A multinational corporation (MNC) or worldwide enterprise [10] is a corporate organization which owns or

controls production of goods or services in at least one country other than its home country. [11] Black's Law
Dictionary suggests that a company or group should be considered a multinational corporation if it derives 25%
or more of its revenue from out-of-home-country operations.[12] A multinational corporation can also be referred
to as a multinational enterprise (MNE), a transnational enterprise (TNE), a transnational
corporation(TNC), an international corporation, or a stateless corporation.[13] There are subtle but real
differences between these three labels, as well as multinational corporation and worldwide enterprise.
Most of the largest and most influential companies of the modern age are publicly traded multinational
corporations, including Forbes Global 2000 companies. Multinational corporations are subject to criticisms for
lacking ethical standards, and that this shows up in how they evade ethical laws and leverage their own
business agenda with capital, and even the military backing of their own wealthy host nation-states.[citation
needed]
They have also become associated with multinational tax havens and base erosion and profit shifting tax
avoidance activities.
multinational corporation (MNC) is usually a large corporation incorporated in one country which produces or
sells goods or services in various countries.[14] The two main characteristics of MNCs are their large size and
the fact that their worldwide activities are centrally controlled by the parent companies. [15]

 Importing and exporting goods and services

 Making significant investments in a foreign country
 Buying and selling licenses in foreign markets
 Engaging in contract manufacturing — permitting a local manufacturer in a foreign country to produce their
products
 Opening manufacturing facilities or assembly operations in foreign countries
 Features of Multinational Corporations (MNCs):
 Following are the salient features of MNCs:
 (i) Huge Assets and Turnover:
 Because of operations on a global basis, MNCs have huge physical and financial
assets. This also results in huge turnover (sales) of MNCs. In fact, in terms of
assets and turnover, many MNCs are bigger than national economies of several
countries.
 (ii) International Operations Through a Network of Branches:
 MNCs have production and marketing operations in several countries; operating
through a network of branches, subsidiaries and affiliates in host countries.
 (iii) Unity of Control:
 MNCs are characterized by unity of control. MNCs control business activities of
their branches in foreign countries through head office located in the home
country. Managements of branches operate within the policy framework of the
parent corporation.
 (iv) Mighty Economic Power:
  MNCs are powerful economic entities. They keep on adding to their economic
power through constant mergers and acquisitions of companies, in host
countries.
 (v) Advanced and Sophisticated Technology:
 Generally, a MNC has at its command advanced and sophisticated technology. It
employs capital intensive technology in manufacturing and marketing.
 (vi) Professional Management:
 A MNC employs professionally trained managers to handle huge funds, advanced
technology and international business operations.
 (vii)Aggressive Advertising and Marketing:
List of Advantages of Multinational Corporations

1. Cheaper Labor
One of the advantages of multinational corporations is the opportunity to operate in countries where labor is not
as expensive. This is one of the perks that smaller companies do not enjoy. Multinationals can set up their
offices in several countries where demand for their services and products are high while cheaper labor is
available.
2. Broader Market Base
By opening establishments or offices in several countries, multinationals increase their chances of reaching out
to customers on a global scale, a benefit which other companies limited to regional offices and establishments
do not have. The access to more customers gives them more opportunities to develop and cater their products
and services that will fit the needs of potential customers.
3. Tax Cuts
Multinationals can enjoy lower taxes in other countries for exports and imports, an advantage that owners of
international corporations can take at any given day. And although not all countries can have lower tariffs, there
are those that give tax cuts to investors to attract more international companies to do business in these
countries.
4. Job Creation
When international companies set up branches in other countries, employees and members of the team are
locals. That said, more people are given employment opportunities especially in developing countries.
List of Disadvantages of Multinational Corporations

1. Potential Abuse of Workers

Multinational companies often invest in developing countries where they can take advantage of cheaper labor.
Some multinational corporations prefer to put up branches in these parts of the world where there are no
stringent policies in labor and where people need jobs because these multinationals can demand for cheaper
labor and lesser healthcare benefits.
2. Threat to Local Businesses
Another disadvantage of multinationals in other countries is their ability to dominate the marker. These giant
corporations can dominate the industries they are in because they have better products and they can afford to
even offer them at lower prices since they have the financial resources to buy in bulk. This can eat up all the
other small businesses offering the same goods and services. Chances are, local businesses will suffer and
worse, close down.
3. Loss of Jobs
With more companies transferring offices and centering operations in other countries, jobs for the people living
in developed countries are threatened. Take the case of multinationals that create offices in developing
countries for their technical operations and manufacturing. The jobs given to the locals of the host country
should be the jobs enjoyed by the people where the head office is located.
Multinational corporations have both advantages and disadvantages since it creates jobs but can also end up
in the exploitation of workers, among other things. And since they are most likely to stay, it’s best to create
policies to make globalization equitable.

The Coca-Cola Company

The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE: KO) is a total beverage company, offering over 500 brands in
more than 200 countries and territories. In addition to the company’s Coca-Cola brands, our
portfolio includes some of the world’s most valuable beverage brands, such as AdeS soy-based
beverages, Ayataka green tea, Dasani waters, Del Valle juices and nectars, Fanta, Georgia coffee,
Gold Peak teas and coffees, Honest Tea, innocent smoothies and juices, Minute Maid juices,
Powerade sports drinks, Simply juices, smartwater, Sprite, vitaminwater and ZICO coconut
water. We’re constantly transforming our portfolio, from reducing sugar in our drinks to
bringing innovative new products to market. We’re also working to reduce our environmental
impact by replenishing water and promoting recycling. With our bottling partners, we employ
more than 700,000 people, helping bring economic opportunity to local communities
worldwide. Learn more at Coca-Cola Journey at www.coca-colacompany.com and follow us
on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and LinkedIn.

About Coca-Cola India

Coca-Cola India, is one of the country’s leading beverage companies, offering a range of healthy,
safe, high quality, refreshing beverage options to consumers. Ever since its re-entry in 1993, the
Company has gone on to establish an unmatched portfolio of beverages, refreshing consumers
with its leading beverage brands like Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Zero, Diet Coke, Thums Up, Fanta,
Fanta Green Mango, Limca, Sprite, Sprite Zero, VIO Flavored Milk, Maaza, Minute Maid range
of juices, Georgia and Georgia Gold range of hot and cold tea and coffee options, Kinley and
Bonaqua packaged drinking water, Kinley Club Soda and BURN energy drink. The Company
along with its bottling partners, through a strong network of over 2.6 million retail outlets,
touches the lives of millions of consumers. Its brands are some of the most preferred and most
sold beverages in the country.

The Coca-Cola system in India has already invested $2 billion till 2011, since its re-entry into
India. The company will be investing another $5 billion till the year 2020. The Coca-Cola system
in India directly employs over 25,000 people including those on contract. The system has
created indirect employment for more than 1,50,000 people in related industries through its
vast procurement, supply and distribution system. We strive to ensure that our work
environment is safe and inclusive and that there are plentiful opportunities for our people in
India and across the world.

With an enduring commitment to building sustainable communities, our Company is focused on

initiatives that reduce our environmental footprint, support active, healthy living, create a safe,
inclusive work environment for our associates, and contribute to the development of the
communities where we operate. Some of the Company’s flagship community development
programmes include the “Support My School” programme, the “Parivartan” retailer training
programme, women empowerment as a part of the global 5BY20 campaign etc. To know more
about our sustainability initiatives click here

Coca-Cola India Pvt Ltd is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Coca-Cola which manufactures and
sells concentrate and beverage bases and powdered beverage mixes. A Company-owned bottling
entity, namely, Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Pvt Ltd, thirteen licensed bottling partners of
The Coca-Cola Company, who are authorised to prepare, package, sell and distribute beverages
under certain specified trademarks of The Coca-Cola Company; and an extensive distribution
system comprising of our customers, distributors and retailers are the other pillars of this
system.

Coca-Cola India Private Limited sells concentrate and beverage bases to authorised bottlers.
These authorised bottlers independently develop local markets and distribute beverages to
grocers, small retailers, supermarkets, restaurants and numerous other businesses. In turn,
these customers make our beverages available to consumers across India.

Microsoft India

Microsoft India Private Limited is a subsidiary of American software company Microsoft Corporation,
headquartered in Hyderabad, India. The company first entered the Indian market in 1990 and has since worked
closely with the Indian government, the IT industry, academia and the local developer community to usher in
some of the early successes in the IT market. Microsoft currently has offices in the 9 cities
of Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kochi, Kolkata, Mumbai, the NCR (New Delhi and Gurgaon)
and Pune.[2][dead link]Increasingly, the company has become a key IT partner of the Indian government and
industry, supporting and fueling the growth of the local IT industry through its partner enablement programs.
Since its entry into India, Microsoft has focused on three key objectives:

 To become a key IT partner of the Indian government and the local IT industry
 To support and fuel growth of the local IT industry through its partner enablement programs
 To use the Microsoft Unlimited Potential program to enhance education, jobs and opportunities and foster
innovation through relevant, affordable access to computing.
Microsoft in India employs about 6,500 people and has six business units representing the complete Microsoft
product portfolio. Bhaskar Pramanik, Chairman of Microsoft India, announced that Microsoft intends to provide
free internet connectivity across India.[3]
Microsoft India increased maternity leave for their female employees in 1 February 2016 from 3 months to 6
months (if the child was born from the woman), and for mothers of adopted children to eight calendar weeks

Tata Motors
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Tata Motors Limited

Formerly Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company Ltd.

Type Public

Traded as BSE: 500570

NSE: TATAMOTORS
NYSE: TTM
BSE SENSEX Constituent

Industry Automotive

Founded 1945; 74 years ago

Headquarters Mumbai, Maharashtra, India[1]

Area served Worldwide

Key people Natarajan Chandrasekaran(Chairman)

Guenter Butschek (CEO)

Products Automobiles
Sport Cars
Commercial vehicles
Coaches
 Buses
Construction equipment
Military vehicles
Automotive parts

Services Automotive design, engineering and outsourcing

services
Vehicle leasing
Vehicle service

Revenue US$43.910 billion (2018)[2]

Operating income US$1.614 billion (2017)[2]

Net income US$1.31 billion (2018)[2]

Total assets US$41.066 billion (2017)[2]

Total equity US$8.226 billion (2017)[2]

Number of 81,090 (2018)[2]

employees

Parent Tata Group

Divisions Tata Motors Cars

Subsidiaries Jaguar Land Rover

Tata Daewoo
Tata Technologies
Tata Hispano

Website www.tatamotors.com

Tata Motors Limited (formerly TELCO, short for Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company) is
an Indian multinational automotivemanufacturing company headquartered in Mumbai. It is a
subsidiary of Tata Group, an Indian conglomerate. Its products include passenger cars, trucks, vans,
coaches, buses, sports cars, construction equipment and military vehicles.[3]
Tata Motors has auto manufacturing and assembly plants
in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar, Lucknow, Sanand, Dharwad, and Pune in India, as well as in Argentina,
South Africa, Great Britain and Thailand. It has research and development centres in Pune,
Jamshedpur, Lucknow, and Dharwad, India and in South Korea, Great Britain and Spain. Tata
Motors' principal subsidiaries purchased the English premium car maker Jaguar Land Rover (the
maker of Jaguar and Land Rover cars) and the South Korean commercial vehicle manufacturer Tata
Daewoo. Tata Motors has a bus-manufacturing joint venture with Marcopolo S.A. (Tata Marcopolo),
a construction-equipment manufacturing joint venture with Hitachi (Tata Hitachi Construction
Machinery), and a joint venture with Fiat Chrysler which manufactures automotive components and
Fiat Chrysler and Tata branded vehicles.
Founded in 1945 as a manufacturer of locomotives, the company manufactured its first commercial
vehicle in 1954 in a collaboration with Daimler-Benz AG, which ended in 1969. Tata Motors entered
the passenger vehicle market in 1988 with the launch of the TataMobile followed by the Tata
Sierra in 1991, becoming the first Indian manufacturer to achieve the capability of developing a
competitive indigenous automobile.[4] In 1998, Tata launched the first fully indigenous Indian
passenger car, the Indica, and in 2008 launched the Tata Nano, the world's cheapest car. Tata
Motors acquired the South Korean truck manufacturer Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company in
2004 and purchased Jaguar Land Rover from Ford in 2008.
Tata Motors is listed on the (BSE) Bombay Stock Exchange, where it is a constituent of the BSE
SENSEX index, the National Stock Exchange of India, and the New York Stock Exchange. The
company is ranked 226th on the Fortune Global 500 list of the world's biggest corporations as of
2016.[5]
On 17 January 2017, Natarajan Chandrasekaran was appointed chairman of the company Tata
Group.

Subsidiaries[edit]
Companies with TATA name[edit]
Subsidiary companies of the Tata Group and joint ventures using 'TATA' in their names include:

 Tata AIG — an insurance based joint-venture company with AIG.

 Tata AutoComp Systems - India's leading automotive components conglomerate
 Tata Capital — a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Sons Limited, the apex holding company of the Tata
Group
 Tata Chemicals
 Tata CLiQ — e-commerce website, selling apparel, footwear and electronics.
 Tata Communications — a communication company
 Tata Consultancy Services — Asia's largest IT company and world's largest software and services
company.
 Tata Defence
 Tata Elxsi —Product Design & Technology company
 Tata Global Beverages, the world's second largest tea business
 Tetley — subsidiary of Tata Global Beverages
 Tata Housing Development Company, Real estate development company
 Tata Value Homes Limited — 100% Subsidiary of Tata Housing, operating in value and affordable
segments.

 Tata Motors — India's largest & the world's 5th largest automobile company.
Tata Motors' principal subsidiaries include:
 Tata Motors Cars — produces passenger cars under the Tata Motors marque
  Jaguar Land Rover — British company making Jaguar Cars and Land Rover (including Range Rover)
vehicles
 Fiat-Tata — former joint venture with Fiat which manufactured Fiat and Tata branded vehicles, and
automotive components.
 Tata Daewoo
 Tata Hispano — coach builder
 Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery
 Tata Marcopolo
 Tata Technologies – Engineering, Product Lifecycle Management, Information Technology,
Automotive, Aerospace, Construction and Heavy Machinery, Manufacturing and Digital Manufacturing
 Tata Power — India’s largest private sector electricity producer
 Tata Power Solar
 Tata Projects - Engineering, Procurement & Construction
 Tata Salt- a subsidiary of Tata Chemicals
 Tata Sky — a Direct To Home service company in alliance with British Sky Broadcasting and
Newscorporations STAR
 Tata Starbucks- a joint venture between Tata Global Beverages and Starbucks(US).
 Tata Steel, World's 12th largest steel company.
 Tata Steel Europe, formerly Corus group
 Tata Steel BSL, a steel company formaly known as Bhushan steel limited.
 Tata Sponge Iron Ltd.
 Tata metaliks Ltd.
 Tata Teleservices — India's second largest CDMA telecom company.

Subsidiaries without TATA name[edit]

Subsidiary companies of the Tata Group and joint ventures without 'TATA' used in their names include:

 Air Asia India – A scheduled passenger low cost airline (Joint venture with AirAsia)
 Indicash ATM – Tata ATMs
 Brunner Mond – subsidiary of Tata Chemicals
 C-Edge Technologies — TCS-SBI joint venture
 CMC Limited — (Computer Maintenance Corporation) IT services, consulting and software company
 Computational Research Laboratories — Tata initiative in high performance computing
 e-Nxt Financials ltd. — enterprise solutions provider
 Infiniti Retail Cromā
 Jaguar Land Rover — British car manufacturer, formed in 2013 when Jaguar Cars and Land Rover (both
acquired from US multinational Ford in 2008) were merged
 Jamshedpur FC — Jamshedpur Football Club which played in a Indian Super League which is top-tier
professional league in India
 Mjunction – a Tata Steel & SAIL Joint venture - India's Largest B2B E-Commerce company
 Rallis India Limited — an agricultural research company
 Taj Air Chartered flights
 Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces — owner of 'Taj' hotels
 Tanishq — a jewelry brand in India
 Tetley — UK based international tea brand
 Titan Industries — a joint watchmaking venture in India between the Tata Group and the Tamil Nadu
Industrial Development Corporation (TIDCO)
 Trent (Westside) — a retail chain
 TRL Krosaki Refractories Limited — a refractory company, formerly Tata Refractories Limited with Krosaki
Harima Corporation.
 Voltas
 Vistara — an Indian airline that is a joint venture with Singapore Airlines
 VSNL International Canada — based in Canada
 TitanX-Powertrain Cooling

Educational and Research Institutes[edit]

 Indian Institute of Science

 National Centre for Performing Arts
 Nettur Technical Training Foundation R D Tata Technical Education Centre Jamshedpur
 Tata Ecotechnology Centre
 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
 Tata Institute of Social Sciences
 Tata Management Training Centre
 Tata Memorial Hospital
 Tata Medical Centre
 The Energy and Resources Institute, formerly Tata Energy Research Institute


 Sony India
 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 Jump to navigationJump to search
 For the television channels, see Sony Entertainment Television and Sony Pictures Networks.

Sony India Pvt. Ltd.

Type Subsidiary of Sony

Industry Entertainment
Television

Founded 17 November 1994

Headquarters New Delhi, India

Key people Masaru Tamagawa

Yukio Takeyari

Parent Sony Corporation

 Website www.sony.co.in

 Sony India Pvt. Ltd., based in New Delhi,[1] is the Indian subsidiary of Japan's Sony corporation,
headquartered in Tokyo.
 Sony's principal Indian businesses include Marketing, Sales and After-Sales Service of electronic
products & software exports Products: LCD Televisions, Video and Digital Still Cameras, Notebooks
and Business Projectors, Personal Audio, Audio Video Accessories, Hi-fi Audios and Home Theater
systems, Car Audio and Visual Systems, Game Consoles, Mobile Phones, Recording Media and
Energy Devices, Broadcast and Professional products. [2]
 In India, Sony has its footprint across all major towns and cities in the country through a distribution
network of over 10,400 dealers and distributors, 270 exclusive Sony outlets and 23 direct branch
locations.[3] Moreover, Sony's 19 sales branches cover a total of 450 cities. It has also developed a
network of 270 Sony Center and established 30 warehouses across the country to manage its supply
chain effectively.[4]

 Sony India Software Centre Pvt. Ltd.[edit]

 Sony currently has global software development facilities in the United States, Europe, Japan, China
and India. Among these, Sony India Software Centre (SISC), located in Bengaluru—India’s Silicon
Valley—has expanded notably in recent years. Established in 1997, SISC serves as a development
base for software used in a wide range of products manufactured by Sony Group companies around
the world and as the Group’s global offshore IT centre. With the role of software taking on ever-greater
importance in this digitized age, SISC is rapidly augmenting its team of engineers. In fiscal year 2010,
ended 31 March 2011, SISC had approximately 1,000 engineers on staff. Their work contributed to
efforts of the entire Sony Group to advance state-of-the-art 3D technologies, as well as to the
development of new products, including Sony Internet TV, Sony Tablet and Android based mobile
phones and other devices. As the Group’s strategic offshore IT centre, they worked together with Sony
Group companies with the aim of reinforcing the Group’s operating foundation.[5]
 In early 2012, Sony Corp restructured its India business by creating two separate units, one for
undertaking sales and marketing operations, headquartered at New Delhi and the other for focusing on
software and product development based in Bengaluru. As a result, Sony India Software Centre Pvt.
Ltd. was de-merged from Sony India Pvt. Ltd. as a

Nestlé
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"Nestle" redirects here. For other uses, see Nestle (disambiguation).

Nestlé S.A.
 Aerial view of Nestlé's corporate headquarters building in Vevey, Vaud,

Switzerland

Type Société Anonyme

Traded as SIX: NESN

ISIN CH0038863350

Industry Food processing

Founded 1866; 153 years ago (as Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk

Company)
1867; 152 years ago (as Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé)
1905; 114 years ago (as Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss
Condensed Milk Company)

Founder Henri Nestlé

Headquarters Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland

Area served Worldwide

Key people Paul Bulcke[1]

(Chairman)
 Ulf Mark Schneider[1]
(CEO)

Products Baby food, coffee, dairy products, breakfast

cereals, confectionery, bottled water, ice cream, pet
foods (list...)

Revenue CHF89.791 billion (2017)[2]

Operating CHF10.112 billion (2017)[2]

income

Net income CHF7.538 billion (2017)[2]

Total assets CHF130,380 million (2017)[2]

Total equity CHF62,777 million (2017)[2]

Number of 323,000 (2017)[2]

employees

Website Official website

Nestlé S.A. (/ˈnɛsleɪ, -li, -əl/, formerly /-əlz/; French: [nɛsle]) is a Swiss transnational food and drink
company headquartered in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland. It is the largest food company in the world,
measured by revenues and other metrics, since 2014.[3][4][5][6][7] It ranked No. 64 on the Fortune Global
500 in 2017[8] and No. 33 on the 2016 edition of the Forbes Global 2000 list of largest public
companies.[9]
Nestlé's products include baby food, medical food, bottled water, breakfast cereals, coffee and tea,
confectionery, dairy products, ice cream, frozen food, pet foods, and snacks. Twenty-nine of Nestlé's
brands have annual sales of over CHF1 billion
(about US$1.1 billion),[10] including Nespresso, Nescafé, Kit Kat, Smarties, Nesquik, Stouffer's, Vittel,
and Maggi. Nestlé has 447 factories, operates in 189 countries, and employs around 339,000
people.[11] It is one of the main shareholders of L'Oreal, the world's largest cosmetics company.[12]
Nestlé was formed in 1905 by the merger of the Anglo-Swiss Milk Company, established in 1866 by
brothers George and Charles Page, and Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé, founded in 1866 by Henri
Nestlé.[13] The company grew significantly during the First World War and again following the Second
World War, expanding its offerings beyond its early condensed milk and infant formula products. The
company has made a number of corporate acquisitions, including Crosse & Blackwell in
1950, Findus in 1963, Libby's in 1971, Rowntree Mackintosh in 1988, Klim in 1998, and Gerber in
2007.
Nestlé has a primary listing on the SIX Swiss Exchange and is a constituent of the Swiss Market
Index. It has a secondary listing on Euronext.