill:
 Properly clean up and dispose of any

spilled substance immediately to protect
personnel from potential fire and health
hazards and the environment.
 Ensure that no spilled materials are

washed into the streets, gutters,
storm drains, or creeks.
 If possible, use dry cleaning methods

to clean up spills to minimize the use
of water.
 Use a rag for small spills, a damp mop for general cleanup, and absorbent material for
larger spills.
 Never hose down or bury dry material spills. Sweep up the material and dispose of
properly.
 Clean up chemical materials with absorbents, gels, and foams. Use adsorbent
materials on small spills rather than hosing down the spill. Remove the adsorbent
materials promptly and dispose of properly.
 If the spilled material is hazardous, then used cleanup materials are also hazardous
and must be handled as hazardous waste.
Spill Prevention
Introduction
Typically, most businesses and public agencies that generate hazardous waste and/or
produce transport, or store petroleum products are required by state and federal law to
prepare spill control and cleanup plans. A Spill Prevention Plan is applicable to facilities that
transport, transfer, and/or store hazardous materials, petroleum products, or fertilizers that
can contaminate storm water runoff. Regulations include the following provisions
 Spill response and prevention plans should clearly state

measures to stop the source of a spill, contain the
spill, clean up the spill, dispose of contaminated
materials, and train personnel to prevent and control
future spills.
 Spill prevention plans are most applicable to

construction sites where hazardous wastes are
stored or used.
 The preliminary steps include: (i) identifying potential

spill or source areas such as loading and unloading,
storage, and processing areas; places that generate
dust or particulates; and areas designated for waste
disposal; and, (ii) evaluating stationary facilities that include
manufacturing areas, warehouses, service stations, parking
lots, and access roads.
 Employees must be trained in spill control response procedures, post-spill response

procedures and be provided with emergency phone numbers.
 Emergency spill containment and cleanup kits should be located at the facility site.
The contents of the kit should be appropriate to the type and quantities of chemical or
goods stored at the facility.
 Spill kits must be inspected and maintained in all activity areas.
 Re-fuel equipment in a designated area to minimize contamination. Pay attention to

location so that spills would not enter water streams or storm water. Consider dikes or
a secondary containment system.
Trash
Introduction
Construction sites can present many hazards to employees. Keeping a construction site clean of
debris can further reduce hazards. Also, managing waste can contain certain pollutants at their
source before they can contaminate the ground or streams via storm water runoff. Use the
following Best Management Practices when disposing of trash
 Collect debris from work areas and place in

containers on a daily basis.
 Separate potentially hazardous waste from non-

hazardous construction site waste and place in
approved containers with lids. Hazardous Wastes
can include used oil, used oil filters, oily rags and
flammable wastes as well as caustics, acids,
harmful dusts, etc.
 Do not place collected litter and debris in or next

 to drain inlets, storm water drainage systems, or
bodies of water.
Provide dumpsters to contain the solid waste

generated by the project.
 Make sure hazardous wastes are not disposed of in dumpsters designated for construction
debris. This could include form oil, sealers, paint, curing compounds etc.
 Remove construction debris and waste from the site as frequently as necessary.
 Do not bury construction waste materials on site.
 Place proper trash receptacles throughout the construction site.
 Pull nails from lumber.
 Remove debris to prevent fire hazards.
A clean jobsite allows for safe movement of workers materials and vehicles
Equipment and Vehicle Leak
Introduction
Equipment and Vehicle leaks are potential water and soil pollutants. Rain can wash
contaminants to the nearest stream. A car leaking only a few drops a day can contribute to
water pollution. For example, one pint of oil can contaminate an area larger than a football
field. Follow these steps to reduce pollution caused by vehicle leaks:
 If you see a leak from a vehicle, contain it

with a drip pan or absorbent material.
 Repair all fluid leaks as soon as possible

to reduce discharge into the environment
 Sweep up leaks using granular, absorbent

material such as cat litter. Clean up
residue and dispose of it properly.
 Properly dispose of fluids such as solvents, antifreeze, brake fluid, and motor oil.
 Report all leaks to your supervisor.
 Check equipment and vehicles on a daily basis.

Ladder: Climbing
Introduction
OSHA estimates that there are 24,882 injuries and as many as 50 fatalities per year due to
falls on stairways and ladders used in construction. When using ladders, be mindful and
follow these basic safety rules:
 Make sure rungs and steps are clear of

grease, oil, dirt, snow, or ice before climbing.
 Clean muddy or slippery boot soles before

climbing a ladder.
 Always face a ladder when climbing up or

down.
 Follow the three-point rule: keep at least both

feet and one hand or both hands and one foot
on the ladder at all times.
 Keep your body centered between the side

rails of the ladder so you don't tip over the
ladder. A good rule is to always keep your belt buckle inside the rails of a ladder.
 Avoid carrying materials or tools when climbing a ladder. Carry tools up or down in a
belt or hoist them in a bag or bucket.
 Never stand on the top two steps of a stepladder and the top four rungs on other
Ladders.
 Inspect the ladder before climbing to make sure it is in good shape. Report all defects
to your supervisor.
 Do not use any ladder that is defective.

Ladders: Extension Ladders
Introduction
Each year, an estimated 50 construction workers are killed by falls from ladders. Falls from
extension ladders can be particularly dangerous because people are usually working at
greater heights. Follow these safety tips when using extension ladders:
 When choosing an extension ladder, keep in mind that the

length of a ladder is different from its usable length. The
height these ladders can safely reach is reduced by the
angle at which the ladder must be set up.
 Position an extension ladders so that the base of the

ladder is one foot away from the wall for every four feet of
ladder height. This ratio is important because if the angle is too
steep, you can fall backward. If the angle is too horizontal, the
ladder can slip out from under you.
 Make sure that both feet are on stable and level surfaces, and
that both rails are resting evenly on the resting spot. Secure
ladders to prevent accidental movement.
 Make sure side rails are at least three feet above the landing
point, or that an adequate grab rail is provided.
 After you set up an extension ladder, lock the top section in place.
 If using multi-section ladders, make sure sections overlap — by at least 3 feet for
ladders up to 32 feet, by 4 feet for ladders 32 feet to 48 feet, and by 5 feet for ladders 48 feet
to 60 feet.
 When working from an extension ladder, consider using a fall protection system
attached to a secure anchor point on the building, especially if doing work that
involves pushing, pulling, or prying
Ladders: Fixed
Introduction
A fixed ladder is a ladder permanently attached to a structure, building or equipment. Fixed

ladders pose hazards including slippery surfaces, unsure footing, and structural damage.
Take these precautions when using fixed ladders:
 Check rungs to ensure that they're free of splinters,

sharp edges, burrs or projections that may create a
hazard. Reports ail defects promptly.
 Clean muddy or slippery boot soles before mounting

a fixed ladder, or any ladder.
 When climbing fixed ladders on towers, tanks, or

chimneys, use appropriate ladder safety devices as
instructed. A ladder safety device is an appliance
that will arrest the fall of an individual working at
elevated heights.
 Watt until the other person has exited the ladder

before ascending or descending.
 When climbing fixed ladders, follow the same basic rules as with portable ladders.
 Take advantage of landing platforms to rest when climbing or descending from

heights.
Ladders: Job Built- Ladder
Introduction
A Job-made ladder is a ladder that is fabricated by employees, typically at the construction

site. Job-built ladders must conform to certain standards to ensure safety of the user. While
job-built ladders can provide safer solutions than using makeshift arrangements for access,
they must be used with care. Here are some tips to help ensure safety when using job-buiit
ladders:
 Do not load ladders beyond the maximum intended

load for which they were built.
 Allow only one person at a time on a single-width

ladder and no more than two people on a double
width ladder, each on a separate side.
 As with all ladders, set job-built ladders on a level,

solid surface.
 Keep ladders from passageways, doorways, or

driveways where they could be bumped or
damaged by adjacent activities, unless the ladder
area is barricaded.
 Always secure the ladder at the top and whenever

possible, secure or stake the bottom too.
 Job built ladders should be inspected on a regular basis.
 When using a job-built ladder be sure to remove rungs which are over the upper
level.
Ladders: Proper Access
Introduction
Ladders are one of the biggest hazards of overhead work and result in many accidents. The
worker on the ladder is exposed to the risk of a fall, and other workers could slip or trip on
the ladder or tools and materials left at the access point. Take these precautions to protect
yourself and your co-workers when using ladders to access upper levels:
 Always select a ladder that is the correct

length to safely reach the working height.
 Position ladders so that the base of the

ladder is one foot away from the wail for
every four feet of ladder height.
 Do not tie ladders together to create

longer sections.
 When using a ladder to access

elevations, make sure that it extends
 Three feet above the landing surface for ease in mounting and dismounting. If this is
not possible, secure the ladder and use a grasping device such as a grab rail to assist
in mounting and dismounting the ladder.
 Position the ladder so that both feet are resting on a stable, level surface and that
both rails are resting evenly against a solid, secure surface. Secure the ladder to
prevent movement.
 Keep ail access points to ladders clear of tools, materials or debris.
 When using ladders near doors, equipment travel paths or similar areas make sure
the area is blocked off to prevent the ladder from being struck or dislodged.
Secure straight ladders in place prior to use
Ladders: Tie-offs
Introduction
Each year about 50 construction workers are killed by falls from ladders. To ensure safety
when working from a ladder or using a ladder to access upper levels, take these precautions;
 When accessing an upper level from a

ladder, position the ladder so the side-rails
extend at least three feet above the landing
point.
 Secure the ladder by tying off to a

stationary object.
 Attach the ties to side-rails of the ladder,

not the rungs.
 While tying off the top, make sure someone

"foots" the bottom or the bottom is tied off.
 If it is not practical to tie off or secure a ladder for whatever reason, make sure the
ladder is "footed" at the base by another person with both hands on the side-rails to
prevent any movement or overturning of the ladder.
Warning Labels
Introduction
Improper use of ladders can lead to serious injury as a result of falls, and in some cases
electrocution. Warning labels provide information on hazards and instruction for safe use,
plus they describe ladder weight and height limits that help you choose the proper ladder for
the job.
 Always read and follow warning labels on

ladders.
 Choose the right ladder for the job.
 Do not choose a ladder with height or

weight limits that are less than you need
to
perform the job.
 Follow instructions for safe use.
 Do not remove labels.
 If labels have become worn or damage, replace them if possible.

 Remove ladder from service if unsure of suitable condition and usability
Ladders: Metal Ladders
Introduction
While ail ladders can be hazardous when used incorrectly, metal ladders pose additional
risks, particularly when working around electricity. Work safely with metal ladders by taking
these steps:
 Inspect the ladder before using to ensure that it free of

sharp edges dents, and bent steps, rungs, or rails. If the
ladder is defective, remove it from service.
 Do not attempt to straighten a bent metal ladder.
 Make sure metal ladders have slip-resistant rubber

or
plastic feet.
 Keep rungs free of slippery material (grease, oil, paint,

snow ice etc.).
 DO NOT use metal ladders around electrical equipment.

Keep at least 10 feet away. Metal ladders conduct
electricity.
 If you or the ladder could contact exposed, energized equipment, use a ladder with
nonconductive side-rails.
 When working from a metal ladder, use only double-insulated or properly rounded
electrical tools.
Ladders: Step Ladder

Introduction
When scaffolds are not erected or used properly, fail hazards can occur. About 2.3 million
construction workers frequently work on scaffolds. Protecting these workers from scaffold-
related accidents would prevent an estimated 4,500 injuries and 50 fatalities each year. Take
these steps to help protect workers and reduce accidents:
 Follow industry guidelines for erecting scaffolds: verify that

each scaffold and its components is capable of supporting,
without failure, its own weight and at least four times the
maximum intended load. Erect and dismantle under the
direction of a scaffold competent person.
 Inspect scaffolds daily before use; check footing, guard

rails, connectors, fastening, tie-ins and bracing.
 Do not use unstable objects such as barrels, boxes,

loose bricks, or concrete blocks to support scaffolds or
planks.
 Fully plank platforms on all working levels.
 Install guardrails and toe-boards on all open sides and

 ends of platforms on scaffolding over 10 feet above floor or ground.
 If a scaffold is more than two feet above or below a level, provide adequate access,
such as a ramp, ladder, or steps.
 Do not erect, use, dismantle, alter or move scaffolds so they, or any conductive
material handled on them, might come closer than 10 feet to energized overhead
power lines.
 Obtain scaffold user training prior to working on scaffolding.
 Inspect all scaffolds prior to use or at least on a daily basis.

Scaffolds: Suspended
Introduction
2. Describe the hazards of the work as they relate to your project. Explain or show the Safe
way of doing the job.
Suspended scaffolds are platforms suspended by ropes, or other non-rigid means, from an
overhead structure. Suspended scaffolds include swing stage, multipoint scaffolds, and
catenary scaffolds. Suspended scaffolds can pose serious risks if there is a failure in integrity
of the structure or the ropes. In addition, workers at heights risk serious injury or death from
falls if fall-protection systems are not in place. Follow these tips to help ensure safety:
 Suspended scaffolds must be designed by a
competent person.
 Make sure all suspension support devices

are resting on surfaces capable of
supporting at least four times the intended
load. Supporting devices include outrigger
beams, cornice hooks, parapet clamps and
similar devices.
 Verify that each suspension rope, including

connecting hardware, is capable of
supporting, without failure, at least 6 times
the maximum intended load.
 When inspecting scaffolds for capacity, keep in

mind that adjustable suspension
scaffolds are designed to be raised and lowered while occupied by workers and
materials, and must be capable of bearing their load whether stationary or in motion.
 Restrain outrigger beams to prevent movement.
 To keep a scaffold from falling to the ground, use counterweights and attach them to
an acceptable anchor point
 Use fall protection (either a guardrail system or a personal fall arrest system) when
working on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. When working on a
suspension scaffold, use both a guardrail and a personal fall arrest system.
 Inspect all scaffolds prior to use or at least on a daily basts
Scaffolds: Safe work Practices
Introduction
Failure to follow safe work practices when using scaffolds is a major cause of scaffolding-
related accidents. To ensure safety, learn to recognize hazards, and always use these safe
work practices:
 Inspect scaffolds before each work shift

and after any incident that could affect the
structural integrity of the scaffold. Take any
questionable scaffold out of service, tag it and
report damage or defects immediately.
 Do not load scaffolds beyond their capacity.

Keep only the tools and materials you need on
the scaffold.
 Keep the platforms and area around the

scaffold clear of debris and unneeded equipment, material, and other hazards that
could cause a worker to trip or fall.
 Use guardrails and/or personal fall arrest system working on a scaffold that is 10 feet
high or higher.
 Maintain proper clearance near power lines (at least 10 feet, plus 4 inches for every
kilovolt above 50 kilovolts).
 Wear head protection and other personal protective equipment as necessary.
 Do not work on scaffolds during storms or high winds and clear all ice and snow from
the platforms before using them.
 Keep others away from the base of the scaffold while work is occurring overhead
Scaffold : Over Head Hazard
Introduction
Workers on scaffolds risk injury from overhead hazards such as falling tools, equipment, and
materials and energized overhead power lines. To protect employees from falling objects and
electrical shock, take these precautions:
 Install overhead protection when there is risk of

exposure to falling objects. Types of overhead protection
include toe-boards at edges of platforms, screens,
guardrails, debris nets, catch platforms, canopy
structures.
 Designate a fall zone under scaffolding with

barricades or danger tape to protect employees
working below scaffolds.
 Keep scaffolds 10 feet or more from power lines,

unless you verify the power lines are de-energized.
 Secure tools and equipment so that they don't

become falling objects.
 Always wear approved head and foot protection when working on or around
scaffolds.
 Inspect all scaffolds prior to use or at least on a daily basis.
 When stacking materials above toe-boards either secure and / or use a screen.
 Pay attention to material handling while working on scaffolding to avoid contact with
energized power lines
Scaffold: Suspended
Introduction
Suspended scaffolds are platforms suspended by ropes, or other non-rigid means, from an
overhead structure. Suspended scaffolds include swing stage, multipoint scaffolds, and
catenary scaffolds. Suspended scaffolds can pose serious risks if there is a failure in integrity
of the structure or the ropes. In addition, workers at heights risk serious injury or death from
falls if fall-protection systems are not in place. Follow these tips to help ensure safety:
 Suspended scaffolds must be designed by
a competent person.
 Make sure all suspension support devices

are resting on surfaces capable of
supporting at least four times the intended
load. Supporting devices include outrigger
beams, cornice hooks, parapet clamps
and similar devices.
 Verify that each suspension rope,

including connecting hardware, is capable
of supporting, without failure, at least 6
times the maximum intended load.
 When inspecting scaffolds for capacity, keep in mind that adjustable suspension
scaffolds are designed to be raised and lowered while occupied by workers and
materials, and must be capable of bearing their load whether stationary or in motion.
 Restrain outrigger beams to prevent movement.
 To keep a scaffold from falling to the ground, use counterweights and attach them to
an acceptable anchor point
 Use fall protection (either a guardrail system or a personal fall arrest system)
when working on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. When working
on a suspension scaffold, use both a guardrail and a personal fall arrest system.
 Inspect all scaffolds prior to use or at least on a daily basts

Scaffold: Erection/ Dismantling
Introduction
Many scaffolding accidents occur during the erecting and dismantling and missing tie-ins or
bracing. Always follow OSHA guidelines for erecting and/or dismantling scaffolds and use
these safe work practices:
 Erect, move, dismantle, or alter scaffolds only

if you are trained and under the supervision
of a competent person qualified in such
activities.
 Wear fall protection whenever feasible. A

qualified person must determine where fall
protection is feasible and does not create
a greater hazard.
 If using a personal fall arrest system, do

not use scaffolds as an anchorage unless
authorized to do so by a qualified person.
 Stay on structurally sound and stable portions of the scaffold while erecting or
dismantling other portions of the scaffold.
 Unless they can be handed down, use ropes to lower components to the ground
when dismantling a scaffold. This prevents the components from being damaged that
can occur if tossed down.
 Stage materials to minimize fall hazards and to permit safe access.
 Wear approved head and foot protection

Securing Bolts
Introduction
Handling and installation of steel securing bolts presents many safety hazards. Containers
used to haul and store connectors are heavy and must be moved in accordance with safe
lifting practices. Store containers outside of main walkways or near equipment traffic to
prevent them from being knocked over. Keep the area under the steel that is being
connected clear of personnel.
 Provide containers for storing and carrying bolts,

drift pins, and rivets.
 Secure the containers against accidental

displacement when aloft.
 When knocking out bolts or drift pins, provide a

means to keep them from falling.
 Securely bolt or fasten into position each

structural steel member with at least two (2) bolts
before releasing from the load line. Cantilevered or
systems engineered steel may require more bolts.
 Anchor all columns by a minimum of four anchor bolts.
 Do not repairs, replace or field modify anchor bolts without the approval of the project
structural engineer of record. Always wear approved eye protection
Confined space
1. Entry into any confined space is potentially dangerous due to the possibility of oxygen
deficiency, presence of flammable gas, hydrogen sulphide, or other toxic substances
2. Never enter a confined space / vessel until an Entry Permit has been authorized by
the concerned asset owner in consultation with Occupational Hygienist / certified
gas tester.
3. A confined space / vessel includes tanks, drums, large piping, manhole, pits, or any
enclosure that may contain flammable & / or toxic substances or oxygen deficient
environment.
4. Any trench deeper than 1.5 meters (e.g. excavation, pit, and sump) should be
considered as a confined space.
5. All confined spaces must be ventilated and have a constant flow of air to be
maintained. Air blowers can be installed necessary.
6. Gas tests are mandatory before authorizing an entry permit. The gas tests must
include the following
 Flammable (combustible gas
 Oxygen content
 Toxic substances, which may be present, such as carbon monoxide, or
hydrogen supplied.
7. Gas test limits for a normal vessel entry are: oxygen content more than 19.5%,
combustible gas at 0% LEL, and hydrogen sulphide at 0 parts per million.
8. If gas test results are out of the normal range, then special equipment such as
respirators, protective clothing and forced air ventilation will be required
9. The results of gas tests and any special precautions must be recorded on the entry
permit
10. The frequency of gas test in confined space shall be indicated on the entry permit by
authorized gas tester / Occupational Hygienist
Fire Safety
Fire Prevention
“Fire Triangle” identifies three components of any fire:
 Fuel paper, wood, flammable gas, energised electrical equipment, etc…

 Energy (heat), sufficient to support combustion. Often refers to as the ignition
source.
 Oxidiser (air)
IF ANYONE OF THESE IS MISSING, A FIRE CANNOT CONTINUE. THEREFORE

Prevention is based on eliminating or minimising one of the components of the “Fire
Triangle”. Other methods include-office/canteen
 Heat and/or smoke detectors
 Automatic fire sprinkler systems
 Kitchen hood systems (canteen)
 Building code/materials (Flame retardant materials)
On-the-Job
 Keep flammables away from ignition sources

 Utilize flammable storage containers
 Know your chemical properties (check the MSDS for flammable/combustible
information)
 Do not block fire extinguishers with equipment
 Practice good housekeeping techniques in work areas
 Inspect wires for possible damage
 Know the way out from your work area
 Know location of the closest manual fire alarm station
 Know location of closest fire extinguisher
 In the event of a fire in a work area, try to extinguish it if it is small one. If not, dial
the emergency number, evacuate the location or pull the manual alarm station.
 Review the location of muster area in the event of a building evacuation (utilise a
check sheet)
 Conduct quarterly fire drills (including all shifts on a rotating basis)
 Exits should be clearly marked and all signs lit and unobstructed
Remember to RACE during a fire

 Rescue – rescue people in immediate danger
 Alert – yell out “Code Red”/”Fire”, pull fire alarm, dial emergency phone number
 Contain – close all doors and windows
 Extinguish/Evacuate – extinguish small fires, evacuate people
Remember PASS when using an extinguisher

 Pull the pin
 Aim the nozzle
 Squeeze the handle
 Sweep side to side at the base of the fire
Working on Flow lines
1. The construction and repairing of hydrocarbon service flow lines are considered
potentially hazardous due to possible presence of flammable & toxic vapors.
2. It is mandatory to carry out gas test and authorization of Hot Work permit prior to
starting any hot or spark potential activities on such pipelines.
3. The flow lines need to be positively isolated, depressurized, decontaminated, flushed

or purged as essential preparatory measures prior to authorizing the permit for
respective work.
4. Cold cutting of flow lines requires a cold work permit. The equipment used for cold
cutting must be intrinsically safe, non- sparking type or cannot create a source of
ignition.
5. The permits are to be endorsed by each oncoming shift/ area supervisor after carrying
out necessary gas test.
6. Since most flow lines are located in the desert, it is recommended to be careful
about possible presence of explosive ordinance in the work area.
7. Remember – DO NOT TOUCH suspicious objects. Any un-identified objects must be

immediately reported to Burgan Fire Station, who will arrange further actions through
concerned teams.
Hand Tools
1. It is important to maintain hand tools in good working condition. The following

precautionary measures will be kept in view:
 Wooden handles shall be kept free from splinters and cracks.

 Wooden handles for hammers and sledgehammers shall be secured with
tapered wedges.
 Steel wedges, spanners, hammers, etc, shall be free from burrs.
 Non-sparking brass tools, chisels, etc, should be trimmed down to prevent
"mushrooming" the head of the tool.
2. Files should have proper handles. Avoid using files with bare tangs.
3. Always wear eye protection while using striking tools.
4. While using a hammer to strike a spanner, chisel, etc, the tool being hit shall not be
held by hand. Always hold a striking tool in place with rope, stiff wire loop, or other
means to keep the hands away from being hit by the hammer.
5 Following 5 basic safety rules can prevent all hazards involved in the use of tools:
 Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance (CHECK

INSPECTION STICKERS).
 Use the right tool for the right job.
 Inspect each tool for damage before use.
 Operate according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
 Provide and use the proper PPE.
6 The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from misuse and improper
maintenance. The tool may also become unsafe to use. In fact, it is estimated that
hand tool mishaps are responsible for about 1 out of 12 workplace injuries-including
cuts and bruises, punctures, fractures, even loss of finger, hand, or eye. Some
examples to misuse:
 Using a screwdriver as a chisel may cause the tip of the screwdriver to

break and fly, hitting the user or other employees.
 If a wooden handle on a tool such as a hammer is loose, splintered, or
cracked, the head of the tool may fly off and strike the user or another
worker.
 A wrench must be used if its jaws are sprung, because it might slip.
Power Tools
Precautions
 Employees have the responsibility for properly using and maintaining tools.
 Appropriate PPE should be worn due to the hazards that may be encountered
while using portable tools.
 Avoid dangerous environments. Don’t use power tools in a damp, wet and/or
explosive atmosphere.
 Around flammable materials, sparks produced by iron and steel hand tools can
be ignition source. Where this hazard exists, use spark-resistant tools made
from brass, plastic, aluminum, or wood.
 Employees should be trained in the use of all tools-not just power tools. They
should understand the potential hazards as well as the safety precautions
If you’re a power tool user:
 Never carry a tool by the cord or hose.
 Never yank cord/hoses to disconnect from receptacle.
 Keep cords/hoses away from heat/oil, sharp edges.
 Disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing, when changing

accessories such as blades/bits cutters.
Employees using electric tools must be aware of several dangers; the most serious is the
possibility
Electrocution
Among the chief hazards of electric-powered tools are burns and slight shocks, which can
lead to injuries or even heart failure.
Pneumatic Tool Safety
Pneumatic tools offer great versatility and the capability to get a job done quickly and
efficiently. As with any energized equipment there is the potential for harm to people or
property. With this Spotlight we will discuss basic handling, use and storage techniques that
will minimize potential hazards created by these tools.
Proper use of pneumatic tools:
 Read the manufacturer supplied manual before operating the tool.

 Wear appropriate PPE. A baseline of safety glasses/goggles, hearing protection and
safety shoes is required. (Face protection, and abrasive gloves may also be needed)
 Never use compressed air for cleaning unless fitted with an attachment to reduce the
pressure at the nozzle to 30 psi.
 Never point the nozzle at another person or yourself, rust particles can be
discharged from the compressor at a high velocity causing injury
Attachments
 Always double check to ensure the attachment is securely connected to the hose.
 A positive locking device, chain or a short wire attaching the tool and
hose is recommended for added protection.
 Attachments that shoot fasteners at pressures greater than 100 psi
need to be equipped with a device that only ejects fasteners when the
muzzle is pressed up against the work surface.
Hoses
 If using a hose greater than 1/2” diameter, a safety excess flow valve
must be installed at the source of the air supply.
 Use hoses that have a minimum working pressure rating of 150% the
maximum pressure produced by the compressor.
 Inspect hoses on a regular basis for bulges, cuts, cracks etc.
 Use hoses that are resistant to abrasion, crushing, and cutting.
 Blow any air out of the line before attaching a tool.
 When using hoses, minimize trip hazards and protect the physical
 Condition of the hose to the best of your ability.
Air Compressors
 Do not adjust air pressure greater than the attachments rating

 Drain the tank after 4 hours of use to prevent water build up which
could lead to rust.
 Allow engine to completely cool before refueling.
 Only use gas powered compressors in well ventilated areas. Electric
compressors need to be plugged into a properly grounded plug (use
GFCI when needed).
MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS
The term Mobile Elevating Work Platform (MEWP) covers pedestrian controlled self propelled
and power operated mobile elevating work and access platforms.
The MEWP is designed to provide a temporary working platform which can be easily moved
from one location to another. It is particularly suitable for short duration work where the use of
a ladder would be unsafe and the erection of scaffolding would be time consuming and
impracticable.
The main hazards associated with the use of mobile elevating work platforms include:
 collision with another vehicle

 parts of the machine encroaching onto a traffic lane
 proximity of overhead cables
 falls of persons or materials
 persons being caught or trapped in moving parts or "nip" points
 overturning
 incorrect use
When using an MEWP it is important that you adopt the following precautions:-
 Ensure that you have seen the manufacturer's records regarding inspection,
maintenance and servicing and that it is carried out.
 Check that all the relevant test certificates and duty charts are provided with the
machine.
 Ensure that before you operate the machine you are trained; this is normally carried
out by the supplier and ensure that you are familiar with the manufacturer's operating
manual.
 Ensure the safe working load (SWL), the safe wind speed and safe gradient are
displayed on the machine, and adhered to.
 Ensure the ground is level, firm and the machine is not over any drain, basement, etc.
Where rough terrain equipment is used, the manufacturer's requirements on ground
conditions must be followed.
 Ensure you fully deploy the outriggers / stabilisers
 Never travel with the platform occupied or boom extended, unless specified by the
manufacturers.
 Ensure when you are working adjacent to roadways, railways or other operations /
obstructions that you erect barriers, cones, lights, etc.
 Ensure if working adjacent to overhead power lines that you follow the permit to work
provided.
 Ensure that you wear a safety harness and it is attached to the platform. This is
required because most incidents involve people being tipped out.
 Ensure you wear other protective clothing i.e. safety helmets, safety shoes, etc.
 Check that all moving parts are properly guarded.
 Only use the platform and boom for the work for which it was intended.
When not in use, machines should be at ground level and immobilized
Spray Painting
Hazards
 Paint Ingestion
 Eye/skin damage
Controls and precautions to be observed during this work
 Barriers and signs to be posted around Worksite.
 Safety lookout Man to be posted
 Air compressor equipment to be tested and fully functional
 Air Hoses to be properly connected with whip checks
 Full protective clothing to be worn whilst spraying
 Breathing masks to be worn
 Ignition sources to be kept out of worksite
 Sensitive equipment to be masked to prevent damage.
 Lances not to be directed at people
 Hot surfaces are not to be sprayed
 Lances are not to be directed within 1m of Air vent inlets/exhaust outlets
 Spray Painting equipment and lances to be positively grounded against static

spark in gas zones.
Use of Chain Saws

Hazards
 Amputation of limbs. Severe operator/assistant lacerations
 All chainsaw operators should have received formal training
 Before using a chainsaw carry out the following checks:
 Check guards are in place, in good condition and secure.

 Check chain brake operation (if fitted)
 Check throttle and interlock for serviceability.
 Ensure you have the required PPE and that it is serviceable. This must include leggings
 Always engage the chain brake and place saw on a secure surface clear of any
obstructions before starting.
 Never make adjustments to the chainsaw whilst it is running
 Never place any part of your body in the saw’s line of cut
 Before moving with the chainsaw, switch it off, (apply the chain brake), and fit the
scabbard over the chain. Carry by front handle with chain facing rearwards
 Maintain a firm grip, using both hands, on the chainsaw when in operation.
 Stop saw motor before fuelling
 Check for fuel leakage and ensure fuel cap is correctly replaced
 Refuel chainsaws in well-ventilated areas and at least 3 metres away from where you
are going to use the chainsaw
Guidance to Banks Men
 Any banks men/slingers must be competent, i.e. must have received formal training
 All lifting operations should be suitably planned prior to commencing
 Ensure effective communications are in place
 When a crane is in operation, banks men must not become distracted, and on no
account leave the area unless relieved by another competent person.
 Use guide ropes to steady loads where applicable
 Visually inspect all lifting gear daily – if in doubt do not use
 Ensure you are aware of all relevant hazards on site including overhead power lines,
excavations
 When using signals then stand where you can clearly see the load, the crane operator
can clearly see you, and make your signs clear and distinct using only the approved
codes.
 Ensure loads are lifted off the ground, are free, and are correctly slung before hoisting
 Ensure safe working loads (SWL’s) are always complied with
 Establish communications with the crane driver where applicable – if you can’t see
him then use radios
 Always wear a safety helmet and hi-visibility vest
 Always ensure crane hooks are centrally located over loads to reduce swinging when
raised If the crane is travelling, ensure you warn the driver of obstructions, sharp
corners, etc
SLIPS, TRIPS AND FALLS
HAZARDS
 Unsafe ladders, steps and scaffolds.
 Slippery surfaces and improper footwear for the working environment.
 Obstructions in and on floors and walkways.
 Poor lighting.
 Access to / from vehicles.
LEARNING POINTS
 Inspect ladders and steps prior to working and ensure that the ladder is set on firm,
level ground at the correct incline (1 in 4). Use two hands whilst climbing, do not over
reach when working from a ladder. When a harness or fall arrestors are being worn,
remember to check the condition of the equipment before use and check that people
know how to use them.
 Inspect scaffolds prior to working and ensure that the scaffold is complete, the working
platforms are clear from tripping hazards and, in the case of mobile scaffolds, the
castors are locked to prevent movement.
 Avoid slips by keeping watch for hazardous working conditions - wet floors, icy areas,
oil and grease for example. Promptly clean up the spillage; do not leave it for someone
else.
 Avoid trips by maintaining a good standard of housekeeping and ensure that materials
are stored and access-ways are kept clear.
 Avoid falls by using fully guarded work platforms. Where this is impracticable, fall
arrestors and harnesses must be clipped onto a solid structure at all times whilst
working at height. In addition, cherry pickers should be used instead of "beam walking
ERECTING STEEL STRUCTURES
Introduction
Working with steel poses many fall hazards. Hoisting, connecting, welding, bolting and
rigging structural steel are all activities that can put the worker at risk of a fall. Take these
precautions to help protect against fall hazards
 Use conventional fall protection (PFAS,

safety nets, or guardrail systems) if there of
risk of falling more than 15 feet doing most
iron work, including bolting, welding etc.)
Fall protection may be required at 6 feet on
some projects
 Ensure that connectors wear a complete

PFAS or other allowable fall protection
device and wear equipment necessary for
tying off while working at heights over 15 and up to 30 feet. Or two stories, whichever
is less. Fall protection may be required at 6 feet on some projects
 A Controlled Decking Zone (CDZ) may be established as a substitute for positive fail
protection where metal decking is initially being installed and forms the leading edge
of a work area over 15 and up to 30 feet above a lower level. Fail protection may be
required at 6 feet on some projects. Allow only employees are who are engaged in
leading-edge work and properly trained in the hazards involved to enter the CDZ
PROTECTION AGAINST ACCIDENTAL FALL
Preparation:
Have a safety harness and lanyard available to show correct fitting, wearing and its
attachment
 The protection against fall is required for persons working at height when a fixed
platform or scaffolding cannot be provided.
 In these circumstances, a safety harness must be used where persons can fall
from a height of more than 2½ meters (8 feet).
 The safety harness with a lanyard must be of approved type supplied by the
manufacturer.
 Lanyards may not be more than 1½ meters (5 feet) in length.
 Safety harness & lanyard must be in good condition and shall be inspected
before use.
 The lanyard must be anchored to a suitable fixed point and to the harness.
Where free movement is required, a running line is recommended (e.g. when
working on top of tanks) to avoid the need of frequent unclip for the harness.
 The protection against fall is also essential while working from a manlift, crane
basket, or over open water / crude oil lagoons
GRIT BLASTING
1. Grit blasting on a live equipment or plant can be hazardous and requires proper
precautionary measures to control the associated hazards
2. Grit blasting in hazardous / restricted area shall be covered under Hot Work permit,
which must be authorized prior to starting the work
3. The persons involved in grit / shot blasting activities must have required training to
carry out such works.
4. Filters must be used to prevent entry of oil mist or toxic substance in the air supply
hose. Filters should be replaced time to time
.
5. The couplings on air supply hose shall be properly pinned or wired together to
prevent departing under high pressure.
6. The couplings on air supply hose shall be properly pinned or wired together to
prevent departing under high pressure.
7. Grit / shot blast nozzles must be equipped with safety release grips, or "dead man
grips" so the nozzle will shut off if dropped accidentally.
8. Grit / shot blasting equipment must be properly grounded (earthed) to prevent

accumulation of static charges
9. Ensure the provision & use of required protective equipment during the work:
 Grit blast hoods must be of approved design and duty.
 The workers deployed for assisting in grit blasting shall also wear safety goggles
as a minimum protection and face shields must be readily available at site.
 Hearing protection is required if noise levels exceed 85 dBA (decibels).
10. Grit blasting areas must be barricaded and partitioned to prevent grit / shot ingress
into adjacent work areas
11. Take account of wind direction and speed during grit blasting activities
12. A separate procedure is to be developed involving concerned teams for grit blasting
on live wellhead.
TOOL BOX TALK-ELECTRICAL
Battery Charging
Introduction
The charging of Lead-acid batteries can be hazards. Batteries emit explosive gasses while
being charged, plus, battery fluid contains sulfuric acid, which can harm the eyes and skin on
contact. Charging batteries is such a common task that many workers take it for granted and
fail to use safe procedures. When changing a battery, use common sense and follow all
manufacturer safety precautions.
 Charge batteries in a dry, well-ventilated area.
 Wear safety glasses or goggles and gloves

when handling/charging batteries.
 Keep flames or sparks away from the battery

to avoid contact with explosive gasses. Do
not smoke while charging batteries.
 Before charging check the battery electrolyte

level. Add distilled water if the electrolyte
level is low before charging.
 Be sure to correctly connect positive and negative terminals: positive clamp (red) to
positive(+) post and negative clamp (black) to negative (-) post.
 Leave the vent caps in place while charging.
 Immediately after the battery is fully charged, turn off and unplug the charger.
Continuing to charge a fully charged battery may severely damage the internal plates
and shorten battery life.
ELECTRICAL BURNS
Introduction
Electrical burns occur when current jumps from an electrical outlet, cord, or appliance and
passes through your body. Electrical burns cause tissue damage, and are one of the most
serious injuries you can receive and need to be treated immediately.
 Burns suffered in electrical incidents can be divided

into three types; electrical burns, arc burns, and thermal
contact burns. AN three types of burns may be produced
simultaneously.
 High voltage contact burns can burn internal tissues while

leaving only very small injuries on the outside of the skin
where it enters and much larger wound where it exits.
Burns suffered in electrical accidents may affect the skin,
muscles, and bone.
 High temperatures near the body produced by an electric

arc or explosion cause arc or flash burns. They should
also be attended to promptly.
 Thermal contact burns occur when skin comes in contact

with overheated electric equipment, or when clothing is ignited in an electrical
incident.
 If someone receives an electrical burn, seek medical attention immediately. If the

victim is still in contact with the energized circuit, shut it off. Do not touch the
victim. You do not want to be a victim too.
To prevent electrical burns, use safe work practices, lock out and tag all machines/
equipment/circuits during service, wear proper persona! Protective, and stay at least
10 feet away from overhead power lines
LIGHTNING STRIKES
Introduction
2. Describe the hazards of the work as they relate to your project. Explain or show the SAFE
way of doing the job.
A single stroke of lightning may have 125,000,000 volts of electricity. That's enough power to
light a 100-watt light bulb for more than 3 months, or enough to seriously hurt or kill someone.
For every five seconds you count, the lighting is one mile away, if you can see a flash and
instantly hear thunder, the lightning strike is very close and you should seek shelter
immediately. When you see lightning, follow these safety rules:
 If you're outdoors, seek shelter

from lightning! Buildings are best
for shelter, but if no buildings are
available, try to find protection in a
cave, ditch, or a canyon. Trees are
not good cover! If you're in the woods,
look for an area of shorter trees and
crouch down away from tree trunks.
 Stay off or away from anything tall or

high including rooftops, scaffolding,
utility poles and ladders.
 If you're traveling, stay in your vehicle

and roll up the windows. Don't touch the metal parts of your vehicle.
 Do not use metal objects outside, such as golf clubs or metal tools.
 If your skin tingles or your hair stands on the end, a lightning strike may be about to
happen. Crouch down on the balls of your feet with your feet close together. Keep your
hands on your knees and lower your head. Get as low as possible without touching
your hands or knees to the ground. DO NOT LIE DOWN!
When someone is struck by lightning, get emergency medical help as soon as

possible. Often the person can be revived with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
There is no danger to anyone helping a person who has been struck by lightning - no
electric charge remains. Start CPR immediately
Live circuit Panels

Introduction
Circuit panels are typically found in central locations inside buildings and often serve as the
point at which electrical power is distributed within a building. Electrical panels or breaker
boxes require special safety considerations. Because electrical panels or boxes contain "live"
electricity, they require special safety considerations, including the following:
 Assume all electric panels are live.
 Label circuit breakers properly. Do not use tape to

secure any breaker in either an on or off position.
 De-energize as much equipment as possible. Use

portable floodlight systems for lighting.
 Wear heavy insulated rubber boots and gloves when

working around energized wiring.
 Ensure that panel boxes have a cover on them at all

times, except when being serviced.
 Do not block panel boxes. There should be at least

36 inches of clear space in front of a panel box.
 Be sure ail live parts are covered.
Always use breaker panel blanks in breaker boxes

Over Head Power Lines

Introduction
Overhead power lines at your site are especially hazardous because they carry extremely high
voltage. Fatal electrocution is the main risk, but burns and falls from elevations are also
hazards. Using tools and equipment that can contact power lines increases the risk.
Investigate all construction sites prior to beginning of work to identify possible power line
exposures and to establish proper warning and accident prevention controls. Take these
precautions when working on or near overhead power lines:
 Unless you know otherwise,

assume that overhead lines
are energized.
 Stay at least 10 feet away

from overhead power lines.
 Be especially careful when

using scaffolds, ladders, and
equipment around power
lines. When dump trucks,
cranes, work platforms, or other
conductive materials (such as
pipes and metal ladders)
contact overhead wires, the
equipment operator or other
workers can be killed.
 Contact the local utility company to de-energize and ground overhead power lines
when working near them. They may also provide other protective measures including
guarding or insulating the lines.
 Use non-conductive fiberglass ladders when working near power lines.

Never store materials and equipment under or near overhead power lines
Wires can mean Death

Introduction
In contemporary wiring, individual wires are run in a sheathed cable or conduit. The white wire
is neutral and the green wire is the ground wire. The "hot wire/' is usually black or red, and they
are dangerous to touch. To protect from electrical shock, learn hazards associated with basic
wiring, and take steps to avoid these hazards.
 Never attempt to handle any wires or conductors

until you are absolutely positive that their
electrical supply has been shut off. Properly lock
out and tag all machines/equipment/circuits to
prevent accidental startup.
 You will receive an electrical shock if a part of

your body completes an electrical circuit by
touching a live wire and ground, or touching a
live wire and another wire at a different voltage.
 Consider all electrical wires as "hot" or "live"

until verified as safe by a qualified person.
 If you come in contact with an energized wire—and you are also in contact with a
grounded path-current will pass through your body. You will receive an electrical
shock.
Working in Electrical Box
Introduction
Electrical hazards - from shock, burns, or electrocution - exist where wires or other electrical
parts are exposed. Wires and parts can be exposed if a cover is removed from a wiring or
breaker box. When working on or around electrical boxes, take steps to protect yourself and
others from electrical hazards.
 Recognize that an exposed electrical

component is a hazard.
 Ensure that only licensed electrician's work on

electrical systems and equipment that uses or
controls electrical power.
 Wear appropriate personal protective equipment

(insulated gloves, tools etc.) when working on live
circuits.
 Make sure junction boxes, plug receptacles, and switches have tight-fitting covers or
plates in place.
 Verify that all unused openings (including conduit knockouts) in electrical enclosures
and fittings are closed with appropriate covers, plugs or plates.
 Report damaged electrical enclosures such as switches receptacles and junction

boxes.
Do not store anything within three feet of an electrical circuit control enclosure
Electrocution
Introduction
Electricity can, and does kill. Over four hundred workers die each year from contact with
electrical energy, the fifth leading cause of workplace deaths. Construction workers, including
laborers, electricians, painters, and others account for almost half the total. Take steps to help
minimize risk of electrocution:
 Stay at least 10 feet away from

overhead power lines.
 Keep all tools and equipment away

from high voltage lines. You can get a
serious shock if anything you're using or
carrying accidentally contacts a line.
 Use ground-fault circuit interrupters

(GFCIs) on all 120-volt, single-phase,
10, 15- and 20-ampere receptacles.
 Ground all power supply

systems, electrical circuits, and
electrical equipment.
 Use double insulated tools.
 Follow safe work practices when working on/with electrical equipment. Use insulated
gloves and tools when working with high voltage equipment.
If you find someone who has suffered an electric shock, don't touch the person until
power has been disconnected.
Proper use of External Cords

Introduction
An extension cord looks harmless, but most extension cords carry 110 volts of electricity, and
110 volts can kill. Extension cords, if not used correctly, can cause electric shock, fires (from
overloading circuits), and even slipping and tripping hazards. Follow these tips for safe use:
 Check that extension cords are correctly rated for the

amount electricity they are to carry and are
Underwriter Laboratory (UL) approved. Heavy
commercial duty cords are the minimum
recommended on any construction site.
 Ensure that all extension cords are serviceable and free of

exposed wiring and splices, frayed areas, and/or deteriorated
insulations. Discard extension cords with broken wires or
damaged insulation.
 Connect only one device at a time to extension cords.
 Use extension cords for temporary purposes, not for

permanent installation. Where there is a permanent need
for an electrical outlet, one should be installed.
Always use GFCI's with extension cords.
 Do not tape or splice extension cords.
 Do not place extension cords across walkways or doorways where they could pose a tripping
hazard.
 Do not place extension cords under carpets, under doors, or other locations that subject
the cord to abrasion or other damage.
Do not drive any vehicle over extension cords

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
Introduction
A ground-fault circuit interrupter, or GFCI, is a device that detects a fault failure by comparing
the amount of current flowing to electrical equipment with the amount of current returning from
the equipment. Whenever the difference is greater than five milliamps, the GFCI trips and
thereby interrupts the flow of electricity. GFCl' s are designed to shut off electric power quickly
enough to prevent an electrical incident.
 In general, install GFCIs in the home and/or workplace

in wet or humid environments, high-risk areas such as
construction sites, and places where people could come
into contact with live equipment.
 Use approved GFCl's for all 120-volt, single-phase, 15-

and 20-ampere receptacle outlets on construction sites
that are not a part of the permanent wiring of the building.
 Select the right GFCI for the job. The three basic types
used in homes and the workplace are the GFI outlet, the
GFl circuit breaker, and the portable GFI. All perform the
same function but each has different applications and
limitations.
 To help ensure safety, limit exposure of connectors and tools to excessive moisture,
water, melting ice or rain.
 Test GFCl' s monthly to determine that they are working correctly.

Never remove the third (ground) wire connection from plugs
Insulated Gloves
Introduction
Electricity is a serious workplace hazard, exposing employees to such dangers as life-

threatening electric shock and electrical burns. Personal protective equipment can provide an
important line of defense when exposed to electrical hazards.
 Always wear insulated rubber gloves (with

canvas or leather outer gloves) when working
with high voltage equipment.
 Verify that gloves are of the maximum voltage

rating for the job.
 Wear gloves under leather gloves to

prevent punctures.
 Make sure gloves fit snugly.
 Inspect gloves daily for holes, tears, punctures, cuts, texture changes, embedded
objects etc. If gloves are damaged, do not use them.
Maintain insulated gloves in a safe, reliable condition. Verify that they are periodically inspected
and tested as required by OSHA
Lockout/Tag out
Introduction
Lockout/tag out procedures is used to isolate hazardous energy sources from electrical,
hydraulic, pneumatic or rotary machinery when service or maintenance work is required.
Lockout/tag out devices helps prevent accidental start-up of equipment or machinery, and
ensure personal safety from possible energy releases. Take the following steps to help prevent
exposure to hazardous energy:
 Know and follow all procedures for lockout/tag out

in your workplace.
 Assume at all times that power is "on." This

practice ensures a cautious approach that may
prevent an accident or injury.
 Lockout and tag all machinery and equipment

before performing maintenance.
Do not lock out and tag machinery/equipment unless you

are authorized to do so.
Do not attempt to operate any switch, valve, or other

energy isolating device bearing a lock or a tag.
Do not remove tags from machines or equipment unless authorized to do so. OSHA
regulations state that only the person who applies the lock and/or tag can remove it, except in
an emergency.
Portable Generators
Introduction
Portable generators can offer great benefits when electrical power is not readily available.
However, every year people die in incidents related to portable generator use. The primary
hazards to avoid when using a generator are carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning from the toxic
engine exhaust, electric shock or electrocution, and fire. Follow the directions supplied with the
generator, and use these safe work practices:
 Always use generators outdoors, away from doors,

windows and vents. NEVER use generators inside
homes, garages, basements, crawl spaces, or other
enclosed or partially enclosed areas, even with
ventilation.
 Follow manufacturer's instructions for safe

operation.
 Keep the generator dry. Operate on a dry surface

under an open, canopy- like structure.
 Plug appliances directly into the generator or use a heavy-duty outdoor- rated extension cord.
If using an extension cord, make sure the entire cord is free of cuts or tears, and that the plug
has all three prongs, especially a grounding pin.
 NEVER plug the generator into a wall outlet. This practice, known as back feeding, can cause
an electrocution risk to utility workers and others served by the same utility transformer. If
necessary to connect generator to house wiring to power appliances, have a qualified
electrician install appropriate equipment. Or, ask your utility company to install an appropriate
transfer switch.
 Before refueling the generator, turn it off and let it cool. Fuel spilled on hot engine parts could
ignite.
 Always store fuel outside of living areas and away from any fuel-burning appliance. Store in
properly labeled, non-glass containers
Electrical Power Tools

Introduction
Every year, many workers on construction sites suffer electric shock using portable
electrical tools and equipment. The nature of the injuries, including those caused by
ground faults, ranges from minor injuries to serious, secondary injuries. There also is the
possibility of electrocution. A secondary injury occurs when a worker recoils from an
electrical shock and, as a result, sustains an injury. To help prevent injury, follow these
safety tips when using electrical power tools:
 Always use a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter to

protect against potentially hazardous ground faults.
 Before using any portable electrical tool, inspect the

cord for the proper type. Ensure that the tool has
either a three-wire cord with ground or is double
insulated. Never use a plug that has its ground
prong removed.
 Inspect the tool for frayed cords, loose or broken

switches, and other obvious problems. Do not use
tools that fail this. Remove from service and label
"Do Not Use" until repaired.
 Be sure the outlet, extension cord, tools, and work

area are clean and dry. Do not use electrical-
powered tools in damp or wet locations.
 Verify that the tool is turned "off" before you plug it

in or unplug it.
 Disconnect power tools while servicing or storing.
 Do not lower or carry a power tool by its cord

Proper Grounding
Introduction
"Grounding" a tool or electrical system means intentionally creating a low-resistance path that
connects to the earth. When properly done, current from a short or from lightning follows this
path, thus preventing the buildup of voltages that would otherwise result in electrical shock,
injury, and even death. Proper grounding for both the system and electrical equipment is
particularly relevant in construction
Use Ground Fault Interrupters (GFCI) to protect against shocks from ground faults. A GFCI
detects current leakage at very low levels (as little as 5 milliamps) and rapidly cuts off the
power
 Ground all power supply systems, electrical

circuits, and electrical equipment.
 Frequently inspect electrical systems to insure

that the path to ground is continuous. Always
follow an assured grounding program rules.
 Visually inspect all electrical equipment before

use. Take defective equipment out of service.
 Do not remove ground prongs from cord-and plug-connected equipment or extension

cords.
 Use double-insulated tools or grounded tools that have an approved three-wire cord
with a three-prong plug, insure that the plug is plugged into a properly grounded three-
pole outlet.
Never cut off or bend the ground pin of a three-pronged plug. Proper grounding is essential to
minimize fire and shock hazards
NEAR UNDERGROUND CABLES

Damage to underground electric cables is a frequent occurrence which can result in fatal or
serious injuries. In addition, the interruption to supplies may have both damaging and
expensive consequences.
Before commencing any excavation, check with your supervisor that enquiries have been
made to see if any cables are in the area (electric, telephone, television, etc.). If so, remember
that the location shown on a plan may not necessarily be accurate. You should, for your own
safety, always follow the rules given below
 Ask for a cable locating device, in good working order, to be available to locate all
underground cables in the working area, you must be trained to use the device.
 Assume all cables are `live', unless told by your Supervisor that they are dead.
 Hand dig trial holes carefully wherever possible along any indicated line and look
for marker tapes or tiles above the cable. Continue to use the cable locator.
Finally, establish exact location.
 Once exposed, protect cables from damage, supporting effectively where

necessary.
 In the event of accidental damage - even if only apparently superficial - all

persons should be kept clear until the Electricity Board has made an examination.
 When backfilling, make sure you have been instructed as to the Board's
requirements. Replace marker tapes or tiles in their original positions.
 If you have to use hand-held power tools to break up concrete areas or other
paved surfaces, avoid over-penetration. This is a common source of accident
when cables are buried underneath.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Preparation:
Get a defective extension lead or electric power tool to display / point out
the faults.
 All electrical equipment must be in good condition, and inspected prior to its use.
Explain the probable common defects, which to be looked for during inspection.
 The plugs on electrical devices must have good prongs without any crack. The
electrical cords must not be frayed / exposed / taped. All electrical joints shall be
made with proper plugs and sockets.
 Electric cords must be kept away from water and crude oil. Electrical cords must also
be protected from fraying when being used on platforms, laid over railings, etc
 Portable electric tools should be double insulated. Double insulated tools have plastic
housings. Portable power tools with metal casings have only single insulation and
must be grounded prior to use.
 Electric devices must be de-energized and locked out before commencing any work.
The inspection & repairing of electrical devices must be performed by a certified
electrician.
 Temporary wiring must conform to industry standards. Placing bare wire into outlets
is strictly prohibited

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LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED

TOOL BOX TALK

Sl. No. Tool Box Talk Topics

4 Walking/ working around equipment /vehicles

9 Working in the Desert

10 Desert animals, reptiles& insects

12 Driving in the desert

18 Personal Protective Equipment

19 Storage & Handling of chemicals

Emergency Response plan

25 Working with cement

27 Dust and dirt

29 Safety Procedures During demolition/ dismantling

33 Fork Lift Trucks

35 Working around cranes

36 Compressed Gas Cylinders

38 Material Handling Equipment

44 Working with cranes

46 Disposing of oily Rags

50 Equipment and vehicle leaks

52 Ladder : Extension Ladders

54 Ladder: Job Built-Ladder

55 Ladder: proper Access

57 Ladder: Metal Ladders

58 Ladder: step Ladders

61 Scaffolds : Safe work practices

62 Scaffold Over head Hazard

63 Scaffold : Erection/ Dismantling

67 Working on flow lines

70 Pneumatic Tool Safety

71 Mobile Elevating Work platform

73 Use of Chain saw

74 Guidance to Banks men

75 Slips Trips & Falls

76 Erecting steel structures

77 Protection against accidental Fall

82 Live circuit panels

83 Over head power lines

84 Wires can mean Death

85 Working in live Electrical box

87 Proper use of Extension cords

88 Ground fault circuit Interrupters

Lock out/Tag out

92 Electrical Power tools

94 Near underground cables

1. Review any accidents or "near accidents" from the past week.

3. Give the Tool box Safety Talk

 Ensure that all equipment used in a location

 Always wear the seat belt to take advantage

 Learn to identify those areas where a rollover

1. Review any accidents or "near accidents" from the past week.

3. Give the Tool box Safety Talk

 Wear a hard hat when operations

 Choose the right hard hat for the job.

 Choose the appropriate hard hat for

1. Review any accidents or "near accidents" from the past week.

3. Give the Tool box Safety Talk