Experiment 1 – Deflected Shape

Aim
The purpose of this experiment is to apply certain pressures and make deflection measurements on
the diaphragm, to compare experimental results with theoretical values.

Experimental Procedure
In the non-pressurized state, the center of the diaphragm was considered as the origin and the
deflection at these locations was measured by going 10 mm on the positive and negative sides.

Results Analysis
Diaphragm Plate Radius (R): 94.4 mm Diaphragm Plate Thickness (t): 3 mm
Position Radius Deflection Indicator True Measured Theoretical
Indicator Ratio (r/R) Reading (mm) Deflection (w/wmax) (w/wmax)
-2 -2
Reading p=0 kN.m p=60 kN.m w (mm)
(r) (mm)
90 0.952 0.09 0.14 0.05 0.070 0.00877
80 0.846 0.09 0.21 0.12 0.169 0.08
70 0.74 0.06 0.29 0.23 0.324 0.204
60 0.634 0.05 0.38 0.33 0.464 0.357
50 0.53 0.03 0.46 0.43 0.605 0.517
40 0.422 0.02 0.54 0.52 0.732 0.675
30 0.316 0.0 0.61 0.61 0.859 0.810
20 0.212 -0.01 0.65 0.66 0.929 0.912
10 0.106 -0.03 0.67 0.7 0.985 0.977
0 0 -0.01 0.7 0.71 1 1
10 0.106 -0.02 0.65 0.67 0.943 0.977
20 0.212 -0.04 0.59 0.63 0.887 0.912
30 0.316 -0.03 0.58 0.61 0.859 0.810
40 0.422 -0.02 0.51 0.53 0.746 0.675
50 0.53 -0.01 0.41 0.42 0.591 0.517
60 0.634 0.01 0.3 0.29 0.408 0.357
70 0.74 0.02 0.21 0.19 0.267 0.204
80 0.846 0.04 0.14 0.10 0.140 0.08
90 0.952 0.06 0.1 0.04 0.056 0.00877
Table 1.1

The data obtained from the experiment were recorded as shown in Table 1.1.
 Deflected Shape
1.2

0.8
w/wmax

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
Radius Ratio

Measured Theoretical Poly. (Measured) Poly. (Theoretical)

Chart 1.1

According to the experimental data, a radius ratio - w/wmax graph was constructed. Maximum
deflection value occurs at the center of the diaphragm as seen in the chart. It is observed that there is a
small difference between the measured values in the graph and the calculated values in the theoretical
formula.

Young's Modulus (E) value was found to be 41.5 GPa according to the data obtained from the
experiment. The deflection difference between measured and theoretical, is the reason why this value
differs from the theoretical value (69 GPa).

Experimental results and theoretical results appear to be very similar in the graph. The formation of
regional differences between the curves is due to the fact that the experimental setup can not hold the
diaphragm in the desired position and the diaphragm loses its sensitivity over time.
Experiment 2 – Surface Strains
Aim
To find the strain values of the strain gauge at different pressure values, to show that strain gauge
graphs are linear and to compare experimental results with theoretical values.

Experimental Procedure
Starting from the pressure value of 60 kPa and decreasing by 10 kPa every time until it becomes
depressurized, the strain values originating from the pressure were measured with the aid of 8 different
strain gauges.

Results Analysis

Pressure Strain (micro-strain µƐ)

(kN.m-2) Gauge 1 Gauge 2 Gauge 3 Gauge 4 Gauge 5 Gauge 6 Gauge 7 Gauge 8
Circ Rad Circ Rad Rad Circ 45o Rad
0 12 11 9 6 2 6 -12 -9
10 104 93 83 34 7 32 -75 -132
20 154 137 123 49 11 46 -108 -194
30 209 188 165 68 16 62 -144 -265
40 259 232 205 85 23 77 -176 -332
50 312 280 245 102 31 90 -210 -401
60 370 335 290 125 39 103 -246 -480
Actual 5.696 5.146 4.46 1.889 0.61 1.564 -3.714 -7.460
Gradient (µƐ/
kN.m-2)
Theoretical 4.459 3.786 3.45 0.759 -0.579 0.436 -3.922 -8.28
Gradient (µƐ/
kN.m-2)
Table 2.1

The data obtained from the experiment were recorded as shown in Table 2.1.
 Strain - Pressure Chart
500
400
300
Strain (micro-strain µƐ)

200
100
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
-100
-200
-300
-400
-500
-600
Pressure (kN.m-2)

Gauge 1 Gauge 2 Gauge 3

Gauge 4 Gauge 5 Gauge 6
Gauge 7 Gauge 8 Linear (Gauge 1)
Linear (Gauge 2) Linear (Gauge 3) Linear (Gauge 4)
Linear (Gauge 5) Linear (Gauge 6) Linear (Gauge 7)
Linear (Gauge 8)

Chart 2.1

A pressure - strain graph was generated according to the experimental data. This chart shows the
linearity of the data for each strain gauge. This linearity indicates that the measured values are close to
the true value and the error margin is low. Since the strain gauge 7 is positioned at an angle of 45
degrees, the strain value of gauge 7 is between gauge 6 and 8 as can be seen in chart.

The strain values of gauge 7 and 8 are negative that shows a compressive radial strain.

It is also seen that strain values increase with pressure increase in this chart.
 Strain Gradients
8

2
Strain Slope

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
-2

-4

-6

-8

-10
Radius Ratio

Actual Radial Theoretical Radial

Actual Circular Theoretical Circular
Actual 45 Degree Theoretical 45 Degree
Poly. (Actual Radial) Poly. (Theoretical Radial)
Poly. (Actual Circular) Poly. (Theoretical Circular)
Linear (Actual 45 Degree) Linear (Theoretical 45 Degree)

Chart 2.2

A strain slope - radius ratio graph was constructed according to the experimental data shown in Chart
2.2.

Gauge 2, 4 and 8 allow measurements of radial strains. Gauge 1, 3 and 6 allow measurements of
circumferential strains. Gauge 7 allows that the surface strain at 45 degrees. Also gauge 5 is at the
theoretical point of zero radial strain. For this reason, strain values of gauge 5, should be lower than
others.

The small differences between the experimental data and the theoretical data may be as follows;

the fact that the instrument is not calibrated at the desired level, the deflection effect on the diaphragm
from the previous experiment, the readings do not remain constant and may change over time causes
errors in reading.